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Focus on Grammar 4: Mastering the Nuances of English
Are you ready to elevate your writing from good to exceptional? This comprehensive guide, "Focus on Grammar 4," delves into the often-overlooked nuances of English grammar, helping you refine your skills and achieve greater clarity and precision in your communication. We'll move beyond the basics, exploring advanced grammatical concepts that will significantly improve your writing and boost your confidence. Whether you're a student striving for academic excellence, a professional aiming to enhance your communication skills, or simply someone passionate about the English language, this post offers invaluable insights and practical exercises.
H2: Understanding Subject-Verb Agreement in Complex Sentences
One of the most common grammatical pitfalls, even for experienced writers, is subject-verb agreement in complex sentences. This involves correctly matching the verb with its subject, even when phrases or clauses intervene.
#### H3: Identifying the True Subject
The key is to identify the true subject of the verb. Don't be misled by intervening phrases! For example:
Incorrect: The box of chocolates, along with the flowers, were a delightful gift.
Correct: The box of chocolates, along with the flowers, was a delightful gift.
The subject is "box," a singular noun, requiring the singular verb "was." The intervening phrase "along with the flowers" is just descriptive.
#### H3: Compound Subjects and Verbs
Compound subjects, joined by "and," usually take a plural verb: "The cat and the dog play together." However, exceptions arise when the compound subject refers to a single entity: "Peanut butter and jelly is my favorite sandwich."
H2: Mastering the Art of Parallelism
Parallelism involves using similar grammatical structures to express related ideas. This creates a sense of balance and rhythm, making your writing more elegant and easier to understand.
#### H3: Recognizing Parallel Structures
Parallelism often involves lists or comparisons. Notice how the following sentence uses parallel structure effectively:
"She enjoys swimming, hiking, and cycling." (All are gerunds)
The following is incorrect due to a lack of parallelism:
"He is intelligent, hardworking, and has a great attitude." (Mixing adjectives and a verb phrase) The correct version would be "He is intelligent, hardworking, and positive." (All are adjectives).
#### H3: The Power of Parallelism in Persuasive Writing
Effective parallelism significantly enhances persuasive writing by reinforcing your message and making it more memorable. By consistently employing parallel structure, you create a harmonious flow that guides the reader through your arguments.
H2: Mastering the Use of Modifiers
Modifiers—words, phrases, or clauses that add detail to a sentence—can enhance your writing or create confusion if misused.
#### H3: Avoiding Dangling Modifiers
A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that doesn't clearly modify any specific word in the sentence. For example:
Incorrect: Running down the street, the car sped past. (Was the car running?)
Correct: Running down the street, I saw the car speed past.
The corrected sentence clearly shows that "I" was running.
#### H3: Misplaced Modifiers
A misplaced modifier is a modifier that is placed too far from the word it modifies, leading to ambiguity. For instance:
Incorrect: I saw a dog walking down the street wearing a red collar. (Was the street wearing the collar?)
Correct: Walking down the street, I saw a dog wearing a red collar.
H2: Punctuation Perfection: Beyond the Comma
While commas are crucial, mastering other punctuation marks like semicolons and colons adds sophistication to your writing.
#### H3: Effective Semicolon Use
Semicolons join two closely related independent clauses without using a conjunction. For example: "The storm raged; the trees swayed violently."
#### H3: The Art of the Colon
Colons introduce explanations, lists, or quotations. For example: "I need three things: patience, perseverance, and a good cup of coffee."
H2: Advanced Verb Tenses and Aspects
Going beyond the simple past, present, and future tenses, understanding perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect, future perfect) and progressive tenses (present progressive, past progressive, future progressive) provides a richer and more nuanced expression of time.
Conclusion
Focusing on grammar, especially beyond the basics, is an ongoing process. Mastering these advanced grammar points significantly improves clarity, precision, and the overall impact of your writing. Continuous practice and attention to detail are key to becoming a more confident and skilled writer. By dedicating time to refining your grammar skills, you'll unlock the potential to communicate your ideas with greater power and effectiveness.
FAQs
1. What's the difference between a restrictive and non-restrictive clause? A restrictive clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence and is not set off by commas (e.g., "The book that I borrowed is overdue"). A non-restrictive clause adds extra information but isn't essential and is set off by commas (e.g., "My car, which is ten years old, still runs well").
2. How can I improve my grammar skills quickly? Consistent practice is crucial. Read widely, pay attention to grammar in your reading, and actively seek feedback on your writing.
3. Are there any online resources to help with grammar? Yes! Many websites and apps offer grammar lessons, exercises, and quizzes.
4. What are some common grammar mistakes to avoid? Subject-verb disagreement, dangling modifiers, misplaced modifiers, and incorrect pronoun usage are frequent pitfalls.
5. How can I apply these advanced grammar concepts in my professional writing? By focusing on clarity, precision, and parallelism, you can create professional documents that are easy to understand and leave a positive impression.
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2005-07 With a fresh new design and a host of updated exercises and activities, the popular Focus on Grammar series is more practical and accessible than ever. Known for its focus on English grammar through contextualized listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities, this lively integrated skills course helps students bridge the gap between comprehending grammatical structures and actually using them. Centered on thematic instruction, Focus on Grammar combines controlled and communicative practice in a consistent approach that's a proven success among students at all levels. Each unit progresses through four steps: Grammar in Context, Grammar Presentation, Focused Practice, and Communication Practice, using a unique format that makes the program easy for students to understand - and for teachers to implement. Each Student Book features: Clear presentations and charts that make grammar easy to learn. Creative activities that stimulate communication. New high-interest readings that are rich in content. From Grammar to Writing sections that build composition skills. Review Tests to confirm progress and improve scores on standardized tests. New Internet activities for individual, pair, or group work. Other Components (Available Separately): Workbook offers a wealth of additional exercises. Audio CD provides opportunities for both task-based and extended listening. CD-ROM software features contextualized, interactive activities for listening, reading, and writing practice. Teacher's Manual includes numerous teaching tips, audioscripts for all recorded exercises, and a CD-ROM with PowerPoint presentations and blackline masters. Also includes Student Book Answer Key. New Assessment Package for each lever features placement, diagnostic, and achievement tests; general proficiency tests; audio CD with scripts; and test-generating software with thousands of items to create class-appropriate tests. Transparencies of all grammar charts in the Student Books help instructors point out important patterns and structures. Test-generating CD-ROM allows teachers to create and customize tests quickly and easily, and is available alone or in the Assessment Package. Companion Website provides students with grammar practice in new contexts through web-based exercises. For online work, see Focus on Grammar Interactive 1. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 4 Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2011-08-22 An integrated skills approach--P. [4] of cover. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2012-01-04 This Value Pack consists of two items: Focus on Grammar 4 Student Book with MyEnglishLab (catalog price $54.98) Focus on Grammar 4 Workbook ($22.99) If you bought these items separately, you would pay $77.97. The special Value Pack price is only $64.99 (nearly $13.00 in savings!). ¿ Focus on Grammar maintains the proven pedagogy that makes it the most popular contextualized grammar series worldwide. Its unique four-step approach takes students from context to communication -- blending content, reading, writing, listening, speaking and critical thinking in a complete program, and preparing students to understand and use English more effectively. ¿ Centered on thematic instruction Focus on Grammar allows students to interact with grammar in realistic contexts and moves them beyond controlled practice to authentic communication. ¿ New features include: Updated high-interest readings in multiple genres that expose students to the form, meaning, and use of grammar in natural contexts. Key vocabulary is taught, practiced, and recycled throughout each unit, to ensure acquisition. Fully redesigned grammar charts and notes that provide greater clarity. Explicit pronunciation activities to improve fluency and accuracy. Expanded listening tasks allow students to develop a range of listening skills. Flexible, ongoing assessment -- including unit reviews, diagnostic and achievement tests, and test-generating software -- allows students to monitor their own progress and teachers to track students' mastery. (Test and test-generating software available in the Teacher's Resource Pack, available separately.) MyEnglishLab: Focus on Grammar, an easy-to-use online learning and assessment program, offers online homework and individualized instruction anywhere, anytime. Allows teachers to assign extra practice, organize homework, and track students' progress using a flexible gradebook. Includes hundreds of new automatically graded activities and assessments that support and go beyond the material in the Student Book. MyEnglishLab: Focus on Grammar, includes the complete Student Book listening program as well. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2000-01 |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 1 Irene Schoenberg, Jay Maurer, 2011 Through controlled and communicative exercises this text helps students to bridge the gap between identifying grammatical structures and using them. Each unit progresses through four steps: grammar in context, grammar presentation, focused practice and communication practice. Includes circling, matching, filling-in-the-blank, underlining, correcting, completion, short answer and writing exercises. |
| focus on grammar 4: The Roman Predicament Harold James, 2006 Publisher description |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar, Intermediate, Teacher's Manual and CD-ROM Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, Silvia Carolina Tiberio, Miriam Westheimer, 2006 The Teacher's Manual contains a variety of suggestions and information to enrich the material in the Student Book. It includes general teaching suggestions for each section of a typical unit, answers to frequently asked questions, unit-by-unit teaching tips with ideas for further communicative practice, and a supplementary listening activity section. Answers to the Student Book exercises and audioscripts of the listening activities are found at the back of the Teacher's Manual. Also included in the Teacher's Manual is a CD-ROM that includes PowerPoint presentations that offer alternative ways of presenting selected grammar structures. Focus on Grammar helps students understand and practice English grammar through contextualized listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Focus on Grammar combines controlled and communicative practice with critical thinking skills and ongoing assessment. |
| focus on grammar 4: Value Pack Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2011-08-11 An integrated skills approach--P. [4] of cover. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2005-11 Focus on Grammar helps students understand and practice English grammar through contextualized listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Focus on Grammar combines controlled and communicative practice with critical thinking skills and ongoing assessment. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Fuchs & Bonner, Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2005-11-01 |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2017 |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar and Meaning Luciana C. de Oliverira, Mary J. Schaleppegrell, 2016-06-28 Focus on Grammar and Meaning explores how to teach grammar effectively to second or foreign language learners aged 5–18. It provides teachers with research insights that will help them to reflect on their classroom practice and enable them to experiment with different ways of teaching grammar. Taking a ‘systemic-functional’ approach, the authors emphasize the importance of linking language and meaning in teaching. Key research studies on grammar instruction are featured, examples from real classroom practice are examined, and activities are provided to help teachers relate the content to their own teaching context. Additional online resources at www.oup.com/elt/teacher/fogm Luciana C. de Oliveira is Associate Professor of TESOL and Applied Linguistics at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. Mary J. Schleppegrell is Professor of Education at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. |
| focus on grammar 4: The Handy English Grammar Answer Book Christine A. Hult, 2015-08-17 Researching, writing, and citing. Hiring, firing, and selling. Texting, blogging, and posting. Proper grammar and usage for every occasion is explored through nearly 500 answers to common questions on English grammar and language. The first, best place to turn for an overview of English grammar! Whether you are writing a term paper, a scientific article, a résumé, a business email, a text message, or presenting information in the social media, The Handy English Grammar Answer Book is an engaging guide to writing with clarity. It offers fundamental principles, grammar rules, and punctuation advice, as well as insights on writing for different occasions and audiences. From a brief history of the English language to the deconstruction—and explanation—of the different parts of a sentence, and from showing how to punctuate correctly to how to organize a well-argued essay, this easy-to-use reference answers nearly 500 questions and offers fun facts on the English language and its usage, including ... How did language begin? How did English become a language spoken worldwide? What is Middle English? How did Noah Webster affect the English language? What efforts have been made toward reforming spelling? Are there any language universals? What is an adverb? What is a compound sentence? What is a dialect? What is jargon? What is a noun? What is a split infinitive? What is passive voice and when should you avoid it? Why are English words so hard to spell? What is the i-before-e rule How do I use commas correctly in sentences? When should I use parentheses? How do I use capitalization on the Internet? When do I use “that” versus “which”? What types of dictionaries are there? How do I find the right level of formality in my writing style? What is a sentence fragment? What is a misused modifier? Should I use its or it's? What is academic writing? What is the difference between primary and secondary research? How do I respect copyright laws? How do I use materials ethically on my own websites? What is plagiarism and how do I avoid it? How do I plan a structure for my term paper? How do I write an outline? How do I avoid writer's block? What is considered good essay form? How do I write business emails? Should I include personal data in a résumé? What is “netiquette”? How do I write an effective blog? For speakers and writers of all ages and skill levels, The Handy English Grammar Answer Book brings you straightforward explanations, tips on avoiding and fixing grammatical mistakes, as well as numerous examples of good writing. This helpful book includes an appendix of model papers, letters, and sample writing for every occasion—from business or social communications to academic papers or Internet forums. Appendices on irregular verbs, idioms, homophones, prepositions, frequently misspelled words, wordy phrases, frequently confused word pairs, and other common mistakes bring a deeper understanding to readers. There is also a glossary of commonly used terms, a bibliography, and an index. |
| focus on grammar 4: Teaching Grammar in Second Language Classrooms Hossein Nassaji, Sandra S. Fotos, 2011-03-17 Recent SLA research recognizes the necessity of attention to grammar and demonstrates that form-focused instruction is especially effective when it is incorporated into a meaningful communicative context. Designed specifically for second-language teachers, this text identifies and explores the various options for integrating a focus on grammar and a focus on communication in classroom contexts and offers concrete examples of teaching activities for each option. Each chapter includes a description of the option, its theoretical and empirical background, examples of activities illustrating in a non-technical manner how it can be implemented in the classroom, questions for reflection, and a list of useful resources that teachers can consult for further information. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2005-11 Focus on Grammar helps students understand and practice English grammar through contextualized listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Focus on Grammar combines controlled and communicative practice with critical thinking skills and ongoing assessment. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 2 Workbook Eckstut, Samuela Eckstut-Didier, 2011-07-31 Part 1 with MyEnglishLab authored by Irene E. Schoenberg. |
| focus on grammar 4: Grammar and Punctuation Louis Fidge, 2011-03 A guide to grammar and punctuation, covering everything from verbs, nouns, adverbs, pronouns and much, much more. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus in Generative Grammar Michael S. Rochemont, 1986-01-01 The topic of this book is the notion of ‘focus’ and its linguistic characterization. The main thesis is that focus has a uniform grammatical identification only as a syntactic element with – in English at least – a certain systematic phonological interpretation and – presumably universally – a range of semantic interpretations. In broad respects, the framework within this investigation is conducted is that of Chomsky & Lasnik (1977) and the subsequent Government and Binding framework. After considering defining the location of prominence in a focused phrase in terms of constituent structure, the author argues that an argument structure approach to the focus phrase/prominence relation is more promising. This is then exemplified in analyses of cleft focus and constructional focus. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 5 Irene Schoenberg, Jay Maurer, 2011 An integrated skills approach--P. [4] of cover. |
| focus on grammar 4: Oxford Grammar for EAP Ken Paterson, Roberta Wedge, 2018-04-27 Put theory into practice with with exercises which test your knowledge and challenge your understanding |
| focus on grammar 4: Four Corners Level 2 Full Contact with Self-study CD-ROM Jack C. Richards, David Bohlke, 2011-09-05 A collection of twelve lessons that teach English language grammar, vocabulary, functional language, listening and pronunciation, reading and writing and speaking. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Marjorie Fuchs, 2012 |
| focus on grammar 4: The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation Bryan A. Garner, 2016-05-16 The authoritative guide to using the English language effectively, from “the greatest writer on grammar and usage that this country has ever produced” (David Yerkes, Columbia University). The author of The Chicago Manual of Style’s popular “Grammar and Usage” chapter, Bryan A. Garner is renowned for explaining the vagaries of English with absolute precision and utmost clarity. With The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation, he has written the definitive guide for writers who want their prose to be both memorable and correct. Garner describes standard literary English—the forms that mark writers and speakers as educated users of the language. He also offers historical context for understanding the development of these forms. The section on grammar explains how the canonical parts of speech came to be identified, while the section on syntax covers the nuances of sentence patterns as well as both traditional sentence diagramming and transformational grammar. The usage section provides an unprecedented trove of empirical evidence in the form of Google Ngrams, diagrams that illustrate the changing prevalence of specific terms over decades and even centuries of English literature. Garner also treats punctuation and word formation, and concludes the book with an exhaustive glossary of grammatical terms and a bibliography of suggested further reading and references. The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation is a magisterial work, the culmination of Garner’s lifelong study of the English language. The result is a landmark resource that will offer clear guidelines to students, writers, and editors alike. “[A manual] for those of us laboring to produce expository prose: nonfiction books, journalistic articles, memorandums, business letters. The conservatism of his advice pushes you to consider audience and occasion, so that you will understand when to follow convention and when you can safely break it.”—John E. McIntyre, Baltimore Sun |
| focus on grammar 4: REAL , 2009 |
| focus on grammar 4: English in Mind Level 4 Student's Book with DVD-ROM Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks, Peter Lewis-Jones, 2011-07-21 This second edition updates a course which has proven to be a perfect fit for classes the world over. Engaging content and a strong focus on grammar and vocabulary combine to make this course a hit with both teachers and students. Popular course features have been refreshed with new content, including the imaginative reading and listening topics, 'Culture in Mind', and 'Everyday English' sections. New for the second edition is a DVD-ROM with the Level 4 Student's Book containing games, extra exercises and videos featuring the photostories' characters as well as a 'Videoke' record-yourself function. There is a full 'Vocabulary bank' at the back of the book which expands upon lexical sets learned in the units. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 4 Workbook Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, Jane Curtis, 2011-07-31 Focus on Grammar, in its new fourth edition, maintains the proven pedagogy that makes it the most popular contextualized grammar series worldwide. Its unique four-step approach takes students from context to communication -- blending content, reading, writing, listening, speaking and critical thinking in a complete program, and preparing students to understand and use English more effectively. Centered on thematic instruction Focus on Grammar allows students to interact with grammar in realistic contexts and moves them beyond controlled practice to authentic communication. |
| focus on grammar 4: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Kate Woodford, Guy Jackson, 2003 The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words. |
| focus on grammar 4: Practice Makes Perfect Complete German Grammar Ed Swick, 2011-09-30 Build your confidence in your German skills with practice, practice, practice! From present tense regular verbs to double object pronouns, this comprehensive guide and workbook covers all those aspects of German grammar that you might find a little intimidating or hard to remember. Practice Makes Perfect: Complete German Grammar focuses on the practical aspects of German as it's really spoken, so you are not bogged down by unnecessary technicalities. Each unit features crystal-clear explanations, numerous realistic examples, and dozens of engaging exercises in a variety of formats--including multiple choice, fill-in sentences and passages, sentence rewrites, and creative writing--perfect for whatever your learning style. Whenever possible, explanations include comparisons you to understand the basic logic behind the rules and to remember correct usage. This new edition includes: Time-saving vocabulary panels that eliminate having to look words up Advice on how to avoid common mistakes A detailed answer key for quick, easy progress checks Offering a winning formula for getting a handle on German grammar right away, Practice Makes Perfect: Complete German Grammar your ultimate resource for learning to speak German the way the native speakers do. |
| focus on grammar 4: Grammar of the Edit Christopher J. Bowen, Roy Thompson, 2012-10-12 If you want to get to grips with editing, this book sets down, in a simple, uncomplicated way, the fundamental knowledge you will need to make a good edit between two shots. Regardless of what you are editing, the problem of learning how to be a good editor remains the same. This book concentrates on where and how an edit is made and teaches you how to answer the simple question: 'What do I need to do in order to make a good edit between two shots?' Simple, elegant, and easy to use, Grammar of the Edit is a staple of the filmmaker's library. |
| focus on grammar 4: Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar Martin J. Endley, 2010-12-01 The proposed book is best described as a linguistically oriented textbook taking the grammar of English as its subject matter. It is directed to professional teachers of English (ESL and EFL) and their students, as well as those currently training to become teachers of English. The book is also likely to be of interest to interpreters, translators and other English language professionals. It will explore selected aspects and problem areas of English from a broadly “functional” linguistic perspective. My experience as a teacher and teacher trainer has shown me that this perspective has the potential to inspire teachers and students with a genuine enthusiasm for the grammatical features of English and that it often enables them to “make sense” of the grammar in a way that all too often other approaches signally fail to do. An important focus of the book is on understanding grammar as a series of conventionalized patterns rather than a set of rules (which is how grammar has traditionally been presented). Moreover, unlike many other grammar books, this book emphasizes how the grammatical constructions under consideration are employed in various types of communicative situation, attention being given to the importance of discourse context in interpreting the target forms. In line with contemporary linguists generally, the approach adopted is descriptive rather than prescriptive. While the main focus is on English, I offer occasional comments on how the issue under discussion is expressed in languages other than English. Apart from the inherent interest which I hope such comparisons may have for the reader, I take the view that these can be helpful in casting further light on the grammar of English. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 4 Workbook Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, 2005-11 The Workbook accompanying each level of Focus on Grammar provides additional exercises for self-study of the target grammar for each unit. Tests included in each Workbook provide students with additional opportunities for self-assessment. Focus on Grammar helps students understand and practice English grammar through contextualized listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Focus on Grammar combines controlled and communicative practice with critical thinking skills and ongoing assessment. |
| focus on grammar 4: Weaving it Together Milada Broukal, 2003-11-17 A four-book series that integrates reading and writing skills for students of English as a second or foreign language. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 3 with MyEnglishLab Marjorie Fuchs, Margaret Bonner, Miriam Westheimer, 2012-01-05 A unique four-step approach, moving students from context into communication [with] the full integration of language skills providing a complete program for language learners [and] a variety of ongoing assessment tools [to] ensure that progress is measurable.--Page 4 of cover. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar Jay Maurer, Rachel Spack Koch, Keith S. Folse, 2005-11 Focus on Grammar helps students understand and practice English grammar through contextualized listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Focus on Grammar combines controlled and communicative practice with critical thinking skills and ongoing assessment. |
| focus on grammar 4: The Elements of Style Workbook William Strunk Jr, Tip Top Education, 2018-07-10 The Elements of Style Workbook honors the original masterpiece by William Strunk, Jr. published in 1920, with relevant updates for modern times. We have adapted Strunk's original work to include essential exercises (with answer keys) to help novice writers gain command of stylistic structures and devices through guided practice, and to guide more experienced writers through the nuances of commanding style. Essential for today's writers, Strunk's original chapters regarding rules of usage and principles of composition are represented in this workbook. These original lessons, along with style exercises that teach writers to flex their writing style at will, include sentence writing, paragraph writing, and style writing exercises that amplify the impact of the original work by William Strunk, Jr. True to Strunk's original masterpiece, this Elements of Style Workbook addresses the most common and useful issues novice writers face, which are the same ones plaguing English writers for over a century. We honor Strunk's identification of these main writing challenges, and do not dilute the prominence of these points with either less difficult or more advanced grammatical lessons. In this way, we retain Strunk's original focus on the essentials. We have reproduced these essential lessons here and provided targeted practice to enable writers to strengthen those skills. While holding true to the original Elements of Style , this workbook also amplifies some troublesome yet vital stylistic points of practice with the following augmentations: -Grammar on past perfect -Expansive style section based on Noah Webster's style types -Extensive practice with the multitude of styles Webster delineates, using excerpts from literature masters as examples and guides None of these highly useful components were present in the original Elements of Style, nor have they been represented in any edition since then. Style Types The style section draws from Noah Webster's articulate delineations of style types. Each style type draws from a master of literature illustrating that particular style, then challenges writers to imitate, recreate, and alter styles at will. The following style types, identified by Webster, are included in this workbook: 1.Forceful 2.Vehement 3.Elegant 4.Brief 5.Copious or diffusive 6.Precise 7.Neat 8.Loose 9.Feeble 10.Plain Together, these style types represent the vast majority of writing styles used by literary masters in the English language. An English writing workbook like no other With its loyalty to the highly acclaimed and extremely successful original edition of Strunk's The Elements of Style , augmented by Webster's clearly defined articulation of style types and supplemented by ample, targeted, and clear exercises for each component, The Elements of Style Workbook offers an essential writing resource like no other. Whether you are beginning your journey to quality writing or would like to refine your command of voice and style, you will find this updated version of a tried-and-true resource, The Elements of Style Workbook , a vital aid and guide. |
| focus on grammar 4: The Big Book of English Grammar for ESL and English Learners Thomas Celentano, 2020-11-05 |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on Grammar 3 Workbook Marjorie Fuchs, 2011-07-31 A unique four-step approach, moving students from context into communication [with] the full integration of language skills providing a complete program for language learners [and] a variety of ongoing assessment tools [to] ensure that progress is measurable.--Page 4 of cover. |
| focus on grammar 4: Focus on English 9 Student Book Rex Kevin Sadler, Winter, Viv, Sandra Sadler, 2016-02-03 |
| focus on grammar 4: Grammar Sense: 4: Student Book with Online Practice Access Code Card Susan Kesner Bland, Alice Savage, Patricia Mayer, 2011-12-08 Grammar Sense is a four-level grammar series for reference and practice. |
| focus on grammar 4: Next Generation Grammar Christina Cavage, David Bohlke, Stephen T. Jones, Arlen Gargagliano, 2013 Next Generation Grammar seamlessly blends course work and online content to optimize instruction and provide a 21st century learning experience that will engage and motivate learners. In class = Teacher directed Thematic lessons, concise presentations and meaningful communicative activities integrate skills with grammar. Online = Student directed Dynamic practice activities and rich feedback support instruction...whenever, wherever. Also includes a Grammar Coach for quick, engaging review in a student-friendly video format. Ongoing assessment allows teachers to track progress and students to monitor their learning. The four-level series includes: Course book available in print or eText format. ActiveTeach, a powerful electronic resource for exciting whole-class teaching -- allows instructors to project course book pages, play video and audio, and create annotations. Also includes teaching notes. |
Focus On Grammar 4 (Download Only) - archive.ncarb.org
on thematic instruction Focus on Grammar allows students to interact with grammar in realistic contexts and moves them beyond controlled practice to authentic communication New features …
Focus On Grammar 4 (Download Only) - archive.ncarb.org
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Can determine and sequence the order of events in an article about someone’s life or career. Can use the simple present to describe habitual actions or unchanging facts. Can use the present …
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FOCUS 4 GRAMMAR TRAINER UNIT 3 the British, they served their teas with 8 _____ milk and sugar – not a 9_____, but just enough to make the bitter liquid smoother to drink. Over time, however, …
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What is a Focus On Grammar 4 PDF? A PDF (Portable Document Format) is a file format developed by Adobe that preserves the layout and formatting of a document, regardless of the software, …
Focus On Grammar 4 Workbook 4th Edition (PDF)
"Focus on Grammar 4 Workbook, 4th Edition" offers a structured and engaging approach to learning English grammar. It covers a wide range of grammatical concepts, from basic sentence structure to more advanced topics like verb tenses, conditionals, and reported speech. The workbook is designed to be used alongside the "Focus on Grammar 4 ...
UNIT TEST 1 ANSWER KEY Vocabulary, Grammar and Use of …
have been selling. have sent. has/have had. hasn’t met. have you been studying. Use of English.
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VOCABULARY GRAMMAR LISTENING READING GRAM…
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Focus On Grammar 1 - BASIC Choose “Discover the Grammar” to get an introduction to the ideas. Choose “Practice” to learn and improve. Usually, Practice A is the easiest, B is harder, …
MiniMatura Unit 3 - Pearson English Portal
MiniMatura Unit 3 Group A Name: _____ Class: ____ © Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2020 PHOTOCOPIABLE Focus 4 …
Science and technology GRAMMAR ANIMATION FOC…
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Appendix 4 Filipino Grammar for the Beginning Learner Even in my conversational Filipino classes, I find that one cannot get away with not ... When the doer is the focus of the action, we use …
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ive grammar) 4 the focus of a given linguistic theory (linguistic grammar) 5 a work that treats the major structures of a language (reference grammar) 6 the structures and rules compiled for …
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Rod Ellis’s essential bookshelf: Focus on form
necessarily expect my students to master grammar in a linear fashion as dictated by a structural syl-labus. My work in SLA also brought me in touch with the work of Michael Long (1980, 1983a, 1985) ...
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The Interaction between Focus and Tone in Bantu 151 Larry Hyman The Syntax of the P-Focus Position in Turkish 179 Sarah D. Kennelly Word Order and Focus Positions in Universal Grammar 213 …
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MATURA FOCUS 2 GRAMMAR TRAINER SUMMATIVE PRACTI…
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Grammar are reviewed, and related issues brought to light. Then, criteria for the design of pedagogical activities are highlighted. Keywords: pedagogical grammar; foreign language learning; …
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Focus on Four Fields Linguistic Anthropology: Components of Language The Anthropological Study of Language and Language Use Linguistic anthropologists are trained in cultural …
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as Somali is a Focus-prominent language – only one option is available to realize Focus. Specifically, nominal Focus is interpreted in Spec-head rela-tion after Move, while verb Focus checks [+F] in …
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4. Do not overwhelm students with linguistic terminology, 5. Are as lively and intrinsically motivating as possible When and how to teach grammar? Both form* and meaning should be emphasized**; …
CHOICES PRE-INTERMEDIATE BY PEARSON
FOCUS GRAMMAR FOCUS SPEAKING STAGE GRAMMAR FOCUS SPEAKING STAGE Ex. 1 – 2: objects, adjectives, colours Ex. 3 – 4: this, that, these, those Ex. 5: ask/answer questions about things in …
