Operation Paperclip

Operation Paperclip: Unpacking the Secrets of a Post-War Intelligence Operation

The clandestine world of espionage often unveils stories shrouded in mystery and controversy. One such operation, steeped in Cold War intrigue and ethical complexities, is Operation Paperclip. This blog post delves deep into the heart of this controversial program, exploring its origins, participants, objectives, and lasting legacy. We’ll dissect the motivations behind this audacious undertaking, examine its impact on the scientific landscape of the United States, and analyze the ethical quandaries it continues to raise. Prepare to uncover the fascinating – and troubling – truth behind Operation Paperclip.

H2: The Genesis of Operation Paperclip: A Race Against Time

Following the conclusion of World War II, the United States found itself locked in an ideological and technological battle with the Soviet Union. Fearful of falling behind in the burgeoning space race and arms race, the US government initiated Operation Paperclip, a top-secret intelligence operation aimed at securing the expertise of German scientists and engineers. These individuals, many associated with the Nazi regime, possessed invaluable knowledge in rocketry, aeronautics, and other advanced fields. The urgency to acquire this expertise outweighed immediate concerns regarding the individuals' pasts and potential allegiances.

H3: The Target: German Scientific Minds

The primary targets of Operation Paperclip were scientists and engineers employed by the Nazi regime, many working on projects directly related to the war effort. Names like Wernher von Braun, the father of rocketry, and many lesser-known individuals, were actively recruited. The operation involved a complex process of vetting, often overlooking or downplaying evidence of their involvement in Nazi atrocities. This selective amnesia raises critical ethical questions that continue to be debated to this day.


H4: The Methodology: Secrecy and Deception

Operation Paperclip operated under a cloak of secrecy. Extensive efforts were made to obscure the true nature of the operation and the backgrounds of the recruited individuals. Files were altered, and past affiliations with Nazi organizations were often minimized or omitted completely. This strategic deception ensured that the program remained largely hidden from public scrutiny, even amidst growing Cold War anxieties.


H2: The Impact: Shaping the American Scientific Landscape

The success of Operation Paperclip is undeniable. The influx of German scientists and engineers significantly accelerated the development of American space exploration and military technology. Von Braun’s contributions to NASA's Apollo program are a testament to this impact. The expertise brought over played a crucial role in the development of advanced weaponry and propelled the US to the forefront of the Cold War technological arms race. However, this advancement came at a price.

H3: Ethical Dilemmas and Historical Revisionism

The operation’s legacy is significantly marred by the ethical ambiguities surrounding its recruitment process. By prioritizing technological advancement over ethical considerations, the US government essentially traded scientific expertise for complicity in Nazi atrocities. The selective amnesia surrounding the pasts of many participants raises complex questions about historical accountability and the long-term consequences of overlooking war crimes. The debate over the ethical implications of Operation Paperclip remains a crucial aspect of historical and political discussions.

H2: The Lasting Legacy: A Contentious Chapter in History

Operation Paperclip remains a controversial episode in American history. It serves as a stark reminder of the moral complexities inherent in national security and the difficult choices governments face during times of intense geopolitical competition. The operation highlights the tension between achieving national goals and upholding ethical standards, prompting continuous re-evaluation of our understanding of history and accountability.

H3: Understanding the Broader Context: Cold War Tensions

To fully grasp the significance of Operation Paperclip, it's essential to view it within the broader context of the Cold War. The intense ideological and technological rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union drove many questionable decisions, including the willingness to overlook the ethical implications of employing former Nazi scientists. This reflects the often-blurred lines between national security imperatives and moral responsibility during periods of heightened geopolitical tension.


Conclusion:

Operation Paperclip stands as a complex and multifaceted event in history, a compelling blend of scientific achievement and moral compromise. While it undeniably contributed to the advancement of American science and technology, its ethical implications continue to generate debate and critical analysis. Understanding this operation requires a careful examination of the historical context, the motivations behind the program, and the long-term consequences of prioritizing technological advancement over ethical concerns. It serves as a potent reminder of the enduring tension between national interests and moral accountability.


FAQs:

1. Was Operation Paperclip successful in its primary goals? Yes, Operation Paperclip was largely successful in its primary goal of acquiring German scientific expertise. This expertise significantly accelerated American advancements in rocketry, aeronautics, and other fields.

2. How many German scientists were brought to the United States through Operation Paperclip? The exact number is debated, but estimates range from hundreds to over 1,600.

3. Were all participants in Operation Paperclip former Nazi members? While many participants had direct ties to the Nazi regime, not all had direct involvement in atrocities. The operation's vetting process was often lax and inconsistent.

4. What were the long-term effects of Operation Paperclip on US society? The operation's impact on the US scientific landscape is undeniable. It significantly advanced rocketry, space exploration, and military technology, but its ethical implications continue to be debated.

5. Is Operation Paperclip still relevant today? The ethical questions raised by Operation Paperclip remain highly relevant today. It provides a crucial case study for considering the ethical implications of prioritizing national security goals over moral principles.


  operation paperclip: Operation Paperclip Annie Jacobsen, 2014-02-11 The “remarkable” story of America's secret post-WWII science programs (The Boston Globe), from the New York Times bestselling author of Area 51. In the chaos following World War II, the U.S. government faced many difficult decisions, including what to do with the Third Reich's scientific minds. These were the brains behind the Nazis' once-indomitable war machine. So began Operation Paperclip, a decades-long, covert project to bring Hitler's scientists and their families to the United States. Many of these men were accused of war crimes, and others had stood trial at Nuremberg; one was convicted of mass murder and slavery. They were also directly responsible for major advances in rocketry, medical treatments, and the U.S. space program. Was Operation Paperclip a moral outrage, or did it help America win the Cold War? Drawing on exclusive interviews with dozens of Paperclip family members, colleagues, and interrogators, and with access to German archival documents (including previously unseen papers made available by direct descendants of the Third Reich's ranking members), files obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and dossiers discovered in government archives and at Harvard University, Annie Jacobsen follows more than a dozen German scientists through their postwar lives and into a startling, complex, nefarious, and jealously guarded government secret of the twentieth century. In this definitive, controversial look at one of America's most strategic, and disturbing, government programs, Jacobsen shows just how dark government can get in the name of national security. Harrowing...How Dr. Strangelove came to America and thrived, told in graphic detail. —Kirkus Reviews
  operation paperclip: Operation Paperclip Annie Jacobsen, 2015-01-20 The author of the acclaimed bestseller Area 51 reveals the explosive dark secrets behind America's post-WWII science programs. In the chaos following World War II, some of the greatest spoils of Germany's resources were the Third Reich's scientific minds. The U.S. government secretly decided that the value of these former Nazis' knowledge outweighed their crimes and began a covert operation code-named Paperclip to allow them to work in the U.S. without the public's full knowledge. Drawing on exclusive interviews with dozens of Paperclip family members, colleagues, and interrogators, and with access to German archival documents (including papers made newly available by direct descendants of the Third Reich's ranking members), files obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and lost dossiers discovered in government archives and at Harvard University, Annie Jacobsen follows more than a dozen German scientists through their postwar lives and into one of the most complex, nefarious, and jealously guarded government secrets of the 20th century.
  operation paperclip: Operation Paperclip Annie Jacobsen, 2014-02-11 The “remarkable” story of America's secret post-WWII science programs (The Boston Globe), from the New York Times bestselling author of Area 51. In the chaos following World War II, the U.S. government faced many difficult decisions, including what to do with the Third Reich's scientific minds. These were the brains behind the Nazis' once-indomitable war machine. So began Operation Paperclip, a decades-long, covert project to bring Hitler's scientists and their families to the United States. Many of these men were accused of war crimes, and others had stood trial at Nuremberg; one was convicted of mass murder and slavery. They were also directly responsible for major advances in rocketry, medical treatments, and the U.S. space program. Was Operation Paperclip a moral outrage, or did it help America win the Cold War? Drawing on exclusive interviews with dozens of Paperclip family members, colleagues, and interrogators, and with access to German archival documents (including previously unseen papers made available by direct descendants of the Third Reich's ranking members), files obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and dossiers discovered in government archives and at Harvard University, Annie Jacobsen follows more than a dozen German scientists through their postwar lives and into a startling, complex, nefarious, and jealously guarded government secret of the twentieth century. In this definitive, controversial look at one of America's most strategic, and disturbing, government programs, Jacobsen shows just how dark government can get in the name of national security. Harrowing...How Dr. Strangelove came to America and thrived, told in graphic detail. —Kirkus Reviews
  operation paperclip: Our Germans Brian E. Crim, 2018-01-15 A gripping history of one of the United States' most controversial Cold War intelligence operations. Project Paperclip brought hundreds of German scientists and engineers, including aerospace engineer Wernher von Braun, to the United States in the first decade after World War II. More than the freighters full of equipment or the documents recovered from caves and hastily abandoned warehouses, the German brains who designed and built the V-2 rocket and other wonder weapons for the Third Reich proved invaluable to America's emerging military-industrial complex. Whether they remained under military employment, transitioned to civilian agencies like NASA, or sought more lucrative careers with corporations flush with government contracts, German specialists recruited into the Paperclip program assumed enormously influential positions within the labyrinthine national security state. Drawing on recently declassified documents from intelligence agencies, the Department of Defense, the FBI, and the State Department, Brian E. Crim's Our Germans examines the process of integrating German scientists into a national security state dominated by the armed services and defense industries. Crim explains how the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency enticed targeted scientists, whitewashed the records of Nazis and war criminals, and deceived government agencies about the content of security investigations. Exploring the vicious bureaucratic rivalries that erupted over the wisdom, efficacy, and morality of pursuing Paperclip, Our Germans reveals how some Paperclip proponents and scientists influenced the perception of the rival Soviet threat by volunteering inflated estimates of Russian intentions and technical capabilities. As it describes the project's embattled legacy, Our Germans reflects on the myriad ways that Paperclip has been remembered in culture and national memory. As this engaging book demonstrates, whether characterized as an expedient Cold War program born from military necessity or a dishonorable episode, the project ultimately reflects American ambivalence about the military-industrial complex and the viability of an ends justifies the means solution to external threats.
  operation paperclip: Secret Agenda Linda Hunt, 1991 Charges that the U.S. government put Nazi scientists to work in America after World War II
  operation paperclip: Blowback Christopher Simpson, 2014-06-10 A searing account of a dark “chapter in U.S. Cold War history . . . to help the anti-Soviet aims of American intelligence and national security agencies” (Library Journal). Even before the final shots of World War II were fired, another war began—a cold war that pitted the United States against its former ally, the Soviet Union. As the Soviets consolidated power in Eastern Europe, the CIA scrambled to gain the upper hand against new enemies worldwide. To this end, senior officials at the CIA, National Security Council, and other elements of the emerging US national security state turned to thousands of former Nazis, Waffen Secret Service, and Nazi collaborators for propaganda, psychological warfare, and military operations. Many new recruits were clearly responsible for the deaths of countless innocents as part of Adolph Hitler’s “Final Solution,” yet were whitewashed and claimed to be valuable intelligence assets. Unrepentant mass murderers were secretly accepted into the American fold, their crimes forgotten and forgiven with the willing complicity of the US government. Blowback is the first thorough, scholarly study of the US government’s extensive recruitment of Nazis and fascist collaborators right after the war. Although others have approached the topic since, Simpson’s book remains the essential starting point. The author demonstrates how this secret policy of collaboration only served to intensify the Cold War and has had lasting detrimental effects on the American government and society that endure to this day.
  operation paperclip: Project Paperclip Clarence G. Lasby, 1971
  operation paperclip: The Pentagon's Brain Annie Jacobsen, 2015-09-15 Discover the definitive history of DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, in this Pulitzer Prize finalist from the author of the New York Times bestseller Area 51. No one has ever written the history of the Defense Department's most secret, most powerful, and most controversial military science R&D agency. In the first-ever history about the organization, New York Times bestselling author Annie Jacobsen draws on inside sources, exclusive interviews, private documents, and declassified memos to paint a picture of DARPA, or the Pentagon's brain, from its Cold War inception in 1958 to the present. This is the book on DARPA -- a compelling narrative about this clandestine intersection of science and the American military and the often frightening results.
  operation paperclip: Surprise, Kill, Vanish Annie Jacobsen, 2019-05-14 From Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen, the untold USA Today bestselling story of the CIA's secret paramilitary units. Surprise . . . your target. Kill . . . your enemy. Vanish . . . without a trace. When diplomacy fails, and war is unwise, the president calls on the CIA's Special Activities Division, a highly-classified branch of the CIA and the most effective, black operations force in the world. Originally known as the president's guerrilla warfare corps, SAD conducts risky and ruthless operations that have evolved over time to defend America from its enemies. Almost every American president since World War II has asked the CIA to conduct sabotage, subversion and, yes, assassination. With unprecedented access to forty-two men and women who proudly and secretly worked on CIA covert operations from the dawn of the Cold War to the present day, along with declassified documents and deep historical research, Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen unveils -- like never before -- a complex world of individuals working in treacherous environments populated with killers, connivers, and saboteurs. Despite Hollywood notions of off-book operations and external secret hires, covert action is actually one piece in a colossal foreign policy machine. Written with the pacing of a thriller, Surprise, Kill, Vanish brings to vivid life the sheer pandemonium and chaos, as well as the unforgettable human will to survive and the intellectual challenge of not giving up hope that define paramilitary and intelligence work. Jacobsen's exclusive interviews -- with members of the CIA's Senior Intelligence Service (equivalent to the Pentagon's generals), its counterterrorism chiefs, targeting officers, and Special Activities Division's Ground Branch operators who conduct today's close-quarters killing operations around the world -- reveal, for the first time, the enormity of this shocking, controversial, and morally complex terrain. Is the CIA's paramilitary army America's weaponized strength, or a liability to its principled standing in the world? Every operation reported in this book, however unsettling, is legal.
  operation paperclip: Area 51 Annie Jacobsen, 2011-05-17 This compellingly hard-hitting bestseller from a Pulitzer Prize finalist gives readers the complete untold story of the top-secret military base for the first time (New York Times). It is the most famous military installation in the world. And it doesn't exist. Located a mere seventy-five miles outside of Las Vegas in Nevada's desert, the base has never been acknowledged by the U.S. government — but Area 51 has captivated imaginations for decades. Myths and hypotheses about Area 51 have long abounded, thanks to the intense secrecy enveloping it. Some claim it is home to aliens, underground tunnel systems, and nuclear facilities. Others believe that the lunar landing itself was filmed there. The prevalence of these rumors stems from the fact that no credible insider has ever divulged the truth about his time inside the base. Until now. Annie Jacobsen had exclusive access to nineteen men who served the base proudly and secretly for decades and are now aged 75-92, and unprecedented access to fifty-five additional military and intelligence personnel, scientists, pilots, and engineers linked to the secret base, thirty-two of whom lived and worked there for extended periods. In Area 51, Jacobsen shows us what has really gone on in the Nevada desert, from testing nuclear weapons to building super-secret, supersonic jets to pursuing the War on Terror. This is the first book based on interviews with eye witnesses to Area 51 history, which makes it the seminal work on the subject. Filled with formerly classified information that has never been accurately decoded for the public, Area 51 weaves the mysterious activities of the top-secret base into a gripping narrative, showing that facts are often more fantastic than fiction, especially when the distinction is almost impossible to make.
  operation paperclip: Educating the Enemy Jonna Perrillo, 2022-02-25 Compares the privileged educational experience offered to the children of relocated Nazi scientists in Texas with the educational disadvantages faced by Mexican American students living in the same city. Educating the Enemy begins with the 144 children of Nazi scientists who moved to El Paso, Texas, in 1946 as part of the military program called Operation Paperclip. These German children were bused daily from a military outpost to four El Paso public schools. Though born into a fascist enemy nation, the German children were quickly integrated into the schools and, by proxy, American society. Their rapid assimilation offered evidence that American public schools played a vital role in ensuring the victory of democracy over fascism. Jonna Perrillo not only tells this fascinating story of Cold War educational policy, but she draws an important contrast with another, much more numerous population of children in the El Paso public schools: Mexican Americans. Like everywhere else in the Southwest, Mexican American children in El Paso were segregated into “Mexican” schools, where the children received a vastly different educational experience. Not only were they penalized for speaking Spanish—the only language all but a few spoke due to segregation—they were tracked for low-wage and low-prestige careers, with limited opportunities for economic success. Educating the Enemy charts what two groups of children—one that might have been considered the enemy, the other that was treated as such—reveal about the ways political assimilation has been treated by schools as an easier, more viable project than racial or ethnic assimilation. Listen to an interview with the author here.
  operation paperclip: Operation Paperclip Charles River Charles River Editors, 2017-01-26 *Includes pictures*Includes accounts of the operations written by Nazi scientists and Allied forces*Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading*Includes a table of contentsAfter the last shots of World War II were fired and the process of rebuilding Germany and Europe began, the Western Allies and the Soviet Union each tried to obtain the services of the Third Reich's leading scientists, especially those involved in rocketry, missile technology, and aerospace research. Naturally, this was a delicate affair due to the fact many of the German scientists were not only active Nazis but had helped the Nazi war machine terrorize the world. At the same time, by the late war period, the Anglo-American Allies formed a clear picture of the Soviet state. Though forced to ally with the USSR's dictator, Josef Stalin, the West came to understand Communist Russia represented yet another hungry totalitarian power, and thus a very real threat to an independent Europe. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill realized the menacing character of the Soviets from the Katyn Forest Massacre of Polish army officers, if not before, while the Americans only gradually shed a na�ve assumption of continued Russian friendliness after the war. For their part, the Soviets retained ruthless imperial ambitions which manifested in various ways. They allied with Hitler for a time in 1939 to 1941, planning to divide Eastern Europe between their two expansionist states. They devastated the Ukrainian population with the Holomodor, an engineered, genocidal famine which claimed perhaps 3 million victims. The Soviet refusal to evacuate Eastern Europe following the war, instead retaining many formerly democratic countries as vassal states, spoke volumes about their intentions. Both the Western Allies and the Soviets knew of Adolf Hitler's V-2 rocket program, the forerunner of ballistic missiles and the space race. Each recognized the immense strategic value of these technologies and wished to secure their benefits for themselves. As the Soviets contemplated additional expansion following the Great Patriotic War and the U.S. military came to understand the putative allies of today would emerge as the enemies of tomorrow, the men possessing knowledge of the V-2 rockets and other Third Reich military technology programs became seen as crucial pieces in the incipient NATO versus Warsaw Pact standoff. The result was the American-led Operation Paperclip on the Western side, which resulted in German scientists putting their expertise at the disposal of the U.S. and other NATO members. Operation Paperclip aimed not only to obtain the benefits of German scientific advances for the United States but also to deny them to the potentially hostile Soviets, as General Leslie Groves enunciated: Heisenberg was one of the world's leading physicists, and, at the time of the German break-up, he was worth more to us than ten divisions of Germans. Had he fallen into the Russian hands, he would have proven invaluable to them (Naimark, 1995, 207).To say Operation Paperclip had a profound impact on the Cold War and American history would be an understatement. The most well known example of the operation's success is Wernher von Braun, who was once a member of a branch of the SS involved in the Holocaust, would become known as the father of rocket science and fascinate the world with visions of winged rockets and space stations as a new Manhattan Project, one that NASA would eventually adopt. And in addition to the weaponization of ballistic missiles that progressed throughout the Cold War, von Braun's expertise was used for America's most historic space missions. NASA also had to develop rockets capable of first launching a spacecraft into Earth's orbit, and then launching it toward the Moon. The Soviets struggled throughout the 1960s to design rockets up to the task, but thanks to von Braun, NASA got it right with the Saturn V rocket.
  operation paperclip: The Nazis Next Door Eric Lichtblau, 2014-10-28 A Newsweek Best Book of the Year: “Captivating . . . rooted in first-rate research” (The New York Times Book Review). In this New York Times bestseller, once-secret government records and interviews tell the full story of the thousands of Nazis—from concentration camp guards to high-level officers in the Third Reich—who came to the United States after World War II and quietly settled into new lives. Many gained entry on their own as self-styled war “refugees.” But some had help from the US government. The CIA, the FBI, and the military all put Hitler’s minions to work as spies, intelligence assets, and leading scientists and engineers, whitewashing their histories. Only years after their arrival did private sleuths and government prosecutors begin trying to identify the hidden Nazis. Now, relying on a trove of newly disclosed documents and scores of interviews, Pulitzer Prize–winning investigative reporter Eric Lichtblau reveals this little-known and “disturbing” chapter of postwar history (Salon).
  operation paperclip: Turbulent Journey Reiner Decher, 2022-06-28 This untold story of early jet development, surviving the collapse of the Reich, and starting over in America is recounted by Reiner Decher, who's father Siegfried was an engineer on the team that designed the engine for the Me 262.
  operation paperclip: Nazis of Copley Square Charles Gallagher, 2021-09-28 The forgotten history of American terrorists who, in the name of God, conspired to overthrow the government and formed an alliance with Hitler. On January 13, 1940, FBI agents burst into the homes and offices of seventeen members of the Christian Front, seizing guns, ammunition, and homemade bombs. J. Edgar HooverÕs charges were incendiary: the group, he alleged, was planning to incite a revolution and install a Òtemporary dictatorshipÓ in order to stamp out Jewish and communist influence in the United States. Interviewed in his jail cell, the frontÕs ringleader was unbowed: ÒAll I can say isÑlong live Christ the King! Down with communism!Ó In Nazis of Copley Square, Charles Gallagher provides a crucial missing chapter in the history of the American far right. The men of the Christian Front imagined themselves as crusaders fighting for the spiritual purification of the nation, under assault from godless communism, and they were hardly alone in their beliefs. The front traced its origins to vibrant global Catholic theological movements of the early twentieth century, such as the Mystical Body of Christ and Catholic Action. The frontÕs anti-Semitism was inspired by Sunday sermons and by lay leaders openly espousing fascist and Nazi beliefs. Gallagher chronicles the evolution of the front, the transatlantic cloak-and-dagger intelligence operations that subverted it, and the mainstream political and religious leaders who shielded the frontÕs activities from scrutiny. Nazis of Copley Square offers a grim tale of faith perverted to violent ends, and its lessons provide a warning for those who hope to stop the spread of far-right violence today.
  operation paperclip: Poisoner in Chief Stephen Kinzer, 2019-09-10 The bestselling author of All the Shah’s Men and The Brothers tells the astonishing story of the man who oversaw the CIA’s secret drug and mind-control experiments of the 1950s and ’60s. The visionary chemist Sidney Gottlieb was the CIA’s master magician and gentlehearted torturer—the agency’s “poisoner in chief.” As head of the MK-ULTRA mind control project, he directed brutal experiments at secret prisons on three continents. He made pills, powders, and potions that could kill or maim without a trace—including some intended for Fidel Castro and other foreign leaders. He paid prostitutes to lure clients to CIA-run bordellos, where they were secretly dosed with mind-altering drugs. His experiments spread LSD across the United States, making him a hidden godfather of the 1960s counterculture. For years he was the chief supplier of spy tools used by CIA officers around the world. Stephen Kinzer, author of groundbreaking books about U.S. clandestine operations, draws on new documentary research and original interviews to bring to life one of the most powerful unknown Americans of the twentieth century. Gottlieb’s reckless experiments on “expendable” human subjects destroyed many lives, yet he considered himself deeply spiritual. He lived in a remote cabin without running water, meditated, and rose before dawn to milk his goats. During his twenty-two years at the CIA, Gottlieb worked in the deepest secrecy. Only since his death has it become possible to piece together his astonishing career at the intersection of extreme science and covert action. Poisoner in Chief reveals him as a clandestine conjurer on an epic scale.
  operation paperclip: First Platoon Annie Jacobsen, 2021-01-12 A powerful story of war in our time, of love of country, the experience of tragedy, and a platoon at the center of it all. This is a story that starts off close and goes very big. The initial part of the story might sound familiar at first: it is about a platoon of mostly nineteen-year-old boys sent to Afghanistan, and an experience that ends abruptly in catastrophe. Their part of the story folds into the next: inexorably linked to those soldiers and never comprehensively reported before is the U.S. Department of Defense’s quest to build the world’s most powerful biometrics database, with the ability to identify, monitor, catalog, and police people all over the world. First Platoon is an American saga that illuminates a transformation of society made possible by this new technology. Part war story, part legal drama, it is about identity in the age of identification. About humanity—physical bravery, trauma, PTSD, a yearning to do right and good—in the age of biometrics, which reduce people to iris scans, fingerprint scans, voice patterning, detection by odor, gait, and more. And about the power of point of view in a burgeoning surveillance state. Based on hundreds of formerly classified documents, FOIA requests, and exclusive interviews, First Platoon is an investigative exposé by a master chronicler of government secrets. First Platoon reveals a post–9/11 Pentagon whose identification machines have grown more capable than the humans who must make sense of them. A Pentagon so powerful it can cover up its own internal mistakes in pursuit of endless wars. And a people at its mercy, in its last moments before a fundamental change so complete it might be impossible to take back.
  operation paperclip: Phenomena Annie Jacobsen, 2017-03-28 The definitive history of the military's decades-long investigation into mental powers and phenomena, from the author of Pulitzer Prize finalist The Pentagon's Brain and international bestseller Area 51. This is a book about a team of scientists and psychics with top secret clearances. For more than forty years, the U.S. government has researched extrasensory perception, using it in attempts to locate hostages, fugitives, secret bases, and downed fighter jets, to divine other nations' secrets, and even to predict future threats to national security. The intelligence agencies and military services involved include CIA, DIA, NSA, DEA, the Navy, Air Force, and Army-and even the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Now, for the first time, New York Times bestselling author Annie Jacobsen tells the story of these radical, controversial programs, using never before seen declassified documents as well as exclusive interviews with, and unprecedented access to, more than fifty of the individuals involved. Speaking on the record, many for the first time, are former CIA and Defense Department scientists, analysts, and program managers, as well as the government psychics themselves. Who did the U.S. government hire for these top secret programs, and how do they explain their military and intelligence work? How do scientists approach such enigmatic subject matter? What interested the government in these supposed powers and does the research continue? Phenomena is a riveting investigation into how far governments will go in the name of national security.
  operation paperclip: Unit 731 Cover-Up Haddie Beckham, Merja Pyykkonen, 2020-11-25 During the occupation of Japan after WWII, the US had an important decision to make. Should they hold those responsible for atrocities during the war accountable or should they take the information to advance national interest? The researchers who worked at Unit 731, the biological and chemical warfare research and development unit, were given immunity in exchange for their research data. Unit 731 included factories filled with humans, tested with various diseases, as well as field tests on civilians of the Soviet Union and China. Imperial Japan had aspirations to develop operative tools of biological warfare, one that was prohibited after World War I. Using alive human captives, the Japanese scientists of the medical profession gathered data on the progression of the diseases until the human guinea pigs collapsed. Most of these scientists lived peacefully after WWII, with a few of them having to go through the Khabarovsk Trial, which was deemed by the West as communist propaganda. Most of the horrors on Unit 731 had been hearsays and rumors until recently with the passing of the Freedom of Information Act. This book is based on documents found in the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Russian archival documents, and translations of the Khabarovsk Trial to paint a complete picture of the cover-up of the atrocious act of Unit 731. Readers could expect to questions themselves with this evidence: Should war crimes be covered up in the name of national interest?
  operation paperclip: The Mars Project Wernher Von Braun, 1953 This classic on space travel was first published in 1953, when interplanetary space flight was considered science fiction by most of those who considered it at all. Here the German-born scientist Wernher von Braun detailed what he believed were the problems and possibilities inherent in a projected expedition to Mars. Today von Braun is recognized as the person most responsible for laying the groundwork for public acceptance of America's space program. When President Bush directed NASA in 1989 to prepare plans for an orbiting space station, lunar research bases, and human exploration of Mars, he was largely echoing what von Braun proposed in The Mars Project.
  operation paperclip: Spies, Lies, and Citizenship Mary Kathryn Barbier, 2017-10 In the 1970s news broke that former Nazis had escaped prosecution and were living the good life in the United States. Outrage swept the nation, and the public outcry put extreme pressure on the U.S. government to investigate these claims and to deport offenders. The subsequent creation of the Office of Special Investigations marked the official beginning of Nazi-hunting in the United States, but it was far from the end. Thirty years later, in November 2010, the New York Times obtained a copy of a confidential 2006 report by the Justice Department titled The Office of Special Investigations: Striving for Accountability in the Aftermath of the Holocaust. The six-hundred-page report held shocking secrets regarding the government's botched attempts to hunt down and prosecute Nazis in the United States and its willingness to harbor and even employ these criminals after World War II. Drawing from this report as well as other sources, Spies, Lies, and Citizenship exposes scandalous new information about infamous Nazi perpetrators, including Andrija Artuković, Klaus Barbie, and Arthur Rudolph, who were sheltered and protected in the United States and beyond, and the ongoing attempts to bring the remaining Nazis, such as Josef Mengele, to justice.
  operation paperclip: Antarctica and the Secret Space Program David Childress, 2020-05-20 David Childress, popular author and star of the History Channel show Ancient Aliens, brings us the incredible tale of Nazi submarines and secret weapons in Antarctica and elsewhere. He looks into the strange life and death of Rudolf Hess, as well as the mystery of James Forrestal and the secret group called MJ-12. He examines Operation Highjump led by Admiral Richard Byrd in 1947 and the battle that he apparently had in Antarctica with flying saucers. Through “Operation Paperclip,” the Nazis infiltrated aerospace companies, banking, media, and the US government, including NASA and the CIA after WWII. He reveals that the Nazis had built secret bases in a variety of places during WWII, including Greenland, the Canary Islands, Tibet and Antarctica. Childress discusses the secret U-boat fleet that patrolled the Atlantic and Antarctic Oceans for decades after the war. He looks into the secret German space program and its flying disks and tubular aircraft; the secret technology involved, including anti-gravity propulsion technology; underground and under ice bases; strange things happening in South America; and secret bases on the Moon and Mars. Childress looks at the possible merger of Nazi assets in Antarctic with the Americans’ and the use of Antarctica as a space base for traffic to secret space stations in orbit and below the surface of the Moon. The author looks at military space programs such as Solar Warden, Lunex and Project Horizon. Does the US Space Force have a secret space program that maintains huge ships in orbit around the Earth and employs hundreds of astronauts as crew for these vehicles? Includes a 16-page color section.
  operation paperclip: The Nazi Titanic Robert P. Watson, 2016-04-26 Built in 1927, the German ocean liner SS Cap Arcona was the greatest ship since the RMS Titanic and one of the most celebrated luxury liners in the world. When the Nazis seized control in Germany, she was stripped down for use as a floating barracks and troop transport. Later, during the war, Hitler's minister, Joseph Goebbels, cast her as the star in his epic propaganda film about the sinking of the legendary Titanic. Following the film's enormous failure, the German navy used the Cap Arcona to transport German soldiers and civilians across the Baltic, away from the Red Army's advance. In the Third Reich's final days, the ill-fated ship was packed with thousands of concentration camp prisoners. Without adequate water, food, or sanitary facilities, the prisoners suffered as they waited for the end of the war. Just days before Germany surrendered, the Cap Arcona was mistakenly bombed by the British Royal Air Force, and nearly all of the prisoners were killed in the last major tragedy of the Holocaust and one of history's worst maritime disasters. Although the British government sealed many documents pertaining to the ship's sinking, Robert P. Watson has unearthed forgotten records, conducted many interviews, and used over 100 sources, including diaries and oral histories, to expose this story. As a result, The Nazi Titanic is a riveting and astonishing account of an enigmatic ship that played a devastating role in World War II and the Holocaust.
  operation paperclip: Dreamland Bob Lazar, 2019-10-15 Bob Lazar is the reason Area 51 became infamous in the 1980s and his recent appearance on Joe Rogan's podcast with 7 million listeners is credited with inspiring the Storm Area 51 phenomenon. In his DREAMLAND autobiography, Lazar reveals every detail of his highly controversial story about being an insider within the world's most legendary military research base. Bob Lazar was a brilliant young physicist that found himself employed at a top secret facility in the middle of the desert outside Las Vegas. Under the watchful eye of the government elite, he is tasked with understanding an exotic propulsion system being used by an advanced aerospace vehicle he is told came from outer space. The stressful work and long, odd hours start to wear on Bob and he becomes concerned for his safety. He tells his wife and a couple close friends about what he's doing in the desert, and his employers find out and are furious. When they station goons outside his house, Bob seeks help from wealthy UFOlogist, John Lear, who encourages Bob to take his story to award-winning investigative journalist George Knapp at KLAS-TV, a CBS affiliate. To prove he's telling the truth, Bob takes a group of people out into the desert to watch a test flight of the flying saucer. On the way home, they are stopped by the police, who notify the base, and Bob loses his job. In a series of interviews with CBS TV, Bob Lazar then blows the lid off Area 51, blows the whistle on the effort to conceal this craft from the American people, and blows up his career as a top physicist. Bob Lazar's reports have been the subject of intense controversy for decades. He has been interviewed numerous times and his story has been corroborated by other individuals he worked with and who were present when these events happened. But until now, Bob Lazar has never told his own story, in every detail in his own words, about those exciting days in the desert outside of Las Vegas and how the world came to learn about the experiments being conducted at Area 51.
  operation paperclip: Whitewashed Sandy Berman, 2020-05-27 Tommy Stern has never gotten over the suicide of his best friend, Ben Lowe, who in the summer of 1951 is found hanging from a tree in the woods behind their high school in Huntsville, Alabama. A year earlier, Huntsville becomes home to 118 former Nazi scientists and engineers who have been brought to the United States through a secret government-sponsored project called Operation Paperclip to work on the space program. Even past evidence of war crimes does not disqualify these men from entering the United States.Eighteen years later, the discovery of a journal is the catalyst that encourages Tommy to reexamine the facts that led to his friend's death. Ben is Jewish and a survivor of the Holocaust. The journal leads Tommy to believe that there is a connection between Ben's untimely and horrific final moments and the arrival of the Germans.Tommy's search for the truth takes him back to Huntsville where he rekindles a relationship with his high school girlfriend Karin Angel, the daughter of one of the German scientists. Karin and Tommy join forces to discover the dark secrets of Operation Paperclip and the truth behind what happened to Ben.
  operation paperclip: Von Braun Michael Neufeld, 2017-04-12 Curator and space historian at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum delivers a brilliantly nuanced biography of controversial space pioneer Wernher von Braun. Chief rocket engineer of the Third Reich and one of the fathers of the U.S. space program, Wernher von Braun is a source of consistent fascination. Glorified as a visionary and vilified as a war criminal, he was a man of profound moral complexities, whose intelligence and charisma were coupled with an enormous and, some would say, blinding ambition. Based on new sources, Neufeld's biography delivers a meticulously researched and authoritative portrait of the creator of the V-2 rocket and his times, detailing how he was a man caught between morality and progress, between his dreams of the heavens and the earthbound realities of his life.
  operation paperclip: The Hidden Nazi Dean Reuter, Keith Chester, Colm Lowery, 2019-10-08 He’s the worst Nazi war criminal you’ve never heard of Sidekick to SS Chief Heinrich Himmler and supervisor of Nazi rocket scientist Wernher von Braun, General Hans Kammler was responsible for the construction of Hitler’s slave labor sites and concentration camps. He personally altered the design of Auschwitz to increase crowding, ensuring that epidemic diseases would complement the work of the gas chambers. Why has the world forgotten this monster? Kammler was declared dead after the war. But the aide who testified to Kammler’s supposed “suicide” never produced the general’s dog tags or any other proof of death. Dean Reuter, Colm Lowery, and Keith Chester have spent decades on the trail of the elusive Kammler, uncovering documents unseen since the 1940s and visiting the purported site of Kammler’s death, now in the Czech Republic. Their astonishing discovery: US government documents prove that Hans Kammler was in American custody for months after the war—well after his officially declared suicide. And what happened to him after that? Kammler was kept out of public view, never indicted or tried, but to what end? Did he cooperate with Nuremberg prosecutors investigating Nazi war crimes? Was he protected so the United States could benefit from his intimate knowledge of the Nazi rocket program and Germany’s secret weapons? The Hidden Nazi is true history more harrowing—and shocking—than the most thrilling fiction.
  operation paperclip: German Rocketeers in the Heart of Dixie Monique Laney, 2015-01-01 This thought-provoking study by historian Monique Laney focuses on the U.S. government-assisted integration of German rocket specialists and their families into a small southern community at the end of World War II. In 1950, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket experts relocated to Huntsville, Alabama, a town that would celebrate the team, despite their essential role in the Nazi war effort a decade earlier, for their contributions to the U.S. Army missile program and later to NASA's space program. Based on oral histories, provided by members of the African American and Jewish communities, the rocketeers' families, and co-workers, friends, and neighbors, Laney's book demonstrates how the histories of German Nazism and Jim Crow in the American South intertwine in narratives about the past. This is a critical reassessment of a singular time that links the Cold War, the “Space Race,” and the Civil Rights era while addressing important issues of transnational science and technology, and asking Americans to consider their country's own history of racism when reflecting on the Nazi past.
  operation paperclip: NASA, Nazis & JFK Kenn Thomas, William Torbitt, 1996 In 1970 a photocopied manuscript began circulating among conspiracy researchers entitled 'Nomenclature of an Assassination Cabal' by William Torbitt (a pseudonym). The Torbitt Document was a damning expose of J Edgar Hoover, Lyndon Johnson, John Connally and Werner von Braun, among many others, for their role in the assassination of President John F Kennedy. This first published edition of the Torbitt Document emphasizes what the manuscript says about the link between Operation Paperclip Nazi scientists working for NASA, the Defence Industrial Security Command (DISC), the assassination of JFK, and the secret Nevada air base known as Area 51. The Torbitt Document illuminates the darker side of NASA, the Military Industrial Complex, and the connections to Mercury, Nevada, and the Area 51 complex which headquarters the 'secret space programme'.
  operation paperclip: Operation Mockingbird Linda Baletsa, 2013-11-14 OPERATION MOCKINGBIRD MIRRORS TODAY'S HEADLINES WITH ITS STUNNING REVELATIONS ABOUT THE DARK RECESSES OF MEDIA MANIPULATION. Miami journalist Matt Connelly returns home from the Middle East eager to resume his once successful writing career. He soon learns that a powerful public relations firm is manufacturing the news and feeding this propaganda to an unsuspecting public. Reporters who don't go along are being intimidated, tortured -- or worse. This firm will stop at nothing to maintain the spin, including murder. Matt Connelly vows to expose the truth as well as the unholy alliance among business, the government and the media but soon finds himself on the run from those determined to silence him.
  operation paperclip: Dark Fleet Len Kasten, 2020-03-10 Reveals the Nazi-Reptilian infiltration of the U.S. government, their secret space program, and their slave colonies throughout the solar system • Details “Operation Paperclip,” which enabled Nazis and their Reptilian partners to infiltrate the U.S. military-industrial complex, including NASA and the CIA • Reveals their interstellar space ports in Antarctica and on Mars, their base on the Moon, and their alien technologies, including nano-technology, antigravity propulsion, mass mind control, and hyperdimensional teleportation capabilities • Shares testimonies from American and British “supersoldiers” who participated in the “20 and Back” age-regression programs, revealing advanced human technology and our Space Armada that constitutes a counter-balance to the Nazi Dark Fleet The Nazis did not really lose World War II. They made it appear that way in order to divert attention from the alliance between the Fourth Reich and the race of aliens known as the Reptilians--an ancient galactic civilization obsessed with conquest and domination. After the German surrender in 1945, the Nazi-Reptilian alliance infiltrated the U.S. military-industrial complex. Through “Operation Paperclip,” the Nazis and Reptilians removed their political opponents, such as the Kennedys, and moved into policy-making positions in post-war America, infiltrating aerospace companies, banking, media, and the U.S. government, including NASA and the CIA. But their real target was not the United States--it was the solar system. As Len Kasten reveals in startling detail--including revelations of antigravity propulsion technology, alien techniques of mass mind control, and hyperdimensional teleportation capabilities--the Nazi-Reptilian alliance used their newfound power, wealth, and influence to launch a Secret Space Program with interstellar spaceports in Antarctica and on Mars as well as an eleven-story base of operations on the Moon. They commenced mining and manufacturing operations on Mars and Ceres, forming colonies there and elsewhere in the solar system. And, most shocking, they have used thousands of human slaves, easily transported in their spaceships, for both work and sexual exploitation. Sharing testimonies from American and British “supersoldiers” who participated in the “20 and Back” age-regression programs, Kasten reveals the various forces inside and outside government that are resisting the Nazis and thwarting Reptilian attempts to achieve total dominance of the planet and the solar system. The U.S.-led Secret Space Program has its own fleet of spaceships, the Solar Warden Space Armada, which patrols the edges of the solar system and poses a growing threat to the Nazi Dark Fleet.
  operation paperclip: Grey Wolf Simon Dunstan, Gerrard Williams, 2011-10-04 Did Hitler—code name “Grey Wolf”—really die in 1945? Gripping new evidence shows what could have happened. The basis for the titular documentary. When Truman asked Stalin in 1945 whether Hitler was dead, Stalin replied bluntly, “No.” As late as 1952, Eisenhower declared: “We have been unable to unearth one bit of tangible evidence of Hitler’s death.” What really happened? Simon Dunstan and Gerrard Williams have compiled extensive evidence—some recently declassified—that Hitler actually fled Berlin and took refuge in a remote Nazi enclave in Argentina. The recent discovery that the famous “Hitler’s skull” in Moscow is female, as well as newly uncovered documents, provide powerful proof for their case. Dunstan and Williams cite people, places, and dates in over 500 detailed notes that identify the plan’s escape route, vehicles, aircraft, U-boats, and hideouts. Among the details: the CIA’s possible involvement and Hitler’s life in Patagonia—including his two daughters. “Describes a ghastly pantomime played out in the names of the Fuhrer and the woman who had been his mistress.” —The Sun “Grey Wolf is more than a conspiracy yarn . . . Its authors show Hitler’s escape was possible . . . a gripping read.” —South China Morning Post “Remarkable detail.” —Sir David Frost, Frost Over the World “Stunning saga of intrigue.” —Pravda “Stunning account of the last days of the Reich.” —Parapolitical.com “I thought the book was hugely thought-provoking and explores some of the untold, murky loose ends of World War Two.” —Dan Snow, broadcaster and historian, The One Show BBC 1 “Laid out in lavish detail.” —Daily Mail
  operation paperclip: Six Million Paper Clips Peter W. Schroeder, Dagmar Schroeder-Hildebrand, 2014-01-01 The true story of students who helped quantify the horrors of the Holocaust At a middle school in a small, all white, all Protestant town in Tennessee, a special after-school class was started to teach the kids about the Holocaust, and the importance of tolerance. The students had a hard time imagining what six million was (the number of Jews the Nazis killed), so they decided to collect six million paperclips, a symbol used by the Norwegians to show solidarity with their Jewish neighbors during World War II. German journalists Dagmar and Peter Schroeder, whose involvement brought the project international attention, tell the dramatic story of how the Paper Clip Project grew, culminating in the creation of The Children's Holocaust Memorial.
  operation paperclip: V2 Robert Harris, 2020-11-17 A gripping thriller from the bestselling author of Munich and Fatherland. The first rocket will hit London in five minutes. You have six minutes to stop the second. Rudi Graf has dreamt since childhood of sending a rocket to the moon. Instead, along with his friend Werner von Braun, he has helped create the world's most sophisticated weapon—the V2 ballistic missile, capable of delivering a one-ton warhead at three times the speed of sound. In a desperate gamble to avoid defeat, Hitler orders 10,000 to be built. Now, in the winter of 1944, Graf finds himself in a bleak seaside town in Occupied Holland. Haunted and disillusioned, he's tasked with firing the V2s at London. Nobody understands the volatile, deadly machine better than he does. Kay Caton-Walsh is an officer in the WAAF. She has experienced first-hand the horror of a V2 strike. As the rockets rain down, she joins a unit of WAAFs on a mission to newly-liberated Belgium. Armed with little more than a slide rule and a few equations, the hope is that Kay and her colleagues can locate and destroy the launch sites. But at this stage in the war it's hard to know who, if anyone, you can trust. For every action on one side, there is an equal and opposite reaction on the other. As the death toll soars, the separate stories of Graf and Kay ricochet off one another, until in a final explosion of violence their destinies are forced together.
  operation paperclip: Hitler's Monsters Eric Kurlander, 2017-06-06 “A dense and scholarly book about . . . the relationship between the Nazi party and the occult . . . reveals stranger-than-fiction truths on every page.”—Daily Telegraph The Nazi fascination with the occult is legendary, yet today it is often dismissed as Himmler’s personal obsession or wildly overstated for its novelty. Preposterous though it was, however, supernatural thinking was inextricable from the Nazi project. The regime enlisted astrology and the paranormal, paganism, Indo-Aryan mythology, witchcraft, miracle weapons, and the lost kingdom of Atlantis in reimagining German politics and society and recasting German science and religion. In this eye-opening history, Eric Kurlander reveals how the Third Reich’s relationship to the supernatural was far from straightforward. Even as popular occultism and superstition were intermittently rooted out, suppressed, and outlawed, the Nazis drew upon a wide variety of occult practices and esoteric sciences to gain power, shape propaganda and policy, and pursue their dreams of racial utopia and empire. “[Kurlander] shows how swiftly irrational ideas can take hold, even in an age before social media.”—The Washington Post “Deeply researched, convincingly authenticated, this extraordinary study of the magical and supernatural at the highest levels of Nazi Germany will astonish.”—The Spectator “A trustworthy [book] on an extraordinary subject.”—The Times “A fascinating look at a little-understood aspect of fascism.”—Kirkus Reviews “Kurlander provides a careful, clear-headed, and exhaustive examination of a subject so lurid that it has probably scared away some of the serious research it merits.”—National Review
  operation paperclip: The Scourge of the Swastika Edward Frederick Langley Russell Baron Russell of Liverpool, 1954 Ch. 6 (pp. 163-225), Concentration Camps, contains a short history of the most notorious Nazi concentration and extermination camps (e.g. Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald, and Ravensbrück) and describes the murder process in them. Ch. 7 (pp. 226-250), The 'Final Solution' of the Jewish Question, focuses on Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda and on the persecution and killing of Jews in German-occupied areas (Poland, the USSR, France, the Netherlands, Hungary, etc.).
  operation paperclip: Taking Nazi Technology Douglas M. O'Reagan, 2021-03-30 Intriguing, real-life espionage stories bring to life a comparative history of the Allies' efforts to seize, control, and exploit German science and technology after the Second World War. During the Second World War, German science and technology posed a terrifying threat to the Allied nations. These advanced weapons, which included rockets, V-2 missiles, tanks, submarines, and jet airplanes, gave troubling credence to Nazi propaganda about forthcoming wonder-weapons that would turn the war decisively in favor of the Axis. After the war ended, the Allied powers raced to seize intellectual reparations from almost every field of industrial technology and academic science in occupied Germany. It was likely the largest-scale technology transfer in history. In Taking Nazi Technology, Douglas M. O'Reagan describes how the Western Allies gathered teams of experts to scour defeated Germany, seeking industrial secrets and the technical personnel who could explain them. Swarms of investigators invaded Germany's factories and research institutions, seizing or copying all kinds of documents, from patent applications to factory production data to science journals. They questioned, hired, and sometimes even kidnapped hundreds of scientists, engineers, and other technical personnel. They studied technologies from aeronautics to audiotapes, toy making to machine tools, chemicals to carpentry equipment. They took over academic libraries, jealously competed over chemists, and schemed to deny the fruits of German invention to any other land—including that of other Allied nations. Drawing on declassified records, O'Reagan looks at which techniques worked for these very different nations, as well as which failed—and why. Most importantly, he shows why securing this technology, how the Allies did it, and when still matters today. He also argues that these programs did far more than spread German industrial science: they forced businessmen and policymakers around the world to rethink how science and technology fit into diplomacy, business, and society itself.
  operation paperclip: Alabama Edwin C. Bridges, 2016-10-25 A thorough, accessible, and heavily illustrated history of Alabama Alabama: The Making of an American State is itself a watershed event in the long and storied history of the state of Alabama. Here, presented for the first time ever in a single, magnificently illustrated volume, Edwin C. Bridges conveys the magisterial sweep of Alabama’s rich, difficult, and remarkable history with verve, eloquence, and an unblinking eye. From Alabama’s earliest fossil records to its settlement by Native Americans and later by European settlers and African slaves, from its territorial birth pangs and statehood through the upheavals of the Civil War and the civil rights movement, Bridges makes evident in clear, direct storytelling the unique social, political, economic, and cultural forces that have indelibly shaped this historically rich and unique American region. Illustrated lavishly with maps, archival photographs, and archaeological artifacts, as well as art works, portraiture, and specimens of Alabama craftsmanship—many never before published—Alabama: The Making of an American State makes evident as rarely seen before Alabama’s most significant struggles, conflicts, achievements, and developments. Drawn from decades of research and the deep archival holdings of the Alabama Department of Archives and History, this volume will be the definitive resource for decades to come for anyone seeking a broad understanding of Alabama’s evolving legacy.
  operation paperclip: Secrets, Lies and Democracy Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian, 1994 A straight no nonsense book about democracy
  operation paperclip: Moonglow Michael Chabon, 2016-11-22 Following on the heels of his New York Times–bestselling novel Telegraph Avenue, Pulitzer Prize–winning author Michael Chabon delivers another literary masterpiece: a novel of truth and lies, family legends, and existential adventure—and the forces that work to destroy us. In 1989, fresh from the publication of his first novel, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, Michael Chabon traveled to his mother’s home in Oakland, California, to visit his terminally ill grandfather. Tongue loosened by powerful painkillers, memory stirred by the imminence of death, Chabon’s grandfather shared recollections and told stories the younger man had never heard before, uncovering bits and pieces of a history long buried and forgotten. That dreamlike week of revelations forms the basis of the novel Moonglow, the latest feat of legerdemain in the ongoing magic act that is the art of Michael Chabon. Moonglow unfolds as the deathbed confession, made to his grandson, of a man the narrator refers to only as “my grandfather.” It is a tale of madness, of war and adventure, of sex and desire and ordinary love, of existential doubt and model rocketry, of the shining aspirations and demonic underpinnings of American technological accomplishment at mid-century and, above all, of the destructive impact—and the creative power—of the keeping of secrets and the telling of lies. A gripping, poignant, tragicomic, scrupulously researched and wholly imaginary transcript of a life that spanned the dark heart of the twentieth century, Moonglow is also a tour de force of speculative history in which Chabon attempts to reconstruct the mysterious origins and fate of Chabon Scientific, Co., an authentic mail-order novelty company whose ads for scale models of human skeletons, combustion engines and space rockets were once a fixture in the back pages of Esquire, Popular Mechanics and Boy’s Life. Along the way Chabon devises and reveals, in bits and pieces whose hallucinatory intensity is matched only by their comic vigor and the radiant moonglow of his prose, a secret history of his own imagination. From the Jewish slums of prewar South Philadelphia to the invasion of Germany, from a Florida retirement village to the penal utopia of New York’s Wallkill Prison, from the heyday of the space program to the twilight of “the American Century,” Moonglow collapses an era into a single life and a lifetime into a single week. A lie that tells the truth, a work of fictional non-fiction, an autobiography wrapped in a novel disguised as a memoir, Moonglow is Chabon at his most daring, his most moving, his most Chabonesque.
Operation Paperclip - Wikipedia
Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken from former Nazi Germany to the U.S. for government employment after the end of World War II in Europe, between 1945 and 1959; several were former members of the Nazi Party.

What Was Operation Paperclip? - HISTORY
Jun 2, 2014 · In a covert affair originally dubbed Operation Overcast but later renamed Operation Paperclip, roughly 1,600 of these German scientists (along with their families) were brought to the United...

The Horrible Secrets of Operation Paperclip: An Interview with …
Apr 13, 2014 · What was Operation Paperclip? Operation Paperclip was a classified program to bring Nazi scientists to America right after World War II. It had, however, a benign public face.

Operation Paperclip | Definition, History, & World War II
6 days ago · Project Paperclip, U.S. government program that sponsored the post-World War II immigration of German and Austrian scientists and technicians to the United States in order to exploit their knowledge for military and industrial purposes.

Project Paperclip and American Rocketry after World War II
Mar 31, 2023 · Project Paperclip was the second name for a program to bring German and Austrian engineers, scientists, and technicians to the United States after the end of World War II in Europe. Known by many today as “Operation Paperclip,” which is actually a misnomer, it was originally called Project Overcast.

Why the U.S. Government Brought Nazi Scientists to America …
Nov 16, 2016 · Jacobson wrote about both the mission and the scientists in her book, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program That Brought Nazi Scientists To America.

Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring …
Volume 58, No. 3 (September 2014) Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring Nazi Scientists to America

Fact check: Nazi scientists brought to U.S. in Operation Paperclip
Sep 16, 2020 · Operation Paperclip was a secret initiative launched by the U.S. government to recruit German engineers, doctors, physicists, chemists and other scientific experts for U.S. technological ...

What Was Operation Paperclip? The Secret US Intelligence …
Aug 20, 2024 · Project Paperclip, popularly known as Operation Paperclip was a program devised by US intelligence programs to bring valuable German scientists to the United States. As Nazi Germany lost power, the United States government sought its most valuable scientists—regardless of their actions.

Remembering ‘Operation Paperclip,’ when national security
Apr 1, 2014 · These were Hitler's top weapons makers. And Operation Paperclip became a classified military program to bring them to the United States. It also had a public face.

Row Crops to Rocket Ships: How the Arrival of NASA Helped …
opened in 1950, most of Huntsville’s scientific opportunities came from Operation Paperclip’s arrival in the city. A research institute and the Marshall Space Flight Center was still ten years away from opening.5 Historians have analyzed the federal investment in education and housing in the South.6 How government programs such

REMEMBERING SPACE AGE - MIT
Chapter 12 Creating Memories: Myth, Identity, and Culture in the russian Space age1 Slava Gerovitch t he Nobel prize laureate Orhan pamuk’s novel, The White Castle, is a subtle relection on the power of memory. Living in 17th-century Istanbul, two main protagonists, an Italian scholar and a turkish noble, share their most

The Yugoslav ‘Operation Paperclip’: German Geologists in …
Marko Miljković, PhD, The Yugoslav Operation Paperclip : German Geologists ...11 these estimates, this mission also found “that the leading German nuclear scientists – Otto Hahn and Werner Heisenberg among them - had fallen into Western hands.”14 This was an interlude to Operation Osoaviakhim, the Soviet response to Opera-tion Paperclip.

Brian E. Crim. Our Germans: Project Paperclip and the …
The title of Brian E. Crim’s book on Operation Paperclip is based on a Bob Hope joke following the Soviet launch of Sputnik in October 1957. “Their German rocket scientists,” Hope quipped, were “better than our German rocket scientists” (p. 3). In retelling the story, Crim reminds us that the US program to offer contracts, and eventually

U.S. Policy and German Scientists: The Early Cold War - JSTOR
In defending themselves against criticism of Operation Ossa-vakim - the mass evacuation of German scientists and technicians and their fam-ilies from East Germany and Berlin during the night of 21-22 October 1946-the Russians accused the Americans and British of …

Operation Paperclip
wir das Buch „Operation Paperclip“ von Annie Jacobsen entschlüsseln. In der Nachwirkung des Zweiten Weltkriegs, als sich der Staub über den verwüsteten Schlachtfeldern Europas legte, entfaltete sich leise eine geheime Operation von beispiellosem Ausmaß. Operation Paperclip, wie sie genannt wurde, sollte unwiderruflich die Richtung der

- departments of Justice and Defense, as well as the Archives
Paperclip and its successor projects through the early 1970s. The most famous of these was 'Operation Paperclip's code name was said to have originated because scientific recruits' papers were paperclipped with regular immigration forms. The JIOA was a …

The GreaT Oil COnspiraCy - d2fahduf2624mg.cloudfront.net
Jun 22, 2020 · 2. Operation Paperclip Declassified Files 3..S. Strategic Bombing Survey U Most of these exhibits are published here for the first time. Declassified documents: schematic diagrams, Nazi FT plant construction, WWII combined intelligence assessments, Nazi FT plants. Source: National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

Dr. Strangelove or: A Satirical Commentary on the Cold War
A direct reference to Operation Paperclip which was a program run by the United States government after World War II that recruited top ex-Nazi scientists and brought them to the United States to work on things like the development of nuclear weapons.[6] Stanley Kubrick

Operation Paperclip - Archive.org
PROL OGU E Th is is a b ook a b ou t N a z i scie n tists a n d Am e r ica n g ove r n m e n t se cr e ts. I t is a b ou t h ow d a r k tr u th s ca n b e h id d e n fr om th e p u b lic b y U.S. officia ls in th e n a m e of

MIT Open Access Articles Operation Epsilon: Science, History, …
to those events are a part of the transcript. The entire operation had the code name Operation Epsilon. The full transcripts were declassified only in 1993. They were published in England under the title Operation Epsilon: The Farm Hall Transcripts and in the states as Hitler’s Uranium Club, superbly edited by Jeremy Bernstein. Besides

About the Editor - NASA
Chapter 6: Operation Paperclip in Huntsville,Alabama— Monique Laney .....89 Chapter 7:The Great Leap Upward: China’s Human Spacelight Program and Chinese National Identity—James R. Hansen..... 109 Chapter 8:“The ‘Right’ Stuf: The Reagan Revolution and the

PAPERCLIP” Bringing German Specialists to the U.S.
Aug 4, 2016 · Klaus Huber will provide a first-hand look at WWII’s “Project Paperclip,” when he is the guest speaker at Mound Science & Energy Museum Lecture Series. This most informative speech will take place on April 27, beginning at 7:00 PM. The Museum is located at 1075 Mound Road, Miamisburg, Ohio. Program is free and open to the public.

Project Paperclip: Nazis in America - Doug Riggs
the government has passed it off as a short-term operation limited to an innocent investigation of Germany’s scientists after World War II. In reality, Project Paperclip, as documented by authors such as John Loftus in his book The Belarus Secret, was the largest and longest-running

“Scientific Ammunition to Fire at Congress:” Intelligence, …
SAG in OVERCAST, PAPERCLIP (note 6), or intelligence and reparations. Similarly, histories of LUSTY and the SAG fail to follow the trail of intelligence into congressional hearings after the war. Histories of LUSTY are too general to provide details about the SAG, while histories of the SAG are too narrow to have connections with PAPERCLIP.

Exploiting Nazi Science and Technology and the History of …
Jumping to postwar exploitation, B rian Crim s account of Operation Paperclip focuses on the place of the German exploitation effort in the devel-opmentoftheAmericanmilitary-industrialcomplexafterthewar.Heobserves that taking German scientists to the United States, particularly von Braun s

Operation Paperclip The Secret Intelligence Progra (PDF)
Operation Paperclip Annie Jacobsen,2014-02-11 The remarkable story of America s secret post WWII science programs The Boston Globe from the New York Times bestselling author of Area 51 In the chaos following World War II the U S government faced many difficult

PAPERCLIP” Bringing German Specialists to the U.S.
Aug 4, 2016 · HISTORY OF POST WORLD WAR II’s “PROJECT PAPERCLIP”: Bringing German Specialists to the U.S.A. Klaus Huber will provide a first-hand look at WWII’s “Project Paperclip,” when he is the guest speaker at Mound Science & Energy Museum Lecture Series. This most informative speech will take place on April 27, beginning at 7:00 PM.

Dr. Mengele, USA Style: Lessons from Human Rights Abuses …
scientists into the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. Section 4 presents a number of human rights abuses that occurred domestically during the Cold War at the behest of the U.S. government. Section 5 con - cludes with a discussion of the implications and three responses offered by liberals to the “paradox of gov-

REMEMBERING SPACE AGE
Chapter 6: Operation Paperclip in Huntsville,Alabama— Monique Laney .....89 Chapter 7:The Great Leap Upward: China’s Human Spacelight Program and Chinese National Identity—James R. Hansen..... 109 Chapter 8:“The ‘Right’ Stuf: The Reagan Revolution and the

Operation Paperclip The Secret Intelligence Progra .pdf
Operation Paperclip Annie Jacobsen,2014-02-11 The “remarkable” story of America's secret post-WWII science programs (The Boston Globe), from the New York Times bestselling author of Area 51. In the chaos following World War II, the U.S. government faced many difficult

WAR, CONTROVERSY, VON BRAUN’S ROCKET DEVELOPMENT …
States as part of the controversial Operation Paperclip, where they became a permanent icon in the American Military-Industrial-Complex, but with a shadow over their pasts. The Germans slowly became involved in the research and development phase of rockets. By the 1950s the group was developing new missiles, which allowed the United States to

114 Max Planck: My Audience with Adolf Hitler - Springer
5Despite this appeal, 'Operation Paperclip' (see footnote 2, doc. 112) continued into the 1950's, organizing the employment of hundreds of German scientists (some of them former members of the NSDAP, SA or SS) in American weapons development programs.

Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative - Springer
developed the V-2 through “operation paperclip,” which attracted, among others, Germany’s venerable aeronautical engineer, Wernher von Braun.3 By the end of World War II, “120 German rocket engineers were working for the Americans at Fort Bliss, Texas.”4 Intercepting and destroying ballistic missiles proved, however, to be a

Digital Commons @ Butler University
President Truman’s Operation Paperclip suggests how the United States was willing to use all means possible assert itself as a dominant global superpower, even if it meant using intellectual capital from Nazi Germany. He developed this operation for …

GERMAN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, WWII
Operation Freshman: The Hunt for Hitler’s Heavy Water. [Translated by Tim Dinan] Stockholm, Sweden: Leandoer & Ekholm, 2007. 202 p. D802.N7.B4713. ... Operation Paperclip in Germany-Occupation 1944-49; & Nuclear. Title: USAMHI Germany - WWII - Home Front Author:

The Yugoslav ‘Operation Paperclip’: German Geologists in …
Marko Miljković, PhD, The Yugoslav Operation Paperclip : German Geologists ...11 these estimates, this mission also found “that the leading German nuclear scientists – Otto Hahn and Werner Heisenberg among them - had fallen into Western hands.”14 This was an interlude to Operation Osoaviakhim, the Soviet response to Opera-tion Paperclip.

National Case Set (2022-2023) - Squarespace
Operation Paperclip In the aftermath of World War II, United States intelligence smuggled over 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians out of Germany and into the U.S. in a covert program called Operation Paperclip.1 The U.S. government went to great lengths to whitewash the pasts of these former Nazis, some of whom were involved in despicable war crimes.

2018 America's Favorite Nazi: How Wernher von Braun …
Germany through the Central Intelligence Agency’s Operation Paperclip, he traded his loyalty and citizenship in exchange for lending his expertise in rocketry to his new country.2 While working under the Nazi regime, von Braun made a name for himself as a leading expert in rocketry through his indispensable work on the V-1 and V-2 missiles.

Objective List of German and Austrian Scientists. (1,600
1 Objective List of German and Austrian Scientists. (1,600 “Scientists”) Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency. 2 January 1947. Name and Address Field

Strategic Internationalism and the Transfer of Technical …
In an operation known as Project Paperclip, the victors transferred tons of technical documents and hardware, together with hundreds of engineers and scientists, to the United States for the benefit of research laboratories run by the army, navy, air force, other government agencies,

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P 411 A-a. 411P:irr: , •••• f 411 Headquarters United States Forces In Austria 1 7253 4 164, INTEA416-07 °°Z477110r, DiViSiat 6sus4 8 August 1i)49 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE

Rules and Regulations - Lake Region Village
1 Revised: October 19, 2021 Lake Region Village 31850 U.S. Hwy 27 South Haines City, Florida 33844 Rules and Regulations PURPOSE AND INTENT Lake Region Village is owned and operated by resident certificate holders who have formed Lake

Nuclear War: A Scenario - پاپیروس
A L S O B Y A N N I E J A C O B S E N Area 51 Operation Paperclip The Pentagon’s Brain Phenomena Surprise, Kill, Vanish First Platoon

Video 249: The Antediluvian Aryan Race and the World …
the so-called Operation Paperclip. It turns out that the Vril Society worked on developing free energy; Nazi Germany did the same, von Braun and his team did the same, and now Steven Greer is on the team since a few decades back. The question is, whom are they all working for? Something to ponder and to connect the dots.

Operation Paperclip Phenomena - Internet Archive
contents part i • • • • • • chapter one the panopticon chapter two the two will wests chapter three the hijacker’s fingerprints chapter four the biometric belly button part ii • • • • • • chapter five geography is destiny chapter six kabul is burning chapter seven murder, mayhem, and consequence management chapter eight battle damage assessment

Fully implantable wireless brain-computer interface for …
that N1 directly interfaces with the brain cortex, while NEO is positioned above the dura (Figure 1). These two approaches, namely full-invasive and

Operation Paperclip - casinoarts.info
Paperclip was the codename for a secret operation conducted by US intelligence services during the final days of World War II. The mission was to extract Nazi scientists specializing in rocketry, chemical weapons, and medicine from Germany during the collapse of the Nazi government. As a direct result of Operation Paperclip, over 700 members

OPERATION HYDRA-THE BOMBING OF PEENEMUENDE
we were very lucky twice that night. For our family the operation Hydra was also a blessing in disguise. It caused the wind-tunnel operation to be moved to Kochel south of Munich which happened to be in the American zone at the end of the war. In 1946 my father was brought to the US on operation paperclip and the family followed a year later.

Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Conference, 8–10 April 2021
iii This investigation brought about the unearthing of programs by the NSA, FBI, IRS, and CIA that all undermined the value of American liberty, including COINTELPRO, the FBI’s attempt at civil control by infiltrating and creating chaos in groups

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - preterhuman.net
Paperclip was a short-term operation limited to a few postwar raids on Hitler's hoard of scientific talent. The General Accounting Office even claims that the project ended in 1947.1 All of which is sheer propaganda. For the first time ever, this' book reveals that Paperclip was

Number 90 RECORDS OF ,THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC …
INTRODUCTION The or~gms of the United States J~ntarctic Service, 1939-43, which carried out the official Antarctic expedition of 1939-41, are documented in widely scattered official and, private papers that have been but par­ tially surveyed and studied. Any full presentation of the background will have to await further research.

7KLV GRFXPHQW LV PDGH DYDLODEOH WKURXJK WKH …
Operation Paperclip (originally Operation Overcast) (1949-1990) was the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) program in which over 1,500 German scientists, engineers, and technlcians from Nazi Germany and other foreign countries were brought to the United States for employment-'in the aftermath of World War II. Retrieved from

The Starfish exo-atmospheric, high altitude nuclear weapons …
• HARDTACK = Operation HARDTACK was a nuclear testing series conducted in Nevada • Starfish Prime = nuclear test in space in 1962 To be published on nepp.nasa.gov previously presented by E.G. Stassinopoulos at the Hardened Electronics and Radiation Technology (HEART) 2015 Conference, Chantilly, VA, April 22, 2015. 2.

Central Intelligence Agency - The Black Vault
Operation Paperclip was a program to recruit former Nazi scientists. Some of these scientists studied torture and brainwashing, and several hadjustbeeri identified and prosecuted as war criminals during the Nuremberg Trials.[9][IOJ Several secret U.S. government projects grew out of'Operation Paperclip. These projects included Project

Smithsonian Institution
Subject: Image Created Date: 10/2/2014 3:21:54 PM

For almost - denix.osd.mil
Mar 1, 2016 · what was called Operation Paperclip, Fort Bliss became the center of research of the German V-2 rocket research led by, German Scientist Wernher Von Braun as well as the devel-opment of the fi rst ABMs. German V-2 rocket The fi rst pilotless aircrafts (PAC) to be used effective-ly in warfare was the German V-1 rocket often called

Operation Paperclip Phenomena - Archive.org
contents part i • • • • • • chapter one the panopticon chapter two the two will wests chapter three the hijacker’s fingerprints chapter four the biometric belly button part ii • • • • • • chapter five geography is destiny chapter six kabul is burning chapter seven murder, mayhem, and consequence management chapter eight battle damage assessment

Begin Reading - HowardNema.com
Operation Paperclip was a postwar U.S. intelligence program that brought German scientists to America under secret military contracts. The program had a benign public face and a classified body of secrets and lies. “I’m mad on technology,” Adolf Hitler told his inner circle at a dinner party in

AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND KIRTLAND AIR FORCE …
ABSTRACT Operation FISHBOWL is a proposed series of high altitude nuclear effects tests to be performed d~ring 1 E?zrch 1962 to 1 June 1962. is concluded that the three intermediate altitude shots have higher priority. -Thesotiu b, paae bore The Thor launched from Jokston Island is suit- =-mi able as a warhead carrier. Burst phenomenology Pis been examined and uC%r