Advertisement
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain: A Complex Battlefield
Military operations on urbanized terrain (MOUT) represent some of the most challenging and lethal engagements a soldier can face. The dense, unpredictable environment dramatically alters traditional warfare strategies, demanding specialized tactics, equipment, and training. This comprehensive guide delves into the complexities of MOUT, exploring its unique challenges, tactical considerations, and the evolving strategies employed by modern militaries. We’ll examine the key differences between open-terrain warfare and MOUT, providing a detailed understanding of this critical aspect of modern combat.
The Unique Challenges of MOUT
Urban environments present a drastically different battlefield compared to open terrain. The characteristics of MOUT significantly impact military operations and require a fundamental shift in tactical approaches.
Limited Visibility and Observation:
High-rise buildings, narrow streets, and dense populations severely restrict observation and line of sight. This makes target acquisition and enemy identification exceptionally difficult, increasing the risk of fratricide and civilian casualties. Snipers and hidden insurgents can easily exploit these limitations.
Complex Navigation and Maneuverability:
Navigating through a maze of streets, buildings, and obstacles is challenging, demanding precise coordination and communication. Rapidly changing situations require adaptability and decisive action, as routes can be quickly blocked or compromised. Vehicles, while potentially useful, can be highly vulnerable to ambush and improvised explosive devices (IEDs).
Increased Risk of Civilian Casualties:
The presence of non-combatants in urban areas drastically increases the risk of collateral damage. Maintaining strict rules of engagement and minimizing civilian casualties is paramount, demanding careful planning and execution. This often requires slower, more deliberate operations.
Close-Quarters Combat (CQB):
MOUT frequently involves close-quarters combat, where engagements occur at extremely short ranges. This necessitates specialized training in room-clearing techniques, close-range weapon handling, and hand-to-hand combat. The element of surprise is crucial, and speed and precision are vital for survival.
Infrastructure Exploitation:
Urban infrastructure—buildings, tunnels, sewer systems—can be exploited by both sides. Defenders can use these features for cover, concealment, and ambush positions, while attackers must consider how to utilize them to their advantage, while mitigating the risk of ambushes and traps.
Tactical Considerations for MOUT Operations
Effective MOUT operations require meticulous planning and execution. Several key tactical considerations are crucial for success:
Intelligence Gathering:
Thorough intelligence gathering is essential to understand the urban environment, identify enemy positions, and anticipate potential threats. Human intelligence (HUMINT) and technological intelligence, such as drones and satellite imagery, play vital roles in this process.
Combined Arms Operations:
MOUT often necessitates a combined arms approach, integrating infantry, armor, artillery, and air support. Coordination and communication between different units are critical for successful execution. Air support, while invaluable, must be carefully planned to avoid civilian casualties.
Urban Warfare Training:
Specialized training in urban warfare is paramount for soldiers operating in MOUT environments. This includes CQB techniques, navigation in complex terrain, and understanding the nuances of urban combat. Simulations and realistic training exercises are critical for developing the necessary skills.
Clear Rules of Engagement (ROE):
Strict adherence to ROE is crucial to minimize civilian casualties and maintain public trust. Clearly defined rules and procedures must be established and communicated to all personnel.
Post-Conflict Stabilization:
MOUT operations often require a significant post-conflict stabilization phase to restore order, provide essential services, and rebuild infrastructure. This involves cooperation with civilian authorities, humanitarian organizations, and local communities.
Evolving Strategies in MOUT
Military doctrines and strategies for MOUT are constantly evolving in response to the changing nature of conflict and the development of new technologies. Adaptability and flexibility are key to success in this dynamic environment. The increasing reliance on technology, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for reconnaissance and precision-guided munitions for reducing collateral damage, signifies a shift in tactical approaches. Furthermore, the use of simulation and virtual reality for training continues to improve the readiness of soldiers facing these complex scenarios.
Conclusion
Military operations on urbanized terrain are inherently complex and demanding, requiring specialized training, equipment, and strategic planning. Understanding the unique challenges presented by MOUT and adapting tactical approaches accordingly is crucial for success. The continuous evolution of military doctrine and technology emphasizes the ongoing need for innovation and adaptability in this critical area of modern warfare.
FAQs
1. What are the key differences between open terrain warfare and MOUT? Open terrain warfare typically involves larger-scale operations with greater visibility and maneuverability. MOUT, conversely, is characterized by limited visibility, close-quarters combat, and a higher risk of civilian casualties.
2. What role does technology play in modern MOUT operations? Technology plays an increasingly crucial role, with UAVs providing reconnaissance, precision-guided munitions minimizing civilian casualties, and advanced communication systems improving coordination between units.
3. How important is training for soldiers involved in MOUT? Specialized training in CQB, urban navigation, and understanding ROE is paramount. Realistic simulations and training exercises are essential for developing the necessary skills and reflexes.
4. What are some of the ethical considerations in MOUT? Minimizing civilian casualties and adhering to strict ROE are critical ethical considerations. Balancing military objectives with the protection of non-combatants demands careful planning and execution.
5. How does post-conflict stabilization factor into MOUT operations? Post-conflict stabilization is a crucial phase, requiring cooperation with civilian authorities and humanitarian organizations to restore order, rebuild infrastructure, and provide essential services to the affected population.
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) United States. Department of the Army, 1979 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain MOUT army, 2008-01-01 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Soldiers in Cities Michael Charles Desch, 2001 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: McWp 3-35.3 - Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (Mout) U. S. Marine Corps, 2015-02-01 This manual provides guidance for the organization, planning, and conduct of the full range of military operations on urbanized terrain. This publication was prepared primarily for commanders, staffs, and subordinate leaders down to the squad and fire team level. It is written from a Marine air-ground task force perspective, with emphasis on the ground combat element as the most likely supported element in that environment. It provides the level of detailed information that supports the complexities of planning, preparing for, and executing small-unit combat operations on urbanized terrain. It also provides historical and environmental information that supports planning and training for combat in built-up areas |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Selected Training Practices for Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) Robert H. Sulzen, 1997 The Army and Marine Corps both consider Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) to be a central part of future training and together have a joint MOUT Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) underway. Training facilities for military and law enforcement agencies include firing ranges, mock towns or villages, and shoot houses. Makeshift facilities for dry fire drills include engineer tape staked out on the ground and rooms in any building available. Training in Close Quarter Combat (CQC) is offered in Army and Marine Corps training courses. Training time was mostly allocated to live fire and live simulation. Team dry fire drills were often extensively practiced before team live fire, but considered as a part of the safety training required as a part of live firing. Before team live fire training, Army units usually conduct individual marksmanship training. In many cases, standards were set for individual qualification before soldiers could participate in team live fire. Live simulation was both with the multiple integrated laser engagement system (MILES) and Simunition. Law enforcement agencies (including Military Police) and Marines were more likely to use Simunition. Those using Simunition who also had experience with MILES preferred Simunition for live simulation training.--DITC. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain United States. Marine Corps, 1998 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Enemy Inside The Gates: Snipers In Support Of Military Operations In Urbanized Terrain Lt.-Colonel Jeffery E. Dearolph USMC, 2014-08-15 As the world’s urban areas continue to increase in size the possibility of U. S. forces conducting military operations in urbanized terrain also increases. However, the weapon systems the U. S. procures and employs obtain maximum effectiveness in open terrain. These weapons prove less capable in urban terrain since their standoff and precision advantages suffer degradation due to buildings and the fleeting nature of enemy personnel. U. S. weaponry also causes a large amount of collateral damage that may also result in civilian casualties, which proves politically unacceptable. Potential adversaries of the U. S. realize these limitations and present a target set that proves difficult to locate and engage. The target set the enemy uses in urban terrain consists of enemy combatants mixing with non-combatants, enemy snipers, and special purpose teams... Assets the U. S. possesses that can engage elements of the enemy’s urban target set include U. S. Army and Marine Corps snipers. However, a determination on whether more snipers will effectively defeat the target set requires consideration... This monograph analyzes the contemporary operating environment to articulate the enemy’s urban target set. Next, a review of current U. S. Army and Marine Corps sniping doctrine, organization and training establishes the foundation for presenting the sniper’s capability to defeat the urban target set. In order to provide a balanced argument, other possible solutions to engaging and defeating the target set receive consideration... Research shows that the sniper company, organized at the division level, achieves the desired effect of increasing the density of sniper teams on the urban battlefield. The costs associated with the sniper company prove acceptable, as it requires minimal expenditure concerning personnel and equipment. The division sniper company will effectively counter the enemy’s urban target set without causing non-combatant casualties. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: MCRP 12-10B. 1 (Formerly MCWP 3-35. 3) Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) United States United States Marine Corps, 2020-05-10 Marine Corps Reference Publication MCRP 12-10B.1 (Formerly MCWP 3-35.3) Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) 2 May 2016 Introduction 1. PURPOSE Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 3-35.3, Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT), provides doctrinal guidance and detailed information on tactics, techniques, and procedures to be employed in MOUT within the operating forces. 2. SCOPE This manual provides guidance for the organization, planning, and conduct of the full range of military operations on urbanized terrain. This publication was prepared primarily for commanders, staffs, and subordinate leaders down to the squad and fire team level. It is written from a Marine air-ground task force perspective, with emphasis on the ground combat element as the most likely supported element in that environment. It provides the level of detailed information that supports the complexities of planning, preparing for, and executing small-unit combat operations on urbanized terrain. It also provides historical and environmental information that supports planning and training for combat in built-up areas. 3. SUPERSESSION Operational Handbook (OH) 8-7, Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT), dated November 1980. Notice: This is a Paperback book version of the MCRP 12-10B.1 (Formerly MCWP 3-35.3) Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) 2 May 2016. Full version, All Chapters included. This publication is available (Electronic version) in the official website of the United states DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY. This document is properly formatted. * The version of this publication is as described above (this article is updated after each new edition). Disclaimer: The use or appearance of United States Department of Army publications, text, images or logos, Seals on a non-DoD website does not imply or constitute endorsement of the distribution service. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Soldiers in Cities: Military Operations on Urban Terrain , |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Storming the City Alec Wahlman, 2015-10-15 In an increasingly urbanized world, urban terrain has become a greater factor in military operations. Simultaneously, advances in military technology have given military forces sharply increased capabilities. The conflict comes from how urban terrain can negate or degrade many of those increased capabilities. What happens when advanced weapons are used in a close-range urban fight with an abundance of cover? Storming the City explores these issues by analyzing the performance of the US Army and US Marine Corps in urban combat in four major urban battles of the mid-twentieth century (Aachen 1944, Manila 1945, Seoul 1950, and Hue 1968). Alec Wahlman assesses each battle using a similar framework of capability categories, and separate chapters address urban warfare in American military thought. In the four battles, across a wide range of conditions, American forces were ultimately successful in capturing each city because of two factors: transferable competence and battlefield adaptation. The preparations US forces made for warfare writ large proved generally applicable to urban warfare. Battlefield adaptation, a strong suit of American forces, filled in where those overall preparations for combat needed fine tuning. From World War Two to Vietnam, however, there was a gradual reduction in tactical performance in the four battles. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Soldiers in Cities Strategic Studies Institute, Michael C. Desch, 2014-07-23 This compendium is the result of a conference on Military Operations in an Urban Environment cosponsored by the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce in conjunction with the Kentucky Commission on Military Affairs, the U.S. Army War College, and the Association of the United States Army. At the time of the conference, the concept of homeland defense was emerging as an increasingly important mission for the U.S. military. Now this mission has catapulted to prominence with the attacks of September 11 and the appointment of a Director of Homeland Defense-a Cabinet-level position. The authors of the chapters examine the ongoing doctrinal thinking, draw historical comparisons, and discuss the thoughts of those attending the conference-experts from the military, government civilian agencies, academia, think tanks, and the defense industry-regarding unconventional warfare. Collectively, they provide a comprehensive report on critical factors that the U.S. military soon may face. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Cognitive Requirements for Small Unit Leaders in Military Operations in Urban Terrain , 1998 Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) create unique cognitive demands for small unit leaders, particularly platoon leaders. Years of experience are typically needed to master these demands. However, most platoon leaders tend to have limited experience in Army operations generally, and MOUT operations specifically. A cognitive task analysis, based on in depth interviews with subject matter experts (n=7), was conducted to expose the cognitive aspects of expertise existing within one important MOUT task, building clearing operations. From the perspective of platoon leaders, the cognitive demands of this task were defined within the context of decision requirement tables. Decision requirements detail critical decisions and judgments, the reasons why they can be difficult to make, cues and factors that influence decision making, and rules and strategies employed in the decision making process. The findings of the cognitive task analysis guided the development of training recommendations, particularly the need for a scenario based MOUT training program aimed at improving platoon leader expertise through practice in decision making.--Stinet. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Soldiers in Cities Michael Charles Desch, 2001 In the past half-century, the classic military conflict of armies maneuvering in the field has been replaced by conflicts that center on, rather than avoid, heavily populated areas. Modern military conflict more frequently is not just a fight to control villages or cities, but a variation on the timeless wish to control populations and the hearts of nations. The hardware and mass orientation of the levee en masse and industrial-age armies is being replaced by sophisticated terrorists, information warfare, and the politics of mass persuasion. These are reshaping the face of warfare. This book focuses on identifying the lessons of previous military operations--from combat to humanitarian operations--which will be useful to the U.S. military in the future in conducting operations in urban areas abroad and at home. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Complex Terrain Benjamin M. Jensen, Henrik Breitenbauch, Brandon Valeriano, 2019 This book explores military operations, including indirect support to other interagency actors and functions in dense urban terrain and megacities. Dense urban terrain describes urban areas with high population densities that, in the developing world, often outstrip the capacity of local governance systems to exert formal control. The term megacity describes a city with a population of 10 million or more. These environments define patterns of human settlement. In 1950, only 30 percent of the world's population lived in cities compared to more than 55 percent in 2018. Much of this growth is concentrated in large, urban centers that connect a global flow of goods and ideas. By 2030, there will be more than 40 of these megacities-- |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Breaking the Mold Kendall D. Gott, 2006 Few lessons are as prevalent in military history as is the adage that tanks don't perform well in cities. The notion of deliberately committing tanks to urban combat is anathema to most. In Breaking the Mold: Tanks in the Cities, Ken Gott disproves that notion with a timely series of five case studies from World War II to the present war in Iraq. This is not a parochial or triumphant study. These cases demonstrate that tanks must do more than merely arrive on the battlefield to be successful in urban combat. From Aachen in 1944 to Fallujah in 2004, the absolute need for specialized training and the use of combined arms at the lowest tactical levels are two of the most salient lessons that emerge from this study. When properly employed, well-trained and well-supported units led by tanks are decisive in urban combat. The reverse also is true. Chechen rebels taught the Russian army and the world a brutal lesson in Grozny about what happens when armored units are poorly led, poorly trained, and cavalierly employed in a city. The case studies in this monograph are high-intensity battles in conflicts ranging from limited interventions to major combat operations. It would be wrong to use them to argue for the use of tanks in every urban situation. As the intensity of the operation decreases, the 2nd and 3rd order effects of using tanks in cities can begin to outweigh their utility. The damage to infrastructure caused by their sheer weight and size is just one example of what can make tanks unsuitable for every mission. Even during peace operations, however, the ability to employ tanks and other heavy armored vehicles can be crucial. Breaking the Mold provides an up-to-date analysis of the utility of tanks and heavy armored forces in urban combat. The U.S. Army will increasingly conduct combat operations in urban terrain, and it will be necessary to understand what it takes to employ tanks to achieve success in that battlefield environment. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Urban Operations Department of the Army, 2014-03-28 Doctrine provides a military organization with a common philosophy, a language, a purpose, and unity of effort. Rather than establishing a set of hard and fast rules, the objective of doctrine is to foster initiative and creative thinking. To this end, FM 3-06 discusses major Army operations in an urban environment. This environment, consisting of complex terrain, a concentrated population, and an infrastructure of systems, is an operational environment in which Army forces will operate. In the future, it may be the predominant operational environment. Each urban operation is unique and will differ because of the multitude of combinations presented by the threat, the urban area itself, the major operation of which it may be part (or the focus), and the fluidity of societal and geopolitical considerations. Therefore, there will always exist an innate tension between Army doctrine, the actual context of the urban operation, and future realities. Commanders must strike the proper balance between maintaining the capability to respond to current threats and preparing for future challenges. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Block by Block William Glenn Robertson, Lawrence A. Yates, 2003 First published by the Combat Studies Institute Press. The resulting anthology begins with a general overview of urban operations from ancient times to the midpoint of the twentieth century. It then details ten specific case studies of U.S., German, and Japanese operations in cities during World War II and ends with more recent Russian attempts to subdue Chechen fighters in Grozny and the Serbian siege of Sarajevo. Operations range across the spectrum from combat to humanitarian and disaster relief. Each chapter contains a narrative account of a designated operation, identifying and analyzing the lessons that remain relevant today. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Marine Corps Reference Publication Mcrp 12-10b.1 Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain 2 May 2016 United States Government Us Marine Corps, 2017-02-13 Marine Corps Reference Publication MCRP 12-10B.1 (Formerly MCWP 3-35.3) Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) 2 May 2016 This manual provides guidance for the organization, planning, and conduct of the full range of military operations on urbanized terrain. This publication was prepared primarily for commanders, staffs, and subordinate leaders down to the squad and fire team level. It is written from a Marine air-ground task force perspective, with emphasis on the ground combat element as the most likely supported element in that environment. It provides the level of detailed information that supports the complexities of planning, preparing for, and executing small-unit combat operations on urbanized terrain. It also provides historical and environmental information that supports planning and training for combat in built-up areas. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: U.S. Army Special Forces Guide to Unconventional Warfare U.S. Department of the Army, 2011-03 With fiercely detailed information and visuals provided by the U.S. Army, U.S. Army Special Forces Guide to Unconventional Warfare is meant for experienced soldiers and novices alike. With this guide, you will be able to apply its material to understand and create initiators, igniters, and incendiary materials. The vast table of contents includes coverage on napalm, gelled gasoline, fire fudge, silver nitrate, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuse cords, delay mechanisms, and spontaneous combustion. Filled with special forces secrets, U.S. Guide to Unconventional Warfare is an invaluable tool for any provocateur-in-training and an invitation to look at how our special forces are fighting our enemies overseas. Skyhorse Publishing is proud to publish a range of books for readers interested in military tactics and skills. We publish content provided by or of interest to the U.S. Army, Army Rangers, the U.S. Navy, Navy SEALs, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the Department of Defense. Our books cover topics such as survival, emergency medicine, weapons, guns, weapons systems, hand-to-hand combat, and more. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller or a national bestseller, we are committed to publishing books on subjects that are sometimes overlooked by other publishers and to authors whose work might not otherwise find a home. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: The Art of Darkness Scott Gerwehr, Russell W. Glenn, 2000 This research was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the relationship between deception and the urban environment, first to explore the power of deception when employed against U.S. forces in urban operations, and second to evaluate the potential value of deception when used by U.S. forces in urban operations. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Attack Helicopter Operations In Urban Terrain Major Timothy A. Jones, 2014-08-15 Today’s Army faces an environment much different from that which it prepared for in the Cold War. Massed armor battles on the plains of Europe, for which the Army was trained and equipped, have become much less likely while involvement in smaller and more limited conflict has become more probable. Future conflict is more likely to resemble Grenada, Panama, or Somalia than Desert Storm. As world demographics shift from rural to urban areas, the cities will increasingly become areas of potential conflict. They cannot be avoided as a likely battlefield, and have already played a prominent part in Army combat operations in the last decade. If the Army is to keep pace in this changing environment it must look to the cities when developing doctrine, technology, and force structure. The close battlefield of Mogadishu or Panama City is much different from the premier training areas of the National Training Center or Hohenfels. Yet aviators have been presented the dilemma of training for the latter environment and being deployed to the former. For most aviators facing urban combat, it is a matter of learning as they fight. To avoid the high casualties and collateral damage likely in an urban fight against a determined opponent, however. Army aviation must train and prepare before they fight. Attack helicopters are inextricably woven into the fabric of combined arms operations. But for the Army to operate effectively as a combined arms team in an urban environment, both aviators and the ground units they support must understand the capabilities and limitations attack helicopters bring to the battle. This paper presents an historical perspective of how attack helicopters have already been used in this environment. It also discusses the factors that make city fighting unique, and the advantages and disadvantages for attack helicopter employment in an urban environment, as well as implications for future urban conflicts. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: The Evolution of US Army Tactical Doctrine, 1946-76 Robert A. Doughty, 1979 This paper focuses on the formulation of doctrine since World War II. In no comparable period in history have the dimensions of the battlefield been so altered by rapid technological changes. The need for the tactical doctrines of the Army to remain correspondingly abreast of these changes is thus more pressing than ever before. Future conflicts are not likely to develop in the leisurely fashions of the past where tactical doctrines could be refined on the battlefield itself. It is, therefore, imperative that we apprehend future problems with as much accuracy as possible. One means of doing so is to pay particular attention to the business of how the Army's doctrine has developed historically, with a view to improving methods of future development. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Language Planning and National Development William Fierman, 2011-05-02 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Urban Warfare in the Twenty-First Century Anthony King, 2021-07-07 Warfare has migrated into cities. From Mosul to Mumbai, Aleppo to Marawi, the major military battles of the twenty-first century have taken place in densely populated urban areas. Why has this happened? What are the defining characteristics of urban warfare today? What are its military and political implications? Leading sociologist Anthony King answers these critical questions through close analysis of recent urban battles and their historical antecedents. Exploring the changing typography and evolving tactics of the urban battlescape, he shows that although not all methods used in urban warfare are new, operations in cities today have become highly distinctive. Urban warfare has coalesced into gruelling micro-sieges, which extend from street level – and below – to the airspace high above the city, as combatants fight for individual buildings, streets and districts. At the same time, digitalized social media and information networks communicate these battles to global audiences across an urban archipelago, with these spectators often becoming active participants in the fight. A timely reminder of the costs and the horror of war and violence in cities, this book offers an invaluable interdisciplinary introduction to urban warfare in the new millennium for students of international security, urban studies and military science, as well as military professionals. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Joint Urban Operations Joint Chiefs Of Staff, Office of the Secretary of Defense, U. S. Department of Defense, 2013-11 This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: War in the Streets Michael Dewar, 1992 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Soldiers in Cities Michael Charles Desch, 2001 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Urban Operations, Untrained On Terrain Major Paul S. Burton, 2015-11-06 This thesis traces the development of urban operations from World War II to the present to examine the evolution of doctrine, training, organization, and equipment. Four specific operations/battles are examined, including Stalingrad in World War II on the eastern front, Belfast in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present, Beirut in Lebanon in 1982, and an illustrative future model in Seoul in Korea in 2012. The historical examples are compared to the U.S. scenario in Seoul, Korea, in 2012 to determine similarities and differences. Future lessons learned are extrapolated from these similarities and differences. The study concludes that the U.S. Army has weaknesses in doctrine, training, organization, and equipment in war and military operations other than war at the tactical and operational levels. This study recommends an updated, integrated doctrine, a training facility and training plans at the unit level, a more flexible organization, and procurement of new equipment. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Deep Maneuver Jack D Kern Editor, Jack Kern, 2018-10-12 Volume 5, Deep Maneuver: Historical Case Studies of Maneuver in Large-Scale Combat Operations, presents eleven case studies from World War II through Operation Iraqi Freedom focusing on deep maneuver in terms of time, space and purpose. Deep operations require boldness and audacity, and yet carry an element of risk of overextension - especially in light of the independent factors of geography and weather that are ever-present. As a result, the case studies address not only successes, but also failure and shortfalls that result when conducting deep operations. The final two chapters address these considerations for future Deep Maneuver. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Joint Military Operations in Urban Terrain Dept. of Defense, 2009-01-01 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: From Seige to Surgical U S Army Command and General Staff Coll, 2015-12-12 This book investigates what effect the evolution of urban combat from World War II to the present has had on current urban combat doctrine. Urban combat operations have played a pivotal role in the conflicts of the twentieth century, and will continue to be a crucial part of future U.S. power projection operations. It is imperative that lessons learned from previous urban combat operations be studied for applicability to current doctrine. The study analyzes the battles of Aachen, Manila, Seoul, Hue, JUST CAUSE, and Mogadishu to identify salient lessons for conducting successful offensive urban combat operations; then reviews current U.S. Army urban combat doctrine. The study then evaluates current doctrine using identified salient lessons to determine their effect. The study finds that the primary impacts of previous urban combat operations on current doctrine are that doctrine now embraces the idea of varied conditions for urban combat and validates the concept of fighting as a combined arms team in a built-up area. The study further finds that FM 90-10, Military Operations on Urban Terrain is obsolete, and that key procurement decisions have left U.S. forces without critical weapons that have proven decisive in urban combat. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Military Review , 1984 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Quarterly Review of Military Literature , 1984 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: From Siege to Surgical: Major William T. James Jr., 2015-11-06 This study investigates what effect the evolution of urban combat from World War II to the present has had on current urban combat doctrine. Urban combat operations have played a pivotal role in the conflicts of the twentieth century, and will continue to be a crucial part of future U.S. power projection operations. It is imperative that lessons learned from previous urban combat operations be studied for applicability to current urban combat doctrine. The study analyzes the urban battles of Aachen, Manila, Seoul, Hue, JUST CAUSE, and Mogadishu to identify salient lessons for conducting successful offensive urban combat operations; then reviews current U.S. Army urban combat doctrine. The study then evaluates current doctrine using identified salient lessons to determine their effect. The study finds that the primary impacts of previous urban combat operations on current doctrine are that doctrine now embraces the idea of varied conditions for urban combat and validates the concept of fighting as a combined arms team in a built-up area. The study further finds that FM 90-10, Military Operations on Urban Terrain is obsolete, and that key procurement decisions have left U.S. forces without critical weapons that have proven decisive in urban combat. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Professional Journal of the United States Army , 1978-07 |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Street Smart Jamison Jo Medby, Russell W. Glenn, 2002-10-16 Intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB), the Army's traditional methodology for finding and analyzing relevant information for its operations, is not effective for tackling the operational and intelligence challenges of urban operations. The authors suggest new ways to categorize the complex terrain, infrastructure, and populations of urban environments and incorporate this information into Army planning and decisionmaking processes. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Warfighting Department of the Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, 2018-10 The manual describes the general strategy for the U.S. Marines but it is beneficial for not only every Marine to read but concepts on leadership can be gathered to lead a business to a family. If you want to see what make Marines so effective this book is a good place to start. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Reimagining the Character of Urban Operations for the U.S. Army Gian Gentile, David E. Johnson, Lisa Saum-Manning, 2017 Provides a historical analysis of how militaries have deployed light and mechanized infantry with armored forces during close urban combat, to identify the comparative advantages and costs of this warfighting approach and lessons learned. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Steeling the Mind Todd C. Helmus, Russell W. Glenn, 2005-06-15 Combat stress casualties are not necessarily higher in city operations than operations on other types of terrain. Commanders and NCOs need to have the skills to treat and prevent stress casualties and understand their implications for urban operations. The authors review the known precipitants of combat stress reaction, its battlefield treatment, and the preventive steps commanders can take to limit its extent and severity. |
| military operations on urbanized terrain: Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Army Science and Technology, Committee on Army Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology, 2003-02-01 Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) are expected to play a key role in the Army's Objective Force structure. These UGVs would be used for weapons platforms, logistics carriers, and reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition among other things. To examine aspects of the Army's UGV program, assess technology readiness, and identify key issues in implementing UGV systems, among other questions, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study of UGV technologies. This report discusses UGV operational requirements, current development efforts, and technology integration and roadmaps to the future. Key recommendations are presented addressing technical content, time lines, and milestones for the UGV efforts. |
URBAN OPERATIONS I: INTRODUCTION B4R5359X…
Feb 2, 2016 · such, in war, military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) require a dedicated and specific focus. The principles of maneuver warfare still apply, although require the addition of …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT)
A Concept for Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain 1001. Importance of Urban Areas. Throughout history, military planners have viewed cities as centers of gravity. As such, in war, …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT)
The acronym MOUT (Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain) classifies those military actions planned and conducted on a terrain complex where manmade construction impacts on the tactical …
MCWP 3-35.3, Military Operations on Urbanized T…
MCWP 3-35.3, Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) (excerpt) Section VI . Firing Positions Whether a unit is attacking, defending, or conducting retrograde operations, its …
TC 90-1 TRAINING FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS ON …
c. Surgical Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain. These operations are normally conducted by SOF. They include raids, recovery operations, rescues, and other special operations. …
TC 90-1 TRAINING FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS ON …
c. Surgical Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain. These operations are normally conducted by SOF. They include raids, recovery operations, rescues, and other special operations. …
FM 90-10 Military Operations on Urbanized T…
(Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain) classifies those military actions planned and conducted on a terrain complex where manmade construction impacts on the tactical options …
OPERATIONAL ART AND MJLITARY OPERATIONS O…
MILITARY OPERATIONS ON URBANIZED TERRAIN by Major Steven P. Goligowski, USA, 61 . pages. This monograph examines the contemporary environment of military operations on …
Combined Arms - DTIC
35.3 Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain provides doctrinal guidance and detailed information on TTPs. We assume that users of this X-File are familiar with this doctrine. Tips on the …
Armored Operations in Urban Environments: Anomaly or …
military operations on urbanized terrain (MOUT) as special cases. Thus, when circumstances forced mounted units to oper- ... Manual (FM) 90-10, Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT), …
URBAN OPERATIONS I: INTRODUCTION B4R5359X…
such, in war, military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) require a dedicated and specific focus. The principles of maneuver warfare still apply, although require the addition of unique planning …
INTRODUCTION TO URBAN OPERATIONS W4N0001XQ …
such, in war, military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) require a dedicated and specific focus. The principles of maneuver warfare still apply, although require the addition of unique planning …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT)
A Concept for Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain 1001. Importance of Urban Areas. Throughout history, military planners have viewed cities as centers of gravity. As such, in war, …
MILITARY OPERATIONS IN URBAN TERRAIN (MOUT) F…
MILITARY OPERATIONS IN URBAN TERRAIN (MOUT) FACILITY SOP FACILITY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION Description: 16 single and multi-level structures with a tunnel network and a …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain Table of …
Distinguishing Features of Urbanized Terrain 1-2 1004. Modern Battles for Urbanized Terrain 1-8 1005. Modern Urban Battle Analysis and Observations 1-12 ... Section I. Military Operations …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT)
A Concept for Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain 1001. Importance of Urban Areas. Throughout history, military planners have viewed cities as centers of gravity. As such, in war, …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain A - 3 Sec…
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain A - 5. Immediately after target engagement, the Marine scans for additional targets. To scan, perform the following steps: (1) Lower the weapon …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT)
A Concept for Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain 1001. Importance of Urban Areas. Throughout history, military planners have viewed cities as centers of gravity. As such, in war, …
Subterranean Operations and Operational Art - DTIC
Jun 24, 2018 · 10B.1, Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2016), Appendix E. 2 : military commanders to defeat asymmetric …
Aachen: Offensive, Deliberate Attack, MOUT (Military Oper…
history, case studies, military operations, tactical analysis, battles, military tacLics, tactical warfare, antitank warfare, armor, artillery, infautry. Free ... is an excellent …
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Headquarters United State…
Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 3-35.3, Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT), provides doctrinal guidance and detailed information on tactics, techniques, …
INTERNET DOCUMENT INFORMATION FORM - DTIC
in Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) A Review of Doctrinal Literature Edited by MAJ James E. Hutton, Military Analyst, Center for Army Lessons Learned Introduction The …
SIMULATION - ResearchGate
the bots in military operations on urbanized terrain (MOUT) simulations.Their framework is designed to be flexible, extensible, integrable, and independent of simulation platforms. …
Behavior representation and simulation for Military Oper…
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) Shen, Zhuoqian 2006 Shen, Z. (2006). Behavior representation and simulation for Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT). Master’s …
Military operations in urban areas - International Revie…
characteristics as a military environment, and the concomitant risks. We shall then go on to examine the military consequences, both technical and tactical, of fighting in and around …
APPENDIX J MORTAR OPERATIONS ON URBANIZE…
ortars are valuable in providing indirect fire support during military operations on urbanized terrain. Indirect fire by FA has often been unavailable to infantrymen ... (For further details o n ...
Combined Arms in Battle Since 1939 - Army Universi…
Unified operatians (Military science)-History-20 century. 2. United States-History, Military--2Qth century. 3. Military history, Modern-20th century. I. Spiller, Roger J. ... Military Operations …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain A - 41 Se…
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain A - 45. c. A chimney or other protruding structure provides a base from which a sniper position can be prepared. Part of the roofing material is removed to …
SOLDIERS IN CITIES: MILITARY OPERATIONS ON …
Despite ambivalence about military operations on urban terrain (MOUT) among some senior military officers and high-level civilian policymakers, there is a growing recognition that urban …
TC 90-1 TRAINING FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS ON …
c. Surgical Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain. These operations are normally conducted by SOF. They include raids, recovery operations, rescues, and other special operations. …
Military Operations On Urbanized Terrain (PDF)
Military operations on urbanized terrain are inherently complex and demanding, requiring specialized training, equipment, and strategic planning. Understanding the unique challenges presented by …
Commander’s Tactical Handbook - Marines.mil
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Headquarters United States Marine Corps Washington, D.C. 20350-3000 4 April 2018 CHANGE 1 to MCRP 3-30.7 Commander’s Tactical Handbook
Current MOUT Doctrine Enhanced by Elements of O…
upon to conduct military operations on urbanized terrain. While the likelihood of U.S. forces conducting military operations on urbanized terrain is increasing, the ability of outdated …
Running head: Military Operations on Urbanize Ter…
Military Operations on Urbanize Terrain 7 The fundamental of defensive operations affects how units functions on the battlefield. Knowledge of the enemy will yield many advantages for …
FUTURE COMBAT IN URBAN TERRAIN: IS FM 90-10 STI…
The latest edition of US Army Field Manual (FM) 90-10, Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain fMOUTl was published in 1979. A number of critics have charged that the manual is out …
Contesting Key Terrain: Urban Conflict in Smart Citi…
complexities to future military operations. This article explores not only the implications these technologies will present to future military planners, but also pro-poses a framework for …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain A - 21 c.
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain A - 21. Figure A-25. Lower Level Entry Techniques (Continued) Figure A-25. Lower Level Entry Techniques (Continued) A - 22 MCWP 3-35.3. 18. …
URBAN OPERATIONS TRAINING SYSTEM - Lockh…
Lockheed Martin’s adaptive Urban Operations Training System (UOTS) prepares Warfighters to engage in the ... Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) training systems, mobile …
Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) - DTIC
Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) - MOUT is defined as all military actions that are planned and conducted on terrain where man-made construction affects the tactical …
Enemy Inside the Gates: Snipers in Support of Milita…
ENEMY INSIDE THE GATES: SNIPERS IN SUPPORT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS IN URBANIZED TERRAIN by Lieutenant Colonel Jeffery E. Dearolph, USMC, 48 pages. As the world’s urban areas …
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain Table of …
A Concept for Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain 1001. Importance of Urban Areas. Throughout history, military planners have viewed cities as centers of gravity. As such, in war, …
SOLDIERS IN CITIES: MILITARY OPERATIONS ON …
Despite ambivalence about military operations on urban terrain (MOUT) among some senior military officers and high-level civilian policymakers, there is a growing recognition that urban …
THE URBAN WARRIOR: WHAT ARE THE DISMOUNTED INF…
The topic of this thesis is Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT). Specifically, certain essential skills for the dismounted infantry soldier are lacking in today's training, …
URBAN OPERATIONS I INTRODUCTION B4R5359 S…
B4R5359 Introduction to Urban Operations 4 Basic Officer Course . As you can see from this list, over the last six decades, urban operations have been an extremely important aspect of …
MILITARY OPERATIONS ON URBANIZED TERRAIN: A ST…
TITLE: MILITARY OPERATIONS ON URBANIZED TERRAIN: A STRATEGIC READINESS CHALLENGE FORMAT: Strategy Research Project DATE: 7 April 1999 PAGES: 41 CLASSIFICATION: …
Metz: Offensive, Deliberate Attack, MOUT (Military Oper…
History, case studies, military operations, tactical analysis, battles, military tactics, tactical warfare, antitank warfare, armor, artillery, infantry, tactica air support. Free …
WARFIGHTING IN URBANIZED COASTAL TERR…
Apr 11, 2022 · MCRP 12-10B.1: Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT). Washington, D.C. 2 . Philippines, Vietnam, and the entirety of Taiwan are near or within the PRC’s territorial …
FY2017 MILITARY CONSTRUCTION PROGRA…
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) will provides new concrete framed structures with concrete floors and roofs as simulated buildings of various building archetypes (e.g., …
Current MOUT Doctrine And Its Adequacy For Today's A…
learned from recent operations in urbanized terrain, and (3) changes in U.S. military strategy and technology. The world has changed in many ways since 1979. The most notable change in …
