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POGIL Oxidative Phosphorylation: Unlocking the Energy Powerhouse of Cells
Oxidative phosphorylation. The very term sounds complex, doesn't it? But this intricate process is the cornerstone of cellular energy production, responsible for generating the vast majority of ATP – the cell's primary energy currency. This blog post will delve into the fascinating world of oxidative phosphorylation, specifically examining how the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) approach can enhance understanding of this crucial biological pathway. We'll unpack the key stages, explore the role of electron transport chains and chemiosmosis, and illustrate how POGIL activities can illuminate these complex concepts for students. Prepare to unravel the mysteries of the cellular powerhouse!
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, a metabolic pathway that extracts energy from glucose and other organic molecules. This process takes place within the mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. It involves two interconnected processes:
Electron Transport Chain (ETC): A series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons, harvested from earlier stages of respiration (glycolysis and the Krebs cycle), are passed down the ETC, releasing energy at each step. This energy is used to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.
Chemiosmosis: The proton gradient established by the ETC drives the synthesis of ATP. Protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase, an enzyme that utilizes the energy of this proton movement to phosphorylate ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process is called chemiosmosis because it involves the movement of ions across a membrane.
Understanding Oxidative Phosphorylation through POGIL
POGIL, a student-centered, collaborative learning approach, proves incredibly effective in tackling the complexities of oxidative phosphorylation. Instead of passively receiving information, students actively engage with the material, fostering deeper understanding and critical thinking skills. Here's how POGIL can be applied:
1. Interactive Activities: POGIL activities can present students with scenarios, data analysis tasks, and problem-solving challenges related to the ETC and chemiosmosis. For example, students might analyze the effects of inhibiting specific ETC complexes or investigate the impact of different proton gradients on ATP production.
2. Collaborative Learning: POGIL encourages teamwork. Students work together, discussing concepts, sharing ideas, and explaining their reasoning to one another. This collaborative learning environment allows students to learn from each other and build a stronger collective understanding of oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Conceptual Understanding: Through guided inquiry, POGIL activities help students move beyond rote memorization to a deeper understanding of the underlying principles. Students don't just learn that ATP is produced; they understand how the ETC and chemiosmosis contribute to its synthesis.
4. Problem-Solving Skills: POGIL activities frequently incorporate challenging problems and real-world applications. Students develop their problem-solving skills by working through complex scenarios, interpreting data, and formulating their own explanations.
5. Critical Thinking: The open-ended nature of POGIL encourages critical thinking. Students aren't given straightforward answers; instead, they are challenged to analyze information, evaluate different perspectives, and formulate their own conclusions.
The Role of Key Players in Oxidative Phosphorylation
Several key molecules and complexes play crucial roles in oxidative phosphorylation:
NADH and FADH2: These electron carriers deliver electrons to the ETC, initiating the process.
Ubiquinone (CoQ): A mobile electron carrier that shuttles electrons between different complexes of the ETC.
Cytochrome c: Another mobile electron carrier that plays a vital role in electron transport.
ATP Synthase: The enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.
Addressing Common Misconceptions with POGIL
Many students struggle with the abstract nature of oxidative phosphorylation. POGIL activities can directly address these misconceptions by:
Visual aids: Employing diagrams, animations, and models to visualize the ETC and the process of chemiosmosis.
Analogies: Using relatable analogies to explain complex concepts like proton gradients and electrochemical potential.
Real-world connections: Relating oxidative phosphorylation to everyday examples, such as energy production in the body during exercise.
Conclusion
Oxidative phosphorylation is a fundamental biological process crucial for life. The POGIL approach offers a powerful strategy for enhancing student understanding of this complex pathway. By engaging students in active learning, collaborative problem-solving, and critical thinking, POGIL empowers them to grasp the intricate details and underlying principles of oxidative phosphorylation. This approach moves beyond rote memorization to foster genuine understanding and appreciation for the cellular machinery that sustains life.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? Substrate-level phosphorylation generates ATP directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate molecule, while oxidative phosphorylation uses the proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.
2. What happens when the electron transport chain is inhibited? Inhibition of the ETC prevents the establishment of a proton gradient, leading to a significant reduction in ATP production.
3. How does oxidative phosphorylation contribute to cellular respiration's overall efficiency? Oxidative phosphorylation generates the majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration, making it the most efficient stage of the process.
4. How does POGIL improve student retention of oxidative phosphorylation concepts? The active learning and collaborative nature of POGIL enhance understanding and retention compared to traditional lecture-based methods.
5. Are there any specific POGIL activities available specifically designed for teaching oxidative phosphorylation? While not explicitly titled "Oxidative Phosphorylation POGIL," many resources available online utilize the POGIL framework to teach related concepts in cellular respiration. Searching for POGIL activities on "cellular respiration" or "mitochondria" will yield relevant results.
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Foundations of Biochemistry Jenny Loertscher, Vicky Minderhout, 2010-08-01 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Biology for AP ® Courses Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht, 2017-10-16 Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: POGIL Activities for AP Biology , 2012-10 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) Richard Samuel Moog, 2008 POGIL is a student-centered, group learning pedagogy based on current learning theory. This volume describes POGIL's theoretical basis, its implementations in diverse environments, and evaluation of student outcomes. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Preparing for the Biology AP Exam Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Fred W. Holtzclaw, Theresa Knapp Holtzclaw, 2009-11-03 Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw bring over 40 years of AP Biology teaching experience to this student manual. Drawing on their rich experience as readers and faculty consultants to the College Board and their participation on the AP Test Development Committee, the Holtzclaws have designed their resource to help your students prepare for the AP Exam. Completely revised to match the new 8th edition of Biology by Campbell and Reece. New Must Know sections in each chapter focus student attention on major concepts. Study tips, information organization ideas and misconception warnings are interwoven throughout. New section reviewing the 12 required AP labs. Sample practice exams. The secret to success on the AP Biology exam is to understand what you must know and these experienced AP teachers will guide your students toward top scores! |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Basic Concepts in Biochemistry: A Student's Survival Guide Hiram F. Gilbert, 2000 Basic Concepts in Biochemistry has just one goal: to review the toughest concepts in biochemistry in an accessible format so your understanding is through and complete.--BOOK JACKET. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Michael P. Garoutte, 2014-02-24 Classroom activities to support a General, Organic and Biological Chemistry text Students can follow a guided inquiry approach as they learn chemistry in the classroom. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry serves as an accompaniment to a GOB Chemistry text. It can suit the one- or two-semester course. This supplemental text supports Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), which is a student-focused, group-learning philosophy of instruction. The materials offer ways to promote a student-centered science classroom with activities. The goal is for students to gain a greater understanding of chemistry through exploration. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Principles of Biology Lisa Bartee, Walter Shiner, Catherine Creech, 2017 The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Biophysical Chemistry James P. Allen, 2009-01-26 Biophysical Chemistry is an outstanding book that delivers both fundamental and complex biophysical principles, along with an excellent overview of the current biophysical research areas, in a manner that makes it accessible for mathematically and non-mathematically inclined readers. (Journal of Chemical Biology, February 2009) This text presents physical chemistry through the use of biological and biochemical topics, examples and applications to biochemistry. It lays out the necessary calculus in a step by step fashion for students who are less mathematically inclined, leading them through fundamental concepts, such as a quantum mechanical description of the hydrogen atom rather than simply stating outcomes. Techniques are presented with an emphasis on learning by analyzing real data. Presents physical chemistry through the use of biological and biochemical topics, examples and applications to biochemistry Lays out the necessary calculus in a step by step fashion for students who are less mathematically inclined Presents techniques with an emphasis on learning by analyzing real data Features qualitative and quantitative problems at the end of each chapter All art available for download online and on CD-ROM |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Biochemistry Education Assistant Teaching Professor Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thomas J Bussey, Timothy J. Bussey, Kimberly Linenberger Cortes, Rodney C. Austin, 2021-01-18 This volume brings together resources from the networks and communities that contribute to biochemistry education. Projects, authors, and practitioners from the American Chemical Society (ACS), American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), and the Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research (SABER) are included to facilitate cross-talk among these communities. Authors offer diverse perspectives on pedagogy, and chapters focus on topics such as the development of visual literacy, pedagogies and practices, and implementation. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Observational Studies Paul R. Rosenbaum, 2013-06-29 An observational study is an empirical investigation of the effects of treatments, policies, or exposures. It differes from an experiment in that the investigator cannot control the assignments of treatments to subjects. Scientists across a wide range of disciplines undertake such studies, and the aim of this book is to provide a sound statistical account of the principles and methods for the design and analysis of observational studies. Readers are assumed to have a working knowledge of basic probability and statistics, but otherwise the account is reasonably self-contained. Throughout there are extended discussions of actual observational studies to illustrate the ideas discussed. These are drawn from topics as diverse as smoking and lung cancer, lead in children, nuclear weapons testing, and placement programs for students. As a result, many researchers involved in observational studes will find this an invaluable companion to their work. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology Nuzhat Ahmed, Fouad M. Qureshi, Obaid Y. Khan, 2001-01 The contamination of the environment by herbicides, pesticides, solvents, various industrial byproducts (including toxic metals, radionucleotides and metalloids) is of enormous economic and environmental significance. Biotechnology can be used to develop green or environmentally friendly solutions to these problems by harnessing the ability of bacteria to adapt metabolic pathways, or recruit new genes to metabolise harmful compounds into harmless byproducts. In addition to itsrole in cleaning-up the environment, biotechnology can be used for the production of novel compounds with both agricultural and industrial applications. Internationally acclaimed authors from diverse fields present comprehensive reviews of all aspects of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology. Based on presentations given at the key International symposium on Biotechnology in Karachi in 1998, the articles have been extensively revised and updated. Chapters concerned with environmental biotechnology cover two major categories of pollutants: organic compounds and metals. Organic pollutants include cyclic aromatic compounds, with/without nitrogenous or chloride substitutions while metal pollutants include copper, chromate, silver, arsenic and mercury. The genetic basis of bioremediation and the microbial processes involved are examined, and the current and/or potential applications of bioremediation are discussed. The use of biotechnology for industrial and agricultural applications includes a chapter on the use of enzymes as biocatalysts to synthesize novel opiate derivatives of medical value. The conversion of low-value molasses to higher value products by biotechnological methods and the use tissue culture methods to improve sugar cane and potatoes crop production is discussed.0000000000. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: POGIL Activities for High School Biology High School POGIL Initiative, 2012 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Design of Observational Studies Paul R. Rosenbaum, 2009-10-22 An observational study is an empiric investigation of effects caused by treatments when randomized experimentation is unethical or infeasible. Observational studies are common in most fields that study the effects of treatments on people, including medicine, economics, epidemiology, education, psychology, political science and sociology. The quality and strength of evidence provided by an observational study is determined largely by its design. Design of Observational Studies is both an introduction to statistical inference in observational studies and a detailed discussion of the principles that guide the design of observational studies. Design of Observational Studies is divided into four parts. Chapters 2, 3, and 5 of Part I cover concisely, in about one hundred pages, many of the ideas discussed in Rosenbaum’s Observational Studies (also published by Springer) but in a less technical fashion. Part II discusses the practical aspects of using propensity scores and other tools to create a matched comparison that balances many covariates. Part II includes a chapter on matching in R. In Part III, the concept of design sensitivity is used to appraise the relative ability of competing designs to distinguish treatment effects from biases due to unmeasured covariates. Part IV discusses planning the analysis of an observational study, with particular reference to Sir Ronald Fisher’s striking advice for observational studies, make your theories elaborate. The second edition of his book, Observational Studies, was published by Springer in 2002. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology E. M. T. El-Mansi, C. F. A. Bryce, Arnold L. Demain, A.R. Allman, 2011-12-12 Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, Third Edition explores and illustrates the diverse array of metabolic pathways employed for the production of primary and secondary metabolites as well as biopharmaceuticals. This updated and expanded edition addresses the whole spectrum of fermentation biotechnology, from fermentation kinetics and dynam |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Give Me Liberty! An American History Eric Foner, 2016-09-15 Give Me Liberty! is the #1 book in the U.S. history survey course because it works in the classroom. A single-author text by a leader in the field, Give Me Liberty! delivers an authoritative, accessible, concise, and integrated American history. Updated with powerful new scholarship on borderlands and the West, the Fifth Edition brings new interactive History Skills Tutorials and Norton InQuizitive for History, the award-winning adaptive quizzing tool. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Wildlife DNA Analysis Adrian Linacre, Shanan Tobe, 2013-03-27 Clearly structured throughout, the introduction highlights the different types of crime where these techniques are regularly used. This chapter includes a discussion as to who performs forensic wildlife examinations, the standardisation and validation of methods, and the role of the expert witness in this type of alleged crime. This is followed by a detailed section on the science behind DNA typing including the problems in isolating DNA from trace material and subsequent genetic analysis are also covered. The book then undertakes a comprehensive review of species testing using DNA, including a step-by-step guide to sequence comparisons. A comparison of the different markers used in species testing highlights the criteria for a genetic marker. A full set of case histories illustrates the use of the different markers used. The book details the use of genetic markers to link two or more hairs/feather/leaves/needles to the same individual organism and the software used in population assignment. The problems and possibilities in isolating markers, along with the construction of allele databases are discussed in this chapter. The book concludes with evaluation and reporting of genetic evidence in wildlife forensic science illustrated by examples of witness statements. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Evolution of Metabolic Pathways R. Ibrahim, L. Varin, V. De Luca, John Romeo, 2000-09-15 The past decade has seen major advances in the cloning of genes encoding enzymes of plant secondary metabolism. This has been further enhanced by the recent project on the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome. These developments provide the molecular genetic basis to address the question of the Evolution of Metabolic Pathways. This volume provides in-depth reviews of our current knowledge on the evolutionary origin of plant secondary metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. The chapters cover five major topics: 1. Role of secondary metabolites in evolution; 2. Evolutionary origins of polyketides and terpenes; 3. Roles of oxidative reactions in the evolution of secondary metabolism; 4. Evolutionary origin of substitution reactions: acylation, glycosylation and methylation; and 5. Biochemistry and molecular biology of brassinosteroids. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Computational Quantum Chemistry Masoud Soroush, 2018-10-16 Computational Quantum Chemistry: Insights into Polymerization Reactions consolidates extensive research results, couples them with computational quantum chemistry (CQC) methods applicable to polymerization reactions, and presents those results systematically. CQC has advanced polymer reaction engineering considerably for the past two decades. The book puts these advances into perspective. It also allows you to access the most up-to-date research and CQC methods applicable to polymerization reactions in a single volume. The content is rigorous yet accessible to graduate students as well as researchers who need a reference of state-of-the-art CQC methods with polymerization applications. - Consolidates more than 10 years of theoretical polymerization reaction research currently scattered across journal articles - Accessibly presents CQC methods applicable to polymerization reactions - Provides researchers with a one-stop source of the latest theoretical developments in polymer reaction engineering |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Nontraditional Careers for Chemists Lisa M. Balbes, 2007 A Chemistry background prepares you for much more than just a laboratory career. The broad science education, analytical thinking, research methods, and other skills learned are of value to a wide variety of types of employers, and essential for a plethora of types of positions. Those who are interested in chemistry tend to have some similar personality traits and characteristics. By understanding your own personal values and interests, you can make informed decisions about what career paths to explore, and identify positions that match your needs. By expanding your options for not only what you will do, but also the environment in which you will do it, you can vastly increase the available employment opportunities, and increase the likelihood of finding enjoyable and lucrative employment. Each chapter in this book provides background information on a nontraditional field, including typical tasks, education or training requirements, and personal characteristics that make for a successful career in that field. Each chapter also contains detailed profiles of several chemists working in that field. The reader gets a true sense of what these people do on a daily basis, what in their background prepared them to move into this field, and what skills, personality, and knowledge are required to make a success of a career in this new field. Advice for people interested in moving into the field, and predictions for the future of that career, are also included from each person profiled. Career fields profiled include communication, chemical information, patents, sales and marketing, business development, regulatory affairs, public policy, safety, human resources, computers, and several others. Taken together, the career descriptions and real case histories provide a complete picture of each nontraditional career path, as well as valuable advice about how career transitions can be planned and successfully achieved by any chemist. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Geometric and Ergodic Aspects of Group Actions S. G. Dani, Anish Ghosh, 2020-01-13 This book gathers papers on recent advances in the ergodic theory of group actions on homogeneous spaces and on geometrically finite hyperbolic manifolds presented at the workshop “Geometric and Ergodic Aspects of Group Actions,” organized by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India, in 2018. Written by eminent scientists, and providing clear, detailed accounts of various topics at the interface of ergodic theory, the theory of homogeneous dynamics, and the geometry of hyperbolic surfaces, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced graduate students in mathematics. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: POGIL Activities for High School Chemistry High School POGIL Initiative, 2012 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Give Me Liberty!, 6th Edition (Volume 2) Eric Foner, 2019-10 The leading U.S. history textbook, with a new focus on Who is an American? |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Signal Transduction in Plants P. Aducci, 1997 The molecular aspects of recognition and transduction of different kinds of signals is a research area that is spawning increasing interest world-wide. Major advances have been made in animal systems but recently plants too, have become particularly attractive because of their promising role in biotechnology. The type of signals peculiar to the plant world and the similarity of plant transduction pathways investigated thus far to their animal counterparts are prompting more and more studies in this modern area of cell biology. The present book provides a comprehensive survey of all aspects of the recognition and transduction of plant signals of both chemical and physical origin such as hormones, light, toxins and elicitors. The contributing authors are drawn from diverse areas of plant physiology and plant molecular biology and present here different approaches to studying the recognition and transduction of different signals which specifically trigger molecular processes in plants. Recent advances in the field are reviewed, providing the reader with the current state of knowledge as well as insight into research perspectives and future developments. The book should interest a wide audience that includes not only researchers, advanced students, and teachers of plant biology, biochemistry and agriculture, but it has also significant implications for people working in related fields of animal systems. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: How to Give Effective Feedback to Your Students, Second Edition Susan M. Brookhart, 2017-03-10 Properly crafted and individually tailored feedback on student work boosts student achievement across subjects and grades. In this updated and expanded second edition of her best-selling book, Susan M. Brookhart offers enhanced guidance and three lenses for considering the effectiveness of feedback: (1) does it conform to the research, (2) does it offer an episode of learning for the student and teacher, and (3) does the student use the feedback to extend learning? In this comprehensive guide for teachers at all levels, you will find information on every aspect of feedback, including • Strategies to uplift and encourage students to persevere in their work. • How to formulate and deliver feedback that both assesses learning and extends instruction. • When and how to use oral, written, and visual as well as individual, group, or whole-class feedback. • A concise and updated overview of the research findings on feedback and how they apply to today's classrooms. In addition, the book is replete with examples of good and bad feedback as well as rubrics that you can use to construct feedback tailored to different learners, including successful students, struggling students, and English language learners. The vast majority of students will respond positively to feedback that shows you care about them and their learning. Whether you teach young students or teens, this book is an invaluable resource for guaranteeing that the feedback you give students is engaging, informative, and, above all, effective. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: A Brief Atlas of the Human Body Matt Hutchinson, Jon B. Mallatt, Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, 2013-08-29 Revised for the 7th Edition, this full-colour atlas is packaged with every new copy of the text, and includes 107 bone and 47 soft-tissue photographs with easy-to-read labels. This new edition of the atlas contains a brand new comprehensive histology photomicrograph section featuring over 50 slides of basic tissue and organ systems. Featuring photos taken by renowned biomedical photographer Ralph Hutchings, this high-quality photographic atlas makes an excellent resource for the classroom and laboratory, and is referenced in appropriate figure legends throughout the text. The full text downloaded to your computer With eBooks you can: search for key concepts, words and phrases make highlights and notes as you study share your notes with friends eBooks are downloaded to your computer and accessible either offline through the Bookshelf (available as a free download), available online and also via the iPad and Android apps. Upon purchase, you'll gain instant access to this eBook. Time limit The eBooks products do not have an expiry date. You will continue to access your digital ebook products whilst you have your Bookshelf installed. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Start with a Story Clyde Freeman Herreid, 2007 Kipp Herreid learned other ways to teach- much better ways. His favorite approach puts science in vivid context through case studies, which he calls stories with an educational message. This compilation of 40-plus essays examines every aspect of the case study method.--[back cover]. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Selected Activities from Foundations of Biochemistry Jenny Loertscher, Vicky Minderhout, 2011-04-01 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Hormonal Control of Reproduction Colin Russell Austin, Roger Valentine Short, 1984 In this, our Second Edition of Reproduction in Mammals, we are responding to numerous requests for a more up-to-date and rather more detailed treatment of the subject. The First Edition was accorded an excellent reception, but the first five books were written ten years ago and inevitably there have been advances on many fronts since then. As before, the manner of presentation is intended to make the subject matter interesting to read and readily comprehensible to undergraduates in the biological sciences, and yet with sufficient depth to provide a valued source of information to graduates engaged in both teaching and research. Our authors have been selected from among the best known in their respective fields. This volume discusses the manifold ways in which hormones control the reproductive processes in male and female mammals. The hypothalamus regulates both the anterior and posterior pituitary glands, whilst the pineal can exert a modulating influence on the hypothalamus. The pituitary gonadotrophins regulate the endocrine and gametogenic activities of the gonads, and there are important local feedback effects of hormones within the gonads themselves. Non-pregnant females display many different types of oestrous or menstrual cycles, and there are likewise great species differences in the endocrinology of pregnancy. But the hallmark of mammals is lactation, and this also exerts a major control on subsequent reproductive activity. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Nanotechnology in Catalysis 3 Bing Zhou, Sophie Hermans, Gabor A. Somorjai, 2004 Based on the first and second symposia on Nanotechnology in Catalysis which were held in spring 2001 at the ACS 221st National Meeting in San Diego, CA, and in fall 2002 at the ACS 224th National Meeting in Boston, MA.--Pref. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Orbital Interactions in Chemistry Thomas A. Albright, Jeremy K. Burdett, Myung-Hwan Whangbo, 2013-04-08 Explains the underlying structure that unites all disciplinesin chemistry Now in its second edition, this book explores organic,organometallic, inorganic, solid state, and materials chemistry,demonstrating how common molecular orbital situations arisethroughout the whole chemical spectrum. The authors explore therelationships that enable readers to grasp the theory thatunderlies and connects traditional fields of study withinchemistry, thereby providing a conceptual framework with which tothink about chemical structure and reactivity problems. Orbital Interactions in Chemistry begins by developingmodels and reviewing molecular orbital theory. Next, the bookexplores orbitals in the organic-main group as well as in solids.Lastly, the book examines orbital interaction patterns that occurin inorganic-organometallic fields as well as clusterchemistry, surface chemistry, and magnetism in solids. This Second Edition has been thoroughly revised andupdated with new discoveries and computational tools since thepublication of the first edition more than twenty-five years ago.Among the new content, readers will find: * Two new chapters dedicated to surface science and magneticproperties * Additional examples of quantum calculations, focusing oninorganic and organometallic chemistry * Expanded treatment of group theory * New results from photoelectron spectroscopy Each section ends with a set of problems, enabling readers totest their grasp of new concepts as they progress through the text.Solutions are available on the book's ftp site. Orbital Interactions in Chemistry is written for bothresearchers and students in organic, inorganic, solid state,materials, and computational chemistry. All readers will discoverthe underlying structure that unites all disciplines inchemistry. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Synthetic Biology: A Lab Manual Josefine Liljeruhm, Erik Gullberg, Anthony C Forster, 2014-04-16 Synthetic Biology: A Lab Manual is the first manual for laboratory work in the new and rapidly expanding field of synthetic biology. Aimed at non-specialists, it details protocols central to synthetic biology in both education and research. In addition, it provides all the information that teachers and students from high schools and tertiary institutions need for a colorful lab course in bacterial synthetic biology using chromoproteins and designer antisense RNAs. As a bonus, practical material is provided for students of the annual international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition. The manual is based upon a highly successful course at Sweden's Uppsala University and is coauthored by one of the pioneers of synthetic biology and two bioengineering postgraduate students.An inspiring foreword is written by another pioneer in the field, Harvard's George Church: “Synthetic biology is to early recombinant DNA as a genome is to a gene. Is there anything that SynBio will not impact? There was no doubt that the field of SynBio needed ‘A Lab Manual’ such as the one that you now hold in your hands.” |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Report of Research Activities Yale University. Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, 1959 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Study Guide 1 DCCCD Staff, Dcccd, 1995-11 |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis Gunter Zweig, Joseph Sherma, 2013-10-22 Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Volume IX: Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis covers the progress in spectroscopic methods for pesticide analysis. The book discusses the use of high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the analysis of heat-labile compounds; and the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and related techniques, and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The text also describes the applications of spectrophotofluorometry, infrared spectrometry, and a collection of infrared spectra of important pesticides. Toxicologists, chemists, and people working in pesticide laboratories will find the book invaluable. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Human Anatomy Michael P. McKinley, 2011 An anatomy text that includes photographs paired with illustrations that help students visualize, understand, and appreciate the wonders of human anatomy.This title includes student-friendly study tips, clinical view boxes, and progressive question sets that motivate students to internalize and apply what they've learned. |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Classroom Assessment W. James Popham, 2018-03-07 Jim Popham's widely popular Classroom Assessment shows teachers how to use classroom testing skillfully and formatively to dramatically increase their teaching effectiveness and make a difference in how well students learn. As in past editions, the author pays particular attention to the instructional payoffs of well-designed classroom tests and highlights the implications of testing on teaching throughout in special But What Does This Have to Do with Teaching? sections in each chapter. Decision Time vignettes present practical classroom problems and show readers actual decisions being made. Parent Talk features describe situations in which a teacher needs to explain something about assessment to parents and show what the author would say in that situation. And a lighter tone is established with cartoons to which readers can relate. The new Eighth Edition highlights the increasing importance of educational assessment in an era of common core state standards and teacher evaluations based on students' tests scores, incorporates the Standards for Educational and Psychological testing guidelines throughout relevant sections, and includes a new section on instructionally diagnostic tests to help readers evaluate the merits of commercial or locally developed diagnostic assessment. Also available with MyLab Education MyLab(tm) is the teaching and learning platform that empowers you to reach every student. By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, MyLab personalizes the learning experience and improves results for each student. MyLab Education helps teacher candidates bridge the gap between theory and practice-better preparing them for success in their future classrooms. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab Education does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab Education, ask your instructor to confirm the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab Education search for: 0134027299 / 9780134027296 Classroom Assessment: What Teachers Need to Know with MyEducationLab with Enhanced Pearson eText, Loose-Leaf Version -- Access Card Package Package consists of: 0134053869 / 9780134053868 Classroom Assessment: What Teachers Need to Know, Loose-Leaf Version 0134239903 / 9780134239903 MyEducationLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card -- for Classroom Assessment: What Teachers Need to Know |
| pogil oxidative phosphorylation: Australian Sheep and Wool Handbook David John Cottle, 1991 This book, designed as a text for tertiary students, covers a broad range of topics relevant to the Australian sheep and wool industry, and describes the principles upon which various activities in the sheep and wool industry are based, together with the practical implications of these principles. |
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