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R134a Pressure Temperature Calculator: Your Guide to Accurate Refrigerant Readings
Are you working with R134a refrigerant and need a quick, reliable way to determine its pressure-temperature relationship? Navigating refrigerant properties can be tricky, but understanding the pressure-temperature correlation is crucial for efficient and safe refrigeration system operation. This comprehensive guide will explore the importance of R134a pressure temperature calculators, explain how they work, and highlight the best resources available. We'll also delve into the practical applications and potential pitfalls of using these tools. Get ready to master R134a pressure-temperature calculations!
Understanding the R134a Pressure-Temperature Relationship
R134a, or tetrafluoroethane, is a widely used refrigerant known for its relatively low environmental impact compared to older refrigerants like R-12. However, its properties, like its pressure-temperature relationship, need precise measurement. The pressure of R134a changes significantly with temperature. A higher temperature corresponds to a higher pressure, and vice-versa. This relationship isn't linear, making accurate calculations essential for system diagnostics and maintenance. A simple formula won't suffice; specialized charts or calculators are needed for accuracy.
Why Use an R134a Pressure Temperature Calculator?
Using an R134a pressure temperature calculator offers several significant advantages:
Accuracy: Manual calculations are prone to errors. Calculators eliminate this risk, providing precise readings based on established thermodynamic properties.
Efficiency: Finding the pressure-temperature correlation through charts can be time-consuming. Calculators offer instant results, saving valuable time on the job.
Safety: Incorrect refrigerant charge can lead to inefficient cooling, system damage, or even safety hazards. Accurate pressure readings are vital for safe system operation.
Troubleshooting: Deviation from expected pressure-temperature readings can indicate leaks, blockages, or other system problems. A calculator aids in quick troubleshooting.
Accessibility: Many online and app-based calculators are readily accessible, eliminating the need for bulky reference materials.
Types of R134a Pressure Temperature Calculators
Several types of R134a pressure temperature calculators exist:
Online Calculators:
Many websites offer free online calculators. Simply input the known variable (pressure or temperature), and the calculator computes the other. These are convenient and accessible but rely on an internet connection.
Mobile Apps:
Several mobile apps for iOS and Android provide R134a pressure-temperature calculations, often incorporating additional features like refrigerant property charts and system diagnostic tools. These offer portability and offline access (depending on the app).
Dedicated Software:
More advanced software packages used by HVAC technicians often include built-in refrigerant property calculators, providing a comprehensive suite of tools for system design and maintenance.
How to Use an R134a Pressure Temperature Calculator
Most calculators have a straightforward interface. Generally, you'll need to:
1. Select the desired unit system: Choose between metric (e.g., kPa, °C) or imperial (e.g., psi, °F) units. Consistency is crucial.
2. Input the known variable: Enter either the pressure or temperature reading from your gauge.
3. Obtain the result: The calculator will compute the corresponding temperature or pressure.
Important Considerations When Using Calculators
Accuracy of Input Data: The accuracy of the calculator's output depends heavily on the accuracy of your input data. Ensure your pressure gauge is calibrated and your temperature readings are accurate.
Subcooling and Superheating: Remember that the calculated pressure-temperature relationship refers to saturated conditions. Actual system pressures will deviate due to subcooling (liquid below saturation temperature) or superheating (vapor above saturation temperature).
Environmental Conditions: Ambient temperature can affect the accuracy of your readings, especially for outdoor installations.
Choosing the Right R134a Pressure Temperature Calculator
Selecting the best calculator depends on your needs and preferences. Consider factors like:
Accuracy and reliability: Choose a calculator based on reputable sources and positive user reviews.
Ease of use: The interface should be intuitive and easy to navigate.
Additional features: Look for calculators that offer additional features like unit conversion or refrigerant property charts.
Availability: Choose a calculator that's readily accessible, either online or through a mobile app.
Conclusion
Mastering the R134a pressure-temperature relationship is crucial for efficient and safe refrigeration system operation. Utilizing a reliable R134a pressure temperature calculator significantly simplifies the process, ensuring accuracy and efficiency. By understanding the various types of calculators, their usage, and potential pitfalls, you can confidently diagnose and maintain your refrigeration systems. Choose the calculator that best suits your needs and always remember to prioritize accurate input data for reliable results.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I use an R134a pressure-temperature calculator for other refrigerants? No, each refrigerant has its unique pressure-temperature relationship. You need a calculator specific to the refrigerant you are using.
2. What if my calculated pressure is significantly different from my gauge reading? This could indicate a leak, blockage, or other system issue. Further investigation is required.
3. Are all online R134a calculators equally accurate? No, the accuracy varies. Choose calculators from reputable sources and compare results if possible.
4. Do I need specialized training to use an R134a pressure temperature calculator? While no formal training is strictly required, basic understanding of refrigeration principles is helpful.
5. Where can I find reliable R134a pressure-temperature charts? You can often find them in refrigeration handbooks, technical manuals, or reputable online resources. Many online calculators also provide accompanying charts.
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| r134a pressure temperature calculator: The Properties of Gases and Liquids: Their Estimation and Correlation Robert C. Reid, Thomas Kilgore Sherwood, 1966 |
| r134a pressure temperature calculator: Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion, Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE, and Flash Fire Hazards CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety), 2011-12-01 This guide provides an overview of methods for estimating the characteristics of vapor cloud explosions, flash fires, and boiling-liquid-expanding-vapor explosions (BLEVEs) for practicing engineers. It has been updated to include advanced modeling technology, especially with respect to vapor cloud modeling and the use of computational fluid dynamics. The text also reviews past experimental and theoretical research and methods to estimate consequences. Heavily illustrated with photos, charts, tables, and diagrams, this manual is an essential tool for safety, insurance, regulatory, and engineering students and professionals. |
| r134a pressure temperature calculator: Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Data Shuzo Ohe, 1989 |
| r134a pressure temperature calculator: Gas Turbines and Jet Propulsion United States. National Bureau of Standards, 1947 |
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| r134a pressure temperature calculator: Tables of Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia United States. Bureau of Standards, 1923 |
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| r134a pressure temperature calculator: The Properties of Gases and Liquids 5E Bruce E. Poling, John M. Prausnitz, John P. O'Connell, 2000-11-27 Must-have reference for processes involving liquids, gases, and mixtures Reap the time-saving, mistake-avoiding benefits enjoyed by thousands of chemical and process design engineers, research scientists, and educators. Properties of Gases and Liquids, Fifth Edition, is an all-inclusive, critical survey of the most reliable estimating methods in use today --now completely rewritten and reorganized by Bruce Poling, John Prausnitz, and John O’Connell to reflect every late-breaking development. You get on-the-spot information for estimating both physical and thermodynamic properties in the absence of experimental data with this property data bank of 600+ compound constants. Bridge the gap between theory and practice with this trusted, irreplaceable, and expert-authored expert guide -- the only book that includes a critical analysis of existing methods as well as hands-on practical recommendations. Areas covered include pure component constants; thermodynamic properties of ideal gases, pure components and mixtures; pressure-volume-temperature relationships; vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of pure fluids; fluid phase equilibria in multicomponent systems; viscosity; thermal conductivity;diffusion coefficients; and surface tension. |
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| r134a pressure temperature calculator: 2006 ASHRAE Handbook , 2006 |
| r134a pressure temperature calculator: Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook David G. Gilmore, Martin Donabedian, 2002 Annotation This is a revised and updated of (1994) and has been expanded to discuss interplanetary spacecraft as well as Earth- orbiting satellites. The work is presented as a compendium of corporate knowledge in the field of thermal control of uncrewed spacecraft and was written for thermal engineers of a range of experience levels. After discussing general issues and historical design approaches chapters examine current thermal control hardware, the thermal design and testing process, and emerging thermal technologies. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com). |
| r134a pressure temperature calculator: The Ammonia Refrigeration Piping Handbook International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration, 2014-01-01 The Ammonia Refrigeration Piping Handbook has been hailed as one of the best publications ever produced by IIAR. IIAR's Ammonia Refrigeration Piping Handbook is the ultimate guide to modern ammonia refrigeration piping as well as a comprehensive introduction to piping design and installation as it is practiced in the field. Analyzing risk through standardization enhances an ammonia refrigeration facilities ability to create an environment of safety. |
| r134a pressure temperature calculator: Computer Programs for Calculating the Isentropic Flow Properties for Mixtures of R-134a and Air National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2018-06-13 Three computer programs for calculating the isentropic flow properties of R-134a/air mixtures which were developed in support of the heavy gas conversion of the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) from dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) to 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) are described. The first program calculates the Mach number and the corresponding flow properties when the total temperature, total pressure, static pressure, and mole fraction of R-134a in the mixture are given. The second program calculates tables of isentropic flow properties for a specified set of free-stream Mach numbers given the total pressure, total temperature, and mole fraction of R-134a. Real-gas effects are accounted for in these programs by treating the gases comprising the mixture as both thermally and calorically imperfect. The third program is a specialized version of the first program in which the gases are thermally perfect. It was written to provide a simpler computational alternative to the first program in those cases where real-gas effects are not important. The theory and computational procedures underlying the programs are summarized, the equations used to compute the flow quantities of interest are given, and sample calculated results that encompass the operating conditions of the TDT are shown. Kvaternik, Raymond G. Langley Research Center RTOP 522-31-21-05 |
Pressure Temperature Charts - Hudson Tech
Critical Pressure (psia) 588.3 Critical Temperature (°F) 213.8 Critical Density (lb./ft^ 3) 32.04 Vapor Density (bp,lb./ft^ 3) 0.328 Heat of Vaporization (bp,BTU/lb.) 93.3 Global Warming …
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and pressure drop of R12 and R134a in a horizontal tube. The scheme can help to understand the characteristics of refrigerant flow under different conditions and estimate the performance of …
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R134a Pressure Temperature Chart. The information contained within this website is for guidance only, for further system specific advice please call A-Gas directly.
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Pressure/ Temperature Chart Torque Settings Fitting: 11-13 ft-lb Fitting: 21-27 ft-lb Fitting: ft-lb Fitting: ft-lb Pressure switch on Schrader PSIG 38 40 42 44 46 48 100 105 110 115 120 44 48 …
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Mastering the R134a pressure-temperature relationship is crucial for efficient and safe refrigeration system operation. Utilizing a reliable R134a pressure temperature calculator …
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KLEA® R134a Pressure‐Temperature Chart Pressure Temperature Pressure Temperature (psig) (°F) (psig) (°F) 0.0 ‐14.9 105.0 90.4 2.0 ‐9.8 110.0 93.0 4.0 ‐5.2 115.0 95.5 6.0 ‐1.0 120.0 98.0 …
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temperature CHART Pressure Temp R134a R406A R413A R22 R417A R410A R407C R404A R507 R422A R403B R717 Temp ... PRESSURE kPa PSI 0.145038 PSI kPa 6.89 kPa Inch HG …
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Temperature-Pressure Tables for Klea® 134a. The following simple guidelines explain which tables to use to obtain the relationships between the saturated liquid and vapour pressures and …
10 9 8 R-134a 7 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram - NTNU
0.1 1 10 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Pressure [MPa] Produced by E. Hansen and I. Aartun, …
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1. Appendix C: Property Tables for R134a. Tables C-1 and C-2 present data for saturated liquid and saturated vapor. Table C-1 is presented information at regular intervals of temperature …
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R134a Pressure-Temperature Chart - techtown
R134a Pressure-Temperature Chart. Temperature. Pressure. -40°F (-40°C)
Plotted by: J P M Trusler - Imperial College London
p-h Diagram for R134a Plotted by: J P M Trusler Reference state: h/(kJ·kg-1) = 200 and s/(kJ·K-1·kg-1) = 1.00 for saturated liquid at T = 0°C. 0.1 1 10 100 100 200 300 400 500 h/(kJ·kg-1) p …
Saturation Pressure-Temperature Data for R-134a (psig)
Refrigerant Guys PT – Chart R134a. Saturation Pressure-Temperature Data for R-134a (psig)*. Temp. (°F)
Forane Refrigerants Pressure Temperature Chart
Sat R-409A R-409A R-410A R-427A R-427A R-507A Temp Liquid Vapor Liquid Liquid Liquid (°F) Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure. -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5. 0.
PRESSURE TEMPERATURE CHART
R-409A:A retrofit blend for R-12 refrigeration systems. The pressure and system capacity match R-12 when the blend is running in a 10°F to 20°F evaporator, and there is typically 13°F …
Pressure Temperature Chart - Parker Hannifin Corporation
Pressure • Temperature Chart How to Determine Superheat 1. Determine suction pressure at the evaporator outlet with gauge. On close coupled installations, suction pressure may be read at …
2 3 2 5 DRQUHHIHUFRQWDLQHU - IOPscience
Fig.4 depicts the variation trend of discharge temperature of compressor with subcooling degree. As shown in the figure, subcooling degree has little effect on exhaust temperature. Among …
Thermodynamic Properties of HFC-134a - Meier Supply
out the entire range of temperature, pressure, and density. Physical Properties Chemical Formula CH2FCF3 Molecular Weight 102.03 Boiling Point at One Atmosphere –14.9°F (–26.06°C) …
Refrigerant (R-134a) Properties, Uses, Storage, and Handling
equipment, medium-temperature supermarket cases, and industrial and commercial chillers. Table 1 provides a comparison of the theoretical performance of CFC-12 and Freon™ 134a at …
KLEA® R134a Chart Pressure (psig) - TransArctic
KLEA® R134a Pressure‐Temperature Chart Pressure Temperature Pressure Temperature (psig) ...
Thermodynamic Properties (SI Units) - Freon
P = Pressure in kPa. Absolute T = Temperature in Celcius V f = Fluid (liquid) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram V G = Vapor (gas) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram d f …
Refrigerant Piping Handbook - HVACR Advisors
Pressure drop not as critical as in vapour lines. Pressure drop should not cause: • vapour formation in line • insufficient liquid pressure at DX device Typical liquid line pressure drop no …
Genetron® 134a Technical Datasheet - Honeywell
Genetron® 134a I Relprop v6.01 (NIST) II Flame limits measured using ASTM E681 with electrically activated kitchen ignition source per ASHRAE Standard 34. III All data are at 25°C …
Forane Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Chart - Mclean Parts
Forane® Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Chart. PRESSURE (PSIG) Sat. Temp (°F) R-22 R-407C Liquid Pressure R-407C Vapor Pressure R-410A Liquid Pressure R-427A Liquid …
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS) - Slay the PE
947 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS) Table A–1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 948 Table A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various …
A Mass Flowrate Correlation for Refrigerants and …
conditions, short tube geometry, and critical point pressure/temperature. The correlated data were drawn from previous work and work performed during this investigation. The general form of …
Pressure Temperature Charts - Hudson Tech
Critical Pressure (psia) 490.6 Critical Temperature (°F) 202.5 Critical Density (lb./ft^ 3) 29.69 Vapor Density (bp,lb./ft^ 3) 0.374 Heat of Vaporization (bp,BTU/lb.) 77.53 Global Warming …
Forane Refrigerants Pressure Temperature Chart
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Equations of State for Mixtures of R-32, R-125, R-134a, R …
p Pressure MPa R Molar gas constant J/~molŁK! s Entropy J/~molŁK! t Temperature exponent T Temperature K u Internal energy J/mol v Molar volume dm3/mol V Volume dm3 w Speed of …
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram R-134a (1,1,1,2 …
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram poster A3 0322.indd Author: barbara.sandford Created Date: 20220309170123Z ...
R134a Saturation Properties
Temperature Pressure Liquid Density Vapor Volume Liquid Enthalpy Vapor Enthalpy Liquid Entropy Vapor Entropy [°F] [psig] [lb/ft^3] [ft^3/lb] [Btu/lb] [Btu/lb] [Btu/lb-R] [Btu/lb-R] -(14.95) …
FluidEXLGraphics LibR134a - thermofluidprop.com
1/2 KCE-ThermoFluidProperties, Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar Units: t in °C p in bar x in (kg of saturated steam)/(kg wet steam) Range of validity Temperature range: from tp)Uax to …
THEME: AC SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS OPERATING PRESSURE …
PRESSURE VALUES, R134A TYPICAL PROBLEMS CAUSING THE LP/HP OPERATIONAL PRESSURES TO REGISTER OUTSIDE THE REGULAR VALUES OPERATING PRESSURE …
R134a Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Calculator Copy
R134a Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Calculator (book) R134a Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Calculator [PDF] WEBto develop a computational scheme (AuCFD) for …
SUCTION & LIQUID LINE SIZING CHARTS USING LINE SIZING …
These line sizing charts are based on a suction pressure drop equivalent to a 2°F change in saturation pressure and liquid line pressure drop of 5 psi. For R-404A Low Temperature 1 psi; …
Refrigerant (R-134a) - freon.com
the entire range of temperature, pressure, and density. Physical Properties Chemical Formula CH 2 FCF 3 Molecular Weight 102.03 Boiling Point at One Atmosphere –26.06 °C (–14.9 °F) …
CO2 Product Guide 2021 for Refrigeration Applications
The pressure enthalpy chart in figure 4 shows the critical point and the extent of the transcritical fluid region. Table 2. Basic properties of R744 compared with other refrigerants Refrigerant …
Saturation Pressure-Temperature Data for R-404A (psig)
Forane 404A Pressure Temperature Chart Forane 404A, R-404A, Pressure Temperature Chart, PT Chart, HVAC, refrigeration, air conditioning, refrigerant gas ...
R134a Pressure Temperature Chart Automotive
what R134a Pressure Temperature Chart Automotive is, why R134a Pressure Temperature Chart Automotive is vital, and how to effectively learn about R134a Pressure Temperature Chart …
R134a Pressure Temperature Calculator (PDF)
R134a Pressure Temperature Calculator: Your Guide to Accurate Refrigerant Readings Are you working with R134a refrigerant and need a quick, reliable way to determine its pressure …
HFO-1234yf - Honeywell
R134a 1234yf @60°C @90°C 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 Permeation [g/m/d] on STD Veneer Hose ID13 Results HFO-1234yf shows lower permeability values toward Veneer …
Genetron® PerformaxTM LT, R407F Thermodynamic …
LUBRICATION POE lubricants must be used with R407F since it is not miscible with mineral or alkyl benzene lubricants. As with many HFC blends, retrofitting R407F will require a change to …
ENVIRO-SAFE 134A REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANT W/DYE …
enviro-safe 134a replacement refrigerant w/dye pressure temperature chart temp es r134a c f psi psi -40 -40 -4 -7 -38 -36 -3 -6
R134a/R1234yf Airconditioning Filling Chart - NRF
R134a/R1234yf Airconditioning Filling Chart > (PC & LCV only! For Trucks see total list on www.nrf.eu) The art of cooling > NRF PRODUCT RANGE > Engine Cooling: > Radiators ... > …
Technical R-134a Guidelines - Refrigerants
Pressure-Temp Chart-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 14.8” 12.5” 9.9” 6.9” 3.7” 0.6 1.9 4.0 …
Pressure Temperature Nomograph - TCI AMERICA
② An intersection found by step ① on the line B serves as an approximate bp in atmospheric pressure. * This nomograph applies to nonassociated solvent. Since the bp obtained from this …
AC System Diagnostics - Operating Pressures R134A
Before the vehicle is started, the static system pressure should be read. Pressure values should be very nearly equal on both LP and HP gauges. The actual static pressure will depend on the …
Excel Add-In Program for Computation of Thermodynamic …
the following temperature and pressure range [9, 10]. For the purpose of this work, the following equations were used: Reference constants T c = 647.096 K 0 = 1000 J/kg p c = 22.064 MPa 0 …
REFPROP Documentation - National Institute of Standards …
May 23, 2018 · where hydrogen was catalyzed or stored for several days at the normal boiling point (NBP) and used at any temperature within 1 day of storage at the NBP. Since the rate of …
Freon 404A
Critical Temperature, T c 72.07 °C (161.73 °F) 345.22 K (621.40 °R) Critical Pressure, P c 3731.5 kPa (abs) (541.2 psia) Critical Density, D c 3484.5 kg/m3 (30.23 lb/ft ) Critical Volume, V c …
A-Gas Kirby PT Chart 20/08/2003 12:02 PM Page 2 Pressure …
°C R12 R134a R406A R409A R413A SP34E R22 R407C R410A R417A R404A R507 R408A R403B R502 R717-60 -77 -63 -36 -54 -47 -35 -51 ... Pressure Temperature Chart Heat Flow …
Freon 410A
Constants for vapor pressure of saturated vapor (dew point), p g: A = –1.440004 E+00 E = –3.521484 E+00 B = –6.865265 E+00 F = –7.750000 E+00 C = –5.354309 E–01 X o = …
Pressure Temperature Chart - Automotive - HyChill
R12 R134a R1234yf R290/R600a ODP 1 0 GWP 10900 1430 1 3 °C kPag psig kPag psig kPag psig kPag psig-70 -89.0 -12.9 -93 -13.5 -90.0 -13.1 -84 -12.2-66 -85.5 -12.4 -91 -13.2 -86.7 …
R290 Pressure Temperature Chart - LearnMetrics
R290 Pressure Temperature Chart Printable PDF Temp er atu r e (° F ): Temp er atu r e (° C): R290 P r essu r e (p si g ):-44° F -42. 2° C 0 psi g ... Read more at : ht t ps: / / l earnmet ri cs. …
R22 Pressure-Temperature Chart - iGas USA
Saturation Pressure-Temperature Data for R22 (psig)* Temp (°F) Pressure Temp (°C) Temp (°F) Pressure Temp (°C) Temp (°F) Pressure Temp (°C) Created Date: 12/31/2018 2:21:34 PM ...
R134a Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Calculator …
R134a Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Calculator Donald G. Newnan. Content ... properties when the total temperature, total pressure, static pressure, and mole fraction of R-134a in the …
Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Table - Energy 350
°C R717 R22 R134a R404a R507 Temp bar bar bar bar bar-60 0.218 0.375 0.159 0.522 0.522-58 0.249 0.420 0.180 0.544 0.582 ... Refrigerant Pressure Temperature Table Hansen …
College of Engineering | Michigan State University
Created Date: 4/7/2005 9:09:31 AM
Refrigerant R-134a Pressure / Temperature chart
Apr 6, 2013 · Absolute pressure KG/CM2 KPA-G Gauge pressure T T T PSIG KG/CM2 Mbar Pascals PSIA Dew Bbl Farenheit Celsius Kelvin Dew Bbl Dew Bbl Refrigerant R-134a …
NIST/ASME Steam Properties—STEAM - National Institute of …
properties either at saturation or with a property (such as density or enthalpy) held constant with temperature or pressure varying over a specified range. The second allows the user to select …
SOLSTICE® 454B (R-454B) - Honeywell
of +45 ºF saturated suction temperature. This information . shows that R-454B is very close in pressure drop to R-410A systems (it is actually slightly lower in pressure drop for equal line …
Spreadsheet Calculations of Thermodynamic Properties
pressure units. This choice was made because, unlike energy units which are almost always in kJ/kg, pressure units are often in MPa rather than kPa. The decision to use Pa as the input …
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF REFRIGERANTS R600a AND …
Figure 1: Vapor pressure of different refrigerants versus temperature The low pressure level is connected to a relatively high critical temperature. This provides a good cooling capacity even …
