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Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice
Introduction:
Are you a community leader, urban planner, or simply a concerned citizen eager to revitalize your local economy? Understanding the intricate dance between economic development theory and practical implementation is crucial for creating thriving communities. This comprehensive guide delves into the core principles of planning local economic development, bridging the gap between academic concepts and real-world strategies. We'll explore established theories, dissect successful case studies, and arm you with the knowledge to contribute meaningfully to your own area's economic prosperity. Prepare to move beyond abstract notions and grasp the practical steps necessary for effective local economic development.
H2: Understanding the Theoretical Foundations of Local Economic Development
Local economic development (LED) isn't a haphazard process; it's grounded in robust theoretical frameworks. Several key schools of thought guide our understanding and approach:
H3: Neoclassical Economics: This traditional perspective emphasizes market forces, individual rationality, and competition. From this lens, LED focuses on creating a favorable business environment – reducing regulations, attracting investment, and fostering a skilled workforce. While efficient, this approach can sometimes overlook issues of equity and social justice.
H3: Keynesian Economics: This perspective suggests that government intervention plays a vital role in stimulating economic growth, particularly during periods of recession. LED initiatives informed by Keynesian principles often involve public investments in infrastructure, education, and job creation programs. The emphasis is on aggregate demand and stimulating economic activity through government spending.
H3: Endogenous Growth Theory: This theory shifts the focus from external factors to the internal capabilities of a region. It emphasizes the importance of innovation, knowledge spillover, and human capital development as drivers of long-term economic growth. LED strategies informed by this theory concentrate on fostering innovation clusters, supporting entrepreneurship, and investing in education and training.
H3: Institutional Economics: This perspective highlights the importance of institutions – formal and informal rules, norms, and organizations – in shaping economic outcomes. LED strategies from this viewpoint concentrate on strengthening local governance structures, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and building trust within the community.
H2: Putting Theory into Practice: Strategies for Effective Local Economic Development
The practical application of LED theory involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating several key strategies:
H3: Business Retention and Expansion: Existing businesses form the backbone of a local economy. Strategies here focus on identifying challenges faced by local businesses, providing support services (e.g., training, financing), and creating an environment conducive to their growth and expansion.
H3: Business Attraction: Attracting new businesses requires a compelling value proposition. This involves showcasing the region's strengths (e.g., skilled workforce, infrastructure, quality of life) and actively marketing the area to prospective investors and companies.
H3: Entrepreneurship Development: Supporting entrepreneurship is crucial for innovation and job creation. LED programs often include incubator spaces, mentorship programs, access to funding, and networking opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs.
H3: Infrastructure Development: Adequate infrastructure – transportation, utilities, communication networks – is essential for economic activity. LED initiatives frequently involve strategic investments in infrastructure to improve connectivity, accessibility, and overall business environment.
H3: Workforce Development: A skilled and adaptable workforce is a key asset. LED strategies often involve partnerships with educational institutions to align training programs with local industry needs, ensuring the availability of qualified workers.
H2: Case Studies: Successful Examples of Local Economic Development
Studying successful LED initiatives offers valuable insights. Examples include the revitalization of specific neighborhoods through community-led projects, the development of innovation clusters centered around specific industries, and the targeted attraction of high-growth businesses through incentives and strategic planning. Analyzing these case studies reveals the importance of adapting strategies to local contexts and the value of community engagement.
H2: Overcoming Challenges in Local Economic Development
Implementing LED strategies isn't without challenges. These include securing funding, navigating political landscapes, addressing inequality, and adapting to rapid technological changes. Successfully navigating these challenges requires strong leadership, effective collaboration among stakeholders, and a clear vision for the future of the community.
Conclusion:
Planning local economic development requires a deep understanding of both theoretical frameworks and practical implementation strategies. By effectively integrating diverse theoretical perspectives and adopting a multifaceted approach, communities can foster sustainable economic growth, create jobs, and enhance the overall quality of life for their residents. Remember that successful LED is a continuous process of learning, adaptation, and community engagement.
FAQs:
1. What is the role of government in local economic development? Government plays a crucial role, providing funding, creating supportive regulations, investing in infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. However, the level and type of government intervention vary based on the adopted theoretical framework and local context.
2. How can communities measure the success of their LED initiatives? Success can be measured through various metrics, including job creation, business growth, increased investment, improved infrastructure, and enhanced quality of life indicators. Regular monitoring and evaluation are critical to ensure initiatives are achieving their intended outcomes.
3. What is the importance of community engagement in LED? Community engagement is paramount. Local residents are stakeholders with valuable insights and perspectives that should inform the planning and implementation of LED strategies. Their active participation ensures projects align with community needs and values, fostering broader support and ownership.
4. How can small towns and rural communities leverage LED strategies? Small towns and rural communities can utilize LED strategies focused on their unique strengths, such as promoting agritourism, supporting local entrepreneurship, and attracting remote workers through improved digital infrastructure. Leveraging their natural resources and cultural heritage can also be highly effective.
5. What are some common mistakes to avoid in LED planning? Common mistakes include neglecting community input, focusing solely on attracting large businesses without supporting local businesses, overlooking infrastructure needs, and lacking a long-term strategic vision. Careful planning, regular evaluation, and adaptive management are crucial for mitigating these risks.
Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice
Introduction:
Revitalizing a struggling local economy requires more than just wishful thinking; it demands a strategic, informed approach. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricate world of planning local economic development, bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical implementation. We’ll explore proven strategies, analyze common pitfalls, and provide actionable insights for community leaders, policymakers, and anyone passionate about fostering sustainable economic growth at the local level. Whether you're a seasoned economic development professional or just starting to explore the field, this post offers valuable knowledge and practical tools to help your community thrive.
H2: Understanding the Theoretical Foundations
Effective local economic development planning begins with a solid theoretical understanding. Several key theories underpin successful strategies:
H3: Neoclassical Economics: This approach emphasizes market forces, free competition, and minimal government intervention. It focuses on attracting businesses by creating a favorable investment climate, often through tax incentives and deregulation. While effective in certain contexts, it can overlook the needs of specific communities and exacerbate existing inequalities.
H3: Keynesian Economics: This perspective advocates for government intervention to stimulate demand and boost economic activity, particularly during recessions. It emphasizes public investment in infrastructure, education, and job training programs as catalysts for growth. This approach can be particularly beneficial in addressing cyclical unemployment and boosting aggregate demand.
H3: Endogenous Growth Theory: This theory posits that economic growth is driven by innovation, technological advancements, and human capital development. It emphasizes the importance of fostering a culture of entrepreneurship, supporting research and development, and investing in education and skill-building initiatives. This is crucial for long-term sustainable growth, moving beyond short-term gains.
H3: Institutional Economics: This perspective highlights the role of institutions – both formal (laws, regulations) and informal (norms, social networks) – in shaping economic outcomes. Successful local economic development requires strong governance, effective collaboration among stakeholders, and a supportive institutional environment.
H2: Practical Strategies for Local Economic Development
Theory provides the framework, but practical implementation is key. Here are several proven strategies:
H3: Diversification of the Economic Base: Over-reliance on a single industry leaves a community vulnerable to economic shocks. Diversification involves nurturing multiple sectors, creating resilience and reducing dependence on any one source of revenue. This might involve attracting businesses from diverse industries or supporting the growth of existing, smaller enterprises.
H3: Cluster Development: Concentrating related businesses in a geographic area fosters collaboration, innovation, and shared resources. This synergistic effect can boost productivity and competitiveness. Identifying and nurturing existing clusters, or strategically attracting businesses that complement existing ones, is vital.
H3: Infrastructure Development: Adequate infrastructure—transportation, utilities, communication networks—is crucial for attracting businesses and supporting economic activity. Investing in infrastructure improvements can significantly enhance a community's appeal to investors and improve the quality of life for residents.
H3: Human Capital Development: A skilled workforce is essential for economic growth. Investing in education, job training, and workforce development programs ensures that the local population possesses the skills needed for high-demand jobs. This can involve partnerships with educational institutions, businesses, and training providers.
H3: Entrepreneurship Support: Fostering a culture of entrepreneurship encourages innovation and job creation. Providing resources such as business incubators, mentorship programs, and access to funding can significantly boost the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
H2: Overcoming Challenges and Avoiding Pitfalls
Implementing successful local economic development plans is not without its challenges. Common pitfalls include:
H3: Lack of Collaboration: Effective economic development requires collaboration among diverse stakeholders – government, businesses, community organizations, and residents. Without strong partnerships, initiatives can fail to gain momentum or address the needs of the community effectively.
H3: Inadequate Funding: Economic development initiatives require significant financial resources. Securing sufficient funding from various sources – local, regional, state, and federal governments, as well as private investment – is crucial.
H3: Insufficient Data and Planning: Effective planning requires robust data collection and analysis to identify opportunities and challenges, target interventions effectively, and measure progress. A data-driven approach is essential for informed decision-making.
H3: Lack of Long-Term Vision: Sustainable economic development requires a long-term perspective, not just short-term gains. A well-defined vision and strategic plan, supported by consistent policy and investment, is vital for long-term success.
Conclusion:
Planning local economic development is a complex but rewarding endeavor. By understanding the relevant theoretical frameworks and implementing practical strategies, communities can build resilient and prosperous economies. Collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and a long-term vision are essential for achieving sustainable and equitable growth. Remember that flexibility and adaptability are key; constantly evaluating and adjusting strategies based on data and community needs is crucial for long-term success.
FAQs:
1. What is the role of the government in local economic development? Government plays a crucial role in providing infrastructure, supporting education and training, creating a favorable regulatory environment, and providing incentives to attract businesses.
2. How can small businesses contribute to local economic development? Small businesses are the backbone of many local economies, creating jobs, providing goods and services, and fostering innovation. Supporting their growth is critical.
3. What are some key performance indicators (KPIs) to track the success of local economic development initiatives? KPIs can include job creation, business retention, investment attraction, income growth, and poverty reduction.
4. How can communities attract and retain talent? Attracting and retaining talent requires a focus on quality of life factors such as good schools, affordable housing, recreational opportunities, and a vibrant cultural scene.
5. What is the importance of community engagement in local economic development planning? Engaging the community ensures that plans reflect the needs and priorities of residents, leading to greater buy-in and ultimately, greater success.
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Edward J. Blakely, Nancey Green Leigh, 2010 Since the appearance of the first edition in 1990, Planning Local Economic Development has become the foundation for an entire generation of planners and academics teaching planning. Building on the success of its predecessors, the Fourth Edition continues to explore the theories of local economic development and address the dilemmas communities face. The authors investigate planning processes, analytical techniques, business and human resource development, as well as high-technology economic development strategies. Written by authors with many years of academic, regional, and city planning experience, this book will prove invaluable to professors of economic development, urban studies, and public administration. Economic development specialists in local and municipal government, as well as nonprofit organizations, will also find this an essential reference. New to the Fourth Edition: - Completely revised and updated with current research - Provides more guidance oriented to third world readers - Includes more on issues of urban sustainability such as energy and brown field development - Contains added material on the redesign of neighborhoods for sustainable purposes to include new firms and recycling techniques and technologies as new economic engines |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Edward J. Blakely, 1994-01-11 Explores theories of local economic development that are relevant to dilemmas facing communities today. Focuses on the topics of planning process, analytical techniques, and business and human resource development and high-technology economic development strategies. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Nancey Green Leigh, Edward J. Blakely, 2016-11-23 Written by authors with years of academic, regional, and city planning experience, the classic Planning Local Economic Development has laid the foundation for practitioners and academics working in planning and policy development for generations. With deeper coverage of sustainability and resiliency, the new Sixth Edition explores the theories of local economic development while addressing the issues and opportunities faced by cities, towns, and local entities in crafting their economic destinies within the global economy. Nancey Green Leigh and Edward J. Blakely provide a thoroughly up-to-date exploration of planning processes, analytical techniques and data, and locality, business, and human resource development, as well as advanced technology and sustainable economic development strategies. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Edward James Blakely, 2002 |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Edward J. Blakely, Ted K. Bradshaw, 2002-05-22 Exploring the theories of local economic development that are relevant to dilemmas facing communities today, this third edition expands on issues such as the planning process, analytical techniques and high-technology strategies. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Understanding Local Economic Development Emil Malizia, Edward J. Feser, Henry Renski, Joshua Drucker, 2020-10-05 This book offers insights into the process and the practice of local economic development. Bridging the gap between theory and practice it demonstrates the relevance of theory to inform local strategic planning in the context of widespread disparities in regional economic performance. The book summarizes the core theories of economic development, applies each of these to professional practice, and provides detailed commentary on them. This updated second edition includes more recent contributions - regional innovation, agglomeration and dynamic theories – and presents the major ideas that inform economic development strategic planning, particularly in the United States and Canada. The text offers theoretical insights that help explain why some regions thrive while others languish and why metropolitan economies often rise and fall over time. Without theory, economic developers can only do what is politically feasible. This text, however, provides them with a logical tool for thinking about development and establishing an independent basis from which to build the local consensus needed for evidence-based action undertaken in the public interest. Offering valuable perspectives on both the process and the practice of local and regional economic development, this book will be useful for both current and future economic developers to think more profoundly and confidently about their local economy. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Theories of Local Economic Development James E. Rowe, 2016-12-05 In economic development, theory and practice exist as two seemingly separate realities. Academics strive to develop or refine theory by drawing on abstract concepts about the way people behave and institutions work, while practitioners draw from a stock of experiences. By bringing together leading theorists and practitioners such as Blakely, Blair, McCann, Luger, Gunder, Stough and Stimson, this book provides the first comprehensive overview of local economic development theories for over fifteen years. It explores the theory behind the key concepts that every economic practitioner must understand and in doing so, ties together the various theories from across the disciplines to practice. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Local Economic Development John P. Blair, Michael C. Carroll, 2008-07-03 A comprehensive introduction to the economics of local economic development. The approach is people centered and recognizes contributions from other social sciences. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Fragile Governance and Local Economic Development Sergio Montero, Karen Chapple, 2018-08-17 Much of our understanding of local economic development is based on large urban agglomerations as nodes of innovation and competitive advantage, connecting territories to global value chains. However, this framework cannot so easily be applied to peripheral regions and secondary cities in either the Global South or the North. This book proposes an alternative way of looking at local economic development based on the idea of fragile governance and three variables: associations and networks; learning processes; and leadership and conflict management in six Latin American peripheral regions. The case studies illustrate the challenges of governance in small and intermediate cities in Latin America, and showcase strategies that are being used to achieve a more resilient and territorial vision of local economic development. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of local economic development, urban and regional studies, and political economy in Latin America as well as to policy-makers and practitioners interested in local and regional economic development policy. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Nancey Green Leigh, 2024-11-06 Author Nancey Green Leigh brings years of academic and professional experience to this classic text, which offers a comprehensive look at the basic tenets of local economic development planning. The book explores the theories of local economic development while addressing the issues and opportunities faced by cities, towns, and local entities in crafting their economic destinies within the global economy. The new Seventh Edition is updated with an increased focus on sustainability and equity, including local economic development issues arising from the global COVID-19 pandemic and significant shifts in the global economy. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: The Theory, Practice and Potential of Regional Development Kelly Vodden, David J.A. Douglas, Sean Markey, Sarah Minnes, Bill Reimer, 2019-07-04 Canadian regional development today involves multiple actors operating within nested scales from local to national and even international levels. Recent approaches to making sense of this complexity have drawn on concepts such as multi-level governance, relational assets, integration, innovation, and learning regions. These new regionalist concepts have become increasingly global in their formation and application, yet there has been little critical analysis of Canadian regional development policies and programs or the theories and concepts upon which many contemporary regional development strategies are implicitly based. This volume offers the results of five years of cutting-edge empirical and theoretical analysis of changes in Canadian regional development and the potential of new approaches for improving the well-being of Canadian communities and regions, with an emphasis on rural regions. It situates the Canadian approach within comparative experiences and debates, offering the opportunity for broader lessons to be learnt. This book will be of interest to policy-makers and practitioners across Canada, and in other jurisdictions where lessons from the Canadian experience may be applicable. At the same time, the volume contributes to and updates regional development theories and concepts that are taught in our universities and colleges, and upon which future research and analysis will build. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Social Capital and Local Development Elena Pisani, Giorgio Franceschetti, Laura Secco, Asimina Christoforou, 2017-10-27 This book addresses the role of social capital in promoting rural and local development. The recent financial and economic crises have exposed the European Union (EU) to an increased risk of social exclusion and poverty, which are now at the heart of its economic, employment and social agenda with explicit reference to rural and marginal areas (Europe 2020). The authors' work from the notion that rural development is not imposed from the ‘outside’, but depends also on endogenous factors, namely local cultural and ecological amenities, eco-system services, and economic links with urban areas which expand rural opportunities for innovation, competitiveness, employment and sustainable development. Social capital is of paramount importance because it helps build networks and trusting relations among local stakeholders in the public and private spheres, and supporting the enhancement of governance of natural resources in rural areas |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Local Economic Development Blakely, Edward James Blakely, Nancey Green Leigh, 2013 Since the appearance of the first edition in 1990, Planning Local Economic Development has been the foundation for an entire generation of practitioners and academics working in planning and policy development. Written by authors with years of academic, regional, and city planning experience, the book has been used widely in graduate economic development, urban studies, nonprofit management, and public administration courses. Now thoroughly updated for the challenges of the 21st century and with new coverage of... |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Economic Revitalization Joan Fitzgerald, Nancey Green Leigh, 2002-03-19 Economic Revitalization is unique in that it discusses leading revitalization strategies in the context of both city and suburban settings, offering case studies of program development and implementation. In Economic Revitalization: Cases and Strategies for City and Suburb Fitzgerald and Leigh answer the need for a text that incorporates social justice and sustainability into how we think about and practice economic development. It is one of the first to talk about how revitalization strategies are implemented in both cities and suburbs, particularly inner-ring suburbs that are experiencing decline previously associated only with inner-city neighborhoods. After setting the context with a brief history of economic development practice and its shortcomings, Fitzgerald and Leigh focus on six economic development strategies: sectoral strategies, Brownfield redevelopment, industrial retention, commercial revitalization, industrial and office property reuse, and workforce development. Each of these chapters begins with an overview of the strategy and then presents cases of how it is being implemented. The cases draw from Atlanta, Chicago and its suburbs, Emeryville, Kalamazoo, Louisville, New Haven, Portland, Sandy Springs, and Seattle (and suburban King County). They illustrate the tradeoffs often made in achieving one goal at the expense of another. Although they admit that some of the cases come up short in illustrating a more equitable and sustainable economic development practice, Fitzgerald and Leigh conclude with an optimistic view that the field is changing. The book is aimed at students and practitioners of economic development planning who seek to foster stronger economies and greater opportunity in inner cites and older suburbs. It is also meant to assist planners in thriving new towns and suburban communities seeking to avoid future economic decline as their communities mature. Economic Revitalization: Discusses practice in both suburban and inner-city settings Integrates the planning values of social justice and sustainability into the discussion of implementation strategies Includes cases that reveal the political nature of the planning process and the types of tradeoffs that often must be made Provides insights for planners seeking to adopt best practice programs from other localities |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Theories and Practices of Development Katie Willis, 2005 Throughout the twentieth century, governments sought to achieve 'development' not only in their own countries, but also in other regions of the world; particularly in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. This focus on 'development' as a goal has continued into the twenty-first century, for example through the United Nations Millennium Development Targets. While development is often viewed as something very positive, it is also very important to consider the possible detrimental effects it may have on the natural environment, different social groups and on the cohesion and stability of societies. In this important book, Katie Willis investigates and places in a historical context, the development theories behind contemporary debates such as globalization and transnationalism. The main definitions of 'development' and 'development theory' are outlined with a description and explanation of how approaches have changed over time. The differing explanations of inequalities in development, both spatially and socially, and the reasoning behind different development policies are also considered. By drawing on pre-twentieth century European development theories and examining current policies in Europe and the USA, the book not only stresses commonalities in development theorizing over time and space, but also the importance of context in theory construction. This topical book provides an ideal introduction to development theories for students in geography, development studies, area studies, anthropology and sociology. It contains student-friendly features, including boxed case studies with examples, definitions, summary sections, suggestions for further reading, discussion questions and website information. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Economic Development Finance Karl F Seidman, 2005 Economic Development Finance provides a foundation for students and professionals in the technical aspects of business and real estate finance and surveys the full range of policies, program models, and financing tools used in economic development practice within the United States.--Jacket. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Regional Economic Development Robert J. Stimson, Roger R. Stough, Brian H. Roberts, 2013-03-09 Regional economic development has attracted the interest of economists, geographers, planners and regional scientists for a long time. And, of course, it is a field that has developed a large practitioner cohort in government and business agencies from the national down to the state and local levels. In planning for cities and regions, both large and small, economic development issues now tend to be integrated into strategic planning processes. For at least the last 50 years, scholars from various disciplines have theorised about the nature of regional economic development, developing a range of models seeking to explain the process of regional economic development, and why it is that regions vary so much in their economic structure and performance and how these aspects of a region can change dramatically over time. Regional scientists in particular have developed a comprehensive tool-kit of methodologies to measure and monitor regional economic characteristics such as industry sectors, employment, income, value of production, investment, and the like, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, and focusing on both static and dynamic analysis. The 'father of regional science', Walter lsard, was the first to put together a comprehensive volume on techniques of regional analysis (Isard 1960), and since then a huge literature has emerged, including the many titles in the series published by Springer in which this book is published. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Financing Economic Development in the 21st Century Sammis B. White, Zenia Z. Kotval, 2014-12-18 The fully revised new edition of this textbook presents a well-balanced set of economic development financing tools and techniques focused on our current times of economic austerity. While traditional public sector techniques are evaluated and refocused, this volume emphasizes the role of the private sector and the increasing need to bring together different techniques and sources to create a workable financial development package. The chapters address critical assessments of various methods as well as practical advice on how to implement these techniques. New chapters on entrepreneurship, the changing nature of the community banking system, and the increasing need for partnerships provides critical insights into the ever-evolving practice of economic development finance. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Social Development James Midgley, 2013-11-13 Walking through social development’s key theoretical principles and practice strategies, this book shows how it promotes peoples’ wellbeing not only in the Global South, where it first emerged, but in the Western countries as well. It covers: Definitions and an historical evolution of social development Key theoretical debates around social well-being, human rights and social justice Social development practice such as human capital interventions, community development and cooperatives, asset building, employment creation policies and programmes, microenterprises and social planning among others Future challenges; global poverty, international aid and trade, and global inequality, conflict and injustice. Complete with international examples drawn from around the world, Social Development: Theory and Practice demonstrates how social development theory translates into practical application. This book is essential reading for students in development studies, social policy, public administration and social work, and for policymakers and development practitioners everywhere. James Midgley is the Harry and Riva Specht Professor of Public Social Services at the School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Consumer Services and Economic Development Colin C. Williams, 1997-04-17 Consumer Services have been viewed as parasitic activities, dependent on other sectors of the economy for their viability and vitality. Yet local economic policy is now looking towards consumer services to solve severe economic problems. The rapid expansion of the service sector is now a principal feature of contemporary global economic restructuri |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: The Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning Nancy Brooks, Kieran Donaghy, Gerrit-Jan Knaap, 2012-01-12 This volume embodies a problem-driven and theoretically informed approach to bridging frontier research in urban economics and urban/regional planning. The authors focus on the interface between these two subdisciplines that have historically had an uneasy relationship. Although economists were among the early contributors to the literature on urban planning, many economists have been dismissive of a discipline whose leading scholars frequently favor regulations over market institutions, equity over efficiency, and normative prescriptions over positive analysis. Planners, meanwhile, even as they draw upon economic principles, often view the work of economists as abstract, not sensitive to institutional contexts, and communicated in a formal language spoken by few with decision making authority. Not surprisingly, papers in the leading economic journals rarely cite clearly pertinent papers in planning journals, and vice versa. Despite the historical divergence in perspectives and methods, urban economics and urban planning share an intense interest in many topic areas: the nature of cities, the prosperity of urban economies, the efficient provision of urban services, efficient systems of transportation, and the proper allocation of land between urban and environmental uses. In bridging this gap, the book highlights the best scholarship in planning and economics that address the most pressing urban problems of our day and stimulates further dialog between scholars in urban planning and urban economics. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Urban Renewal, Community and Participation Julie Clark, Nicholas Wise, 2018-05-02 This edited collection investigates the human dimension of urban renewal, using a range of case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, India and North America, to explore how the conception and delivery of regeneration initiatives can strengthen or undermine local communities. Ultimately aiming to understand how urban residents can successfully influence or manage change in their own communities, contributing authors interrogate the complex relationships between policy, planning, economic development, governance systems, history and urban morphology. Alongside more conventional methods, analytical approaches include built form analysis, participant observation, photographic analysis and urban labs. Appealing to upper level undergraduate and masters' students, academics and others involved in urban renewal, the book offers a rich combination of theoretical insight and empirical analysis, contributing to literature on gentrification, the right to the city, and community participation in neighbourhood change. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Local and Regional Development Andy Pike, Andrés Rodriguez-Pose, John Tomaney, Andres Rodriguez-Pose, 2006-11-22 Local and regional development is an increasingly global issue. For localities and regions, the challenge of enhancing prosperity, improving wellbeing and increasing living standards has become acute for localities and regions formerly considered discrete parts of the ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ worlds. Amid concern over the definitions and sustainability of ‘development’, a spectre has emerged of deepened unevenness and sharpened inequalities in the development prospects for particular social groups and territories. Local and Regional Development engages and addresses the key questions: what are the principles and values that shape definitions and strategies of local and regional development? What are the conceptual and theoretical frameworks capable of understanding and interpreting local and regional development? What are the main policy interventions and instruments? How do localities and regions attempt to effect development in practice? What kinds of local and regional development should we be pursuing? This book addresses the fundamental issues of ‘what kind of local and regional development and for whom?’, frameworks of understanding, and instruments and policies. It outlines what a holistic, progressive and sustainable local and regional development might constitute before reflecting on its limits and political renewal. With the growing international importance of local and regional development, this book is an essential student purchase, illustrated throughout with maps, figures and case studies from Asia, Europe, and Central and North America. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Theory and Practice of Dialogical Community Development Peter Westoby, Gerard Dowling, 2013-07-18 This book proposes that community development has been increasingly influenced and co-opted by a modernist, soulless, rational philosophy - reducing it to a shallow technique for ‘solving community problems’. In contrast, this dialogical approach re-maps the ground of community development practice within a frame of ideas such as dialogue, hospitality and depth. For the first time community development practitioners are provided with an accessible understanding of dialogue and its relevance to their practice, exploring the contributions of internationally significant thinkers such as P. Freire, M. Buber, D. Bohm and H.G Gadamer, J. Derrida, G. Esteva and R. Sennett. What makes the book distinctive is that: first, it identifies a dialogical tradition of community development and considers how such a tradition shapes practice within contemporary contexts and concerns – economic, social, political, cultural and ecological. Second, the book contrasts such an approach with technical and instrumental approaches to development that fail to take complex systems seriously. Third, the approach links theory to practice through a combination of storytelling and theory-reflection – ensuring that readers are drawn into a practice-theory that they feel increasingly confident has been 'tried and tested' in the world over the past 25 years. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: An Introduction to Community Development Rhonda Phillips, Robert Pittman, 2014-11-26 Beginning with the foundations of community development, An Introduction to Community Development offers a comprehensive and practical approach to planning for communities. Road-tested in the authors’ own teaching, and through the training they provide for practicing planners, it enables students to begin making connections between academic study and practical know-how from both private and public sector contexts. An Introduction to Community Development shows how planners can utilize local economic interests and integrate finance and marketing considerations into their strategy. Most importantly, the book is strongly focused on outcomes, encouraging students to ask: what is best practice when it comes to planning for communities, and how do we accurately measure the results of planning practice? This newly revised and updated edition includes: increased coverage of sustainability issues, discussion of localism and its relation to community development, quality of life, community well-being and public health considerations, and content on local food systems. Each chapter provides a range of reading materials for the student, supplemented with text boxes, a chapter outline, keywords, and reference lists, and new skills based exercises at the end of each chapter to help students turn their learning into action, making this the most user-friendly text for community development now available. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Community Economics Ron Schaffer, Steven C. Deller, David W. Marcouiller, 2004-04-19 This Complete revision of Dr. Shaffer's classic Community Economics provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of economic structure in small communities and urban neighborhoods of America. Authors Shaffer, Deller, and Marcouiller review the economics of smaller communities with continued emphasis on how to build and achieve theoretically sound community economic development policy. The text also demonstrates how local participation and knowledge can be used to identify problems, form solutions, and maintain community support for long-term goals. The main body of economic research and literature has neglected the economics of smaller communities. Community Economics: Linking Theory and Practice fills that information void. This text serves as a comprehensive guide on smaller, open economies and urban neighborhoods for economists, regional planners, rural sociologists, and geographers. Additionally, Community Economics is an issue-oriented handbook of development strategies for development practitioners, planning and zoning officials, and others involved in the ay-to-day activities of community economic development. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Introduction to Regional Economic Development Mustafa Dinc, 2015-12-18 This is a relatively simple and easy to read introduction of major regional and local economic development theories, their theoretical evolution and other relevant topics such as governance, institutions and local leadership within the globalization context. It also discusses some basic analytical tools and provides a template for them in an easy to use MS Excel spreadsheet application. It introduces conflict management procedures into regional development process and provides a regional decision support framework. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Theories of Local Economic Development Richard D. Bingham, Robert Mier, 1993-08-24 Presenting state-of-the-art theoretical positions on important development issues such as the inner city, technological innovation and rebuilding economic infrastructure are explored in this volume. The contributors to this volume, drawn from various social science backgrounds, explore a variety of theories and examine them in relation to the practical actions of local economic development. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Introduction to Community Development Jerry W. Robinson, Gary Paul Green, 2011 Introduction to Community Development provides students of community and economic development with a theoretical and practical introduction to the field of community development. Bringing together leading scholars in the field of community development, the book follows the curriculum needs in offering a progression from theory to practice, beginning with a theoretical overview, an historical overview, and the various approaches to community development. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Sustainable food planning: evolving theory and practice André Viljoen, Johannes S.C. Wiskerke, 2012-03-30 With over half the world's population now deemed to be urbanised, cities are assuming a larger role in political debates about the security and sustainability of the global food system. Hence, planning for sustainable food production and consumption is becoming an increasingly important issue for planners, policymakers, designers, farmers, suppliers, activists, business and scientists alike. The rapid growth of the food planning movement owes much to the fact that food, because of its unique, multi-functional character, helps to bring people together from all walks of life. In the wider contexts of global climate change, resource depletion, a burgeoning world population, competing food production systems and diet-related public health concerns, new paradigms for urban and regional planning capable of supporting sustainable and equitable food systems are urgently needed. This book addresses this urgent need. By working at a range of scales and with a variety of practical and theoretical models, this book reviews and elaborates definitions of sustainable food systems, and begins to define ways of achieving them. To this end 4 different themes have been defined as entry-points into the discussion of 'sustainable food planning'. These are (1) urban agriculture, (2) integrating health, environment and society, (3) food in urban design and planning and (4) urban food governance. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Women and Gender Equity in Development Theory and Practice Jane S. Jaquette, Gale Summerfield, 2006-03-27 Seeking to catalyze innovative thinking and practice within the field of women and gender in development, editors Jane S. Jaquette and Gale Summerfield have brought together scholars, policymakers, and development workers to reflect on where the field is today and where it is headed. The contributors draw from their experiences and research in Latin America, Asia, and Africa to illuminate the connections between women’s well-being and globalization, environmental conservation, land rights, access to information technology, employment, and poverty alleviation. Highlighting key institutional issues, contributors analyze the two approaches that dominate the field: women in development (WID) and gender and development (GAD). They assess the results of gender mainstreaming, the difficulties that development agencies have translating gender rhetoric into equity in practice, and the conflicts between gender and the reassertion of indigenous cultural identities. Focusing on resource allocation, contributors explore the gendered effects of land privatization, the need to challenge cultural traditions that impede women’s ability to assert their legal rights, and women’s access to bureaucratic levers of power. Several essays consider women’s mobilizations, including a project to provide Internet access and communications strategies to African NGOs run by women. In the final essay, Irene Tinker, one of the field’s founders, reflects on the interactions between policy innovation and women’s organizing over the three decades since women became a focus of development work. Together the contributors bridge theory and practice to point toward productive new strategies for women and gender in development. Contributors. Maruja Barrig, Sylvia Chant, Louise Fortmann, David Hirschmann, Jane S. Jaquette, Diana Lee-Smith, Audrey Lustgarten, Doe Mayer, Faranak Miraftab, Muadi Mukenge, Barbara Pillsbury, Amara Pongsapich, Elisabeth Prügl, Kirk R. Smith, Kathleen Staudt, Gale Summerfield, Irene Tinker, Catalina Hinchey Trujillo |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Urban Planning Theory Since 1945 Nigel Taylor, 1998-06-30 Following the Second World War, modern systems of urban and regional planning were established in Britain and most other developed countries. In this book, Nigel Taylor describes the changes in planning thought which have taken place since then. He outlines the main theories of planning, from the traditional view of urban planning as an exercise in physical design, to the systems and rational process views of planning of the 1960s; from Marxist accounts of the role of planning in capitalist society in the 1970s, to theories about planning implementation, and more recent views of planning as a form of `communicative action'. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Hyperlocal Jennifer S. Vey, Nate Storring, 2022-10-25 An examination of how the (hyper)local is the locus of real change Many of America’s downtowns, waterfronts, and innovation districts have experienced significant revitalization and reinvestment in recent years, but concentrated poverty and racial segregation remain persistent across thousands of urban, suburban, and rural neighborhoods. The coronavirus pandemic magnified this sustained and growing landscape of inequality. Uneven patterns of economic growth and investment require a shift in how communities are governed and managed. This shift must take into account the changing socioeconomic realities of regions and the pressing need to bring inclusive economic growth and prosperity to more people and places. In this context, place-based (“hyperlocal”) governance structures in the United States and around the globe have been both part of the problem and part of the solution. These organizations range from community land trusts to business improvement districts to neighborhood councils. However, very little systematic research has documented the full diversity and evolution of these organizations as part of one interrelated field. Hyperlocal helps fill that gap by describing the challenges and opportunities of “place governance.” The chapters in Hyperlocal explore both the tensions and benefits associated with governing places in an increasingly fragmented—and inequitable—economic landscape. Together they explore the potential of place governance to give stakeholders a structure through which to share ideas, voice concerns, advocate for investments, and co-design strategies with others both inside and outside their place. They also discuss how place governance can serve the interests of some stakeholders over others, in turn exacerbating wealth-based inequities within and across communities. Finally, they highlight innovative financing, organizing, and ownership models for creating and sustaining more effective and inclusive place governance structures. The authors hope to provoke new thinking among place governance practitioners, policymakers, private sector leaders, urban planners, scholars, students, and philanthropists about how, why, and for whom place governance matters. The book also provides guidance on how to improve place governance practice to benefit more people and places. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Handbook of Local and Regional Development Andy Pike, Andres Rodriguez-Pose, John Tomaney, 2010-11-17 The Handbook of Local and Regional Development provides a comprehensive statement and reference point for local and regional development. The scope of this Handbook’s coverage and contributions engages with and reflects upon the politics and policy of how we think about and practise local and regional development, encouraging dialogue across the disciplinary barriers between notions of ‘local and regional development’ in the Global North and ‘development studies’ in the Global South. This Handbook is organized into seven inter-related sections, with an introductory chapter setting out the rationale, aims and structure of the Handbook. Section one situates local and regional development in its global context. Section two establishes the key issues in understanding the principles and values that help us define what is meant by local and regional development. Section three critically reviews the current diversity and variety of conceptual and theoretical approaches to local and regional development. Section four address questions of government and governance. Section five connects critically with the array of contemporary approaches to local and regional development policy. Section six is an explicitly global review of perspectives on local and regional development from Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America. Section seven provides reflection and discussion of the futures for local and regional development in an international and multidisciplinary context. With over forty contributions from leading international scholars in the field, this Handbook provides critical reviews and appraisals of current state-of-the-art conceptual and theoretical approaches and future developments in local and regional development. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Order without Design Alain Bertaud, 2024-08-06 An argument that operational urban planning can be improved by the application of the tools of urban economics to the design of regulations and infrastructure. Urban planning is a craft learned through practice. Planners make rapid decisions that have an immediate impact on the ground—the width of streets, the minimum size of land parcels, the heights of buildings. The language they use to describe their objectives is qualitative—“sustainable,” “livable,” “resilient”—often with no link to measurable outcomes. Urban economics, on the other hand, is a quantitative science, based on theories, models, and empirical evidence largely developed in academic settings. In this book, the eminent urban planner Alain Bertaud argues that applying the theories of urban economics to the practice of urban planning would greatly improve both the productivity of cities and the welfare of urban citizens. Bertaud explains that markets provide the indispensable mechanism for cities’ development. He cites the experience of cities without markets for land or labor in pre-reform China and Russia; this “urban planners’ dream” created inefficiencies and waste. Drawing on five decades of urban planning experience in forty cities around the world, Bertaud links cities’ productivity to the size of their labor markets; argues that the design of infrastructure and markets can complement each other; examines the spatial distribution of land prices and densities; stresses the importance of mobility and affordability; and critiques the land use regulations in a number of cities that aim at redesigning existing cities instead of just trying to alleviate clear negative externalities. Bertaud concludes by describing the new role that joint teams of urban planners and economists could play to improve the way cities are managed. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Tourism and Poverty Reduction Anna Spenceley, Dorothea Meyer, 2017-10-02 Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of publications that have analysed and critiqued the potential of tourism to be a mechanism for poverty reduction in less economically developed countries (LEDCs). This book showcases work by established and emerging researchers that provides new thinking and tests previously made assumptions, providing an essential guide for students, practitioners and academics. This book advances our understanding of the changes and ways forward in the field of sustainable tourism development. Five main themes are illustrated throughout the book: (1) measuring impacts of tourism on poverty; (2) the need to evaluate whether interventions that aim to reduce poverty are effective; (3) how unbalanced power relations and weak governance can undermine efforts; (4) the importance of the private sector’s use of pro-poor business practices; and (5) the value of using multidisciplinary and multi-method research approaches. Furthermore, the book shows that academic research findings can be used practically in destinations, and how practitioners can benefit from sharing their experiences with academic scholars. This book was based on a special issue and various articles from the Journal of Sustainable Tourism. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Economic Development Steven G. Koven, Thomas S. Lyons, 2010 |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Development Theory Jan Nederveen Pieterse, 2010 Written by one of the leading authorities in the field, the Second Edition of this successful book: Situates students in the expanding field of development theory Provides an unrivalled guide to the strengths and weaknesses of competing theoretical approaches Explains key concepts Examines the shifts in theory Offers an agenda for the future In this book, the author brings a huge range of experience and knowledge about the relationship between the economically advanced and the emerging, developing nations. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: Planning Sustainable Cities and Regions Karen Chapple, 2014-09-15 As global warming advances, regions around the world are engaging in revolutionary sustainability planning - but with social equity as an afterthought. California is at the cutting edge of this movement, not only because its regulations actively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also because its pioneering environmental regulation, market innovation, and Left Coast politics show how to blend the three Es of sustainability--environment, economy, and equity. Planning Sustainable Cities and Regions is the first book to explain what this grand experiment tells us about the most just path moving forward for cities and regions across the globe. The book offers chapters about neighbourhoods, the economy, and poverty, using stories from practice to help solve puzzles posed by academic research. Based on the most recent demographic and economic trends, it overturns conventional ideas about how to build more livable places and vibrant economies that offer opportunity to all. This thought-provoking book provides a framework to deal with the new inequities created by the movement for more livable - and expensive - cities, so that our best plans for sustainability are promoting more equitable development as well. This book will appeal to students of urban studies, urban planning and sustainability as well as policymakers, planning practitioners, and sustainability advocates around the world. |
| planning local economic development theory and practice: The Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South Gautam Bhan, Smita Srinivas, Vanessa Watson, 2017-09-11 The Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South offers an edited collection on planning in parts of the world which, more often than not, are unrecognised or unmarked in mainstream planning texts. In doing so, its intention is not to fill a ‘gap’ that leaves this ‘mainstream’ unquestioned but to re-theorise planning from a deep understanding of ‘place’ as well as a commitment to recognise the diverse modes of practice that come within it. The chapters thus take the form not of generalised, ‘universal’ analyses and prescriptions, but instead are critical and located reflections in thinking about how to plan, act and intervene in highly complex city, regional and national contexts. Chapter authors in this Companion are not all planners, or are planners of very different kinds, and this diversity ensures a rich variety of insights, primarily based on cases, to emphasise the complexity of the world in which planning is expected to happen. The book is divided into a framing Introduction followed by five sections: planning and the state; economy and economic actors; new drivers of urban change; landscapes of citizenship; and planning pedagogy. This volume will be of interest to all those wanting to explore the complexities of planning practice and the need for new theories of knowledge from which to draw insight to face the challenges of the 21st century. |
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