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POGIL Gene Expression and Translation: A Deep Dive
Introduction:
Unlocking the secrets of life hinges on understanding how our genetic code dictates the creation of proteins – the workhorses of our cells. This process, encompassing gene expression and translation, is a complex, meticulously orchestrated dance. This post will delve into the intricacies of gene expression and translation, utilizing the effective POGIL (Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning) approach to solidify your understanding. We'll explore the central dogma of molecular biology, dissect the key players involved, and uncover the fascinating mechanisms that drive this fundamental biological process. Whether you're a high school student tackling biology for the first time or a seasoned researcher, this detailed guide will equip you with a comprehensive grasp of POGIL's application to gene expression and translation.
Understanding the Central Dogma: From DNA to Protein
The central dogma of molecular biology lays the foundation for comprehending gene expression and translation. It describes the flow of genetic information: DNA → RNA → Protein.
DNA: The Blueprint of Life
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic instructions for building and maintaining an organism. These instructions are encoded in the sequence of nucleotides – adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) – forming genes. Each gene holds the blueprint for a specific protein.
Transcription: DNA to RNA
Gene expression begins with transcription, the process of creating a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule from a DNA template. This occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the gene's promoter region, unwinding the DNA double helix and synthesizing a complementary mRNA strand. The mRNA molecule then undergoes processing, including splicing (removing introns and joining exons), before exiting the nucleus.
#### Key Players in Transcription:
RNA Polymerase: The enzyme responsible for synthesizing the mRNA molecule.
Promoter Region: A specific DNA sequence that signals the starting point of transcription.
Introns and Exons: Introns are non-coding sequences within a gene, while exons are coding sequences that are translated into protein.
Translation: RNA to Protein
Translation is the process of synthesizing a polypeptide chain (protein) from the mRNA sequence. This takes place in the ribosomes, located in the cytoplasm. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic code in the form of codons – three-nucleotide sequences that specify particular amino acids.
#### The Ribosome's Role:
Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that read the mRNA codons and recruit transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and an anticodon, a three-nucleotide sequence complementary to a codon on the mRNA. The ribosome facilitates the binding of tRNA molecules to their corresponding mRNA codons, linking the amino acids together to form a growing polypeptide chain.
#### Key Players in Translation:
mRNA: Carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome.
tRNA: Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome.
Ribosomes: The site of protein synthesis.
Codons and Anticodons: Three-nucleotide sequences that match up to ensure correct amino acid incorporation.
POGIL and its Application to Gene Expression and Translation
POGIL (Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning) is a pedagogical approach that emphasizes active learning and collaborative problem-solving. In the context of gene expression and translation, POGIL activities can effectively help students understand the complex processes involved. By working through guided inquiries and analyzing data, students actively construct their understanding rather than passively receiving information.
Example POGIL Activities:
Analyzing mRNA sequences: Students can be given an mRNA sequence and tasked with predicting the resulting amino acid sequence. This activity strengthens their understanding of the genetic code and the role of codons.
Modeling transcription and translation: Using physical models or computer simulations, students can visualize the steps involved in both processes, fostering deeper comprehension.
Investigating mutations: Students can explore the effects of different mutations (e.g., point mutations, frameshift mutations) on the resulting protein. This highlights the importance of accurate gene expression and translation.
Conclusion
Understanding gene expression and translation is crucial for comprehending a vast array of biological phenomena. From the development of organisms to the pathogenesis of diseases, these processes are fundamental to life itself. The POGIL approach, with its emphasis on active learning and inquiry, offers a powerful pedagogical tool for students to grasp the intricacies of this complex subject. By engaging in guided inquiry, students develop a robust, conceptual understanding that extends beyond rote memorization.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between transcription and translation? Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from DNA, occurring in the nucleus. Translation is the synthesis of protein from mRNA, occurring in the ribosomes.
2. What are some common types of mutations that affect gene expression? Point mutations (single nucleotide changes), insertions, deletions, and frameshift mutations are all examples that can alter the protein produced.
3. How does POGIL improve student understanding of gene expression? POGIL fosters active learning through collaborative problem-solving, leading to a deeper conceptual understanding than passive learning methods.
4. What role do regulatory proteins play in gene expression? Regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors, bind to DNA and influence the rate of transcription, controlling which genes are expressed and when.
5. How can errors in gene expression lead to disease? Errors during transcription or translation can result in non-functional or misfolded proteins, leading to a wide range of genetic disorders.
| pogil gene expression translation: Preparing for the Biology AP Exam Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Fred W. Holtzclaw, Theresa Knapp Holtzclaw, 2009-11-03 Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw bring over 40 years of AP Biology teaching experience to this student manual. Drawing on their rich experience as readers and faculty consultants to the College Board and their participation on the AP Test Development Committee, the Holtzclaws have designed their resource to help your students prepare for the AP Exam. Completely revised to match the new 8th edition of Biology by Campbell and Reece. New Must Know sections in each chapter focus student attention on major concepts. Study tips, information organization ideas and misconception warnings are interwoven throughout. New section reviewing the 12 required AP labs. Sample practice exams. The secret to success on the AP Biology exam is to understand what you must know and these experienced AP teachers will guide your students toward top scores! |
| pogil gene expression translation: Gene Expression, Translation and the Behavior of Proteins Lester Goldstein, 1980 Cell Biology A Comprehensive Treatise V4 ... |
| pogil gene expression translation: Biology for AP ® Courses Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht, 2017-10-16 Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences. |
| pogil gene expression translation: The Making of the Fittest: DNA and the Ultimate Forensic Record of Evolution Sean B. Carroll, 2007-08-28 A geneticist discusses the role of DNA in the evolution of life on Earth, explaining how an analysis of DNA reveals a complete record of the events that have shaped each species and how it provides evidence of the validity of the theory of evolution. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Primer on Molecular Genetics , 1992 An introduction to basic principles of molecular genetics pertaining to the Genome Project. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Basic Concepts in Biochemistry: A Student's Survival Guide Hiram F. Gilbert, 2000 Basic Concepts in Biochemistry has just one goal: to review the toughest concepts in biochemistry in an accessible format so your understanding is through and complete.--BOOK JACKET. |
| pogil gene expression translation: The Molecular Basis of Heredity A.R. Peacocke, R.B. Drysdale, 2013-12-17 |
| pogil gene expression translation: Principles of Biology Lisa Bartee, Walter Shiner, Catherine Creech, 2017 The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Translational Control of Gene Expression Nahum Sonenberg, John W. B. Hershey, Michael B. Mathews, 2001 Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Teaching at Its Best Linda B. Nilson, 2010-04-20 Teaching at Its Best This third edition of the best-selling handbook offers faculty at all levels an essential toolbox of hundreds of practical teaching techniques, formats, classroom activities, and exercises, all of which can be implemented immediately. This thoroughly revised edition includes the newest portrait of the Millennial student; current research from cognitive psychology; a focus on outcomes maps; the latest legal options on copyright issues; and how to best use new technology including wikis, blogs, podcasts, vodcasts, and clickers. Entirely new chapters include subjects such as matching teaching methods with learning outcomes, inquiry-guided learning, and using visuals to teach, and new sections address Felder and Silverman's Index of Learning Styles, SCALE-UP classrooms, multiple true-false test items, and much more. Praise for the Third Edition of Teaching at Its BestEveryone veterans as well as novices will profit from reading Teaching at Its Best, for it provides both theory and practical suggestions for handling all of the problems one encounters in teaching classes varying in size, ability, and motivation. Wilbert McKeachie, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, and coauthor, McKeachie's Teaching TipsThis new edition of Dr. Nilson's book, with its completely updated material and several new topics, is an even more powerful collection of ideas and tools than the last. What a great resource, especially for beginning teachers but also for us veterans! L. Dee Fink, author, Creating Significant Learning ExperiencesThis third edition of Teaching at Its Best is successful at weaving the latest research on teaching and learning into what was already a thorough exploration of each topic. New information on how we learn, how students develop, and innovations in instructional strategies complement the solid foundation established in the first two editions. Marilla D. Svinicki, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas, Austin, and coauthor, McKeachie's Teaching Tips |
| pogil gene expression translation: POGIL Activities for AP Biology , 2012-10 |
| pogil gene expression translation: Genetics Benjamin A. Pierce, 2013-12-27 With Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, Pierce brings a master teacher's experiences to the introductory genetics textbook, clarifying this complex subject by focusing on the big picture of genetics concepts. The new edition features an emphasis on problem-solving and relevant applications, while incorporating the latest trends in genetics research. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Botany Illustrated Janice Glimn-Lacy, Peter B. Kaufman, 2012-12-06 This is a discovery book about plants. It is for students In the first section, introduction to plants, there are sev of botany and botanical illustration and everyone inter eral sources for various types of drawings. Hypotheti ested in plants. Here is an opportunity to browse and cal diagrams show cells, organelles, chromosomes, the choose subjects of personal inter. est, to see and learn plant body indicating tissue systems and experiments about plants as they are described. By adding color to with plants, and flower placentation and reproductive the drawings, plant structures become more apparent structures. For example, there is no average or stan and show how they function in life. The color code dard-looking flower; so to clearly show the parts of a clues tell how to color for definition and an illusion of flower (see 27), a diagram shows a stretched out and depth. For more information, the text explains the illus exaggerated version of a pink (Dianthus) flower (see trations. The size of the drawings in relation to the true 87). A basswood (Tifia) flower is the basis for diagrams size of the structures is indicated by X 1 (the same size) of flower types and ovary positions (see 28). Another to X 3000 (enlargement from true size) and X n/n source for drawings is the use of prepared microscope (reduction from true size). slides of actual plant tissues. |
| pogil gene expression translation: The Double Helix James D. Watson, 1969-02 Since its publication in 1968, The Double Helix has given countless readers a rare and exciting look at one highly significant piece of scientific research-Watson and Crick's race to discover the molecular structure of DNA. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Discipline-Based Education Research National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on the Status, Contributions, and Future Directions of Discipline-Based Education Research, 2012-08-27 The National Science Foundation funded a synthesis study on the status, contributions, and future direction of discipline-based education research (DBER) in physics, biological sciences, geosciences, and chemistry. DBER combines knowledge of teaching and learning with deep knowledge of discipline-specific science content. It describes the discipline-specific difficulties learners face and the specialized intellectual and instructional resources that can facilitate student understanding. Discipline-Based Education Research is based on a 30-month study built on two workshops held in 2008 to explore evidence on promising practices in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This book asks questions that are essential to advancing DBER and broadening its impact on undergraduate science teaching and learning. The book provides empirical research on undergraduate teaching and learning in the sciences, explores the extent to which this research currently influences undergraduate instruction, and identifies the intellectual and material resources required to further develop DBER. Discipline-Based Education Research provides guidance for future DBER research. In addition, the findings and recommendations of this report may invite, if not assist, post-secondary institutions to increase interest and research activity in DBER and improve its quality and usefulness across all natural science disciples, as well as guide instruction and assessment across natural science courses to improve student learning. The book brings greater focus to issues of student attrition in the natural sciences that are related to the quality of instruction. Discipline-Based Education Research will be of interest to educators, policy makers, researchers, scholars, decision makers in universities, government agencies, curriculum developers, research sponsors, and education advocacy groups. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Eukaryotic Gene Expression Ajit Kumar, 2013-03-09 The recent surge of interest in recombinant DNA research is understandable considering that biologists from all disciplines, using recently developed mo lecular techniques, can now study with great precision the structure and regulation of specific genes. As a discipline, molecular biology is no longer a mere subspeciality of biology or biochemistry: it is the new biology. Current approaches to the outstanding problems in virtually all the traditional disci plines in biology are now being explored using the recombinant DNA tech nology. In this atmosphere of rapid progress, the role of information exchange and swift publication becomes quite crucial. Consequently, there has been an equally rapid proliferation of symposia volumes and review articles, apart from the explosion in popular science magazines and news media, which are always ready to simplify and sensationalize the implications of recent dis coveries, often before the scientific community has had the opportunity to fully scrutinize the developments. Since many of the recent findings in this field have practical implications, quite often the symposia in molecular biology are sponsored by private industry and are of specialized interest and in any case quite expensive for students to participate in. Given that George Wash ington University is a teaching institution, our aim in sponsoring these Annual Spring Symposia is to provide, at cost, a forum for students and experts to discuss the latest developments in selected areas of great significance in biology. Additionally, since the University is located in Washington, D. C. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Adapted Primary Literature Anat Yarden, Stephen P. Norris, Linda M. Phillips, 2015-03-16 This book specifies the foundation for Adapted Primary Literature (APL), a novel text genre that enables the learning and teaching of science using research articles that were adapted to the knowledge level of high-school students. More than 50 years ago, J.J. Schwab suggested that Primary Scientific Articles “afford the most authentic, unretouched specimens of enquiry that we can obtain” and raised for the first time the idea that such articles can be used for “enquiry into enquiry”. This book, the first to be published on this topic, presents the realization of this vision and shows how the reading and writing of scientific articles can be used for inquiry learning and teaching. It provides the origins and theory of APL and examines the concept and its importance. It outlines a detailed description of creating and using APL and provides examples for the use of the enactment of APL in classes, as well as descriptions of possible future prospects for the implementation of APL. Altogether, the book lays the foundations for the use of this authentic text genre for the learning and teaching of science in secondary schools. |
| pogil gene expression translation: The Language of Science Education William F. McComas, 2013-12-30 The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning is written expressly for science education professionals and students of science education to provide the foundation for a shared vocabulary of the field of science teaching and learning. Science education is a part of education studies but has developed a unique vocabulary that is occasionally at odds with the ways some terms are commonly used both in the field of education and in general conversation. Therefore, understanding the specific way that terms are used within science education is vital for those who wish to understand the existing literature or make contributions to it. The Language of Science Education provides definitions for 100 unique terms, but when considering the related terms that are also defined as they relate to the targeted words, almost 150 words are represented in the book. For instance, “laboratory instruction” is accompanied by definitions for openness, wet lab, dry lab, virtual lab and cookbook lab. Each key term is defined both with a short entry designed to provide immediate access following by a more extensive discussion, with extensive references and examples where appropriate. Experienced readers will recognize the majority of terms included, but the developing discipline of science education demands the consideration of new words. For example, the term blended science is offered as a better descriptor for interdisciplinary science and make a distinction between project-based and problem-based instruction. Even a definition for science education is included. The Language of Science Education is designed as a reference book but many readers may find it useful and enlightening to read it as if it were a series of very short stories. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Cell-Free Gene Expression Ashty S. Karim, Michael C. Jewett, 2022-01-06 This detailed volume explores perspectives and methods using cell-free expression (CFE) to enable next-generation synthetic biology applications. The first section focuses on tools for CFE systems, including a primer on DNA handling and reproducibility, as well as methods for cell extract preparation from diverse organisms and enabling high-throughput cell-free experimentation. The second section provides an array of applications for CFE systems, such as metabolic engineering, membrane-based and encapsulated CFE, cell-free sensing and detection, and educational kits. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Cell‐Free Gene Expression: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers seeking technical methods to current aspects of CFE and related applications. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Translation In Eukaryotes Hans Trachsel, 1991-07-24 This book presents an up-to-date review of the mechanisms and regulation of translation in eukaryotes. Topics covered include the basic biochemical reactions of translation initiation, elongation and termination, and the regulation of these reactions under different physiological conditions and in virus-infected cells. The book belongs on the shelf of everyone interested in translation in eukaryotes, including students and researchers requiring comprehensive overviews of most aspects of translation and instructors who want to cover these topics at an advanced level. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Photoperiodism in Plants Brian Thomas, Daphne Vince-Prue, 1996-10-17 Photoperiodism is the response to the length of the day that enables living organisms to adapt to seasonal changes in their environment as well as latitudinal variation. As such, it is one of the most significant andcomplex aspects of the interaction between plants and their environment and is a major factor controlling their growth and development. As the new and powerful technologies of molecular genetics are brought to bear on photoperiodism, it becomes particularly important to place new work in the context of the considerable amount of physiological information which already exists on the subject. This innovative book will be of interest to a wide range of plant scientists, from those interested in fundamental plant physiology and molecular biology to agronomists and crop physiologists. - Provides a self-sufficient account of all the important subjects and key literature references for photoperiodism - Includes research of the last twenty years since the publication of the First Edition - Includes details of molecular genetic techniques brought to bear on photoperiodism |
| pogil gene expression translation: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Control of Messenger RNA Stability Joel Belasco, Joel G. Belasco, George Brawerman, 1993-04-06 This is the first comprehensive review of mRNA stability and its implications for regulation of gene expression. Written by experts in the field, Control of Messenger RNA Stability serves both as a reference for specialists in regulation of mRNA stability and as a general introduction for a broader community of scientists. Provides perspectives from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems Offers a timely, comprehensive review of mRNA degradation, its regulation, and its significance in the control of gene expression Discusses the mechanisms, RNA structural determinants, and cellular factors that control mRNA degradation Evaluates experimental procedures for studying mRNA degradation |
| pogil gene expression translation: The Pancreatic Beta Cell , 2014-02-20 First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Series provides up-to-date information on vitamin and hormone research spanning data from molecular biology to the clinic. A volume can focus on a single molecule or on a disease that is related to vitamins or hormones. A hormone is interpreted broadly so that related substances, such as transmitters, cytokines, growth factors and others can be reviewed. This volume focuses on the pancreatic beta cell. - Expertise of the contributors - Coverage of a vast array of subjects - In depth current information at the molecular to the clinical levels - Three-dimensional structures in color - Elaborate signaling pathways |
| pogil gene expression translation: Regulation of Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes Ekkehard K.F. Bautz, P. Karlson, H. Kersten, 2012-12-06 This volume represents the proceedings of the 24th Mos bach Colloquium on Regulation of Transcription and Trans lation in Eukaryotes which was held April 26-28, 1973, in Mosbach, Germany, under the auspices of the Gesellschaft fiir Biologische Chemie. To the three of us (H. KERSTEN, P. KARLSON and myself) who were commissioned with the invitation of speakers, it was a difficult decision as to whether we should attempt to cover with some twenty contributions as many aspects of this broad topic as possible, or to sacrifice the intellectually perhaps more pleasing but more specula tive concepts and to concentrate on a few aspects of gene expression in reasonable detail. We unanimously decided on the latter course, leaving such important and timely topics as for example, hormone action, cyclic AMP and reverse transcription to the proceedings of other symposia, and con centrating on the four questions which are most basic to an understanding of the mechanisms of transcription and trans lation and for which fragmentary but nonetheless reliable experimental results have become available within the last few years. These are the structure of chromatin, the syn thesis of messenger RNA, the structure of the active ribo some, and the role of initiation factors in protein synthesis. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Cooperative Learning Spencer Kagan, Miguel Kagan, 1994 Grade level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, k, p, e, i, s, t. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Mechanisms of Hormone Action P Karlson, 2013-10-22 Mechanisms of Hormone Action: A NATO Advanced Study Institute focuses on the action mechanisms of hormones, including regulation of proteins, hormone actions, and biosynthesis. The selection first offers information on hormone action at the cell membrane and a new approach to the structure of polypeptides and proteins in biological systems, such as the membranes of cells. Discussions focus on the cell membrane as a possible locus for the hormone receptor; gaps in understanding of the molecular organization of the cell membrane; and a possible model of hormone action at the membrane level. The text also ponders on insulin and regulation of protein biosynthesis, including insulin and protein biosynthesis, insulin and nucleic acid metabolism, and proposal as to the mode of action of insulin in stimulating protein synthesis. The publication elaborates on the action of a neurohypophysial hormone in an elasmobranch fish; the effect of ecdysone on gene activity patterns in giant chromosomes; and action of ecdysone on RNA and protein metabolism in the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala. Topics include nature of the enzyme induction, ecdysone and RNA metabolism, and nature of the epidermis nuclear RNA fractions isolated by the Georgiev method. The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in the mechanisms of hormone action. |
| pogil gene expression translation: COVID-19 and Education Christopher Cheong, Jo Coldwell-Neilson, Kathryn MacCallum, Tian Luo, Anthony Scime, 2021-05-28 Topics include work-integrated learning (internships), student well-being, and students with disabilities. Also,it explores the impact on assessments and academic integrity and what analysis of online systems tells us. Preface ................................................................................................................................ ix Section I: Introduction .................................................. 1 Chapter 1: COVID-19 Emergency Education Policy and Learning Loss: A Comparative Study ............................................................................................................ 3 Athena Vongalis-Macrow, Denise De Souza, Clare Littleton, Anna Sekhar Section II: Student and Teacher Perspectives .............. 27 Chapter 2: Classrooms Going Digital – Evaluating Online Presence Through Students’ Perception Using Community of Inquiry Framework .............................. 29 Hiep Cong Pham, Phuong Ai Hoang, Duy Khanh Pham, Nguyen Hoang Thuan, Minh Nhat Nguyen Chapter 3: A Study of Music Education, Singing, and Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Music Teachers and Their Students in Hong Kong, China .......................................................................................................... 51 Wai-Chung Ho Hong Kong Baptist University Chapter 4: The Architectural Design Studio During a Pandemic: A Hybrid Pedagogy of Virtual and Experiential Learning .......................................................... 75 Cecilia De Marinis, Ross T. Smith Chapter 5: Enhancing Online Education with Intelligent Discussion Tools ........ 97 Jake Renzella, Laura Tubino, Andrew Cain, Jean-Guy Schneider Section III: Student Experience ................................... 115 Chapter 6: Australian Higher Education Student Perspectives on Emergency Remote Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic ............................................... 117 Christopher Cheong, Justin Filippou, France Cheong, Gillian Vesty, Viktor Arity Chapter 7: Online Learning and Engagement with the Business Practices During Pandemic ......................................................................................................................... 151 Aida Ghalebeigi, Ehsan Gharaie Chapter 8: Effects of an Emergency Transition to Online Learning in Higher Education in Mexico ..................................................................................................... 165 Deon Victoria Heffington, Vladimir Veniamin Cabañas Victoria Chapter 9: Factors Affecting the Quality of E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic From the Perspective of Higher Education Students ............................ 189 Kesavan Vadakalur Elumalai, Jayendira P Sankar, Kalaichelvi R, Jeena Ann John, Nidhi Menon, Mufleh Salem M Alqahtani, May Abdulaziz Abumelha Disabilities ................................................................. 213 Chapter 10: Learning and Working Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Wellbeing Literacy Perspective on Work Integrated Learning Students ............... 215 Nancy An, Gillian Vesty, Christopher Cheong Chapter 11: Hands-on Learning in a Hands-off World: Project-Based Learning as a Method of Student Engagement and Support During the COVID-19 Crisis .. 245 Nicole A. Suarez, Ephemeral Roshdy, Dana V. Bakke, Andrea A. Chiba, Leanne Chukoskie Chapter 12: Positive and Contemplative Pedagogies: A Holistic Educational Approach to Student Learning and Well-being ........................................................ 265 Sandy Fitzgerald (née Ng) Chapter 13: Taking Advantage of New Opportunities Afforded by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Responsive and Dynamic Library and Information Science Work Integrated Learning .............................................................................. 297 Jessie Lymn, Suzanne Pasanai Chapter 14: Online Learning for Students with Disabilities During COVID-19 Lockdown ....................................................................................................................... 313 Mark Taylor Section V: Teacher Practice .......................................... 331 Chapter 15: From Impossibility to Necessity: Reflections on Moving to Emergency Remote University Teaching During COVID-19 ............................... 333 Mikko Rajanen Chapter 16: Business (Teaching) as Usual Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Online Teaching Practice in Hong Kong ......................................... 355 Tsz Kit Ng, Rebecca Reynolds, Man Yi (Helen) Chan, Xiu Han Li, Samuel Kai Wah Chu Chapter 17: Secondary School Language Teachers’ Online Learning Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia ......................................................... 385 Imelda Gozali, Anita Lie, Siti Mina Tamah, Katarina Retno Triwidayati, Tresiana Sari Diah Utami, Fransiskus Jemadi Chapter 18: Riding the COVID-19 Wave: Online Learning Activities for a Field-based Marine Science Unit ........................................................................................... 415 PF Francis Section VI: Assessment and Academic Integrity .......... 429 Chapter 19: Student Academic Integrity in Online Learning in Higher Education in the Era of COVID-19 .............................................................................................. 431 Carolyn Augusta, Robert D. E. Henderson Chapter 20: Assessing Mathematics During COVID-19 Times ............................ 447 Simon James, Kerri Morgan, Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio, Laura Tubino Chapter 21: Preparedness of Institutions of Higher Education for Assessment in Virtual Learning Environments During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Evidence of Bona Fide Challenges and Pragmatic Solutions ........................................................ 465 Talha Sharadgah, Rami Sa’di Section VII: Social Media, Analytics, and Systems ...... 487 Chapter 22: Learning Disrupted: A Comparison of Two Consecutive Student Cohorts ............................................................................................................................ 489 Peter Vitartas, Peter Matheis Chapter 23: What Twitter Tells Us about Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic ................................................................................................................... 503 Sa Liu, Jason R Harron |
| pogil gene expression translation: Prokaryotic Gene Expression Simon Baumberg, 1999-05-27 Prokaryotic gene expression is not only of theoretical interest but also of highly practical significance. It has implications for other biological problems, such as developmental biology and cancer, brings insights into genetic engineering and expression systems, and has consequences for important aspects of applied research. For example, the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenicity has implications for new antibiotics and in crop development. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a major review of the subject, providing up-to-date coverage as well as numerous insights by the prestigious authors. Topics covered include operons; protein recognition of sequence specific DNA- and RNA-binding sites; promoters; sigma factors, and variant tRNA polymerases; repressors and activators; post-transcriptional control and attenuation; ribonuclease activity, mRNA stability, and translational repression; prokaryotic DNA topology, topoisomerases, and gene expression; regulatory networks, regulatory cascades and signal transduction; phosphotransfer reactions; switch systems, transcriptional and translational modulation, methylation, and recombination mechanisms; pathogenicity, toxin regulation and virulence determinants; sporulation and genetic regulation of antibiotic production; origins of regulatory molecules, selective pressures and evolution of prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms systems. Over 1100 references to the primary literature are cited. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a comprehensive and authoritative review of current knowledge and research in the area. It is essential reading for postgraduates and researchers in the field. Advanced undergraduates in biochemistry, molecular biology, and microbiology will also find this book useful. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Overcoming Students' Misconceptions in Science Mageswary Karpudewan, Ahmad Nurulazam Md Zain, A.L. Chandrasegaran, 2017-03-07 This book discusses the importance of identifying and addressing misconceptions for the successful teaching and learning of science across all levels of science education from elementary school to high school. It suggests teaching approaches based on research data to address students’ common misconceptions. Detailed descriptions of how these instructional approaches can be incorporated into teaching and learning science are also included. The science education literature extensively documents the findings of studies about students’ misconceptions or alternative conceptions about various science concepts. Furthermore, some of the studies involve systematic approaches to not only creating but also implementing instructional programs to reduce the incidence of these misconceptions among high school science students. These studies, however, are largely unavailable to classroom practitioners, partly because they are usually found in various science education journals that teachers have no time to refer to or are not readily available to them. In response, this book offers an essential and easily accessible guide. |
| pogil gene expression translation: RNA and Protein Synthesis Kivie Moldave, 1981 RNA and Protein Synthesis ... |
| pogil gene expression translation: Numerical Analysis Larkin Ridgway Scott, 2011-04-18 Computational science is fundamentally changing how technological questions are addressed. The design of aircraft, automobiles, and even racing sailboats is now done by computational simulation. The mathematical foundation of this new approach is numerical analysis, which studies algorithms for computing expressions defined with real numbers. Emphasizing the theory behind the computation, this book provides a rigorous and self-contained introduction to numerical analysis and presents the advanced mathematics that underpin industrial software, including complete details that are missing from most textbooks. Using an inquiry-based learning approach, Numerical Analysis is written in a narrative style, provides historical background, and includes many of the proofs and technical details in exercises. Students will be able to go beyond an elementary understanding of numerical simulation and develop deep insights into the foundations of the subject. They will no longer have to accept the mathematical gaps that exist in current textbooks. For example, both necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of basic iterative methods are covered, and proofs are given in full generality, not just based on special cases. The book is accessible to undergraduate mathematics majors as well as computational scientists wanting to learn the foundations of the subject. Presents the mathematical foundations of numerical analysis Explains the mathematical details behind simulation software Introduces many advanced concepts in modern analysis Self-contained and mathematically rigorous Contains problems and solutions in each chapter Excellent follow-up course to Principles of Mathematical Analysis by Rudin |
| pogil gene expression translation: Translational Regulation of Gene Expression 2 J. Ilan, 2012-12-06 This book, which results from the dramatic increase in interest in the control mechanism employed in gene expression and the importance of the regulated proteins, presents new information not covered in Translational Regulation of Gene Expression, which was published in 1987. It is not a revision of the earlier book but, rather, an extension of that volume witl, special emphasis on mecha nIsm. As the reader will discover, there is enormous diversity in the systems employing genes for translational regulation in order to regulate the appearance of the final product-the protein. Thus, we find that important proteins such as protooncogenes, growth factors, stress proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, iron storage and iron-uptake proteins, and a panorama of prokaryotic proteins, as well as eukaryotic viral proteins, are translationally regulated. Since for some gene products the degree of control is greater by a few orders of magnitude than their transcription, we can state that for these genes, at least, the expression is translationall y controlled. Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged in the last few years as a major research field. The present book describes mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria, yeast, and eukaryotic viruses, as well as in eukaryotic genes. In this book we try to provide in-depth coverage by including important examples from each group rather than systematically including all additional systems not described in the previous volume. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Interaction of Translational and Transcriptional Controls in the Regulation of Gene Expression Marianne Grunberg-Manago, 2012-12-02 Interaction of Translational and Transcriptional Controls in the Regulation of Gene Expression presents the proceedings of the Fogarty International Conference on Translational/Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, on April 7-9, 1982. Speakers discussed the molecular strategies at work during the modulation of gene expression following transcriptional initiation. They also discussed recent developments in a number of key areas in which transcriptional and translational components interact. Organized into five sections encompassing 36 chapters, this volume explores both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, as well as structure-function correlations. It begins with an overview of translational/transcriptional controls in prokaryotes, the regulation of gene expression by transcription termination and RNA processing, and the structure and expression of initiation factor genes. It then examines the effect of the codon context on translational fidelity, including mistranslation of messenger RNA; protein synthesis for the construction of cell architecture; regulation of initiation factor activity; and translational regulation in cells. This book is a valuable resource for Fogarty International Scholars who want to broaden their knowledge and contribute their expertise to the National Institutes of Health community. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Chemistry Education in the ICT Age Minu Gupta Bhowon, Sabina Jhaumeer-Laulloo, Henri Li Kam Wah, Ponnadurai Ramasami, 2009-07-21 th th The 20 International Conference on Chemical Education (20 ICCE), which had rd th “Chemistry in the ICT Age” as the theme, was held from 3 to 8 August 2008 at Le Méridien Hotel, Pointe aux Piments, in Mauritius. With more than 200 participants from 40 countries, the conference featured 140 oral and 50 poster presentations. th Participants of the 20 ICCE were invited to submit full papers and the latter were subjected to peer review. The selected accepted papers are collected in this book of proceedings. This book of proceedings encloses 39 presentations covering topics ranging from fundamental to applied chemistry, such as Arts and Chemistry Education, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chemical Education for Development, Chemistry at Secondary Level, Chemistry at Tertiary Level, Chemistry Teacher Education, Chemistry and Society, Chemistry Olympiad, Context Oriented Chemistry, ICT and Chemistry Education, Green Chemistry, Micro Scale Chemistry, Modern Technologies in Chemistry Education, Network for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Public Understanding of Chemistry, Research in Chemistry Education and Science Education at Elementary Level. We would like to thank those who submitted the full papers and the reviewers for their timely help in assessing the papers for publication. th We would also like to pay a special tribute to all the sponsors of the 20 ICCE and, in particular, the Tertiary Education Commission (http://tec.intnet.mu/) and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (http://www.opcw.org/) for kindly agreeing to fund the publication of these proceedings. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Translation Initiation: Extract Systems and Molecular Genetics , 2007-10-15 For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the first of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Focus on Life Science California Michael J. Padilla, 2008 Provides many approaches to help students learn science: direct instruction from the teacher, textbooks and supplementary materials for reading, and laboratory investigations and experiments to perform. It also provides for the regular teaching and practice of reading and vocabulary skills students need to use a science textbook successfully. |
| pogil gene expression translation: Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur Butt, 2013-04-15 Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverage includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role of glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides |
| pogil gene expression translation: Inducible Gene Expression, Volume 1 P.A. Baeuerle, 2013-12-01 Cells have evolved multiple strategies to adapt the composition and quality of their protein equipment to needs imposed by changes in intra- and extracellular conditions. The appearance of pro teins transmit ting novel functional properties to cells can be controlled at a transcrip tional, posttranscriptional, translational or posttranslational level. Extensive research over the past 15 years has shown that transcriptional regulation is used as the predominant strategy to control the production of new proteins in response to extracellular stimuli. At the level of gene transcription, the initiation ofmRNA synthesis is used most frequently to govern gene expression. The key elements controlling transcription initiation in eukaryotes are activator proteins (transactivators) that bind in a sequence-specific manner to short DNA sequences in the of genes. The activator binding sites are elements of larger proximity control units, ca lied promoters and enhancers, which bind many distinct proteins. These may synergize or negatively cooperate with the activators. The do novo binding of an activator to DNA or, if already bound to DNA, its functional activation is what ultimately turns on a high-level expression of genes. The activity of transactivators is controlled by signalling pathways and, in some cases, transactivators actively partici pate in signal transduction by moving from the cytoplasm into the nuc1eus. In this first volume of Inducible Gene Expression, leading scientists in the field review six eukaryotic transactivators that allow cells to respond to various extracellular stimuli by the expression of new proteins. |
| pogil gene expression translation: English-Latin Dictionary; Or, Dictionary of the Latin Tongue Thomas Goodwin, 2022-10-26 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
Transcription:Translation POGIL- Honors - Kenwood Ac…
The second step in decoding genetic messages is translation. The sequence …
Gene Expression Translation Pogil - archive.ncarb.org
Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged …
Gene Expression Translation Pogil Copy - netsec.csuci.edu
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to …
Decoding the Secrets of Gene Expression: A Deep Dive into …
powerful tool for mastering this topic, delve into specific examples of gene …
Pogil Gene Expression Translation [PDF] - netsec.csu…
POGIL (Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning) is a pedagogical approach …
Gene Expression Translation Pogil - pd.westernu.edu
Gene Expression Translation Pogil Sean B. Carroll Fidelity and Quality Control in …
Gene ExpressionTranscription - RHS Biology
Gene Expression—Translation How do cells synthesize proteins? The message …
15 Gene Expression-Translation-S - Corner Canyon AP Biology
Gene Expression—Translation. How do cells synthesize polypeptides and convert them to functional proteins? Why? The message in your DNA of who you are and how your body works is carried out by cells through gene expression. In most cases this means synthesizing a specific protein to do a specific job. First, mRNA is transcribed from the DNA code.
Transcription:Translation POGIL- Honors - Kenwood …
The second step in decoding genetic messages is translation. The sequence of bases in mRNA is a set of instructions that originated in the nucleus. When a ribosome is attached to an mRNA sequence, codons, or groups of three bases, are read by the ribosome.
Gene Expression Translation Pogil - archive.ncarb.org
Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged in the last few years as a major research field The present book describes mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria yeast and eukaryotic viruses as well as in
Gene Expression Translation Pogil Copy - netsec.csuci.edu
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically a protein. This intricate process involves two major steps: transcription and translation. Transcription: The DNA to RNA Conversion.
Decoding the Secrets of Gene Expression: A Deep Dive into …
powerful tool for mastering this topic, delve into specific examples of gene expression POGIL activities, and offer tips for maximizing your learning experience. Prepare to unravel the mysteries of the central dogma and unlock a deeper understanding of gene expression! What is POGIL and Why is it Effective for Learning Gene Expression?
Pogil Gene Expression Translation [PDF] - netsec.csuci.edu
POGIL (Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning) is a pedagogical approach that emphasizes active learning and collaborative problem-solving. In the context of gene expression and translation, POGIL activities can effectively help students understand the …
Gene Expression Translation Pogil - pd.westernu.edu
Gene Expression Translation Pogil Sean B. Carroll Fidelity and Quality Control in Gene Expression Assen Marintchev,2012-01-27 The goal of this volume is to provide a comprehensive mechanistic and quantitative view of the processes that …
Gene ExpressionTranscription - RHS Biology
Gene Expression—Translation How do cells synthesize proteins? The message in your DNA of who you are and how your body works is carried out by cells through gene expression. In most cases this means synthesizing a specific protein to do a specific job. First, mRNA is transcribed from the DNA code.
The lac operon lesson plan - North Carolina State University
PART 4: BACTERIAL TRANSLATION. Instructor Note: PART 4 is modified from the activity “POGIL Gene Expression – Translation”, POGILTM Activities for AP* Biology. We recommend using whatever portions of the activity are appropriate for your course in providing a review of translation. STOP.
Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes - WHEATLEY'S …
How do prokaryotes use operons to control gene expression? Why? Houses usually have a light source in every room, but it would be a waste of energy to leave every light on all the time, so there are switches to turn off the lights in rooms that are not in use.
Gene Expression Translation Pogil Answers (PDF)
Unlocking the secrets of gene expression and translation can be challenging, especially when tackling complex exercises like the POGIL activities. This comprehensive guide provides you with not just the answers to your gene expression and translation POGIL questions, but also a deeper understanding of the underlying biological processes. We'll ...
POGIL Activities for AP* Biology - Flinn Sci
™POGIL Activities for AP* Biology Evolution Selection and Speciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Phylogenetic Trees ...
14 Gene Expression-Transcription-S - Corner Canyon AP …
Gene Expression—Transcription. How is mRNA synthesized and what message does it carry? Why? DNA is often referred to as a genetic blueprint. In the same way that blueprints contain the instructions for construction of a building, the DNA found inside the nuclei of cells contains the instructions for assembling a living organism.
Carmel Unified Moodle
11. In which diagram of Model 2 is transcription and translation occurring successfully, diagram A or diagram B? Justify your answer with evidence from Model 2. 12. Does the regulatory gene in Model 2 produce a protein that is an active or inactive …
Pogil Activities For Gene Expression (PDF)
POGIL Activities for Gene Expression: Engaging Students in the Central Dogma Keywords: POGIL, Gene Expression, Central Dogma, Biology Education, Active Learning, Inquiry-Based Learning, Scientific ... Translation: Using a model of a ribosome, students can simulate the process of translation, deciphering mRNA codons and assembling the correct ...
Pogil Gene Expression Transcription Copy - netsec.csuci.edu
guide to understanding gene expression, specifically focusing on transcription, using the POGIL approach. We'll break down the complex mechanisms, provide practical examples, and offer insights to help you master this crucial biological concept.
Table of Contents - POGIL
POGIL™ Activities for AP* Biology iii Table of Contents Preface..... v Acknowledgments ..... vi
Control Of Gene Expression In Prokaryotes Pogil (book)
post dives deep into the control of gene expression in prokaryotes, leveraging the POGIL (Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning) approach to guide you through the key concepts and mechanisms. We'll explore operons, transcription factors, and
Pogil Activities For Ap Biology Gene Expression Translation …
Pogil Activities For Ap Biology Gene Expression Translation: Biology for AP ® Courses Julianne Zedalis,John Eggebrecht,2017-10-16 Biology for AP courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two semester Advanced Placement …
Gene Expression Translation Pogil Answers Key .pdf
We'll break down the key stages of gene expression, from transcription to translation, offering explanations that go beyond simple answers, helping you truly master this crucial biological process. Understanding the Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein
