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Relationships and Biodiversity: A Web of Life
The vibrant tapestry of life on Earth isn't just a collection of individual species; it's a complex network of intricate relationships. Understanding these relationships is key to understanding biodiversity, its fragility, and its crucial role in maintaining a healthy planet. This blog post delves into the fascinating world of relationships within biodiversity, exploring how these connections shape ecosystems, influence species survival, and ultimately impact the well-being of our planet. We’ll examine different types of relationships, their ecological significance, and the consequences of disrupting these vital links.
The Intertwined Fate of Species: Understanding Biodiversity Relationships
Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life at all levels, from genes to ecosystems, thrives on the intricate web of relationships between organisms. These relationships, far from being simple interactions, are fundamental to the functioning of ecosystems and the survival of individual species. They dictate everything from resource availability and population dynamics to the overall health and resilience of the environment.
Predation and Competition: The Dynamics of Survival
Predation, the act of one organism (the predator) consuming another (the prey), plays a crucial role in regulating populations and shaping community structure. The predator-prey relationship drives natural selection, fostering adaptations in both predator and prey. Competition, on the other hand, arises when multiple organisms vie for the same limited resources – food, water, shelter, or mates. This competition can lead to resource partitioning, where species specialize in different aspects of a resource, or competitive exclusion, where one species outcompetes another, leading to its local extinction.
Symbiosis: A Partnership for Survival
Symbiosis, meaning "living together," encompasses a broad range of interactions where two or more species live in close proximity, often with mutual benefits. Mutualism, a type of symbiosis, exemplifies a win-win scenario where both species benefit. For example, the relationship between bees and flowering plants, where bees receive nectar and pollen while pollinating the plants, is a classic example of mutualism. Other forms of symbiosis include commensalism (one species benefits, the other is unaffected) and parasitism (one species benefits at the expense of the other).
Mutualism and Ecosystem Services: A Vital Connection
Many mutualistic relationships underpin crucial ecosystem services. Mycorrhizal fungi, for instance, form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake and water absorption for the plants while receiving carbohydrates in return. This symbiotic relationship significantly contributes to soil health and overall ecosystem productivity. Similarly, the pollination services provided by insects, birds, and bats are essential for the reproduction of many plant species, ensuring the continuation of food webs and the provision of various ecosystem services.
The Ripple Effect: Disrupting Relationships and Biodiversity Loss
Disrupting the intricate web of relationships within biodiversity can have cascading effects throughout ecosystems. Habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and invasive species are all major drivers of biodiversity loss, and they act by altering or destroying the relationships that sustain life. For instance, the decline of pollinator populations directly impacts plant reproduction, affecting food security and ecosystem stability.
Invasive Species: Uninvited Guests with Devastating Consequences
Invasive species, introduced to new environments, can outcompete native species for resources, prey on native species, or introduce diseases, thereby disrupting established relationships and causing significant biodiversity loss. These disruptions can lead to the decline or extinction of native species, ultimately altering ecosystem function and resilience.
Climate Change: Shifting the Balance of Life
Climate change is altering the timing of seasonal events, affecting species interactions and disrupting established relationships. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can shift species distributions, impacting predator-prey relationships and competitive interactions. The altered timing of migration or breeding seasons can also lead to mismatches between species, reducing reproductive success and overall population sizes.
Conserving Biodiversity: Protecting the Web of Life
Conserving biodiversity requires a holistic approach that recognizes the importance of maintaining the intricate web of relationships between species. Conservation efforts must focus not only on protecting individual species but also on preserving the habitats and ecological processes that support the complex network of interactions. This includes restoring degraded habitats, controlling invasive species, mitigating climate change, and promoting sustainable land management practices.
Conclusion:
The intricate relationships within biodiversity are the foundation of healthy and resilient ecosystems. Understanding these relationships is paramount to effectively conserving biodiversity and safeguarding the planet's future. By recognizing the interconnectedness of life and the consequences of disrupting these vital links, we can develop more effective strategies for protecting the remarkable diversity of life on Earth.
FAQs:
1. How do keystone species impact biodiversity relationships? Keystone species, despite their relatively low abundance, play disproportionately large roles in maintaining the structure and function of their ecosystems. Their removal can trigger cascading effects throughout the food web, significantly impacting biodiversity.
2. What is the role of genetic diversity in maintaining biodiversity relationships? Genetic diversity within populations provides the raw material for adaptation and resilience to environmental changes. Higher genetic diversity increases a species' ability to cope with changing conditions and maintain its role within the ecosystem’s network of relationships.
3. How can we measure the strength of relationships within biodiversity? Measuring the strength of biodiversity relationships can involve various techniques, including observational studies, experimental manipulations, and network analysis, all aimed at quantifying the impact of one species on another within an ecosystem.
4. What are the economic consequences of biodiversity loss driven by disrupted relationships? Loss of biodiversity due to disrupted relationships can result in decreased ecosystem services, impacting agriculture, fisheries, water purification, and climate regulation, leading to significant economic losses.
5. What are some examples of successful biodiversity conservation initiatives focused on relationships? Successful initiatives often involve habitat restoration that focuses on recreating key ecological processes and relationships, or the control of invasive species that disrupt native interactions. These strategies aim to restore the balance within ecosystems.
| relationships and biodiversity: Biodiversity Steve Morton, Mark Lonsdale, Andy Sheppard, 2014-06-05 Australians have stewardship of a beautiful, diverse and unique environment. We have long had a sense that the biodiversity of this country is special. Yet, despite our sense of its importance, in many parts of our country biodiversity is in trouble. Given the economic, ecological and social importance of biodiversity to our nation, CSIRO has been conducting research into Australia's biodiversity for nearly 90 years. This research has not simply focused on quantifying the challenge, but also on identifying practical solutions for its sustainable management. Biodiversity: Science and Solutions for Australia aims to provide access to the latest scientific knowledge on Australia’s biodiversity in an engaging and clear format. The book describes the ancient origins and unique features of Australia’s species, as well as the current status of our biodiversity. It outlines tools for management and planning, highlights Indigenous perspectives on biodiversity, and looks at how Australia’s biodiversity interacts with agriculture, the resources sector, cities, and with our changing global environment. Importantly, it also shows that biodiversity is in the eye of the beholder: for some it is our life support system, for others it is a resource to be used, for others it is a precious cultural symbol. |
| relationships and biodiversity: The Species-Area Relationship Thomas J. Matthews, Kostas A. Triantis, Robert J. Whittaker, 2021-03-18 Provides a comprehensive synthesis of a fundamental phenomenon, the species-area relationship, addressing theory, evidence and application. |
| relationships and biodiversity: The Ecological and Societal Consequences of Biodiversity Loss Michel Loreau, Andy Hector, Forest Isbell, 2022-02-11 The idea that changes in biodiversity can impact how ecosystems function has, over the last quarter century, gone from being a controversial notion to an accepted part of science and policy. As the field matures, it is high time to review progress, explore the links between this new research area and fundamental ecological concepts, and look ahead to the implementation of this knowledge. This book is designed to both provide an up-to-date overview of research in the area and to serve as a useful textbook for those studying the relationship between biodiversity and the functioning, stability and services of ecosystems. The Ecological and Societal Consequences of Biodiversity Loss is aimed at a wide audience of upper undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and academic and research staff. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change Melissa R. Marselle, Jutta Stadler, Horst Korn, Katherine N. Irvine, Aletta Bonn, 2019-06-11 This open access book identifies and discusses biodiversity’s contribution to physical, mental and spiritual health and wellbeing. Furthermore, the book identifies the implications of this relationship for nature conservation, public health, landscape architecture and urban planning – and considers the opportunities of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. This transdisciplinary book will attract a wide audience interested in biodiversity, ecology, resource management, public health, psychology, urban planning, and landscape architecture. The emphasis is on multiple human health benefits from biodiversity - in particular with respect to the increasing challenge of climate change. This makes the book unique to other books that focus either on biodiversity and physical health or natural environments and mental wellbeing. The book is written as a definitive ‘go-to’ book for those who are new to the field of biodiversity and health. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Perspectives on Biodiversity National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity, 1999-10-01 Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Sustaining Life Eric Chivian, Aaron Bernstein, 2008-05-15 Edited and written by Harvard Medical School physicians Eric Chivian and Aaron Bernstein, Sustaining Life presents a comprehensive--and sobering--view of how human medicines, biomedical research, the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, and the production of food, both on land and in the oceans, depend on on the earth's disappearaing biodiversity. With a foreword by E.O. Wilson and a prologue by Kofi Annan, and more than 200 poignant color illustrations, Sustaining Life contributes essential perspective to the debate over how humans affect biodiversity and a compelling demonstration of the human health costs. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Conserving Biodiversity National Research Council, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, 1992-02-01 The loss of the earth's biological diversity is widely recognized as a critical environmental problem. That loss is most severe in developing countries, where the conditions of human existence are most difficult. Conserving Biodiversity presents an agenda for research that can provide information to formulate policy and design conservation programs in the Third World. The book includes discussions of research needs in the biological sciences as well as economics and anthropology, areas of critical importance to conservation and sustainable development. Although specifically directed toward development agencies, non-governmental organizations, and decisionmakers in developing nations, this volume should be of interest to all who are involved in the conservation of biological diversity. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity , 2013-02-05 The 7-volume Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Second Edition maintains the reputation of the highly regarded original, presenting the most current information available in this globally crucial area of research and study. It brings together the dimensions of biodiversity and examines both the services it provides and the measures to protect it. Major themes of the work include the evolution of biodiversity, systems for classifying and defining biodiversity, ecological patterns and theories of biodiversity, and an assessment of contemporary patterns and trends in biodiversity. The science of biodiversity has become the science of our future. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning areas of both physical and life sciences. Our awareness of the loss of biodiversity has brought a long overdue appreciation of the magnitude of this loss and a determination to develop the tools to protect our future. Second edition includes over 100 new articles and 226 updated articles covering this multidisciplinary field— from evolution to habits to economics, in 7 volumes The editors of this edition are all well respected, instantly recognizable academics operating at the top of their respective fields in biodiversity research; readers can be assured that they are reading material that has been meticulously checked and reviewed by experts Approximately 1,800 figures and 350 tables complement the text, and more than 3,000 glossary entries explain key terms |
| relationships and biodiversity: Couple Relationships in a Global Context Angela Abela, Sue Vella, Suzanne Piscopo, 2020-04-03 This book examines the significance of the couple relationship in the 21st century, exploring in depth how couple relationships are changing in different parts of the world. It highlights global trends and cultural variations that are shaping couple relationships. The book discusses diverse relationships, such as intercultural couples, same sex couples, long distance couples, polygynous marriages, and later life couples. In addition, chapters offer suggestions for ways to best support couples through policy, clinical practices, and community support. The book also investigates aspects of a relationship that help predict fidelity and stability. Topics featured in this book include: Couple relationships when one partner has an acquired physical disability. Impact of smartphones on relationships. Online dating and its implications for couple relationships. Assessment and intervention in situations of infidelity and non-monogamy. Parenting interventions for the transition from partnership to parenthood. Online couple psychotherapy to support emotional links between long distance partners. Couple Relationships in a Global Context is an essential resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and practitioners in family therapy, clinical psychology, general practice/family medicine, social work, and related psychology and medical disciplines. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Evolution and Biodiversity of Wild Polyploids Elvira Hörandl, Natascha D. Wagner, Karol Marhold, Christoph Oberprieler, 2021-09-28 |
| relationships and biodiversity: The Theory of Island Biogeography Robert H. MacArthur, Edward O. Wilson, 2001 Population theory. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Michel Loreau, Shahid Naeem, Pablo Inchausti, 2002 Increasing domination of ecosystems by humans is steadily transforming them into depauperate systems. How will this loss of biodiversity affect the functioning and stability of natural and managed ecosystems? This work provides comprehensive coverage of empirical and theoretical research. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Textbook for Environmental Studies Dr Shaikh Ahmad Shaikh Ismail, 2019-03-05 This textbook is written to bring about an awareness of a variety of environmental concerns.It covers a wide range of topics and issues about environmental science. It attempts to create a pro-environmental attitude and a behavioral pattern in society that is based on creating sustainable lifestyles. But a textbook can hardly be expected to achieve a total behavioral change in society. Conservation is best brought about through creating a love for nature. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Spatial Modeling in Forest Resources Management Pravat Kumar Shit, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Pulakesh Das, Gouri Sankar Bhunia, 2020-10-08 This book demonstrates the measurement, monitoring, mapping, and modeling of forest resources. It explores state-of-the-art techniques based on open-source software & R statistical programming and modeling specifically, with a focus on the recent trends in data mining/machine learning techniques and robust modeling in forest resources. Discusses major topics such as forest health assessment, estimating forest biomass & carbon stock, land use forest cover (LUFC), dynamic vegetation modeling (DVM) approaches, forest-based rural livelihood, habitat suitability analysis, biodiversity and ecology, and biodiversity, the book presents novel advances and applications of RS-GIS and R in a precise and clear manner. By offering insights into various concepts and their importance for real-world applications, it equips researchers, professionals, and policy-makers with the knowledge and skills to tackle a wide range of issues related to geographic data, including those with scientific, societal, and environmental implications. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Human Rights Abuses Against Women United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights, 1994 |
| relationships and biodiversity: The Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Cities and Landscapes in the Pacific Rim Yizhao Yang, Anne Taufen, 2022-03-17 This handbook addresses a growing list of challenges faced by regions and cities in the Pacific Rim, drawing connections around the what, why, and how questions that are fundamental to sustainable development policies and planning practices. These include the connection between cities and surrounding landscapes, across different boundaries and scales; the persistence of environmental and development inequities; and the growing impacts of global climate change, including how physical conditions and social implications are being anticipated and addressed. Building upon localized knowledge and contextualized experiences, this edited collection brings attention to place-based approaches across the Pacific Rim and makes an important contribution to the scholarly and practical understanding of sustainable urban development models that have mostly emerged out of the Western experiences. Nine sections, each grounded in research, dialogue, and collaboration with practical examples and analysis, focus on a theme or dimension that carries critical impacts on a holistic vision of city-landscape development, such as resilient communities, ecosystem services and biodiversity, energy, water, health, and planning and engagement. This international edited collection will appeal to academics and students engaged in research involving landscape architecture, architecture, planning, public policy, law, urban studies, geography, environmental science, and area studies. It also informs policy makers, professionals, and advocates of actionable knowledge and adoptable ideas by connecting those issues with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. The collection of writings presented in this book speaks to multiyear collaboration of scholars through the APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes (SCL) Program and its global network, facilitated by SCL Annual Conferences and involving more than 100 contributors from more than 30 institutions. The Open Access version of chapters 1, 2, 4, 11, 17, 23, 30, 37, 42, 49, and 56 of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003033530, have been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. |
| relationships and biodiversity: The Routledge Handbook of Law and the Anthropocene Peter D. Burdon, James Martel, 2023-05-15 The Routledge Handbook of Law and the Anthropocene provides a critical survey into the function of law and governance during a time when humans have the power to impact the Earth system. The Anthropocene is a “crisis of the earth system.” This book addresses its implications for law and legal thinking in the twenty-first century. Unpacking the challenges of the Anthropocene for advocates of ecological law and politics, this handbook pursues a range of approaches to the scientific fact of anthropocentrism, with contributions from lawyers, philosophers, geographers, and environmental and political scientists. Rather than adopting a hubristic normativity, the contributors engage methods, concepts, and legal instruments in a way that underscores the importance of humility and an expansive ethical worldview. Contributors to this volume are leading scholars and future leaders in the field. Rather than upholding orthodoxy, the handbook also problematizes received wisdom and is grounded in the conviction that the ideas we have inherited from the Holocene must all be open to question. Engaging such issues as the Capitalocene, Gaia theory, the rights of nature, posthumanism, the commons, geoengineering, and civil disobedience, this handbook will be of enormous interest to academics, students, and others with interests in ecological law and the current environmental crisis. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Biodiversity, Science and Governance Robert Barbault, Jean-Patrick Le Duc, 2005 |
| relationships and biodiversity: Agriculture, Biodiversity and Markets Stewart Lockie, David Carpenter, 2010 Debate about how best to ensure the preservation of agricultural biodiversity is caught in a counter-productive polemic between proponents and critics of market-based instruments and agricultural modernization. However, it is argued in this book that neither position does justice to the range of strategies that farmers use to manage agrobiodiversity and other livelihood assets as they adapt to changing social, economic, and environmental circumstances. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Handbook on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Impact Assessment Davide Geneletti, 2016-06-24 This Handbook presents state-of-the-art methodological guidance and discussion of international practice related to the integration of biodiversity and ecosystem services in impact assessment, featuring contributions from leading researchers and practitioners the world over. Its multidisciplinary approach covers contributions across five continents to broaden the scope of the field both thematically and geographically. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Plant-Animal Interactions Kleber Del-Claro, Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi, 2021-06-04 This textbook provides the first overview of plant-animal interactions for twenty years focused on the needs of students and professors. It discusses a range of topics from the basic structures of plant-animal interactions to their evolutionary implications in producing and maintaining biodiversity. It also highlights innovative aspects of plant-animal interactions that can represent highly productive research avenues, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in a future career in ecology. Written by leading experts, and employing a variety of didactic tools, the book is useful for students and teachers involved in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses addressing areas such as herbivory, trophic relationships, plant defense, pollination and biodiversity. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Changing Diversity in Changing Environment Oscar Grillo, Gianfranco Venora, 2011-11-14 As everybody knows, the dynamic interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the anthropic ones, considerably affect global climate changes and consequently biology, ecology and distribution of life forms of our planet. These important natural events affect all ecosystems, causing important changes on biodiversity. Systematic and phylogenetic studies, biogeographic distribution analysis and evaluations of diversity richness are focal topics of this book written by international experts, some even considering economical effects and future perspectives on the managing and conservation plans. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Visages of Geodiversity and Geoheritage L. Kubalíková,, P. Coratza, M. Pál, Z. Zwoliński, P.N. Irapta, B. van Wyk de Vries, 2023-07-06 Geodiversity and geoheritage are emerging topics within the geosciences that are increasingly interconnected to biodiversity research and the humanities through the intersection between Earth and culture. Understanding, recognizing and conserving geodiversity is important for various domains, including geology, geomorphology, geography, ecology, conservation and land management. Geodiversity helps preserve Earth's geoheritage, support biodiversity, manage geohazards and promote sustainable land use. Geoheritage also connects with geotourism development and is integral to territorial development studies. This volume showcases theoretical research and case studies prepared by a stimulating selection of early career scientists alongside experienced researchers. The first part of this book is dedicated to conceptual chapters on geodiversity that consider its links to other studies. The second and third sections present an integrated view of geodiversity, geoheritage and landscape through their management and conservation. This volume charts the diversity of research and those working in the field of geodiversity and geoheritage. Through these multidisciplinary perspectives, we invite emerging and early researchers to continue the conversation and strengthen this dynamic field of study. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Global Forest Fragmentation Chris J Kettle, Lian Pin Koh, 2014-09-12 Forest fragmentation will inevitably continue over the coming years, especially in developing economies. This book provides a cutting edge review of the multi-disciplinary sciences related to studies of global forest fragmentation. It specifically addresses cross-cutting themes from both an ecological and a social sciences perspective. The ultimate goal of Global Forest Fragmentation is to provide a detailed scientific base to support future forest landscape management and planning to meet global environmental and societal needs. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Poor People's Knowledge J. M. Finger, Philip Schuler, 2004 This publication considers how poor people in developing countries can maximise their earning capacity and find viable markets based on their innovation and traditional skills, as well as their creative, cultural and intellectual knowledge. It contains a number of papers which examine case studies relating to the African music industry; traditional crafts and ways to prevent counterfeit crafts designs; the activities of fair trade organisations; biopiracy and the commercialisation of ethnobotanical knowledge; the use of intellectual property laws and other tools to protect traditional knowledge. Whilst seeking to maintain the art and culture of poor people, the contributions also recognise traditional skills must develop viable markets in order to survive, and the case studies illustrate that culture and commerce can often complement, rather than conflict with, each other. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Conserving and Valuing Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity K N Ninan, 2012-05-04 This book comprehensively addresses the economic, social and institutional difficulties in conserving biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides. It covers a wide range of issues such as biodiversity, ecosystem services and valuation in the context of diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests, marine areas, wetlands and agricultural landscapes, non-timber forest products, incentives and institutions, payments for ecosystem services, governance, intellectual property rights and the protection of traditional knowledge, management of protected areas, and climate change and biodiversity. It also covers the application of environmental economics and institutional economics to different cases and the use of techniques such as contingent valuation method and game theory. The book spans the globe with case studies drawn from a cross section of regions and continents including the UK, US, Europe, Australia, India, Africa and South America. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Trophic and Guild Interactions in Biological Control Jacques Brodeur, Guy Boivin, 2007-06-03 This volume explores modern concepts of trophic and guild interactions among natural enemies in natural and agricultural ecosystems - a field that has become a hot topic in ecology and biological control over the past decade. It is the first book on trophic and guild interactions to make the link to biological control, and is compiled by internationally recognized scientists who have combined their expertise. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Routledge International Handbook of Sustainable Development Michael Redclift, Delyse Springett, 2015-03-02 This Handbook gives a comprehensive, international and cutting-edge overview of Sustainable Development. It integrates the key imperatives of sustainable development, namely institutional, environmental, social and economic, and calls for greater participation, social cohesion, justice and democracy as well as limited throughput of materials and energy. The nature of sustainable development and the book’s theorization of the concept underline the need for interdisciplinarity in the discourse as exemplified in each chapter of this volume. The Handbook employs a critical framework that problematises the concept of sustainable development and the struggle between discursivity and control that has characterised the debate. It provides original contributions from international experts coming from a variety of disciplines and regions, including the Global South. Comprehensive in scope, it covers, amongst other areas: Sustainable architecture and design Biodiversity Sustainable business Climate change Conservation Sustainable consumption De-growth Disaster management Eco-system services Education Environmental justice Food and sustainable development Governance Gender Health Indicators for sustainable development Indigenous perspectives Urban transport The Handbook offers researchers and students in the field of sustainable development invaluable insights into a contested concept and the alternative worldviews that it has fostered. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Flow, Mass Transport and Ecological Process in Land-Freshwater-Marine Ecosystems on Earth Weijie Wang, Senlin Zhu, Guotao Cui, 2023-12-05 |
| relationships and biodiversity: Handbook on the Economics of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity Paulo A L D Nunes, Pushpam Kumar, Tom Dedeurwaerdere, 2014-06-27 In recent years, there has been a marked proliferation in the literature on economic approaches to ecosystem management, which has created a subsequent need for real understanding of the scope and the limits of the economic approaches to ecosystems and |
| relationships and biodiversity: Nature Swapped and Nature Lost Elia Apostolopoulou, 2020-06-23 This book unravels the profound implications of biodiversity offsetting for nature-society relationships and its links to environmental and social inequality. Drawing on people’s resistance against its implementation in several urban and rural places across England, it explores how the production of equivalent natures, the core promise of offsetting, reframes socionatures both discursively and materially transforming places and livelihoods. The book draws on theories and concepts from human geography, political ecology, and Marxist political economy, and aims to shift the trajectory of the current literature on the interplay between offsetting, urbanization and the neoliberal reconstruction of conservation and planning policies in the era following the 2008 financial crash. By shedding light on offsetting’s contested geographies, it offers a fundamental retheorization of offsetting capable of demonstrating how offsetting, and more broadly revanchist neoliberal policies, are increasingly used to support capitalist urban growth producing socially, environmentally and geographically uneven outcomes. Nature Swapped and Nature Lost brings forward an understanding of environmental politics as class politics and sees environmental justice as inextricably linked to social justice. It effectively challenges the dystopia of offsetting’s ahistorical and asocial non-places and proposes a radically different pathway for gaining social control over the production of nature by linking struggles for the right to the city with struggles for the right to nature for all. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Sustainability Challenges for our Urban Futures Ana E. Escalante, Hallie Eakin, Constantino Macías Garcia, 2021-01-12 |
| relationships and biodiversity: Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences (Vol. 154, 2005) , |
| relationships and biodiversity: Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2012 Edition , 2013-01-10 Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Life Science Research. The editors have built Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Life Science Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Linking Ecosystem Function to Microbial Diversity Anne E. Bernhard, John J. Kelly, 2016-10-20 Understanding the link between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes is a fundamental goal of microbial ecologists, yet we still have a rudimentary knowledge of how changes in diversity affect nutrient cycling and energy transfer in ecosystems. Due to the complexity of the problem, many published studies on this topic have been conducted in artificial or manipulated systems. Although researchers have begun to expose some possible mechanisms using these approaches, most have not yet been able to produce conclusive results that relate directly to natural systems. The few studies that have explored the link between diversity and activity in natural systems have typically focused on specific nutrient cycles or processes, such as nitrification, denitrification, and organic carbon degradation pathways, and the microbes that mediate them. What we have learned from these studies is that there are often strong associations between the physical and chemical features of the environment, the composition of the microbial communities, and their activities, but the rules that govern these associations have not been fully elucidated. These earlier studies of microbial diversity and processes in natural systems provide a framework for additional studies to broaden our understanding of the role of microbial diversity in ecosystem function. The problem is complex, but with recent advances in sequencing technology, -omics, and in-situ measurements of ecosystem processes and their applications to microbial communities, making direct connections between ecosystem function and microbial diversity seems more tractable than ever. |
| relationships and biodiversity: General Technical Report SE , 1995 |
| relationships and biodiversity: Inside-out Robert W. Blake, J. Adam Frederick, 2010 |
| relationships and biodiversity: The Role of Biodiversity Conservation in the Transition to Rural Sustainability Stephen S. Light, 2004 This book presents interdisciplinary advances in theory and practice pertaining to rural sustainability and sets forth an action research agenda and policy prescriptions to support rural sustainability with special emphasis on the Accession Countries to the EU. The book will address four themes. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Fabricate 2024 Bob Sheil, Marilena Skavara, Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen, Phil Ayres, 2024-04-04 Fabricate 2024: Creating Resourceful Futures is the fifth volume in the series of Fabricate publications. The first conference – ‘Making Digital Architecture’ – explored the ways in which technology, design and industry are shaping the world around us. Since then, we have become finely attuned to the negative impacts of this shaping. The 2024 conference, hosted in Copenhagen, sets focus on the pressing need to develop new models for architectural production that rethink how resource is deployed, its intensity, its socio-ecological origins and sensitivity to environment. This book features the work of designers, engineers and makers operating within the built environment. It documents disruptive approaches that reconsider how fabrication can be leveraged to address our collective and entangled challenges of resource scarcity, climate emergency and burgeoning demand. Exploring case studies of completed buildings and works-in-progress, together with interviews with leading thinkers, this edition of Fabricate offers a plurality of tangible models for design and production that set a creative and responsible course towards resourceful futures. |
| relationships and biodiversity: Long-Term Ecological Research Felix Müller, Cornelia Baessler, Hendrik Schubert, Stefan Klotz, 2010-06-21 Ecosystems change on a multitude of spatial and temporal scales. While analyses of ecosystem dynamics in short timespans have received much attention, the impacts of changes in the long term have, to a great extent, been neglected, provoking a lack of information and methodological know-how in this area. This book fills this gap by focusing on studies dealing with the investigation of complex, long-term ecological processes with regard to global change, the development of early warning systems, and the acquisition of a scientific basis for strategic conservation management and the sustainable use of ecosystems. Within this book, theoretical ecological questions of long-term processes, as well as an international dimension of long-term monitoring, observations and research are brought together. The outcome is an overview on different aspects of long-term ecological research. Aquatic, as well as terrestrial ecosystems are represented. |
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Understanding how species loss impacts ecosystem stability is critical given contemporary declines in global biodiversity. Despite decades of research on biodiversity–stability …
Relationships and Biodiversity NYSED Lab Review
Seven tests that look at the physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of three plants that may be able to create Curol, even though they are not Botana curus (the plants that does …
Parasitism and the Biodiversity-Functioning Relationship
Biodiversity may decrease or increase parasitism. Parasites impair individual hosts and affect their role in the ecosystem. Parasitism, in common with competi-tion, facilitation, and …
Biodiversity–productivity relationships in a natural grassland ...
the form of the biodiversity–productivity relationship in a natural ecosystem remains unclear. Here, we present a conceptual framework to explain how original abundance and compensation of …
The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem …
Land use change can affect biodiversity, and this has an impact on ecosystem services (ESs), but the relationships between biodiversity and ESs are complex and poorly understood. …
Measuring the shape of the biodiversity-disease relationship …
biodiversity–disease relationships are generally hump-shaped (i.e., nonlinear) and biodi-versity generally inhibits disease at local scales, but this effect weakens as spatial scale...
Relationships between biodiversity and biological control in ...
to explore the relationships between biodiversity and biological control in agroecosystems. In particular, we highlight new experimental frontiers regarding evenness, realistic manipulations …
Patterns and drivers of biodiversity–stability relationships …
Here, we review the liter-ature and synthesise experimental and observational studies which examine the role of biodiversity for ecosystem responses specifically in the context of climate …
Biodiversity productivity relationships are key to nature …
The global impacts of biodiversity loss and climate change are interlinked, but the feedbacks between them are rarely assessed. Areas with greater tree diversity tend to be more …
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Current …
determine how biodiversity dynamics, ecosystem processes, and abiotic factors interact. T he relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has emerged as a central issue in …
Predictability and transferability of local biodiversity ... - bioRxiv
Feb 4, 2022 · 1 Title 2 Predictability and transferability of local biodiversity environment relationships 3 4 Authors: 5 Martin Jung1 6 1 Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Research …
The Living Environment Laboratory Study Guide - PLS 3rd …
Jan 26, 2007 · Lab Activity 1 - Relationships and Biodiversity In this lab, students are introduced to classification and the importance of biodiversity. Organisms are classified according to …
The diversity of people's relationships with biodiversity …
biodiversity attributes were shaped by reference points in popular cultural discourse (e.g.,comic/movie super-heroes,gamingcharacters)andotherpeople’sexperiences ... The …
Functional ecology of wild bees in cities: towards a better ...
REVIEW PAPER Functional ecology of wild bees in cities: towards a better understanding of trait-urbanization relationships Sascha Buchholz 1,2 Monika H. Egerer 1,2 Received: 17 October …
Relationships between biodiversity and production in …
Relationships between biodiversity and production in grasslands at local and regional scales A. Hector1 and M. Loreau2 1Institute for Environmental Sciences, ... biodiversity, which is the …
Editorial: Symbiotic Relationships as Shapers of Biodiversity
unprecedented climatic changes, biodiversity studies incorporating symbiotic relationships will be key to understanding how species will endure changing environmental conditions. In this …
Unravelling biodiversity–productivity relationships across …
Biodiversity is inherently multiple facets and can be charac-terized in terms of taxonomy, function and phylogeny (Ali, Chen, ... 2019). Second, we expected that the relationships between biodi - …
Community assembly effects shape the biodiversity …
biodiversity-productivity relationship does not always increase monotonically and other types of relationships have been identified (Mittelbach et al. 2001; Hooper et al. 2005; Duffy 2009). …
Editorial: Symbiotic Relationships as Shapers of Biodiversity
unprecedented climatic changes, biodiversity studies incorporating symbiotic relationships will be key to understanding how species will endure changing environmental conditions. In this …
Scaling up biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationships: …
Biodiversity change arising from the loss and gain of species is now understood to affect manyecosystem processes, such as primaryand secondary production, that together define …
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) - besjournals
Nov 7, 2023 · biodiversity and EF (Cappelli etal., 2022; Daam et al., 2019), and model evaluations indicate that log-linear, linear and other type of relationships accounted for 53%, 39% and 8% …
Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change in …
1 Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change in sign1 and magnitude across the Hill diversity spectrum2 3 Michael 1Roswell mroswell@umd.edu4 0000-0002-8479-9184 Tina5 …
The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem …
relationships between biodiversity and ESs are complex and poorly understood. Biodiversity is declining due to the abandonment of extensively grazed semi-natural grasslands. We therefore …
Biodiversity ecosystem function relationships change in sign …
describing biodiversity change, and that employing a wide spectrum of Hill numbers can clarify mechanisms underlying BEF relationships. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting …
Building a truly diverse biodiversity science - Nature
Biodiversity is an overarching concept that encompasses the ... It describes all living beings, their traits and attributes, their ecological and evolutionary relationships, and all the mechanisms ...
The quest for a mechanistic understanding of …
from observed B–ES relationships. (ii) Biodiversity Inherent to the Convention on Biological Diversity’s defi-nition is that biodiversity is multifaceted and a complex beast to measure (box 1; …
Relationships between multiple biodiversity components …
A major aim of the Intergovernmental Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the assessment of biodiversity, the pro-visioning of ecosystem services, and the relationships …
Period Date - Weebly
Structural Evidence for Relationships Perform the following tests and record your observations in Table 1 on page 8 of this packet. Use a hand lens or microscope as needed. Test i-Structural …
Biodiversity
The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have been shown to change with abiotic conditions, land use intensi fication (3, 30 –33), the identity and
Introduced Species, Disease Ecology, and …
for modern losses in native biodiversity [5,14–17], the importance of introduced species has often been ignored in the discussion of biodiversity–disease relationships [11–13] (but see [18,19]). …
Patterns and drivers of biodiversity–stability relationships …
examine the role of biodiversity for ecosystem responses specifically in the context of climate extremes. Next we explore the factors un-derlying variation in biodiversity–stability …
Facilitation and biodiversity–ecosystem function …
playing a role within BEF relationships. Many studies have been conducted to investigate such relationships (see e.g. Soliveres et al., 2016; Tilman et al., 2012), and review papers, building …
Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships in fish …
relationships [19,20]. The effects of biodiversity and environ-ment on ecosystem functioning also appear to be scale-dependent [21,22]. Hence, combining and analysing large observational …
Biodiversity stability relationships strengthen over time in a …
biodiversity–stability relationships and its underlying mechanisms over time, which has not yet been tested in biodiversity experiments. The ability of a community to maintain temporally …
The productivity-biodiversity relationship varies across …
ARTICLE The productivity-biodiversity relationship varies across diversity dimensions Philipp Brun 1*, Niklaus E. Zimmermann 1, Catherine H. Graham1, Sébastien Lavergne2, Loïc Pellissier1,3 ...
Functional ecology of wild bees in cities: towards a better ...
importance especially in regard to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service mainte-nance and effective conservation programmes. In this paper, we review and summarize the ... (Table 3 in …
The importance of forest structure to …
prerequisites for positive biodiversity–productivity relationships [17]. In addition to field studies and experiments, forest models serve as a means of investigating biodiversity–productivity …
Effects of enemy exclusion on biodiversity-productivity …
weaken diversity–productivity relationships. To test whether interactions with enemies modify diversity- productivity relationships in tree communities, we combined insecti - cide and …
Relationships between soil biodiversity and …
biodiversity-SMF relationships is critical for understanding how to best maintain soil health and improve agricultural ecosystem services. The North China Plain is one of the most important ...
Impacts of human pressure and climate on biodiversity ...
change (Yao et al., 2022), the relationships between biodiversity and multifunctionality may be subject to great uncertainty in response to these changes. There is therefore an urgent need to …
A graphical null model for scaling biodiversity–ecosystem …
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is likely scale-dependent. A recent review on the theory predicting scale dependency of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships suggests that …
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Observational …
level relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function at scales and levels of heterogeneity realistic to nature. Thus, observational analyses offer researchers a way
Scaling up biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationships: …
Nov 4, 2020 · The biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship is expected to depend on the spatial or temporal scale at which it is measured. Environmental variation is …
Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change in …
Sep 30, 2022 · 1 Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change in sign1 and magnitude across the Hill diversity spectrum2 3 Michael 1Roswell mroswell@umd.edu4 0000-0002-8479 …
Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of …
biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, which suggests that a focus on both community trait diversity and evolutionary history can improve understanding of the consequences of …
Scaling up biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationships: …
Biodiversity change arising from the loss and gain of species is now understood to affect manyecosystem processes, such as primaryand secondary production, that together define …
protected areas - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
The relationships between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services (ES) are widely debated. However, it is still not clear how biodiversity conservation and ES interact with …
wetlands multifunctionality relationships in neotropical …
affecting biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships in natural to human-dominated systems. HFP was estimated independently for each lake on the global map of HFP10, as was the species …
Editorial: Symbiotic Relationships as Shapers of Biodiversity
unprecedented climatic changes, biodiversity studies incorporating symbiotic relationships will be key to understanding how species will endure changing environmental conditions. In this …
Relationships and Biodiversity: A Web of Life
The Intertwined Fate of Species: Understanding Biodiversity Relationships Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life at all levels, from genes to ecosystems, thrives on the intricate …
Positive biodiversity – productivity relationships in forests: …
relationships (BPRs), as shown by reports of their large variation across forest biomes in Europe [5,6] and globally [4]. In forest ecosystems, studies focusing on the comparison between two-
We should not necessarily expect positive relationships …
periments which show generally positive relationships. Second, observational field data which show variable relationships. This latter source coupled with a lack of observed declines in local …
The Educational Importance of Geosites Representing …
The relationships between geodiversity and biodiversity are a topic of growing relevance. Understanding these relation- ships in different contexts and scales has the potential to …
Biodiversity mediates relationships between anthropogenic …
relationships between biodiversity and ES are pervasive and tight enough to reveal consistent patterns across global systems. Given the accelerating impacts of global change drivers ...
Contested relationships between biodiversity conservation …
Contested relationships between same ends (Bojo et al., 2001). This perspective mirrors biodiversity conservation and poverty an earlier, equally flawed argument that clear property …
time in a long-term grassland experiment …
Biodiversity–stability relationships strengthen over time in a long-term grassland experiment Cameron Wagg ( camwagg@hotmail.com ) ... relationships did signicantly decrease over the …
Biodiversity promotes urban ecosystem functioning - Nordic …
relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning may not hold. Two major factors could disrupt the relation-ship. First, in non-urban environments, stable coexistence between …
Carbon–biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse …
(iii) Carbon–biodiversity relationships depend on the trophic groups examined: primary consumers or mycorrhi-zal fungi with direct trophic links to plants and plant biomass show stronger …
Plant biodiversity‐disease relationships are spatial …
We tested how spatial scale affects the direction and magnitude of biodiversity– disease relationships, utilizing a 10-year-old nitrogen addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow. …
