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Side-by-Side Parallel Histories of Israel and Palestine: A Complex Narrative
Understanding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict requires navigating a complex tapestry of interwoven narratives. This blog post offers a side-by-side comparison of the historical experiences of both Israelis and Palestinians, aiming to provide a nuanced and balanced perspective, free from bias. We will explore key events, highlighting shared experiences and diverging interpretations, to shed light on the roots of the ongoing conflict. This is not intended to be a definitive history, but rather a framework for understanding the parallel yet often conflicting narratives that shape the present.
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The Ancient Roots: Shared Land, Divergent Paths (Pre-1948)
The land encompassing modern-day Israel and Palestine holds immense historical significance for both Jews and Palestinians. For Jews, it is the biblical homeland, the promised land described in the Torah. Centuries of diaspora followed the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, leading to a continued yearning for a return to Zion. For Palestinians, the region represents a continuous history rooted in their ancestors who lived and thrived in the area for centuries, with a cultural and linguistic heritage distinctly connected to the land. This shared geography forms the bedrock of their conflicting claims.
Jewish History: Diaspora and Zionist Aspirations
Following the Roman expulsion, Jewish communities dispersed globally, maintaining their cultural and religious identity while facing persecution and antisemitism in various countries. The rise of Zionism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for a Jewish homeland in Palestine, stemmed from this historical context and the desire for self-determination and refuge from antisemitism. Early Zionist settlements faced challenges from the existing Arab population.
Palestinian History: Ottoman Rule and British Mandate
Palestinians, largely Arab Muslims and Christians, lived under Ottoman rule for centuries. This period saw relative stability, punctuated by periods of internal conflict and economic disparity. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I saw Palestine placed under British Mandate rule. This era witnessed growing Palestinian nationalism and resistance to increasing Jewish immigration supported by the British. The British attempted to balance competing claims, leading to increasing tensions and violence.
The 1948 War and its Aftermath: A Pivotal Turning Point
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, following the UN Partition Plan, drastically altered the landscape. The establishment of the State of Israel led to the displacement of a large number of Palestinians, an event known as the Nakba ("catastrophe") in Palestinian history. This event remains a central point of contention and a source of deep trauma for Palestinians. Israelis view this war as a necessary defensive measure against attacks by Arab armies following the declaration of independence.
Israeli Narrative: War of Independence and Security Concerns
Israelis perceive the 1948 war as a struggle for survival and independence against aggression from neighboring Arab states. This perspective emphasizes the need for a strong defense and the creation of a secure Jewish state. The war’s outcome significantly impacted Israel’s territorial boundaries and its security considerations for decades to come.
Palestinian Narrative: The Nakba and Displacement
For Palestinians, the 1948 war represents the Nakba, a traumatic event that resulted in the displacement and dispossession of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. This experience continues to shape their identity and political aspirations, with the right of return remaining a central demand in peace negotiations.
The Six-Day War and the Occupation: Shifting Power Dynamics
The 1967 Six-Day War resulted in Israel's occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. This significantly expanded Israeli control over Palestinian territories, creating a new chapter in the conflict.
Israeli Narrative: Security and Territorial Expansion
Israel's perspective on the Six-Day War often emphasizes the preemptive nature of its actions and the perceived threats to its security. The occupation of the territories is seen by some as a strategic necessity for defense, while others advocate for annexation or settlement expansion.
Palestinian Narrative: Occupation and Resistance
Palestinians view the occupation as an ongoing injustice, leading to ongoing resistance movements and a struggle for self-determination. This period saw the rise of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and the growth of Palestinian nationalism. The occupation continues to shape daily life in the occupied territories, influencing every aspect from economics to personal freedoms.
Conclusion
The side-by-side comparison of Israeli and Palestinian histories reveals a complex and deeply intertwined narrative. Understanding the divergent interpretations of key events is crucial for comprehending the present conflict. While a single, universally accepted narrative is unlikely, fostering empathy and understanding through nuanced historical analysis is a crucial step toward resolving the conflict and achieving a lasting peace. Both sides must acknowledge the other’s historical experiences and suffering to pave the way for meaningful dialogue and reconciliation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the role of religion in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Religion plays a significant role, though not the sole determinant, in shaping the narratives and perspectives of both sides. For Israelis, Jewish religious beliefs are often intertwined with Zionist ideology and the claim to the land. For Palestinians, Islam and Christianity provide a strong sense of identity and connection to the land, shaping their resistance and aspirations.
2. How has international intervention impacted the conflict? International involvement has been extensive, including UN resolutions, peace negotiations, and financial aid. While some efforts have achieved limited success, others have been criticized for bias or for failing to address the core issues effectively. International pressure remains a significant factor influencing the conflict's trajectory.
3. What are the key obstacles to peace? Major obstacles include the issue of Palestinian refugees' right of return, the status of Jerusalem, the control of borders and resources, and the settlement issue. These disagreements stem from deeply entrenched historical grievances and conflicting interpretations of international law.
4. What are the different perspectives on the two-state solution? The two-state solution, envisioning an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel, remains a prominent proposal for resolving the conflict. However, Israelis and Palestinians hold varying views on its feasibility and the specific parameters for implementation, with disagreements particularly surrounding borders, security arrangements, and the status of Jerusalem.
5. What role do third-party actors play in the conflict? Various regional and international actors influence the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, often with differing agendas. Some actively promote peace efforts, while others may seek to exploit the conflict for their own political or strategic gains. These external pressures add to the complexity of the situation and frequently complicate any attempts at resolving the conflict.
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Side by Side Sāmī ʻAbd al-Razzāq ʻAdwān, Dan Bar-On, Eyal J. Naveh, Peace Research Institute in the Middle East, 2012 In 2000, a group of Israeli and Palestinian teachers gathered to address what to many people seemed an unbridgeable gulf between the two societies. Struck by how different the standard Israeli and Palestinian textbook histories of the same events were from one another, they began to explore how to disarm the teaching of the history of the Middle East in Israeli and Palestinian classrooms. The result is a riveting dual narrative of Israeli and Palestinian history. Side by Side comprises the history of two peoples, in separate narratives set literally side-by-side, so that readers can track each against the other, noting both where they differ as well as where they correspond. The unique and fascinating presentation has been translated into English and is now available to American audiences for the first time. An eye-opening--and inspiring--new approach to thinking about one of the world's most deeply entrenched conflicts, Side by Side is a breakthrough book that will spark a new public discussion about the bridge to peace in the Middle East. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Shared Histories Paul Scham, Walid Salem, Benjamin Pogrund, 2016-09-17 There is no single history of the development of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Israeli historical narrative speaks of Zionism as the Jewish national movement, of building a refuge from persecution, and of national regeneration. The Palestinian narrative speaks of invasion, expulsion, and oppression. Its no wonder peace remains elusive. This volume attempts to present both histories with parallel narratives of key points in the 19th and 20th centuries to 1948. The histories are presented by fourteen Israeli and Palestinian experts, joined by other historians, journalists, and activists, who then discuss the differences and similarities between their accounts. By creating an appreciation, understanding, and respect for the “other,” the first steps can be made to foster a shared history of a shared land. The reader has the opportunity to witness first hand a respectful confrontation between the competing versions of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The War for Palestine Eugene L. Rogan, Avi Shlaim, 2001 The Arab-Israeli conflict is one of the most intense and intractable international conflicts of modern times. This book is about the historical roots of that conflict. It re-examines the history of 1948, the war in which the newly-born state of Israel defeated the Palestinians and the regular Arab armies of the neighbouring states so decisively. The book includes chapters on all the principal participants, on the reasons for the Palestinian exodus, and on the political and moral consequences of the war. The chapters are written by leading Arab, Israeli and western scholars who draw on primary sources in all relevant languages to offer alternative interpretations and new insights into this defining moment in Middle East history. The result is a major contribution to the literature on the 1948 war. It will command a wide audience from among students and general readers with an interest in the region. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: A History of Palestine Gudrun Krämer, 2011-02-22 Krämer focuses on patterns of interaction amongst Jews and Arabs (Muslim as well as Christian) in Palestine, an interaction that deeply affected the economic, political, social, and cultural evolution of both communities under Ottoman and British rule. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: One State, Two States Benny Morris, 2009-04-28 “What is so striking about Morris’s work as a historian is that it does not flatter anyone’s prejudices, least of all his own,” David Remnick remarked in a New Yorker article that coincided with the publication of Benny Morris’s 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. With the same commitment to objectivity that has consistently characterized his approach, Morris now turns his attention to the present-day legacy of the events of 1948 and the concrete options for the future of Palestine and Israel. The book scrutinizes the history of the goals of the Palestinian national movement and the Zionist movement, then considers the various one- and two-state proposals made by different streams within the two movements. It also looks at the willingness or unwillingness of each movement to find an accommodation based on compromise. Morris assesses the viability and practicality of proposed solutions in the light of complicated and acrimonious realities. Throughout his groundbreaking career, Morris has reshaped understanding of the Israeli-Arab conflict. Here, once again, he arrives at a new way of thinking about the discord, injecting a ray of hope in a region where it is most sorely needed. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Hundred Years' War on Palestine Rashid I. Khalidi, 2020-02-06 THE SUNDAY TIMES AND NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER 'Riveting and original ... a work enriched by solid scholarship, vivid personal experience, and acute appreciation of the concerns and aspirations of the contending parties in this deeply unequal conflict ' Noam Chomsky The twentieth century for Palestine and the Palestinians has been a century of denial: denial of statehood, denial of nationhood and denial of history. The Hundred Years War on Palestine is Rashid Khalidi's powerful response. Drawing on his family archives, he reclaims the fundamental right of any people: to narrate their history on their own terms. Beginning in the final days of the Ottoman Empire, Khalidi reveals nascent Palestinian nationalism and the broad recognition by the early Zionists of the colonial nature of their project. These ideas and their echoes defend Nakba - the Palestinian term for the establishment of the state of Israel - the cession of the West Bank and Gaza to Jordan and Egypt, the Six Day War and the occupation. Moving through these critical moments, Khalidi interweaves the voices of journalists, poets and resistance leaders with his own accounts as a child of a UN official and a resident of Beirut during the 1982 seige. The result is a profoundly moving account of a hundred-year-long war of occupation, dispossession and colonisation. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 Benny Morris, 1989-02-24 This book is the first full-length study of the birth of the Palestinian refugee problem. Based on recently declassified Israeli, British and American state and party political papers and on hitherto untapped private papers, it traces the stages of the 1947-9 exodus against the backdrop of the first Arab-Israeli war and analyses the varied causes of the flight. The Jewish and Arab decision-making involved, on national and local levels, military and political, is described and explained, as is the crystallisation of Israel's decision to bar a refugee repatriation. The subsequent fate of the abandoned Arab villages, lands and urban neighbourhoods is examined. The study looks at the international context of the war and the exodus, and describes the political battle over the refugees' fate, which effectively ended with the deadlock at Lausanne in summer 1949. Throughout the book attempts to describe what happened rather than what successive generations of Israeli and Arab propagandists have said happened, and to explain the motives of the protagonists. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Israel-Palestine Conflict Neil Caplan, 2019-09-11 One of the 10 Must-Read Histories of the Palestine-Israel Conflict —Ian Black, Literary Hub, on the 100th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration The new edition of the acclaimed text that explores the issues continuing to define the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Numerous instances of competing, sometimes incompatible narratives of controversial events are found throughout history. Perhaps the starkest example of such contradictory representations is the decades-long conflict between Israel and Palestine. For over 140 years, Israelis, Palestinians, and scores of peacemakers have failed to establish a sustainable, mutually-acceptable solution. The Israel-Palestine Conflict introduces the historical basis of the dispute and explores both the tangible issues and intangible factors that have blocked a peaceful resolution. Author Neil Caplan helps readers understand the complexities and contradictions of the conflict and why the histories of Palestine and Israel are so fiercely contested. Now in its second edition, this book has been thoroughly updated to reflect the events that have transpired since its original publication. Fresh insights consider the impact of current global and regional instability and violence on the prospects of peace and reconciliation. New discussions address recent debates over two-state versus one-state solutions, growing polarization in public discourse outside of the Middle East, the role of public intellectuals, and the growing trend of merging scholarship with advocacy. Part of the Wiley-Blackwell Contested Histories series, this clear and accessible volume: Offers a balanced, non-polemic approach to current academic discussions and political debates on the Israel-Palestine conflict Highlights eleven core arguments viewed by the author as unwinnable Encourages readers to go beyond simply assigning blame in the conflict Explores the major historiographical debates arising from the dispute Includes updated references and additional maps Already a standard text for courses on the history and politics of the Middle East, The Israel-Palestine Conflict is an indispensable resource for students, scholars, and interested general readers. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Two-State Delusion Padraig O'Malley, 2015-07-28 Padraig O'Malley is the subject of the new acclaimed documentary The Peacemaker “A thoughtful autopsy of the failed two-state paradigm . . . Evenhanded, diplomatic, mutually respectful, and enormously useful.” —Kirkus, starred review Disputes over settlements, the right of return, the rise of Hamas, recognition of Israel as a Jewish state, and other intractable issues have repeatedly derailed peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine. Now, in a book that is sure to spark controversy, renowned peacemaker Padraig O’Malley argues that the moment for a two-state solution has passed. After examining each issue and speaking with Palestinians and Israelis as well as negotiators directly involved in past summits, O’Malley concludes that even if such an agreement could be reached, it would be nearly impossible to implement given the staggering costs, Palestine’s political disunity and the viability of its economy, rapidly changing demographics, Israel’s continuing political shift to the right, global warming’s effect on the water supply, and more. In this revelatory, hard-hitting book, O’Malley approaches the key issues pragmatically, without ideological bias, to show that we must find new frameworks for reconciliation if there is to be lasting peace between Palestine and Israel. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Israel Anita Shapira, 2014-02-20 A timely and definitive narrative history of Israel in the context of the modern Jewish experience and the Middle East. Ideal for anyone seeking to understand the roots of the current conflict in Gaza. Written by one of Israel's most notable scholars, this volume provides a breathtaking history of Israel from the origins of the Zionist movement in the late 19th century to the present day. Anita Shapira's gripping narrative explores the emergence of Zionism in Europe against the backdrop of relations among Jews, Arabs and Turks, and the earliest pioneer settlements in Palestine under Ottoman rule. Weaving together political, social and cultural developments in Palestine under the British mandate, Shapira creates a tapestry through which to understand the challenges of Israeli nation-building, including mass immigration, shifting cultural norms, the politics of war and world diplomacy, and the creation of democratic institutions and a civil society. References to contemporary diaries, memoirs and literature bring a human dimension to the story of Israel, from its declaration of independence in 1948 through successive decades of waging war, negotiating peace, and building a modern state with a vibrant society and culture. Based on archival sources and the most up-to-date scholarly research, this authoritative history is a must-read for anyone with a passionate interest in Israel and the Middle East. ISRAEL: A HISTORY will be the gold standard in the field for years to come. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Dov Waxman, 2019-04-01 No conflict in the world has lasted as long, generated as many news headlines, or incited as much controversy as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Yet, despite, or perhaps because of, the degree of international attention it receives, the conflict is still widely misunderstood. While Israelis and Palestinians and their respective supporters trade accusations, many outside observers remain confused by the conflict's complexity and perplexed by the passion it arouses. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers an even-handed and judicious guide to the world's most intractable dispute. Writing in an engaging, jargon-free Q&A format, Dov Waxman provides clear and concise answers to common questions, from the most basic to the most contentious. Covering the conflict from its nineteenth-century origins to the latest developments of the twenty-first century, this book explains the key events, examines the core issues, and presents the competing claims and narratives of both sides. Readers will learn what the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is all about, how it has evolved over time, and why it continues to defy diplomatic efforts at a resolution. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Women and the Politics of Military Confrontation Nahla Abdo-Zubi, Ronit Lenṭin, 2002 As the crisis in Israel does not show any signs of abating this remarkable collection, edited by an Israeli and a Palestinian scholar and with contributions by Palestinian and Israeli women, offers a vivid and harrowing picture of the conflict and of its impact on daily life, especially as it affects women's experiences that differ significantly from those of men. The (auto)biographical narratives in this volume focus on some of the most disturbing effects of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: a sense of dislocation that goes well beyond the geographical meaning of the word; it involves social, cultural, national and gender dislocation, including alienation from one's own home, family, community, and society. The accounts become even more poignant if seen against the backdrop of the roots of the conflict, the real or imaginary construct of a state to save and shelter particularly European Jews from the horrors of Nazism in parallel to the other side of the coin: Israel as a settler-colonial state responsible for the displacement of the Palestinian nation. Nahla Abdo is Professor of Sociology at Carleton University, Ottawa. She has published extensively on women and the state in the Middle East with special focus on Palestinian women. She contributed to the establishment of the Women's Studies Institute at Birzeit University and has found the Gender Research Unit at the Women's Empowerment Project/Gaza Community Mental Health Program in Gaza. Ronit Lentin was born in Haifa prior to the establishment of the State of Israel and has lived in Ireland since 1969. She is a well known writer of fiction and non-fiction books and is course co-ordinator of the MPhil in Ethnic Studies at the Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin. She has published extensively on the genedered link between Israel and the Shoah, feminist research methodologies, Israeli and Palestinian women's peace activism, gender and racism in Ireland. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Watershed Stephen C. Lonergan, David B. Brooks, 2014-05-14 Watershed describes the water crisis faced by Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories today; a crisis that will have much to do with the design and the success of the current peace proposals. The authors examine the geopolitics of water in the region, the economic importance, problems of water supply and water quality, and regional conflicts over water. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Catch-67 Micah Goodman, 2018-09-18 A controversial examination of the internal Israeli debate over the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from a best-selling Israeli author Since the Six-Day War, Israelis have been entrenched in a national debate over whether to keep the land they conquered or to return some, if not all, of the territories to Palestinians. In a balanced and insightful analysis, Micah Goodman deftly sheds light on the ideas that have shaped Israelis' thinking on both sides of the debate, and among secular and religious Jews about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Contrary to opinions that dominate the discussion, he shows that the paradox of Israeli political discourse is that both sides are right in what they affirm—and wrong in what they deny. Although he concludes that the conflict cannot be solved, Goodman is far from a pessimist and explores how instead it can be reduced in scope and danger through limited, practical steps. Through philosophical critique and political analysis, Goodman builds a creative, compelling case for pragmatism in a dispute where a comprehensive solution seems impossible. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: In Jerusalem Lis Harris, 2019-09-17 An entirely fresh take on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that examines the life-shaping reverberations of wars and ongoing tensions upon the everyday lives of families in Jerusalem. An American, secular, diasporic Jew, Lis Harris grew up with the knowledge of the historical wrongs done to Jews. In adulthood, she developed a growing awareness of the wrongs they in turn had done to the Palestinian people. This gave her an intense desire to understand how the Israelis’ history led them to where they are now. However, she found that top-down political accounts and insider assessments made the people most affected seem like chess pieces. What she wanted was to register the effects of the country’s seemingly never-ending conflict on the lives of successive generations. Shuttling back and forth over ten years between East and West Jerusalem, Harris learned about the lives of two families: the Israeli Pinczowers/Ezrahis and the Palestinian Abuleils. She came to know members of each family—young and old, religious and secular, male and female. As they shared their histories with her, she looked at how each family survived the losses and dislocations that defined their lives; how, in a region where war and its threat were part of the very air they breathed, they gave children hope for their future; and how the adults’ understanding of the conflict evolved over time. Combining a decade of historical research with political analysis, Harris creates a living portrait of one of the most complicated and controversial conflicts of our time. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Charles D. Smith, 2001 The fourth edition of this comprehensive, accessible introduction to the Arab-Israeli conflict features over 50 primary documents, an expanded map and illustration program, and the most up-to-date coverage available for the classroom. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Remembering Palestine in 1948 Efrat Ben-Ze'ev, 2011-02-07 The war of 1948 in Palestine is a conflict whose history has been written primarily from the national point of view. This book asks what happens when narratives of war arise out of personal stories of those who were involved, stories that are still unfolding. Efrat Ben-Ze'ev examines the memories of those who participated and were affected by the events of 1948, and how these events have been mythologized over time. This is a three-way conversation between Palestinian villagers, Jewish-Israeli veterans, and British policemen who were stationed in Palestine on the eve of the war. Each has his or her story to tell. These small-scale truths shed new light on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, as it was then and as it has become. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: A Very Short Introduction Martin Bunton, Martin P. Bunton, 2013-08-29 The conflict between Palestine and Israel is one of the most highly publicized and bitter struggles of modern times, a dangerous tinderbox always poised to set the Middle East aflame, and to draw the United States into the fire. In this volume the author illuminates the history of the problem, reducing it to its very essence. He explores the Palestinian-Israeli dispute in twenty-year segments, to highlight the historical complexity of the conflict throughout successive decades. Each chapter starts with an examination of the relationships among people and events that marked particular years as historical stepping stones in the evolution of the conflict, including the 1897 Basel Congress, the 1917 Balfour Declaration and British occupation of Palestine, and the 1947 U.N. Partition Plan and the war for Palestine. Providing an exploration of the main issues, the author explores not only the historical basis of the conflict, but also looks at how and why partition has been so difficult and how efforts to restore peace continue today--OCLC |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Only Language They Understand Nathan Thrall, 2017-05-16 In a myth-busting analysis of the world's most intractable conflict, a star of Middle East reporting, one of the most important writers in the field (The New York Times), argues that only one weapon has yielded progress: force. Scattered over the territory between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea lie the remnants of failed peace proposals, international summits, secret negotiations, UN resolutions, and state-building efforts. The conventional story is that these well-meaning attempts at peacemaking were repeatedly, perhaps terminally, thwarted by violence. Through a rich interweaving of reportage, historical narrative, and powerful analysis, Nathan Thrall presents a startling counter-history. He shows that force—including but not limited to violence—has impelled each side to make its largest concessions, from Palestinian acceptance of a two-state solution to Israeli territorial withdrawals. This simple fact has been neglected by the world powers, which have expended countless resources on initiatives meant to diminish friction between the parties. By quashing any hint of confrontation, promising an imminent negotiated solution, facilitating security cooperation, developing the institutions of a still unborn Palestinian state, and providing bounteous economic and military assistance, the United States and Europe have merely entrenched the conflict by lessening the incentives to end it. Thrall’s important book upends the beliefs steering these failed policies, revealing how the aversion of pain, not the promise of peace, has driven compromise for Israelis and Palestinians alike. Published as Israel's occupation of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza reaches its fiftieth anniversary, which is also the centenary of the Balfour Declaration that first promised a Jewish national home in Palestine, The Only Language They Understand advances a bold thesis that shatters ingrained positions of both left and right and provides a new and eye-opening understanding of this most vexed of lands. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Palestinian People Baruch Kimmerling, 2009-07-01 In a timely reminder of how the past informs the present, Baruch Kimmerling and Joel Migdal offer an authoritative account of the history of the Palestinian people from their modern origins to the Oslo peace process and beyond. Palestinians struggled to create themselves as a people from the first revolt of the Arabs in Palestine in 1834 through the British Mandate to the impact of Zionism and the founding of Israel. Their relationship with the Jewish people and the State of Israel has been fundamental in shaping that identity, and today Palestinians find themselves again at a critical juncture. In the 1990s cornerstones for peace were laid for eventual Palestinian-Israeli coexistence, including mutual acceptance, the renunciation of violence as a permanent strategy, and the establishment for the first time of Palestinian self-government. But the dawn of the twenty-first century saw a reversion to unmitigated hatred and mutual demonization. By mid-2002 the brutal violence of the Intifada had crippled Palestine's fledgling political institutions and threatened the fragile social cohesion painstakingly constructed after 1967. Kimmerling and Migdal unravel what went right--and what went wrong--in the Oslo peace process, and what lessons we can draw about the forces that help to shape a people. The authors present a balanced, insightful, and sobering look at the realities of creating peace in the Middle East. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Israel and Palestine Ian Carroll, 2019-01-21 From Exodus to the birth of Jesus, from Islam to the Crusades, through the Diaspora, the recreation of the modern state of Israel, and 2018's Nation-State Bill, Israel and Palestine: The Complete History explains the overall Israeli and Palestinian story. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Brothers Apart Maha Nassar, 2017-09-05 “Nassar brings to life the artistic prowess, rallying cries, and dashed dreams of the leading Palestinian litterateurs in Israel.” —Shira Robinson, author of Citizen Strangers When the state of Israel was established in 1948, not all Palestinians became refugees: some stayed behind and were soon granted citizenship. Those who remained, however, were relegated to second-class status in this new country, controlled by a military regime that restricted their movement and political expression. For two decades, Palestinian citizens of Israel were cut off from friends and relatives on the other side of the Green Line, as well as from the broader Arab world. Yet they were not passive in the face of this profound isolation. Palestinian intellectuals, party organizers, and cultural producers in Israel turned to the written word. Through writers like Mahmoud Darwish and Samih al-Qasim, poetry, journalism, fiction, and nonfiction became sites of resistance and connection alike. With this book, Maha Nassar examines their well-known poetry and uncovers prose works that have, until now, been largely overlooked. The writings of Palestinians in Israel played a key role in fostering a shared national consciousness and would become a central means of alerting Arabs in the region to the conditions—and to the defiance—of these isolated Palestinians. Brothers Apart is the first book to reveal how Palestinian intellectuals forged transnational connections through written texts and engaged with contemporaneous decolonization movements throughout the Arab world, challenging both Israeli policies and their own cultural isolation. Maha Nassar’s readings not only deprovincialize the Palestinians of Israel, but write them back into Palestinian, Arab, and global history. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Israel-Palestine Conflict James L. Gelvin, 2021-03-11 The fourth edition of this award-winning account of the conflict between Israel and Palestine for students and general readers. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Mark Tessler, 2009-03-24 Mark Tessler's highly praised, comprehensive, and balanced history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from the earliest times to the present—updated through the first years of the 21st century—provides a constructive framework for understanding recent developments and assessing the prospects for future peace. Drawing upon a wide array of documents and on research by Palestinians, Israelis, and others, Tessler assesses the conflict on both the Israelis' and the Palestinians' terms. New chapters in this expanded edition elucidate the Oslo peace process, including the reasons for its failure, and the political dynamics in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza at a critical time of transition. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914 Gershon Shafir, 1996-08-19 Gershon Shafir challenges the heroic myths about the foundation of the State of Israel by investigating the struggle to control land and labor during the early Zionist enterprise. He argues that it was not the imported Zionist ideas that were responsible for the character of the Israeli state, but the particular conditions of the local conflict between the European settlers and the Palestinian Arab population. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Israel/Palestine Reader Alan Dowty, 2019-02-22 Introduction to any complex international conflict is enriched when the voices of the adversaries are heard. The Israel/Palestine Reader is an innovative collection, focused on the human dimension of the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian confrontation. Its vivid and illuminating readings present the voices of the diverse parties through personal testimonies and analyses. Key leaders, literary figures, prominent analysts, and simply close observers of different phases of this protracted conflict are all represented—in their own words. From Mark Twain to Theodor Herzl, Gamal Abdul Nasser, Golda Meir, Anwar Sadat, Ezer Weizman, Ehud Barak, Marwan Barghouti, Mahmoud Abbas, Benjamin Netanyahu, John Kerry, and dozens of others, the firsthand narratives brought together in this Reader bring the conflict to life as seen by those closest to it. Though structured to complement Alan Dowty's introductory text Israel/Palestine (4th edition, Polity 2017), this Reader also stands on its own as a survey of voices in the conflict. Each of the ten chapters is framed by an editorial introduction that sets the pieces in context. By juxtaposing contrasting viewpoints both between and within the opposed parties, these pieces underline the drama of the conflict, while final judgment is left to the reader. This lively volume will add color and texture to any study of Arab–Israeli issues or of the Middle East generally. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Back Stories Amahl A. Bishara, 2013-01-09 Few topics in the news are more hotly contested than the Israeli-Palestinian conflict—and news coverage itself is always a subject of debate. But rarely do these debates incorporate an on-the-ground perspective of what and who newsmaking entails. Studying how journalists work in Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Ramallah, and Nablus, and on the tense roads that connect these cities, Amahl Bishara demonstrates how the production of U.S. news about Palestinians depends on multifaceted collaborations, typically invisible to Western readers. She focuses on the work that Palestinian journalists do behind the scenes and below the bylines—as fixers, photojournalists, camerapeople, reporters, and producers—to provide the news that Americans read, see, and hear every day. Ultimately, this book demonstrates how Palestinians play integral roles in producing U.S. news and how U.S. journalism in turn shapes Palestinian politics. U.S. objectivity is in Palestinian journalists' hands, and Palestinian self-determination cannot be fully understood without attention to the journalist standing off to the side, quietly taking notes. Back Stories examines news stories big and small—Yassir Arafat's funeral, female suicide bombers, protests against the separation barrier, an all-but-unnoticed killing of a mentally disabled man—to investigate urgent questions about objectivity, violence, the state, and the production of knowledge in today's news. This book reaches beyond the headlines into the lives of Palestinians during the second intifada to give readers a new vantage point on both Palestinians and journalism. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Israel-Arab Reader Walter Laqueur, Barry Rubin, 1987 |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Activist Pedagogy and Shared Education in Divided Societies , 2022-02-14 Conceived through collaboration by activist academics from Israel and Northern Ireland, this book draws from experience to offer practical and theoretical insights and programs for promoting activist pedagogy for shared learning and shared life in divided societies. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Berlin Calling Paul Hockenos, 2017-05-23 An exhilarating journey through the subcultures, occupied squats, and late-night scenes in the anarchic first few years of Berlin after the fall of the wall Berlin Calling is a gripping account of the 1989 peaceful revolution in East Germany that upended communism and the tumultuous years of artistic ferment, political improvisation, and pirate utopias that followed. It’s the story of a newly undivided Berlin when protest and punk rock, bohemia and direct democracy, techno and free theater were the order of the day. In a story stocked with fascinating characters from Berlin’s highly politicized undergrounds—including playwright Heiner Müller, cult figure Blixa Bargeld of the industrial band Einstürzende Neubauten, the internationally known French Wall artist Thierry Noir, the American multimedia artist Danielle de Picciotto (founder of Love Parade), and David Bowie during his Ziggy Stardust incarnation—Hockenos argues that the DIY energy and raw urban vibe of the early 1990s shaped the new Berlin and still pulses through the city today. Just as Mike Davis captured Los Angeles in his City of Quartz, Berlin Calling is a unique account of how Berlin became hip, and of why it continues to attract creative types from the world over. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Gaza Kitchen Laila El Haddad, Maggie Schmitt, 2016-02-01 A full-colour cookbook featuring an enticing array of Palestinian dishes, 'The Gaza Kitchen' also serves as an extraordinary introudction to daily life in the embattled Gaza Strip. It is a window into the intimate everyday spaces that never appear in the news. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Teaching about Palestine United Nations. Communications and Project Management Division, 1990 Teenage reporters investigate the Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. They look at the history and talk to people on both sides. Designed for secondary school classes. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Understanding Israel/Palestine Eve Spangler, 2019-05-15 The Israeli/Palestinian conflict is the longest on-going hot-and-cold war in the 20th and 21st century. In this book the author argues that human rights standards are the key to a just and sustainable solution and that, tragically, no one has ever made serious use of them in trying to end the conflict. The reader will have a comprehensive view of the conflict, its relationship to surrounding world events, and its similarities to and differences from other conflicts, especially those embedded in American race relations. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Susan M. Akram, Michael Dumper, Michael Lynk, Iain Scobbie, 2010-12-23 The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has long been intertwined with, and has had a profound influence on, the principles of modern international law. Placing a rights-based approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at the centre of discussions over its peaceful resolution, this book provides detailed consideration of international law and its application to political issues. Through the lens of international law and justice, the book debunks the myth that law is not useful to its resolution, illustrating through both theory and practice how international law points the way to a just and durable solution to the conflict in the Middle East. Contributions from leading scholars in their respective fields give an in-depth analysis of key issues that have been marginalized in most mainstream discussions of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Palestinian refugees Jerusalem security legal and political frameworks the future of Palestine. Written in a style highly accessible to the non-specialist, this book is an important addition to the existing literature on the subject. The findings of this book will not only be of interest to students and scholars of Middle Eastern politics, International Law, International Relations and conflict resolution, but will be an invaluable resource for human rights researchers, NGO employees, and embassy personnel, policy staffers and negotiators. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: On History Eric Hobsbawm, 2011-05-12 The theory and practice of history and its relevance to the modern world, by Britains greatest radical historian. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Palestinian Refugees in International Law Francesca P. Albanese, Lex Takkenberg, 2020-05-21 The Palestinian refugee question, resulting from the events surrounding the birth of the state of Israel seventy years ago, remains one of the largest and most protracted refugee crises of the post-WWII era. Numbering over six million in the Middle East alone, Palestinian refugees' status varies considerably according to the state or territory 'hosting' them, the UN agency assisting them and political circumstances surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict these refugees are naturally associated with. Despite being foundational to both the experience of the Palestinian refugees and the resolution of their plight, international law is often side-lined in political discussions concerning their fate. This compelling new book, building on the seminal contribution of the first edition (1998), offers a clear and comprehensive analysis of various areas of international law (including refugee law, human rights law, humanitarian law, the law relating to stateless persons, principles related to internally displaced persons, as well as notions of international criminal law), and probes their relevance to the provision of international protection for Palestinian refugees and their quest for durable solutions. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Herding Cats Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, Pamela R. Aall, 1999 In each of the 24 cases examined in this volume, mediation was a multiparty effort, involving actors working simultaneously or sequentially. These accounts attest to the crucial importance of coordinating and building upon the efforts of other players. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: The Arabs and Zionism Before World War I Neville J. Mandel, 1976 |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Arab and Jew David K. Shipler, 2015-11-10 WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZE • “A rich, penetrating, and moving portrayal of Arab-Jewish hostility, told in human terms.”—Newsday Now expanded and updated • “The best and most comprehensive work there is in the English language on this subject.”—The New York Times In this monumental work, extensively researched and more relevant than ever, David Shipler delves into the origins of the prejudices that exist between Jews and Arabs that have been intensified by war, terrorism, and nationalism. Focusing on the diverse cultures that exist side by side in Israel and Palestine, Shipler examines the process of indoctrination that begins in schools; he discusses the effects of socioeconomic differences, the clashes of Israeli and Palestinian historical narratives, religious conflicts between Islam and Judaism, views of the Holocaust, and much more. And he writes of the people: the Arab woman in love with a Jew, the retired Israeli military officer now disillusioned, the Palestinian militant devoted to violent means, the Israeli and Palestinian schoolchildren who reach across the divides in search of reconciliation. Their stories, and the hundreds of others, reflect not only the reality of “wounded spirits” but also the healing inside minds necessary for eventual coexistence in the promised land. |
| side by side parallel histories of israel palestine: Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Moises Salinas, 2009 |
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