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Microbiology: An Evolving Science
Microbiology, the study of microscopic organisms, is far from a static field. It’s a dynamic and rapidly evolving science, constantly reshaping our understanding of life, disease, and the environment. This post delves into the exciting advancements driving this evolution, exploring how microbiology's ever-expanding horizons are impacting healthcare, industry, and our planet. We'll examine groundbreaking techniques, emerging fields, and the future implications of this crucial scientific discipline.
H2: The Technological Revolution in Microbiology
The progress in microbiology is inextricably linked to technological advancements. High-throughput sequencing, for example, has revolutionized our ability to identify and characterize microorganisms at an unprecedented scale. Previously, culturing microbes in a lab was the primary method, limiting our understanding to only those easily grown. Now, metagenomics – the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples – allows us to analyze the vast diversity of microbial communities in various ecosystems without the need for cultivation. This has opened up new avenues for research, enabling scientists to explore previously inaccessible microbial worlds.
#### H3: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and its Impact
NGS technologies have dramatically accelerated the pace of microbial identification and genome sequencing. This allows researchers to rapidly identify pathogens responsible for outbreaks, track the evolution of antibiotic resistance, and discover new microbial species with potentially valuable applications. The cost-effectiveness and speed of NGS have made it a cornerstone of modern microbiology, powering discoveries across various subfields.
#### H3: Advanced Microscopic Techniques
Beyond sequencing, advancements in microscopy have provided unparalleled insights into microbial structure and function. Super-resolution microscopy, for instance, allows visualization of cellular processes at a level of detail previously unimaginable. This increased resolution reveals intricate details of microbial interactions, cellular organization, and pathogenesis, further enriching our understanding of these microscopic life forms.
H2: Emerging Fields Shaping the Future of Microbiology
Microbiology is not just about identifying and characterizing microbes; it's about understanding their roles in complex systems and harnessing their potential for various applications. Several emerging fields are pushing the boundaries of this science:
#### H3: Synthetic Biology and Microbial Engineering
Synthetic biology applies engineering principles to design and construct new biological parts, devices, and systems. In microbiology, this means creating genetically modified microorganisms with enhanced capabilities for various purposes. This includes engineering bacteria to produce biofuels, pharmaceuticals, or bioremediation agents, offering sustainable and innovative solutions to global challenges.
#### H3: Microbiome Research: Understanding the Microbial Ecosystem
The human microbiome, the complex community of microorganisms residing in and on our bodies, is a rapidly growing area of research. Understanding the intricate interactions within the microbiome and its impact on human health is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases, from autoimmune disorders to mental health conditions. Similar research is expanding into the study of plant and soil microbiomes, revealing their importance in agriculture and environmental sustainability.
#### H3: Microbial Forensics
This emerging field applies microbiological techniques to investigate crimes and bioterrorism events. Identifying and tracing the source of pathogens involved in outbreaks or attacks is crucial for effective response and prevention, highlighting the importance of microbiology in ensuring public safety and security.
H2: Microbiology's Impact: Beyond the Lab
The applications of microbiology extend far beyond the laboratory. This evolving science significantly influences:
#### H3: Healthcare: Combating Infectious Diseases
Microbiology is central to combating infectious diseases. The discovery and development of new antibiotics, vaccines, and diagnostic tools rely heavily on microbiological research. The ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance, a significant global health threat, is driving innovation in antimicrobial discovery and strategies to combat the spread of resistant strains.
#### H3: Agriculture and Food Production: Sustainable Solutions
Microorganisms play crucial roles in agriculture, contributing to soil health, nutrient cycling, and plant growth. Understanding these microbial communities allows for the development of sustainable agricultural practices, reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Moreover, microbiology contributes to food safety and preservation through techniques like fermentation and the development of probiotics.
#### H3: Environmental Science: Addressing Global Challenges
Microbes play a fundamental role in various biogeochemical cycles, influencing climate change, pollution remediation, and resource management. Microbiological research is essential for developing strategies to address global challenges like climate change, pollution control, and waste management, offering sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.
Conclusion
Microbiology is a constantly evolving science, driven by technological advancements and a growing understanding of the crucial role microorganisms play in all aspects of life. From combating infectious diseases to developing sustainable solutions for global challenges, microbiology's impact is profound and far-reaching. As research continues, the potential for further breakthroughs and innovations in this field remains immense, promising a healthier planet and a brighter future for humankind.
FAQs
1. What are the ethical considerations in using synthetic biology in microbiology? The ethical implications of genetically modifying microorganisms, including potential risks to the environment and human health, require careful consideration and robust regulatory frameworks.
2. How is microbiology contributing to personalized medicine? Understanding the individual's microbiome allows for tailored treatments and preventative measures, leading to personalized approaches to healthcare.
3. What are the limitations of current metagenomic techniques? While powerful, metagenomics struggles with analyzing complex microbial communities and accurately quantifying the abundance of different species.
4. What is the role of artificial intelligence in advancing microbiology? AI and machine learning are increasingly used for analyzing large datasets, accelerating microbial identification, predicting antibiotic resistance, and improving diagnostic capabilities.
5. How can I contribute to the field of microbiology? Pursuing education in microbiology, engaging in citizen science projects, and supporting research initiatives are all ways to contribute to this vital field.
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology Slonczewski, Joan L., Foster, John W., Foster, Erik, 2020-01-08 Striking a perfect balance, the Fifth Edition helps instructors convey exciting research in this rapidly evolving field while also motivating students to learn the fundamentals amid an overwhelming amount of information. Engaging examples, abundant eye-catching figures, updated genetics and genomics content by new coauthor Erik Zinser, an updated Smartwork5 course, and new active learning resources provide flexible options for high-quality assessment in and outside of class. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology Joan L. Slonczewski, John Watkins Foster, 2017 Microbiology: An Evolving Science?provides clear, accessible explanations, smart pedagogy and stunning art with a contemporary framework that emphasises the field's cutting-edge research. With the fourth edition, the book's value as a superior learning tool is enhanced by two new themes--the gut microbiome and Antarctic microbiology--tightened chapters and a new online homework course. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology: An Evolving Science Slonczewski, Joan L, Foster, John W, 2013-10-01 Extensive new research examples are used to integrate foundational topics with cutting-edge coverage of microbial evolution, genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology. Microbiology: An Evolving Science is now more student-friendly, with an authoritative and readable text, a comprehensively updated art program, and an innovative media package. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology Joan L. Slonczewski, Erik R. Zinser, John W. Foster, 2020-01-17 Striking a perfect balance, the Fifth Edition helps instructors convey exciting research in this rapidly evolving field while also motivating students to learn the fundamentals amid an overwhelming amount of information. Engaging examples, abundant eye-catching figures, updated genetics and genomics content by new coauthor Erik Zinser, an updated Smartwork5 course, and new active learning resources provide flexible options for high-quality assessment in and outside of class. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski, 2017-07-03 The most current and visually engaging introduction to general microbiology. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology John W. Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L. Slonczewski, 2021-01-04 This is a nonmajors, introductory microbiology book aimed at prospective medical and laboratory professionals. The Human Experience takes a case history approach to teaching microbiology, giving students the context for the microbiology they will need in their careers. New content-including substantial coverage of recent disease outbreaks (COVID-19 and others), updated IMPACT applications, and integrated patient-centered case histories-drive each chapter's narrative, keeping students' interest while ensuring that they learn the important underlying microbiology concepts. The Second Edition's highly readable text has been thoughtfully streamlined to deliver the foundational microbiology concepts students will need to know as medical and laboratory professionals via clear explanations they will understand-- |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbial Forensics Bruce Budowle, Steven E. Schutzer, Roger G. Breeze, Paul S. Keim, Stephen A. Morse, 2010-10-27 Microbial Forensics is a rapidly evolving scientific discipline. In the last decade, and particularly due to the anthrax letter attacks in the United States, microbial forensics has become more formalized and has played an increasingly greater role in crime investigations. This has brought renewed interest, development and application of new technologies, and new rules of forensic and policy engagement. It has many applications ranging from biodefense, criminal investigations, providing intelligence information, making society more secure, and helping protect precious resources, particularly human life. A combination of diverse areas is investigated, including the major disciplines of biology, microbiology, medicine, chemistry, physics, statistics, population genetics, and computer science. Microbial Forensics, Second Edition is fully revised and updated and serves as a complete reference of the discipline. It describes the advances, as well as the challenges and opportunities ahead, and will be integral in applying science to help solve future biocrimes. - A collection of microbiology, virology, toxicology and mycology as it relates to forensics, in one reference - New and expanded content to include statistical analysis of forensic data and legal admissibility and the standards of evidence, to name a few - Includes research information and application of that research to crime scene analysis, which will allow practitioners to understand and apply the knowledge to their practice with ease |
| microbiology evolving science: Microcosmos Lynn Margulis, Dorion Sagan, 2023-04-28 Microcosmos is nothing less than the saga of the life of the planet. Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan have put it all together, literally, in this extraordinary book, which is unlike any treatment of evolution for a general readership that I have encountered before. A fascinating account that we humans should be studying now for clues to our own survival.—From the Foreword by Dr. Lewis Thomas Microcosmos brings together the remarkable discoveries of microbiology in the later decades of the 20th century and the pioneering research of Dr. Margulis to create a vivid new picture of the world that is crucial to our understanding of the future of the planet. Addressed to general readers, the book provides a beautifully written view of evolution as a process based on interdependency and their interconnectedness of all life on the planet. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbial Evolution Howard Ochman, 2016 Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture through horizontal DNA transfer and other mechanisms. Consequently, it can be difficult to define individual species and determine how they are related. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines how bacteria and other microbes evolve, focusing on insights from genomics-based studies. Contributors discuss the origins of new microbial populations, the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that keep species separate once they have diverged, and the challenges of constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect their relationships. They describe the organization of microbial genomes, the various mutations that occur, including the birth of new genes de novo and by duplication, and how natural selection acts on those changes. The role of horizontal gene transfer as a strong driver of microbial evolution is emphasized throughout. The authors also explore the geologic evidence for early microbial evolution and describe the use of microbial evolution experiments to examine phenomena like natural selection. This volume will thus be essential reading for all microbial ecologists, population geneticists, and evolutionary biologists. |
| microbiology evolving science: Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry Eldor Paul, 2014-11-14 The fourth edition of Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry updates this widely used reference as the study and understanding of soil biota, their function, and the dynamics of soil organic matter has been revolutionized by molecular and instrumental techniques, and information technology. Knowledge of soil microbiology, ecology and biochemistry is central to our understanding of organisms and their processes and interactions with their environment. In a time of great global change and increased emphasis on biodiversity and food security, soil microbiology and ecology has become an increasingly important topic. Revised by a group of world-renowned authors in many institutions and disciplines, this work relates the breakthroughs in knowledge in this important field to its history as well as future applications. The new edition provides readable, practical, impactful information for its many applied and fundamental disciplines. Professionals turn to this text as a reference for fundamental knowledge in their field or to inform management practices. - New section on Methods in Studying Soil Organic Matter Formation and Nutrient Dynamics to balance the two successful chapters on microbial and physiological methodology - Includes expanded information on soil interactions with organisms involved in human and plant disease - Improved readability and integration for an ever-widening audience in his field - Integrated concepts related to soil biota, diversity, and function allow readers in multiple disciplines to understand the complex soil biota and their function |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application Michael J. Leboffe, Burton E. Pierce, 2015-01-01 Designed for major and non-major students taking an introductory level microbiology lab course. Whether your course caters to pre-health professional students, microbiology majors or pre-med students, everything they need for a thorough introduction to the subject of microbiology is right here. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbes and Evolution Roberto Kolter, Stanley R. Maloy, 2012 Explore the fundamental role of microbes in the natural history of our planet with 40 first-person essays written by microbiologists with a passion for evolutionary biology, whose thinking and career paths in science were influenced by Darwin's seminal work On the Origin of Species. |
| microbiology evolving science: Genesis Jan Sapp, 2003-09-11 Genesis: The Evolution of Biology presents a history of the past two centuries of biology, suitable for use in courses, but of interest more broadly to evolutionary biologists, geneticists, and biomedical scientists, as well as general readers interested in the history of science. The book covers the early evolutionary biologists-Lamarck, Cuvier, Darwin and Wallace through Mayr and the neodarwinian synthesis, in much the same way as other histories of evolution have done, bringing in also the social implications, the struggles with our religious understanding, and the interweaving of genetics into evolutionary theory. What is novel about Sapp's account is a real integration of the cytological tradition, from Schwann, Boveri, and the other early cell biologists and embryologists, and the coverage of symbiosis, microbial evolutionary phylogenies, and the new understanding of the diversification of life coming from comparative analyses of complete microbial genomes. The book is a history of theories about evolution, genes and organisms from Lamarck and Darwin to the present day. This is the first book on the general history of evolutionary biology to include the history of research and theories about symbiosis in evolution, and first to include research on microbial evolution which were excluded from the classical neo-Darwinian synthesis. Bacterial evolution, and symbiosis in evolution are also excluded from virtually every book on the history of biology. |
| microbiology evolving science: A Door Into Ocean Joan Slonczewski, 2000-10-13 Joan Slonczewski's A Door into Ocean is the novel upon which the author's reputation as an important SF writer principally rests. A ground-breaking work both of feminist SF and of world-building hard SF, it concerns the Sharers of Shora, a nation of women on a distant moon in the far future who are pacifists, highly advanced in biological sciences, and who reproduce by parthenogenesis--there are no males--and tells of the conflicts that erupt when a neighboring civilization decides to develop their ocean world, and send in an army. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied. |
| microbiology evolving science: Cultural Evolution Peter J. Richerson, Morten H. Christiansen, 2013-11-01 Leading scholars report on current research that demonstrates the central role of cultural evolution in explaining human behavior. Over the past few decades, a growing body of research has emerged from a variety of disciplines to highlight the importance of cultural evolution in understanding human behavior. Wider application of these insights, however, has been hampered by traditional disciplinary boundaries. To remedy this, in this volume leading researchers from theoretical biology, developmental and cognitive psychology, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, religious studies, history, and economics come together to explore the central role of cultural evolution in different aspects of human endeavor. The contributors take as their guiding principle the idea that cultural evolution can provide an important integrating function across the various disciplines of the human sciences, as organic evolution does for biology. The benefits of adopting a cultural evolutionary perspective are demonstrated by contributions on social systems, technology, language, and religion. Topics covered include enforcement of norms in human groups, the neuroscience of technology, language diversity, and prosociality and religion. The contributors evaluate current research on cultural evolution and consider its broader theoretical and practical implications, synthesizing past and ongoing work and sketching a roadmap for future cross-disciplinary efforts. Contributors Quentin D. Atkinson, Andrea Baronchelli, Robert Boyd, Briggs Buchanan, Joseph Bulbulia, Morten H. Christiansen, Emma Cohen, William Croft, Michael Cysouw, Dan Dediu, Nicholas Evans, Emma Flynn, Pieter François, Simon Garrod, Armin W. Geertz, Herbert Gintis, Russell D. Gray, Simon J. Greenhill, Daniel B. M. Haun, Joseph Henrich, Daniel J. Hruschka, Marco A. Janssen, Fiona M. Jordan, Anne Kandler, James A. Kitts, Kevin N. Laland, Laurent Lehmann, Stephen C. Levinson, Elena Lieven, Sarah Mathew, Robert N. McCauley, Alex Mesoudi, Ara Norenzayan, Harriet Over, Jürgen Renn, Victoria Reyes-García, Peter J. Richerson, Stephen Shennan, Edward G. Slingerland, Dietrich Stout, Claudio Tennie, Peter Turchin, Carel van Schaik, Matthijs Van Veelen, Harvey Whitehouse, Thomas Widlok, Polly Wiessner, David Sloan Wilson |
| microbiology evolving science: Genetics: A Conceptual Approach Malcolm Kripke, 2020-09-08 The branch of biology which deals with the study of genetic variation, genes and heredity in organisms is known as genetics. The primary principles of genetics are trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes. It is also involved in the study of the function and behavior of genes. Genetics studies the gene structure, function, variation and distribution in various contexts such as the cell, organism and population. Some of the major sub-fields within this discipline are epigenetics and population genetics. It examines the genetic processes that work with an organism's environment and experiences in order to influence its development and behavior. This textbook presents the complex subject of genetics in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in this field. For all those who are interested in genetics, this book can prove to be an essential guide. |
| microbiology evolving science: Zombie Science Jonathan Wells, 2017-03-27 The author presents arguments against the current prevailing evolutionary theories. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology Slonczewski, 2010-12-15 |
| microbiology evolving science: General Microbiology Hans G. Schlegel, C. Zaborosch, 1993-07-08 This revised, up-dated and expanded edition of Professor Schlegel's well-established textbook provides an excellent introduction to microbiology for a wide range of undergraduate students. |
| microbiology evolving science: Philosophy of Microbiology Maureen O'Malley, 2014-08-28 Filling a major gap in the philosophy of biology by examining central philosophical issues in microbiology, this book is aimed at philosophers and scientists who wish to gain insight into the basic philosophical issues of microbiology. Topics are drawn from evolutionary microbiology, microbial ecology, and microbial classification. |
| microbiology evolving science: The Origins of Sociable Life: Evolution After Science Studies M. Hird, 2009-05-29 This ambitious book considers social scientific topics such as identity, community, sexual difference, self, and ecology from a microbial perspective. Harnessing research and evidence from earth systems science and microbiology, and particularly focusing on symbiosis and symbiogenesis, the book argues for the development of a microontology of life. |
| microbiology evolving science: The Vital Question Nick Lane, 2015-04-23 Why is life the way it is? Bacteria evolved into complex life just once in four billion years of life on earth-and all complex life shares many strange properties, from sex to ageing and death. If life evolved on other planets, would it be the same or completely different? In The Vital Question, Nick Lane radically reframes evolutionary history, putting forward a cogent solution to conundrums that have troubled scientists for decades. The answer, he argues, lies in energy: how all life on Earth lives off a voltage with the strength of a bolt of lightning. In unravelling these scientific enigmas, making sense of life's quirks, Lane's explanation provides a solution to life's vital questions: why are we as we are, and why are we here at all? This is ground-breaking science in an accessible form, in the tradition of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene, and Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Third Edition) Joan L. Slonczewski, John W. Foster, 2013-10-31 The most contemporary microbiology textbook is also the most accessible. Extensive new research examples are used to integrate foundational topics with cutting-edge coverage of microbial evolution, genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology. Microbiology: An Evolving Science is now more student-friendly, with an authoritative and readable text, a comprehensively updated art program, and an innovative media package. |
| microbiology evolving science: The New Science of Metagenomics National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications, 2007-06-24 Although we can't usually see them, microbes are essential for every part of human life-indeed all life on Earth. The emerging field of metagenomics offers a new way of exploring the microbial world that will transform modern microbiology and lead to practical applications in medicine, agriculture, alternative energy, environmental remediation, and many others areas. Metagenomics allows researchers to look at the genomes of all of the microbes in an environment at once, providing a meta view of the whole microbial community and the complex interactions within it. It's a quantum leap beyond traditional research techniques that rely on studying-one at a time-the few microbes that can be grown in the laboratory. At the request of the National Science Foundation, five Institutes of the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council organized a committee to address the current state of metagenomics and identify obstacles current researchers are facing in order to determine how to best support the field and encourage its success. The New Science of Metagenomics recommends the establishment of a Global Metagenomics Initiative comprising a small number of large-scale metagenomics projects as well as many medium- and small-scale projects to advance the technology and develop the standard practices needed to advance the field. The report also addresses database needs, methodological challenges, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting this new field. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiome Under Changing Climate Ajay Kumar, Joginder Singh Panwar, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, 2022-01-21 Microbiome Under Changing Climate: Implications and Solutions presents the latest biotechnological interventions for the judicious use of microbes to ensure optimal agricultural yield. Summarizing aspects of vulnerability, adaptation and amelioration of climate impact, this book provides an important resource for understanding microbes, plants and soil in pursuit of sustainable agriculture and improved food security. It emphasizes the interaction between climate and soil microbes and their potential role in promoting advanced sustainable agricultural solutions, focusing on current research designed to use beneficial microbes such as plant growth promoting microorganisms, fungi, endophytic microbes, and more. Changes in climatic conditions influence all factors of the agricultural ecosystem, including adversely impacting yield both in terms of quantity and nutritional quality. In order to develop resilience against climatic changes, it is increasingly important to understand the effect on the native micro-flora, including the distribution of methanogens and methanotrophs, nutrient content and microbial biomass, among others. - Demonstrates the impact of climate change on secondary metabolites of plants and potential responses - Incorporates insights on microflora of inhabitant soil - Explores mitigation processes and their modulation by sustainable methods - Highlights the role of microbial technologies in agricultural sustainability |
| microbiology evolving science: On the Prowl Mark Hallett, John M. Harris, 2020-06-02 Big cats such as lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars fascinate us like few other creatures. They are enduring symbols of natural majesty and power. Yet despite the magnetic appeal of the big cats, their origins and evolutionary history remain poorly understood—and human activity threatens to put an end to the big cats’ glory. On the Prowl is a fully illustrated and approachable guide to the evolution of the big cats and what it portends for their conservation today. Mark Hallett and John M. Harris trace the origins of these iconic carnivores, venturing down the evolutionary pathways that produced the diversity of big cat species that have walked the earth. They place the evolution and paleobiology of these species in the context of ancient ecosystems and climates, explaining what made big cats such efficient predators and analyzing their competition with other animals. Hallett and Harris pay close attention to human impact, from the evidence of cave paintings and analysis of ancient extinctions up to present-day crises. Their engaging and carefully documented account is brought to life through Hallett’s detailed, vivid illustrations, based on the most recent research by leading paleontologists. Offering a fresh look at the rise of these majestic animals, On the Prowl also makes a powerful case for renewed efforts to protect big cats and their habitats before it is too late. |
| microbiology evolving science: Undeniable Bill Nye, 2014-11-04 The popular scientist explains the marvels and mysteries of evolution in this “fun to read and easy to absorb” New York Times bestseller (The Washington Post). Evolution is one of the most powerful and important ideas ever developed in the history of science. Every question it raises leads to new answers, new discoveries, and new smarter questions. The science of evolution is as expansive as nature itself. It is also the most meaningful creation story that humans have ever found.—Bill Nye Sparked by a controversial debate in February 2014, Bill Nye has set off on an energetic campaign to spread awareness of evolution and the powerful way it shapes our lives. In Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation, he explains why race does not really exist; evaluates the true promise and peril of genetically modified food; reveals how new species are born in a dog kennel and in a London subway; takes a stroll through 4.5 billion years of time; and explores the new search for alien life, including aliens right here on Earth. With infectious enthusiasm, Bill Nye shows that evolution is much more than a rebuttal to creationism; it is an essential way to understand how nature works—and to change the world. It might also help you get a date on a Saturday night. “Mr. Nye writes briskly and accessibly [and] makes an eloquent case for evolution.” —The Wall Street Journal “Nye, known for delivering geeky intel with clarity and charm, takes on one of society’s most hotly debated topics (yes, still).” —Time Out New York |
| microbiology evolving science: Biology for a Changing World Michele Shuster, Janet Vigna, Gunjan Sinha, Matthew Tontonoz, 2014-03-07 From the groundbreaking partnership of W. H. Freeman and Scientific American comes this one-of-a-kind introduction to the science of biology and its impact on the way we live. In Biology for a Changing World, two experienced educators and a science journalist explore the core ideas of biology through a series of chapters written and illustrated in the style of a Scientific American article. Chapters don’t just feature compelling stories of real people—each chapter is a newsworthy story that serves as a context for covering the standard curriculum for the non-majors biology course. Updated throughout, the new edition offers new stories, additional physiology chapters, a new electronic Instructor's Guide, and new pedagogy. |
| microbiology evolving science: Biology's First Law Daniel W. McShea, Robert N. Brandon, 2010-07-15 Life on earth is characterized by three striking phenomena that demand explanation: adaptation—the marvelous fit between organism and environment; diversity—the great variety of organisms; and complexity—the enormous intricacy of their internal structure. Natural selection explains adaptation. But what explains diversity and complexity? Daniel W. McShea and Robert N. Brandon argue that there exists in evolution a spontaneous tendency toward increased diversity and complexity, one that acts whether natural selection is present or not. They call this tendency a biological law—the Zero-Force Evolutionary Law, or ZFEL. This law unifies the principles and data of biology under a single framework and invites a reconceptualization of the field of the same sort that Newton’s First Law brought to physics. Biology’s First Law shows how the ZFEL can be applied to the study of diversity and complexity and examines its wider implications for biology. Intended for evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, and other scientists studying complex systems, and written in a concise and engaging format that speaks to students and interdisciplinary practitioners alike, this book will also find an appreciative audience in the philosophy of science. |
| microbiology evolving science: Viruses Michael G. Cordingley, 2017-06-19 While viruses—the world’s most abundant biological entities—are not technically alive, they invade, replicate, and evolve within living cells. Michael Cordingley goes beyond our familiarity with infections to show how viruses spur evolutionary change in their hosts and shape global ecosystems, from ocean photosynthesis to drug-resistant bacteria. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbial Physiology Albert G. Moat, John W. Foster, Michael P. Spector, 2003-03-31 The Fourth Edition of Microbial Physiology retains the logical, easy-to-follow organization of the previous editions. An introduction to cell structure and synthesis of cell components is provided, followed by detailed discussions of genetics, metabolism, growth, and regulation for anyone wishing to understand the mechanisms underlying cell survival and growth. This comprehensive reference approaches the subject from a modern molecular genetic perspective, incorporating new insights gained from various genome projects. |
| microbiology evolving science: The Chemistry of Evolution R.J.P Williams, J.J.R Fraústo da Silva, 2005-11-29 Conventionally, evolution has always been described in terms of species. The Chemistry of Evolution takes a novel, not to say revolutionary, approach and examines the evolution of chemicals and the use and degradation of energy, coupled to the environment, as the drive behind it. The authors address the major changes of life from bacteria to man in a systematic and unavoidable sequence, reclassifying organisms as chemotypes. Written by the authors of the bestseller The Biological Chemistry of the Elements - The Inorganic Chemistry of Life (Oxford University Press, 1991), the clarity and precision of The Chemistry of Evolution plainly demonstrate that life is totally interactive with the environment. This exciting theory makes this work an essential addition to the academic and public library.* Provides a novel analysis of evolution in chemical terms* Stresses Systems Biology * Examines the connection between life and the environment, starting with the 'big bang' theory* Reorientates the chemistry of life by emphasising the need to analyse the functions of 20 chemical elements in all organisms |
| microbiology evolving science: Metagenomics for Microbiology Jacques Izard, Maria Rivera, 2014-11-07 Concisely discussing the application of high throughput analysis to move forward our understanding of microbial principles, Metagenomics for Microbiology provides a solid base for the design and analysis of omics studies for the characterization of microbial consortia. The intended audience includes clinical and environmental microbiologists, molecular biologists, infectious disease experts, statisticians, biostatisticians, and public health scientists. This book focuses on the technological underpinnings of metagenomic approaches and their conceptual and practical applications. With the next-generation genomic sequencing revolution increasingly permitting researchers to decipher the coding information of the microbes living with us, we now have a unique capacity to compare multiple sites within individuals and at higher resolution and greater throughput than hitherto possible. The recent articulation of this paradigm points to unique possibilities for investigation of our dynamic relationship with these cellular communities, and excitingly the probing of their therapeutic potential in disease prevention or treatment of the future. - Expertly describes the latest metagenomic methodologies and best-practices, from sample collection to data analysis for taxonomic, whole shotgun metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic studies - Includes clear-headed pointers and quick starts to direct research efforts and increase study efficacy, eschewing ponderous prose - Presented topics include sample collection and preparation, data generation and quality control, third generation sequencing, advances in computational analyses of shotgun metagenomic sequence data, taxonomic profiling of shotgun data, hypothesis testing, and mathematical and computational analysis of longitudinal data and time series. Past-examples and prospects are provided to contextualize the applications. |
| microbiology evolving science: Manual of Environmental Microbiology Cindy H. Nakatsu, Robert V. Miller, Suresh D. Pillai, 2020-08-11 The single most comprehensive resource for environmental microbiology Environmental microbiology, the study of the roles that microbes play in all planetary environments, is one of the most important areas of scientific research. The Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of this critical and growing field. Thoroughly updated and revised, the Manual is the definitive reference for information on microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. Written in accessible, clear prose, the manual covers four broad areas: general methodologies, environmental public health microbiology, microbial ecology, and biodegradation and biotransformation. This wealth of information is divided into 18 sections each containing chapters written by acknowledged topical experts from the international community. Specifically, this new edition of the Manual Contains completely new sections covering microbial risk assessment, quality control, and microbial source tracking Incorporates a summary of the latest methodologies used to study microorganisms in various environments Synthesizes the latest information on the assessment of microbial presence and microbial activity in natural and artificial environments The Manual of Environmental Microbiology is an essential reference for environmental microbiologists, microbial ecologists, and environmental engineers, as well as those interested in human diseases, water and wastewater treatment, and biotechnology. |
| microbiology evolving science: Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases Michel Tibayrenc, 2024-07-19 Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases, Third Edition discusses the evolving field of infectious diseases and their continued impact on the health of populations, especially in resource-limited areas of the world where they must confront the dual burden of death and disability due to infectious and chronic illnesses. Although substantial gains have been made in public health interventions for the treatment, prevention, and control of infectious diseases, in recent decades the world has witnessed the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing antimicrobial resistance, and the emergence of many new bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pathogens. Fully updated and revised, this new edition presents the consequences of such diseases, the evolution of infectious diseases, the genetics of host-pathogen relationship, and the control and prevention strategies that are, or can be, developed. This book offers valuable information to biomedical researchers, clinicians, public health practitioners, decisions-makers, and students and postgraduates studying infectious diseases, microbiology, medicine, and public health that is relevant to the control and prevention of neglected and emerging worldwide diseases. - Takes an integrated approach to infectious diseases - Provides the latest developments in the field of infectious diseases - Focuses on the contribution of evolutionary and genomic studies for the study and control of transmissible diseases - Includes updated and revised contributions from leading authorities, along with six new chapters |
| microbiology evolving science: Fundamentals of Microbiome Science Angela E. Douglas, 2021-06-08 This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. Resident microbes in healthy animals--including humans--can dictate many traits of the animal host. This animal microbiome is a second immune system conferring protection against pathogens; it can structure host metabolism in animals as diverse as reef corals and hibernating mammals; and it may influence animal behavior, from social recognition to emotional states. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet, and have contributed to animal diversification over long evolutionary timescales--Publisher by publisher. |
| microbiology evolving science: Microbiology Nina Parker, OpenStax, Mark Schneegurt, AnhHue Thi Tu, Brian M. Forster, Philip Lister, 2016-05-30 Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.--BC Campus website. |
| microbiology evolving science: The New Microbiology Pascale Cossart, 2020-07-10 Microbiology has undergone radical changes over the past few decades, ushering in an exciting new era in science. In The New Microbiology, Pascale Cossart tells a splendid story about the revolution in microbiology, especially in bacteriology. This story has wide-ranging implications for human health and medicine, agriculture, environmental science, and our understanding of evolution. The revolution results from the powerful tools of molecular and cellular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, which have yielded amazing discoveries, from entire genome sequences to video of bacteria invading host cells. This book is for both scientists and especially nonscientists who would like to learn more about the extraordinary world of bacteria. Dr. Cossart's overview of the field of microbiology research, from infectious disease history to the ongoing scientific revolution resulting from CRISPR technologies, is presented in four parts. New concepts in microbiology introduces the world of bacteria and some recent discoveries about how they live, such as the role of regulatory RNAs including riboswitches, the CRISPR defense system, and resistance to antibiotics. Sociomicrobiology: the social lives of bacteria helps us see the new paradigm by which scientists view bacteria as highly social creatures that communicate in many ways, for example in the assemblies that reside in our intestine or in the environment. The biology of infections reviews some of history's worst epidemics and describes current and emerging infectious diseases, the organisms that cause them, and how they produce an infection. Bacteria as tools introduces us to molecules derived from microbes that scientists have harnessed in the service of research and medicine, including the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology. The New Microbiology takes us on a journey through a remarkable revolution in science that is occurring here and now. |
| microbiology evolving science: Marine Microbiology Colin B. Munn, 2019-11-26 The third edition of this bestselling text has been rigorously updated to reflect major new discoveries and concepts since 2011, especially progress due to extensive application of high-throughput sequencing, single cell genomics and analysis of large datasets. Significant advances in understanding the diversity and evolution of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses are discussed and their importance in marine processes is explored in detail. Now in full colour throughout, all chapters have been significantly expanded, with many new diagrams, illustrations and boxes to aid students’ interest and understanding. Novel pedagogy is designed to encourage students to explore current high-profile research topics. Examples include the impacts of rising CO2 levels on microbial community structure and ocean processes, interactions of microbes with plastic pollution, symbiotic interactions, and emerging diseases of marine life. This is the only textbook addressing such a broad range of topics in the specific area of marine microbiology, now a core topic within broader Marine Science degrees. A Companion Website provides additional online resources for instructors and students, including a summary of key concepts and terminology for each chapter, links to further resources, and flashcards to aid self-assessment. |
| microbiology evolving science: CRISPR Yolanda Ridge, 2020-09-08 We can change the world with gene editing—but should we? CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. If it sounds complicated, it is—but it’s also one of the most powerful ways we can shape the future. And it’s poised to completely upend the way we think about science. Author Yolanda Ridge tackles this topic in a friendly and accessible tone, with two introductory chapters covering the basics of DNA and gene editing before taking readers through the ways that this ground-breaking science could affect them by potentially: • eliminating diseases like malaria and cancer, • improving the stability of our food supply, and • helping to manage conservation efforts for threatened animals and environments. But all of these possible advancements come with risks, the biggest being that the consequences are unknown. Chapters end with “Stop, Go, Yield” sections encouraging readers to consider the pros and cons of using CRISPR. “Cutting Questions” give readers the opportunity to further reflect on the ethics of the science. CRISPR is a game changer. This important book, with detailed scientific illustrations, brings much needed clarity to a topic that will affect readers for generations to come. *A Junior Library Guild Gold Standard Selection |
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FORENSIC MICROBIOLOGY
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Microbiology An Evolving Science Viruses Michael G. Cordingley 2017-06-19 While viruses—the world’s most abundant biological entities—are not technically alive, they invade, replicate, and evolve within living cells. Michael Cordingley goes beyond our familiarity with infections to show how viruses spur evolutionary change
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