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What Countries Have Prime Ministers? A Comprehensive Guide
Are you curious about the diverse political landscapes of the world? Understanding the different forms of government is crucial to grasping global dynamics. This comprehensive guide delves into the question: "What countries have prime ministers?" We'll explore the role of a prime minister, the systems where they operate, and provide a detailed list of nations employing this crucial position within their governmental structures. Get ready to expand your geopolitical knowledge!
Understanding the Role of a Prime Minister
Before diving into which countries utilize a prime minister, let's clarify the position's function. A prime minister is the head of government in a parliamentary system. This differs significantly from a presidential system, where the president holds both the head of state and head of government roles. In a parliamentary system, the head of state (often a monarch or president) largely holds a ceremonial position, while the prime minister wields executive power, leading the government and its cabinet.
The prime minister's responsibilities typically include:
Leading the Cabinet: Appointing and overseeing ministers responsible for various government departments.
Formulating Policy: Developing and implementing the government's agenda, often in collaboration with the cabinet and parliament.
Managing Legislation: Guiding bills through the legislative process and ensuring their passage.
Representing the Country: Acting as a spokesperson for the nation in international affairs.
Parliamentary Systems: The Foundation for Prime Ministers
The existence of a prime minister is intrinsically linked to a parliamentary system of government. These systems are characterized by a close relationship between the executive branch (the government) and the legislative branch (the parliament). Typically, the prime minister and their cabinet are drawn from the majority party or coalition in parliament. This ensures a degree of accountability, as the government's survival depends on maintaining parliamentary support. The lack of this support can lead to a vote of no confidence, resulting in the government's resignation.
A Global List of Countries with Prime Ministers
Providing an exhaustive list of every single country with a prime minister is challenging due to evolving political landscapes and nuances in governmental structures. However, we can highlight some key examples across various continents:
#### Commonwealth Realms:
Many Commonwealth realms, former British colonies, retain the monarchy as the head of state but operate under parliamentary systems with a prime minister. Examples include:
Canada: A prominent example of a constitutional monarchy with a prime minister.
Australia: Similar to Canada, Australia operates under a parliamentary system with a prime minister as head of government.
New Zealand: Another nation within the Commonwealth with a prime minister leading its government.
Jamaica: A Caribbean nation with a parliamentary system and a prime minister.
United Kingdom: The UK, a constitutional monarchy, has a prime minister who leads the government.
#### Other Nations with Prime Ministers:
Beyond the Commonwealth realms, numerous other countries utilize parliamentary systems:
India: The world's largest democracy, with a prime minister at its helm.
Japan: A highly developed nation with a parliamentary system and prime minister.
Germany: A leading European power utilizing a parliamentary system with a chancellor (similar to a prime minister).
Israel: A nation with a parliamentary system and a prime minister.
Italy: A European nation with a parliamentary system and prime minister.
South Africa: A nation with a complex parliamentary system and prime minister (albeit with some differences to Westminster style systems).
This list is not exhaustive; many other nations around the world operate with prime ministers.
Identifying Countries Without Prime Ministers
It's equally important to understand that many countries operate under presidential systems. In these systems, the president is both head of state and head of government, making the position of a prime minister redundant. Examples include the United States, Brazil, Russia, and many others.
Conclusion
The presence of a prime minister is a significant indicator of a nation's governmental structure. Understanding the role of a prime minister, the dynamics of parliamentary systems, and the distinction from presidential systems is essential for navigating global politics. While a fully comprehensive list is impossible due to political fluidity, this guide offers a solid overview of countries employing this key political position.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can a country have both a president and a prime minister? Yes, some countries have both. The president might be the head of state, while the prime minister is the head of government (semi-presidential systems). France is a prime example.
2. What are the main differences between a prime minister and a president? A prime minister is typically chosen from the legislature and is accountable to parliament. A president is usually directly elected by the people and has more independent authority.
3. How is a prime minister chosen? The method varies, but generally, the leader of the party (or coalition) with a majority in parliament becomes the prime minister.
4. Can a prime minister be removed from office? Yes, through a vote of no confidence in parliament or through other constitutional mechanisms.
5. Are all parliamentary systems identical? No, there's considerable variation in the specific details of parliamentary systems across different countries. Some have more powerful prime ministers than others, and the relationships between the executive and legislature can differ.
| what countries have prime ministers: John Howard, Prime Minister David Barnett, 1997 Biography of Prime Howard describing the events leading to his entry to Parliament, first as a junior minister, then treasurer in the Fraser Government, his rise to the leadership, his period in Opposition and finally his election as Prime Minister in 1996. Also examines his early years as a member of the Young Liberals. Provides information about many notable political figures, as well as discussing his family life. Includes references and an index. Barnett is a journalist and former press secretary to Malcolm Fraser, who has worked in Parliament for 25 years. Goward worked as a radio journalist with the ABC for before taking a position as the Executive Director of the Office of the Status of Women in the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Prime Ministers in Power M. Bennister, 2012-03-20 A study of prime ministerial leadership in Britain and Australia. Tony Blair and John Howard were election winning leaders in two similar countries. They succeeded in dominating politics for over 10 years, but both fell dramatically from office. This book asks how these prime ministers established such predominant positions. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Prime Ministers in Europe Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, Michelangelo Vercesi, Jan Berz, 2022 Even though the question of 'who governs' has been at the centre of political science research for a long time, a systematic comparative analysis of the profiles of prime ministers in Europe was missing. This data rich volume allows to put prime ministerial figures into perspective. Scholars will welcome the inspiring arguments on the careers of top executives. -Patrick Dumont - Professor of Political Science, Australian National University, Canberra. This is a formidable contribution to the study of prime ministers. Building on a unique database, this book shows that the nature of prime ministerial leadership has been drifting towards a more assertive role of chief executives vis-à-vis their own parties. It shows that the control of political parties over the process of government has been declining while political leaders have gained political weight. -Thomas Poguntke - Professor of Comparative Politics, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany This book presents the first comparative analysis of European prime ministerial careers. It is the result of an ambitious data collection effort and presents significant cross-temporal and cross-national changes in the experience that prime ministers bring to the highest office. The book will, without doubt, become a key reference work for the study of executive careers. -Petra Schleiter - Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Oxford, UK This book examines the changes in the career experiences and profiles of 350 European prime ministers in 26 European democracies from 1945 to 2020. It builds on a theoretical framework, which claims that the decline of party government along with the increase of populism, technocracy, and the presidentialization of politics have influenced the careers of prime ministers over the past 70 years. The findings show that prime ministers' career experiences became less political and more technical. Moreover, their career profiles shifted from a traditional type of 'party-agent' to a new type of 'party-principal'. These changes affected the recruitment of executive elites and their political representation in European democracies, albeit with different intensity and speed. Ferdinand Müller-Rommel - Professor (Emeritus) of Comparative Politics at Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany. Michelangelo Vercesi - Lecturer in Comparative Politics at Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany. Jan Berz - Assistant Professor of Political Science at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Punch and Judy Politics Ayesha Hazarika, Tom Hamilton, 2018-05-17 Prime Minister's Questions is the bear pit of British politics. Watched and admired around the world, it is often hated at home for bringing out the worst in our politicians. Yet despite successive leaders trying to get away from Punch and Judy politics, it's here to stay. Ayesha Hazarika and Tom Hamilton spent five years preparing Ed Miliband for the weekly joust, living through the highs and lows, tension and black humour of the political front line. In this insightful and often hilarious book, including an updated afterword discussing the key events of 2018, they lift the lid on PMQs and what it's really like to ready the leader for combat. Drawing on personal recollections from key players including Tony Blair, David Cameron, Harriet Harman, William Hague and Vince Cable alongside their unique knowledge, Hazarika and Hamilton take you behind the scenes of some of the biggest PMQs moments. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Chairman Or Chief? Brian Farrell, 1971 |
| what countries have prime ministers: Operations of the Civil Service United States. Congress. Select Committee to Investigate the Operations of the Civil Service, 1888 |
| what countries have prime ministers: Curtin's Empire James Curran, 2011-01-31 Reveals the story behind the leader, John Curtin, whose vision, until now, has been overlooked. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Prime Ministers Steve Richards, 2019-09-05 'Fascinating, revealing and entertaining.' John Humphrys 'A pure pleasure to read.' Polly Toynbee 'Extraordinary.' Kirsty Wark A landmark history of the men and women who have defined the UK's role in the modern world - and what makes them special - by a seasoned political journalist. At a time of unprecedented political upheaval, this magisterial history explains who leads us and why. From Harold Wilson to Theresa May, it brilliantly brings to life all nine inhabitants of 10 Downing Street over the past fifty years, vividly outlining their successes and failures - and what made each of them special. Based on unprecedented access and in-depth interviews, and inspired by the author's BBC Radio 4 and television series, Steve Richards expertly examines the men and women who have defined the UK's role in the modern world and sheds new light on the demands of the highest public office in the land. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Presidents with Prime Ministers Margit Tavits, 2009 This book is about presidents in parliamentary systems. One commonly recurring political debate within parliamentary systems is over whether or not the public should directly elect the head of state. Despite the importance of this topic in practical politics, political scientists have offered little empirical evidence, yet made bold assumptions about the consequences of popular elections for heads of state. A common argument is that direct elections enhance presidents' legitimacythereby increasing their activism and encouraging authoritarian tendencies. Another popular assumption is that direct presidential elections are more heavily contested and partisan, polarizing and dividing political elites and the electorate. Proponents of direct elections argue that such electionswill help decrease voter alienation and apathy. This book challenges the conventional wisdom. Using both quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence from democratic systems across the world, this book demonstrates that compared to indirect selection methods, direct elections do not yield more active and contentious presidents, do not polarize political elites or society, and do not remedy political apathy. Rather, presidential activism in both semi-presidential and pure parliamentarysystems is shaped by political opportunity framework - the institutional strength and partisan composition of both parliament and government. Further, because holding the presidency provides parties with an electoral asset, direct and indirect presidential elections can be equally contentious andpolarizing. Last, but not least, rather than decreasing apathy, direct election is associated with increased voter fatigue and decreased turnout in parliamentary elections by about seven percentage points. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Can Responsible Government Survive in Australia? David Hamer, 1994 |
| what countries have prime ministers: Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers David J. Samuels, Matthew S. Shugart, 2010-05-17 This book provides a framework for analyzing the impact of the separation of powers on party politics. Conventional political science wisdom assumes that democracy is impossible without political parties, because parties fulfil all the key functions of democratic governance. They nominate candidates, coordinate campaigns, aggregate interests, formulate and implement policy, and manage government power. When scholars first asserted the essential connection between parties and democracy, most of the world's democracies were parliamentary. Yet by the dawn of the twenty-first century, most democracies had directly elected presidents. David J. Samuels and Matthew S. Shugart provide a theoretical framework for analyzing variation in the relationships among presidents, parties, and prime ministers across the world's democracies, revealing the important ways that the separation of powers alters party organization and behavior - thereby changing the nature of democratic representation and accountability. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Presidents, Monarchs, and Prime Ministers Carsten Anckar, 2022-05-29 During the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in systems that combine elements of parliamentarism and presidentialism. Despite the fact that much attention has been directed towards the semi-presidential form of government in particular, it is evident that many aspects of regime forms remain unexplored. This book systematically categorises democratic political regimes with a separate head of state and government (including regimes with a monarch and prime minister, and president and PM) globally and over a long historical period 1850–2019. It analyses how regimes with a dual executive emerge and what trajectories they follow. It also explores the stability of these regimes across time and space. An important feature of this endeavour is to address actual powers of the head of state rather than constitutional provisions. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Prime Ministers in Europe Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, Michelangelo Vercesi, Jan Berz, 2022-06-24 This book examines the changes in the career experiences and profiles of 350 European prime ministers in 26 European democracies from 1945 to 2020. It builds on a theoretical framework, which claims that the decline of party government along with the increase of populism, technocracy, and the presidentialization of politics have influenced the careers of prime ministers over the past 70 years. The findings show that prime ministers’ career experiences became less political and more technical. Moreover, their career profiles shifted from a traditional type of ‘party-agent’ to a new type of ‘party-principal’. These changes affected the recruitment of executive elites and their political representation in European democracies, albeit with different intensity and speed. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics Jon Pierre, 2016 The Handbook provides a broad introduction to Swedish politics, and how Sweden's political system and policies have evolved over the past few decades. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Prime Ministers' Craft Patrick Weller, 2018-05-10 Prime ministers are presented as ever-more powerful figures; at the same time they seem to fail more regularly. How can the public image be so different from the apparent experience? This book seeks to answer this conundrum. It examines the myth that prime ministers are growing more powerful or that prime ministerial government has replaced cabinet government, and explores the way that prime ministers work and how they use the available levers of power to build support across the political system. Prime ministers have the potential to exercise extensive power; to do so they need to exercise the skills and opportunities available: that is, they need to develop the prime ministers' craft. Using evidence from four countries with similar Westminster systems, Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand, the analysis starts at the centre by examining how prime ministers reach office and how they understand their new job -- those who win elections see it differently from those who replace leaders from the same party. The book then analyses the support prime ministers have from their Prime Ministers Offices and the Cabinet Offices, exploring their relations with ministers and the way they run and use their cabinet, and explains how governments work and why prime ministers are so central to their success. The book then explores their role as public figures selling the government to the parliament and the electorate and to the international community beyond. The Prime Ministers' Craft concludes by assessing how success can be judged and identifies how the different institutional arrangements have an impact on the way prime ministers work and the degree to which they are accountable. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Governing from the Centre Donald J. Savoie, 1999-01-01 Agencies and policies instituted to streamline Ottawa's planning process instead concentrate power in the hands of the Prime Minister, more powerful in Canadian politics than the U.S. President in America. Riveting, startling, and indispensable reading. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Prime Minister and Cabinet Government Simon James, 2020-04-28 Fully revised and updated, this new edition of Simon James’s comprehensible and accessible text provides an excellent insight into the work of the Prime Minister and Cabinet government. It draws on the wealth of new material that has become available in recent years to shed light on the mechanisms and processes of the Cabinet system in Britain, focusing on the post-1979 period. Its coverage includes: ministers and their departments; collective decision-making; the role of the Prime Minister; the strengths and weaknesses of the Cabinet system; and the future of the Cabinet system. Prime Minister and Cabinet Government will give both A-level students and undergraduates a clear understanding of the realities of this central aspect of British politics. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Where Power Lies Lance Price, 2014-05-08 Britain has one of the oldest and most developed democracies on earth. It is admired and copied the world over. Yet at home British politics is frequently viewed with a mixture of derision and contempt. Why? Our democratic system may be mature but the politicians we elect and the media we rely on to tell us what they are up to often behave like difficult teenagers, calling each other names, arguing for the sake of argument and pointing the finger of blame rather than accepting responsibility. Little wonder that the public switches off, tired of all the racket and fed up with the lot of them. How did we get into this sorry state, or was it ever thus? With first-hand experience of the worlds of both journalism and politics, Lance Price looks back over almost a century of battles between the media and our political leaders to find out who is to blame. He exposes liars in Downing Street and scoundrels in Fleet Street, bullies and megalomaniacs in both. There are many wiser heads, too, who see the madness and try to find a better way of doing things. Yet are all in pursuit of the same objective? Power. They want power over each other and power over the rest of us. It is a battle without end and too often the truth is the first casualty. Where Power Liesis the story of how powerful men and women have tried for generations to twist the facts to their own ends. It puts the struggle for supremacy between journalists and politicians into perspective. And it offers a glimmer of hope for a future in which both sides grow up, learn to respect each other and trust the rest of us with that most precious of all commodities, the truth. |
| what countries have prime ministers: British Prime Ministers Robert J. Parker, 2011-03-15 A handy and accessible guide to the colourful and not so colourful characters who have held Britain's top job. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Cabinets in Western Europe Jean Blondel, Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, 2016-07-27 A fully-updated second edition of the presentation of the structure and workings of the national cabinets in Western European countries today. This book is based on a common framework which enables the reader to compare the origins, structure, composition and activities of these cabinets and to draw lessons from this comparison. Emphasis is placed on the leadership and on the character of coalitions. When West European ministers are working ever more closely together, a knowledge of the life of national cabinets is vital as is an understanding of the differences between types of cabinet decision-making in the context of the reforms proposed of Western European governments. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Women of Power Torild Skard, 2014-07-30 CHOICE OUTSTANDING ACADEMIC TITLE 2015 Do women national leaders represent a breakthrough for the women’s movement, or is women’s leadership weaker than the numbers imply? This unique book, written by an experienced politician and academic, is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of how and why women in 53 countries rose to the top in the years since World War II. Packed with fascinating case studies detailing the rise to power of all 73 female presidents and prime ministers from around the world, from 1960 (when the first was elected) to 2010, the motives, achievements and life stories of the female top leaders, including findings from interviews carried out by the author, provide a nuanced picture of women in power. The book will have wide international appeal to students, academics, government officials, women’s rights activists and political activists, as well as anyone interested in international affairs, politics, social issues, gender and equality. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Memoirs of a Revolutionary Victor Serge, 2002-11-08 |
| what countries have prime ministers: Prime Minister Boris Duncan Brack, 2011-10-06 History resting on a hair's breadth ... a man dies rather than lives, an election is lost rather than won, one minister is appointed, another dismissed, a coalition is joined, or not. Enter a world of political counterfactuals, twenty-two examinations of things that never happened - but could have. In this book a collection of distinguished commentators, including journalists, academics, former MPs and special advisers, consider how things might have turned out differently throughout a century of political history - from Lloyd George and Keynes drowning at sea in 1916 right through to Boris Johnson becoming Prime Minister in 2016. Scholarly analyses of possibilities and causalities take their place beside fictional accounts of alternate political histories - and all are guaranteed to entertain and make you think. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Impossible Office? Anthony Seldon, Jonathan Meakin, Illias Thoms, Tom Egerton, 2024-03-14 Over 300 years, fifty-seven individuals have held the office of British Prime Minister - who have been the best and worst? |
| what countries have prime ministers: The King and His Dominion Governors Herbert Vere Evatt, 1967-02-10 First Published in 1967. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Prime Ministers' Craft Patrick Moray Weller, 2018 This volume examines how prime ministers work and the means by which they choose to run their governments, and compares four parliamentary systems (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom) over the past 40 years. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders Since 1945 Peter Hennessy, 2001-10-05 He illuminates, often for the first time, precise Prime Ministerial attitudes toward, and authority over, nuclear weapons policy, the planning and waging of war, and the secret services, as well as dealing with governmental overload, the Suez crisis, and the Soviet threat. He concludes with a controversial assessment of the relative performance of each Prime Minister since 1945 and a new specification for the premiership as it meets its fourth century.--BOOK JACKET. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies Kaare Strøm, Torbjörn Bergman, Wolfgang C. Müller, 2006-01-19 Comparative Politics is a series for students and teachers of political science that deals with contemporary issues in comparative government and politics. The General Editors are Max Kaase, Professor of Political Science, Vice President and Dean, School of Humanities and Social Science, International University Bremen, Germany; and Kenneth Newton, Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Southampton. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. Today, parliamentarism is the most common form of democratic government. Yet knowledge of this regime type has been incomplete and often unsystematic. Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies offers new conceptual clarity on the topic. This book argues that representative democracies can be understood as chains of delegation and accountability between citizens and politicians. Under parliamentary democracy, this chain of delegation is simple but also long and indirect. Principal-agent theory helps us to understand the perils of democratic delegation, which include the problems of adverse selection and moral hazard. Citizens in democratic states, therefore, need institutional mechanisms by which they can control their representatives. The most important such control mechanisms are on the one hand political parties and on the other external constraints such as courts, central banks, referendums, and supranational institutions such as those of the European Union. Traditionally, parliamentary democracies have relied heavily on political parties and presidential systems more on external constraints. This new empirical investigation includes all seventeen West European parliamentary democracies. These countries are compared in a series of cross-national tables and figures, and seventeen country chapters provide a wealth of information on four discrete stages in the delegation process: delegation from voters to parliamentary representatives, delegation from parliament to the prime minister and cabinet, delegation within the cabinet, and delegation from cabinet ministers to civil servants. Each chapter illustrates how political parties serve as bonding instruments which align incentives and permit citizen control of the policy process. This is complemented by a consideration of external constraints. The concluding chapters go on to consider how well the problems of delegation and accountability are solved in these countries. They show that political systems with cohesive and competitive parties and strong mechanisms of external constraint solve their democratic agency problems better than countries with weaker control mechanisms. But in many countries political parties are now weakening, and parliamentary systems face new democratic challenges. Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies provides an unprecedented guide to contemporary European parliamentary democracies. As democratic governance is transformed at the dawn of the twenty-first century, it illustrates the important challenges faced by the parliamentary democracies of Western Europe. |
| what countries have prime ministers: A State at Any Cost Tom Segev, 2019-09-24 2019 National Jewish Book Award Finalist [A] fascinating biography . . . a masterly portrait of a titanic yet unfulfilled man . . . this is a gripping study of power, and the loneliness of power. —The Economist As the founder of Israel, David Ben-Gurion long ago secured his reputation as a leading figure of the twentieth century. Determined from an early age to create a Jewish state, he thereupon took control of the Zionist movement, declared Israel’s independence, and navigated his country through wars, controversies and remarkable achievements. And yet Ben-Gurion remains an enigma—he could be driven and imperious, or quizzical and confounding. In this definitive biography, Israel’s leading journalist-historian Tom Segev uses large amounts of previously unreleased archival material to give an original, nuanced account, transcending the myths and legends that have accreted around the man. Segev’s probing biography ranges from the villages of Poland to Manhattan libraries, London hotels, and the hills of Palestine, and shows us Ben-Gurion’s relentless activity across six decades. Along the way, Segev reveals for the first time Ben-Gurion’s secret negotiations with the British on the eve of Israel’s independence, his willingness to countenance the forced transfer of Arab neighbors, his relative indifference to Jerusalem, and his occasional “nutty moments”—from UFO sightings to plans for Israel to acquire territory in South America. Segev also reveals that Ben-Gurion first heard about the Holocaust from a Palestinian Arab acquaintance, and explores his tempestuous private life, including the testimony of four former lovers. The result is a full and startling portrait of a man who sought a state “at any cost”—at times through risk-taking, violence, and unpredictability, and at other times through compromise, moderation, and reason. Segev’s Ben-Gurion is neither a saint nor a villain but rather a historical actor who belongs in the company of Lenin or Churchill—a twentieth-century leader whose iron will and complex temperament left a complex and contentious legacy that we still reckon with today. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Oxford Handbook of Danish Politics Peter Munk Christiansen, Jørgen Elklit, Peter Nedergaard, 2020 The Oxford Handbook of Danish Politics provides the most comprehensive and thorough English language book on Danish politics ever written. It features chapters by 50 leading experts who have contributed extensively to the field they write about. Why is Denmark an interesting topic for a Handbook? In some respects, Danish political institutions and political life are very similar to that of other small, North European countries such as the other Scandinavian countries and Netherland. However, in other respects, Danish politics is interesting in its own right. For instance, Denmark has a world record in minority governments. According to standard scholarly knowledge, this should result in unstable governments and a bad economy. This is not the case, however, since Denmark has a rather stable political system and a strong and robust economy among the strongest in Europe. How? The Danes have continued reservations towards the EU despite close to 50 years of EC/EU membership, and the Danes rejected the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. Still, the EU issue is handled in ways that do not call for large political battles. How? A third example is that Denmark used to be known as a tolerant and liberal society; its Jews were almost all saved during German occupation during WWII, Denmark was the first country to free pornography, and the first country to formally register same-sex couples. Yet recent Danish politics has also been associated with xenophobia and anti-Muslim sentiments. Why? |
| what countries have prime ministers: Being Prime Minister J.D.M. Stewart, 2018-06-16 Being Prime Minister sheds light on the lives of prime ministers as ordinary people, examining them through a variety of experiences most Canadians share. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Australian Senate Practice Australia. Parliament. Senate, J. R. Odgers, 1973 |
| what countries have prime ministers: Choosing a Prime Minister Rodney Brazier, 2020-07-03 When the door closes on one prime minister's rule, what happens next? General elections are only one possible way to enter 10 Downing Street. Using all relevant constitutional conventions, precedents, non-legal codes, historical events, and laws, this title offers a comprehensive account of all the circumstances in which the premiership is attained and lost. Over seven chapters, this book follows the sequence of events starting with how a prime minister can lose office, continues on to examine the procedures that then have to be followed, and considers at length the ways in which a politician can become leader of the country. Also explored are the possible emergencies, such as the sudden serious illness or even death of a prime minister, and their constitutional responses. This book concludes by looking at whether the procedures discussed could be set out in an authoritative and user-friendly code, and a sample one is suggested. Covering historical examples and modern turmoil, this book in an essential guide for understanding the rules and processes involved in choosing a prime minister. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Where Power Stops David Runciman, 2019-08-22 Lyndon Baines Johnson, Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Barack Obama, Gordon Brown, Theresa May, and Donald Trump: each had different motivations, methods, and paths, but they all sought the highest office. And yet when they reached their goal, they often found that the power they had imagined was illusory. Their sweeping visions of reform faltered. They faced bureaucratic obstructions, but often the biggest obstruction was their own character. However, their personalities could help them as much as hurt them. Arguably the most successful of them, LBJ showed little indication that he supported what he is best known for - the Civil Rights Act - but his grit, resolve, and brute political skill saw him bend Congress to his will. David Runciman tackles the limitations of high office and how the personal histories of those who achieved the very pinnacles of power helped to define their successes and failures in office. These portraits show what characters are most effective in these offices. Could this be a blueprint for good and effective leadership in an age lacking good leaders? |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Prime Ministers We Never Had Steve Richards, 2021-09-02 BOOK OF THE YEAR, The Times, Guardian and Prospect Was Harold Wilson a bigger figure than Denis Healey? Was John Major more 'prime ministerial' than Michael Heseltine? Would David Miliband have become prime minister if it were not for his brother Ed? Would Ed have become prime minister if it were not for David? How close did Jeremy Corbyn come to being prime minister? In this piercing and original study, journalist and commentator Steve Richards looks at eleven prime ministers we never had, examining what made each of these illustrious figures unique and why they failed to make the final leap to the very top. Combining astute insights into the demands of leadership with compelling historical analysis, this fascinating exploration of failure and success sheds new light on some of the most compelling characters in British public life. |
| what countries have prime ministers: The Accidental Prime Minister Tom McLaughlin, 2015-04-02 When Joe tells a local news reporter exactly what he would do if he were leader of the country, the video goes viral and Joe's speech becomes famous all over the world! Before long, people are calling for the current leader to resign and give someone else a go . . . and that's how an ordinary boy like Joe ended up with the most extraordinary job. Now the fun can really start . . . Hats for cats! Pet pigs for all! Banana shaped buses! Swimming pools on trains! A hilarious story of one boy's meteoric rise to power! |
| what countries have prime ministers: Political Science (+2 Stage) Vol. Ii D. K. Sarmah, 1997 This Volume Consisting Of Political Theory (Part I) And The Constitution Of India (Part Ii) Practically Covers The Syllabi Prescribed By The Higher Secondary Councils/Boards Of The North Eastern States Of India As Well As The North Eastern Hill University, Shillong For The Final Year Students Of +2 Stage. As A Matter Of Fact, All The Important Topics Of The Subject Forming Part Of The Syllabi Prescribed By The Various Councils/Boards In India For The Students Of +2 Stage Have Been Incorporated In Either The Vol. I Or Vol. Ii Of This Book. This Vol Ii Thus, Roughly Contains All The Topics Essential For The Final Year Students Of The +2 Stage.Comprehensive Presentation, Clear Exposition And Brief Description, Simple, Lucid And Easy Language, Step By Step Treatment And Incorporation Of A Number Of Essay Type, Short Answer Type And Objective Type Model Questions At The End Of Every Chapter Are Its Noteworthy Features.Detailed Discussion Of Every Topic With Necessary Data Is Sure To Make The Book Extremely Helpful To The Students For Finding Out Answers To All Possible Questions, More Particularly, The Objective Type Questions Which Require Definite Information Of Facts.Degree Students Offering Political Science, Candidates Appearing At Competitive Examinations And General Readers Interested In Political Theory And Indian Constitution Will Also Find The Book Useful. |
| what countries have prime ministers: Prime Ministers of Canada Gr. 4-8 , 1970 |
| what countries have prime ministers: Romania , 1966 |
| what countries have prime ministers: The World Factbook 2003 United States. Central Intelligence Agency, 2003 By intelligence officials for intelligent people |
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Below are three tables, organized by region, that include the date of each country’s independence, the name of the most recently elected president or prime minister, and the …
Presidents with Prime Ministers: Do Direct Elections Matter?
Depending on how countries have established the relationship between their execu-tive and legislative branches, and divided power between them, one can distinguish presidential from …
IMMUNITY PROVISIONS FOR MINISTERS AND MEMBERS OF …
88 countries covered provide any protection for their ministers, while Mauritius is the only country where ministers enjoy immunity but MPs do not (World Bank Group 2013). In many countries, …
Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections
The role of prime minister is often fulfilled by the leader of the majority party or majority coalition of parliament. In presidential republics, presidents are elected directly by the people and serve as …
How are prime ministers parliamentary democracies
understanding of how prime ministers are questioned and held accountable by legislatures. The literature analysing prime ministers as political leaders has focused on comparing their power …
PRESENCE WITHOUT EMPOWERMENT? WOMEN IN POLITICS …
LAC countries have a long tradition of electing women as heads of state. In the Anglophone Caribbean, three women have served as prime minister: Maria Eugenia Charles of Dominica …
The Power of Prime Ministers: Results of an Expert Survey
Eoin O’Malley. Abstract. Prime ministers are self-evidently important actors in the politics of parliamentary democracies. While there has been an ongoing debate about prime ministerial …
LEADERSHIP STYLES OF PRIME MINISTERS: HOW INDIVIDUAL …
We will try to establish the link between prime ministers’ leadership style and how they engage in the foreign policymaking process by integrating two theoretical frameworks developed by the …
Examining Federal Debt in Canada by Prime Ministers Since …
Summary. Canada’s 23 prime ministers have each left a legacy, and each of those legacies has an effect on all Canadians. One element critical to an analysis of each prime minister is …
Former Prime Ministers and Presidents - JSTOR
As of 1983, 34 British prime ministers and United States presidents had held office during the twentieth century. Collectively, they served 166 years and had also gone on to live 310 further …
Cabinets, Prime Ministers, and Corruption: A Comparative …
Introduction. Why are some governments more corrupt than others? Why do high-level officials in some countries seem to “extract more rents” than others?
PRESIDENTS VERSUS PRIME MINISTERS - JSTOR
There are, however, significant differences in the constitutional details in the six countries: how the presidents are. chosen, what formal powers are accorded them, the circumstances. under …
Thomas Sedelius and Joakim Ekman - JSTOR
(3) there also exist a prime minister and cabinet, subject to the confidence of the assembly majority. In president-parliamentary systems (1) the president is elected by a popular vote for …
Women in Governance in South Asia - JSTOR
women politicians than any other set of countries in the world. Women have been prime ministers, leaders of major parties, heads of state and regional governments. Chandrika Kumaratunga in …
What Countries Have Prime Ministers (2024)
This comprehensive guide delves into the question: "What countries have prime ministers?" We'll explore the role of a prime minister, the systems where they operate, and provide a detailed list …
National governments: presidents and prime ministers
National governments: presidents and prime ministers Country President (elected head of state) Prime minister (head of government) Belgium (Not applicable) Prime Minister ... (EU Member …
Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential …
Twenty European countries have held or are scheduled to hold either presidential and/or parliamentary elections in 2024. are a hybrid of these systems, providing for both a directly …
The Power of Prime Ministers: Results of an Expert Survey
All the prime ministers in office betweenJanuary 1, 1980 andJanuary 1, 2000 were selected, but with a maximum of seven for each country and subject to certain conditions (the most recent …
What Countries Have Prime Ministers Full PDF
This comprehensive guide delves into the question: "What countries have prime ministers?" We'll explore the role of a prime minister, the systems where they operate, and provide a detailed list …
PSC 206 Presidents and Parliaments: Topics in Comparative …
Course Description: Have you ever wondered what proportional representation is, or why some countries have prime ministers instead of presidents, or why many European students can go …
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and …
Below are three tables, organized by region, that include the date of each country’s independence, the name of the most recently elected president or prime minister, and the …
Presidents with Prime Ministers: Do Direct Elections Matter?
Depending on how countries have established the relationship between their execu-tive and legislative branches, and divided power between them, one can distinguish presidential from …
IMMUNITY PROVISIONS FOR MINISTERS AND MEMBERS …
88 countries covered provide any protection for their ministers, while Mauritius is the only country where ministers enjoy immunity but MPs do not (World Bank Group 2013). In many countries, …
Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections
The role of prime minister is often fulfilled by the leader of the majority party or majority coalition of parliament. In presidential republics, presidents are elected directly by the people and serve as …
How are prime ministers parliamentary democracies
understanding of how prime ministers are questioned and held accountable by legislatures. The literature analysing prime ministers as political leaders has focused on comparing their power …
PRESENCE WITHOUT EMPOWERMENT? WOMEN IN POLITICS …
LAC countries have a long tradition of electing women as heads of state. In the Anglophone Caribbean, three women have served as prime minister: Maria Eugenia Charles of Dominica …
The Power of Prime Ministers: Results of an Expert Survey
Eoin O’Malley. Abstract. Prime ministers are self-evidently important actors in the politics of parliamentary democracies. While there has been an ongoing debate about prime ministerial …
LEADERSHIP STYLES OF PRIME MINISTERS: HOW …
We will try to establish the link between prime ministers’ leadership style and how they engage in the foreign policymaking process by integrating two theoretical frameworks developed by the …
Examining Federal Debt in Canada by Prime Ministers Since …
Summary. Canada’s 23 prime ministers have each left a legacy, and each of those legacies has an effect on all Canadians. One element critical to an analysis of each prime minister is …
Former Prime Ministers and Presidents - JSTOR
As of 1983, 34 British prime ministers and United States presidents had held office during the twentieth century. Collectively, they served 166 years and had also gone on to live 310 further …
Cabinets, Prime Ministers, and Corruption: A Comparative …
Introduction. Why are some governments more corrupt than others? Why do high-level officials in some countries seem to “extract more rents” than others?
PRESIDENTS VERSUS PRIME MINISTERS - JSTOR
There are, however, significant differences in the constitutional details in the six countries: how the presidents are. chosen, what formal powers are accorded them, the circumstances. under …
Thomas Sedelius and Joakim Ekman - JSTOR
(3) there also exist a prime minister and cabinet, subject to the confidence of the assembly majority. In president-parliamentary systems (1) the president is elected by a popular vote for a …
Women in Governance in South Asia - JSTOR
women politicians than any other set of countries in the world. Women have been prime ministers, leaders of major parties, heads of state and regional governments. Chandrika Kumaratunga in …
