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# Medieval and Early Modern Times: A Journey Through History
Are you fascinated by the clash of swords, the rise of powerful empires, and the dawn of scientific revolution? Then prepare for a captivating journey through the medieval and early modern times, a period spanning centuries of dramatic change and enduring legacy. This comprehensive guide will dissect the key features, major events, and significant impacts of this transformative era, providing a detailed overview that will leave you with a richer understanding of our shared history. We’ll explore everything from the structure of medieval society to the groundbreaking discoveries that ushered in the modern world. Get ready to delve into a period that shaped the world we know today.
The Medieval Period: From the Fall of Rome to the Renaissance
The medieval period, often referred to as the Middle Ages, stretches roughly from the 5th to the 15th centuries. It’s a period frequently misunderstood, often portrayed as a "dark age," a simplistic label that fails to capture its complexity and dynamism.
Feudalism: The Backbone of Medieval Society
The socio-political system of feudalism dominated much of the medieval landscape. This hierarchical structure saw power decentralized, with kings granting land (fiefs) to nobles in exchange for military service and loyalty. These nobles, in turn, granted land to knights, creating a complex web of obligations and allegiances. Serfs, the lowest rung of the social ladder, worked the land in exchange for protection and a share of the harvest. This system, though rigid, provided a framework for social order in a fragmented Europe.
The Church's Influence: Faith and Power
The Catholic Church held immense power during the medieval period, influencing not only spiritual life but also political and social affairs. The Church was a significant landowner, controlled education, and played a critical role in resolving disputes. Monasteries served as centers of learning and preservation of knowledge, while the papacy often clashed with secular rulers, vying for ultimate authority. The Crusades, a series of religious wars, highlight the Church's considerable political influence and its impact on global interactions.
The Black Death: A World-Altering Catastrophe
The Black Death, a devastating bubonic plague pandemic, swept through Europe in the mid-14th century, altering the course of history. It decimated the population, causing widespread social, economic, and political upheaval. The plague’s impact is still studied today, demonstrating the vulnerability of even the most robust societies to infectious disease.
The Early Modern Period: Renaissance, Reformation, and Revolution
The early modern period, generally spanning the 15th to the 18th centuries, marks a significant transition from the medieval world. It's characterized by rapid changes in politics, religion, science, and culture.
The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Classical Learning
The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth," witnessed a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman art, literature, and philosophy. This intellectual and artistic flourishing challenged medieval scholasticism and laid the groundwork for future scientific advancements. Master artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael redefined artistic expression, producing works that continue to inspire awe.
The Protestant Reformation: A Challenge to Papal Authority
The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, shattered the religious unity of Europe. Luther's challenge to papal authority and the selling of indulgences sparked a religious upheaval that led to the formation of new Protestant denominations and centuries of religious conflict. The Reformation had profound political consequences, transforming the map of Europe and contributing to the rise of nation-states.
The Scientific Revolution: A Paradigm Shift
The Scientific Revolution, building upon Renaissance humanism, marked a dramatic shift in how humans understood the natural world. Figures like Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton challenged established scientific theories and developed new methodologies, laying the foundations for modern science and significantly impacting philosophical thought. This period saw the rise of empiricism and the application of reason to understand the universe.
Conclusion
The medieval and early modern times represent a pivotal period in human history, characterized by dramatic societal changes, scientific breakthroughs, and religious transformations. From the rigid structure of feudalism to the revolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation, these centuries shaped the world we inhabit today. By understanding this period, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of our past and the forces that have molded the present.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between the High Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages? The High Middle Ages (roughly 1000-1300 CE) is often characterized by relative stability, economic growth, and the flourishing of Gothic architecture and scholasticism. The Late Middle Ages (roughly 1300-1500 CE) witnessed the Black Death, the Hundred Years’ War, and the beginning of the Renaissance, marking a period of decline and significant upheaval.
2. How did the printing press impact the early modern period? Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press revolutionized the spread of information, making books more accessible and accelerating the dissemination of new ideas. This contributed significantly to the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution.
3. What were the major causes of the Hundred Years' War? The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) was a complex conflict with multiple underlying causes, including disputes over succession to the French throne, economic competition between England and France, and tensions between the English and French nobility.
4. How did the Renaissance influence the Scientific Revolution? The Renaissance emphasis on humanism and classical learning fostered a spirit of inquiry and critical thinking that paved the way for the scientific advancements of the Scientific Revolution. The recovery of classical texts helped to revive interest in mathematics and natural philosophy.
5. What are some key differences between medieval and early modern art? Medieval art was often characterized by religious themes, symbolic representation, and a focus on conveying spiritual meaning. Renaissance art emphasized realism, humanism, perspective, and a renewed focus on classical forms and ideals. Early modern art continued this trend, branching into diverse styles and incorporating new technologies and ideas.
| medieval and early modern times: Medieval and Early Modern Times Diane Hart, 2005-06-30 |
| medieval and early modern times: World History Stanley Mayer Burstein, Richard Shek, 2006 Students study the social, cultural, and technological changes that occurred in Europe, Africa, and Asia in the years AD 500-1789. |
| medieval and early modern times: East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Albrecht Classen, 2013-09-03 This new volume explores the surprisingly intense and complex relationships between East and West during the Middle Ages and the early modern world, combining a large number of critical studies representing such diverse fields as literary (German, French, Italian, English, Spanish, and Arabic) and other subdisciplines of history, religion, anthropology, and linguistics. The differences between Islam and Christianity erected strong barriers separating two global cultures, but, as this volume indicates, despite many attempts to 'Other' the opposing side, the premodern world experienced an astonishing degree of contacts, meetings, exchanges, and influences. Scientists, travelers, authors, medical researchers, chroniclers, diplomats, and merchants criss-crossed the East and the West, or studied the sources produced by the other culture for many different reasons. As much as the theoretical concept of 'Orientalism' has been useful in sensitizing us to the fundamental tensions and conflicts separating both worlds at least since the eighteenth century, the premodern world did not quite yet operate in such an ideological framework. Even though the Crusades had violently pitted Christians against Muslims, there were countless contacts and a palpitable curiosity on both sides both before, during, and after those religious warfares. |
| medieval and early modern times: Death in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Albrecht Classen, 2016-04-11 Death is not only the final moment of life, it also casts a huge shadow on human society at large. People throughout time have had to cope with death as an existential experience, and this also, of course, in the premodern world. The contributors to the present volume examine the material and spiritual conditions of the culture of death, studying specific buildings and spaces, literary works and art objects, theatrical performances, and medical tracts from the early Middle Ages to the late eighteenth century. Death has always evoked fear, terror, and awe, it has puzzled and troubled people, forcing theologians and philosophers to respond and provide answers for questions that seem to evade real explanations. The more we learn about the culture of death, the more we can comprehend the culture of life. As this volume demonstrates, the approaches to death varied widely, also in the Middle Ages and the early modern age. This volume hence adds a significant number of new facets to the critical examination of this ever-present phenomenon of death, exploring poetic responses to the Black Death, types of execution of a female murderess, death as the springboard for major political changes, and death reflected in morality plays and art. |
| medieval and early modern times: Sexuality in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Albrecht Classen, 2008-12-10 Sexuality is one of the most influential factors in human life. The responses to and reflections upon the manifestations of sexuality provide fascinating insights into fundamental aspects of medieval and early-modern culture. This interdisciplinary volume with articles written by social historians, literary historians, musicologists, art historians, and historians of religion and mental-ity demonstrates how fruitful collaborative efforts can be in the exploration of essential features of human society. Practically every aspect of culture both in the Middle Ages and the early modern age was influenced and determined by sexuality, which hardly ever surfaces simply characterized by prurient interests. The treatment of sexuality in literature, chronicles, music, art, legal documents, and in scientific texts illuminates central concerns, anxieties, tensions, needs, fears, and problems in human society throughout times. |
| medieval and early modern times: Medieval and Early Modern Times: Discovering Our Past Jackson J. Spielvogel, 2005-03-01 Provides information on world history between the years from the fall of Rome to the Age of Enlightenment. Combines motivating stories with research-based instruction that helps students improve their reading and social studies skills as they discover the past. Every lesson of the textbook is keyed to California content standards and analysis skills. |
| medieval and early modern times: Medieval and Early Modern Times Carlton Joseph Huntley Hayes, Frederick F. Clark, 1966 |
| medieval and early modern times: Laughter in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Albrecht Classen, 2010-09-22 Despite popular opinions of the ‘dark Middle Ages’ and a ‘gloomy early modern age,’ many people laughed, smiled, giggled, chuckled, entertained and ridiculed each other. This volume demonstrates how important laughter had been at times and how diverse the situations proved to be in which people laughed, and this from late antiquity to the eighteenth century. The contributions examine a wide gamut of significant cases of laughter in literary texts, historical documents, and art works where laughter determined the relationship among people. In fact, laughter emerges as a kaleidoscopic phenomenon reflecting divine joy, bitter hatred and contempt, satirical perspectives and parodic intentions. In some examples protagonists laughed out of sheer happiness and delight, in others because they felt anxiety and insecurity. It is much more difficult to detect premodern sculptures of laughing figures, but they also existed. Laughter reflected a variety of concerns, interests, and intentions, and the collective approach in this volume to laughter in the past opens many new windows to the history of mentality, social and religious conditions, gender relationships, and power structures. |
| medieval and early modern times: Imagination and Fantasy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time Albrecht Classen, 2020-08-24 The notions of other peoples, cultures, and natural conditions have always been determined by the epistemology of imagination and fantasy, providing much freedom and creativity, and yet have also created much fear, anxiety, and horror. In this regard, the pre-modern world demonstrates striking parallels with our own insofar as the projections of alterity might be different by degrees, but they are fundamentally the same by content. Dreams, illusions, projections, concepts, hopes, utopias/dystopias, desires, and emotional attachments are as specific and impactful as the physical environment. This volume thus sheds important light on the various lenses used by people in the Middle Ages and the early modern age as to how they came to terms with their perceptions, images, and notions. Previous scholarship focused heavily on the history of mentality and history of emotions, whereas here the history of pre-modern imagination, and fantasy assumes center position. Imaginary things are taken seriously because medieval and early modern writers and artists clearly reveal their great significance in their works and their daily lives. This approach facilitates a new deep-structure analysis of pre-modern culture. |
| medieval and early modern times: Mainstreams of Civilization.... Carlton J. H. Hayes, James H. Hanscom, Frederick F. Clark, Margareta Faissler, 1965 |
| medieval and early modern times: Incarceration and Slavery in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age Albrecht Classen, 2021-10-19 People in the Middle Ages and the early modern age more often suffered from imprisonment and enslavement than we might have assumed. Incarceration and Slavery in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age approaches these topics from a wide variety of perspectives and demonstrates collectively the great relevance of the issues involved. Both incarceration and slavery were (and continue to be) most painful experiences, and no one was guaranteed exemption from it. High-ranking nobles and royalties were often the victims of imprisonment and, at times, had to wait many years until their ransom was paid. Similarly, slavery existed throughout Christian Europe and in the Arab world. However, while imprisonment occasionally proved to be the catalyst for major writings and creativity, slaves in the Ottoman empire and in Egypt succeeded in rising to the highest position in society (Janissaries, Mamluks, and others). |
| medieval and early modern times: NG WORLD HISTORY MEDIEVAL and EARLY MODERN TIMES SE CALIFORNIA National Geographic Learning National Geographic Learning, 2016-09 |
| medieval and early modern times: Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books , 2016-06-27 Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books offers insights into the cultural and historical transmission and practices of martial arts, based on the corpus of the Fight Books (Fechtbücher) in 14th- to 17th-century Europe. The first part of the book deals with methodological and specific issues for the studies of this emerging interdisciplinary field of research. The second section offers an overview of the corpus based on geographical areas. The final part offers some relevant case studies. This is the first book proposing a comprehensive state of research and an overview of Historical European Martial Arts Studies. One of its major strengths lies in its association of interdisciplinary scholars with practitioners of martial arts. Contributors are Sydney Anglo, Matthias Johannes Bauer, Eric Burkart, Marco Cavina, Franck Cinato, John Clements, Timothy Dawson, Olivier Dupuis, Bert Gevaert, Dierk Hagedorn, Daniel Jaquet, Rachel E. Kellet, Jens Peter Kleinau, Ken Mondschein, Reinier van Noort, B. Ann Tlusty, Manuel Valle Ortiz, Karin Verelst, and Paul Wagner. |
| medieval and early modern times: Travel, Time, and Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time Albrecht Classen, 2018-10-22 Research on medieval and early modern travel literature has made great progress, which now allows us to take the next step and to analyze the correlations between the individual and space throughout time, which contributed essentially to identity formation in many different settings. The contributors to this volume engage with a variety of pre-modern texts, images, and other documents related to travel and the individual's self-orientation in foreign lands and make an effort to determine the concept of identity within a spatial framework often determined by the meeting of various cultures. Moreover, objects, images and words can also travel and connect people from different worlds through books. The volume thus brings together new scholarship focused on the interrelationship of travel, space, time, and individuality, which also includes, of course, women's movement through the larger world, whether in concrete terms or through proxy travel via readings. Travel here is also examined with respect to craftsmen's activities at various sites, artists' employment for many different projects all over Europe and elsewhere, and in terms of metaphysical experiences (catabasis). |
| medieval and early modern times: Jews, Christians and Muslims in Medieval and Early Modern Times , 2014-03-27 This volume brings together articles on the cultural, religious, social and commercial interactions among Jews, Christians and Muslims in the medieval and early modern periods. Written by leading scholars in Jewish studies, Islamic studies, medieval history and social and economic history, the contributions to this volume reflect the profound influence on these fields of the volume’s honoree, Professor Mark R. Cohen. |
| medieval and early modern times: Chess in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Daniel E. O'Sullivan, 2012-07-30 The game of chess was wildly popular in the Middle Ages, so much so that it became an important thought paradigm for thinkers and writers who utilized its vocabulary and imagery for commentaries on war, politics, love, and the social order. In this collection of essays, scholars investigate chess texts from numerous traditions – English, French, German, Latin, Persian, Spanish, Swedish, and Catalan – and argue that knowledge of chess is essential to understanding medieval culture. Such knowledge, however, cannot rely on the modern game, for today’s rules were not developed until the late fifteenth century. Only through familiarity with earlier incarnations of the game can one fully appreciate the full import of chess to medieval society. The careful scholarship contained in this volume provides not only insight into the significance of chess in medieval European culture but also opens up avenues of inquiry for future work in this rich field. |
| medieval and early modern times: Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time Albrecht Classen, 2017-10-23 There are no clear demarcation lines between magic, astrology, necromancy, medicine, and even sciences in the pre-modern world. Under the umbrella term 'magic,' the contributors to this volume examine a wide range of texts, both literary and religious, both medical and philosophical, in which the topic is discussed from many different perspectives. The fundamental concerns address issue such as how people perceived magic, whether they accepted it and utilized it for their own purposes, and what impact magic might have had on the mental structures of that time. While some papers examine the specific appearance of magicians in literary texts, others analyze the practical application of magic in medical contexts. In addition, this volume includes studies that deal with the rise of the witch craze in the late fifteenth century and then also investigate whether the Weberian notion of disenchantment pertaining to the modern world can be maintained. Magic is, oddly but significantly, still around us and exerts its influence. Focusing on magic in the medieval world thus helps us to shed light on human culture at large. |
| medieval and early modern times: Mendicant cultures in the medieval and early modern world : word, deed, and image Sally J. Cornelison, 2016 |
| medieval and early modern times: Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Albrecht Classen, Connie Scarborough, 2012-10-30 All societies are constructed, based on specific rules, norms, and laws. Hence, all ethics and morality are predicated on perceived right or wrong behavior, and much of human culture proves to be the result of a larger discourse on vices and virtues, transgression and ideals, right and wrong. The topics covered in this volume, addressing fundamental concerns of the premodern world, deal with allegedly criminal, or simply wrong behavior which demanded punishment. Sometimes this affected whole groups of people, such as the innocently persecuted Jews, sometimes individuals, such as violent and evil princes. The issue at stake here embraces all of society since it can only survive if a general framework is observed that is based in some way on justice and peace. But literature and the visual arts provide many examples of open and public protests against wrongdoings, ill-conceived ideas and concepts, and stark crimes, such as theft, rape, and murder. In fact, poetic statements or paintings could carry significant potentials against those who deliberately transgressed moral and ethical norms, or who even targeted themselves. |
| medieval and early modern times: World History , 2006 Combines motivating stories with research-based instruction that helps students improve their reading and social studies skills as they discover the past. Every lesson of the textbook is keyed to California content standards and analysis skills. |
| medieval and early modern times: Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age Albrecht Classen, 2009 Although the city as a central entity did not simply disappear with the Fall of the Roman Empire, the development of urban space at least since the twelfth century played a major role in the history of medieval and early modern mentality within a social-economic and religious framework. Whereas some poets projected urban space as a new utopia, others simply reflected the new significance of the urban environment as a stage where their characters operate very successfully. As today, the premodern city was the locus where different social groups and classes got together, sometimes peacefully, sometimes in hostile terms. The historical development of the relationship between Christians and Jews, for instance, was deeply determined by the living conditions within a city. By the late Middle Ages, nobility and bourgeoisie began to intermingle within the urban space, which set the stage for dramatic and far-reaching changes in the social and economic make-up of society. Legal-historical aspects also find as much consideration as practical questions concerning water supply and sewer systems. Moreover, the early modern city within the Ottoman and Middle Eastern world likewise finds consideration. Finally, as some contributors observe, the urban space provided considerable opportunities for women to carve out a niche for themselves in economic terms. |
| medieval and early modern times: Medieval and Early Modern Performance in the Eastern Mediterranean Arzu Öztürkmen, Evelyn Birge Vitz, 2014 On the large eastern edge of the Mediterranean, the period from the start of the Crusades through the Ottoman era knew - and brought into mutual contact - a truly remarkable array of performances and performers, of a multitude of types. But of course examination of performance in the Eastern Mediterranean during the medieval and early modern era requires some careful conceptualization: of 'performance' and 'performer'; of 'the Mediterranean' as well - this region also often being termed the 'Muslim world', the 'Middle East', or the 'Ottoman domain'. This book represents a preliminary attempt to lay out and analyse a broad set of performance genres in this particular geographical setting. |
| medieval and early modern times: Christianity and Violence in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period Fernanda Alfieri, Takashi Jinno, 2021-03-08 The volume explores the relationship between religion and violence in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Early modern period, involving European and Japanese scholars. It investigates the ideological foundations of the relationship between violence and religion and their development in a varied corpus of sources (political and theological treatises, correspondence of missionaries, pamphlets, and images). |
| medieval and early modern times: Temporality and Mediality in Late Medieval and Early Modern Culture Christian Kiening, Martina Stercken, 2018 This interdisciplinary volume explores the ways in which time is staged at the threshold between the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Proceeding from the reality that all cultural forms are inherently and inescapably temporal, it seeks to discover the significance of time in mediations and communications of all kinds. By showing how time is displayed in diverse cultural strategies and situations, the essays of this volume show how time is intrinsic to the very concept of tradition. In exploring a variety of medial forms and communicative practices, they also reveal that while the beginning of the age of printing (around 1500) may mark a fundamental change in terms of reproduction and circulation, artefacts and other historical traditions continue to employ earlier systems and practices relating time and space. The volume features articles by leading researchers in their respective fields, including studies on mosaics as a medium reflecting space and time; the triptych's potential as a time machine; winged altarpieces mediating eternity; texts and images of the passion of Christ permeating past, present, and future; dimensions of time embedded in maps; a compendium of world knowledge organized by forms of time and temporality; the figuration of prophecy in times of crisis; the portrayal of time in architecture. This volume thus provides a new approach to media and mediality from the perspective of cultural history. |
| medieval and early modern times: Images of Otherness in Medieval and Early Modern Times Anja Eisenbeiss, Lieselotte E. Saurma-Jeltsch, 2012 From French miniature paintings to the work of Pope Pius II, this collection of essays explores the philosophical history behind medieval European art. The essays reveal how a visual vocabulary was established among French miniature painters to express the concepts of personal identity and alterity in their work and how Pope Pius II helped spread these metaphysical ideologies across the eastern Christian world. An exhaustive and articulate guide to European art in the Middle Ages, this book is essential reading for art students and enthusiasts alike. |
| medieval and early modern times: McDougal Littell World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times , 2005-03-16 Combines motivating stories with research-based instruction that helps students improve their reading and social studies skills as they discover the past. Every lesson of the textbook is keyed to California content standards and analysis skills. |
| medieval and early modern times: Religion and the Medieval and Early Modern Global Marketplace Taylor & Francis Group, 2021-10-15 Religion and the Medieval and Early Modern Global Marketplace brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines to examine the intersection, conflict, and confluence of religion and the market before 1700. Each chapter analyses the unique interplay of faith and economy in a different locale: Syria, Ethiopia, France, Iceland, India, Peru, and beyond. In ten case studies, specialists of archaeology, art history, social and economic history, religious studies, and critical theory address issues of secularization, tolerance, colonialism, and race with a fresh focus. They chart the tensions between religious and economic thought in specific locales or texts, the complex ways that religion and economy interacted with one another, and the way in which matters of faith, economy, and race converge in religious images of the pre- and early modern periods. Considering the intersection of faith and economy, the volume questions the legacy of early modern economic and spiritual exceptionalism, and the ways in which prosperity still entangles itself with righteousness. The interdisciplinary nature means that this volume is the perfect resource for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars working across multiple areas including history, literature, politics, art history, global studies, philosophy, and gender studies in the medieval and early modern periods. |
| medieval and early modern times: Friendship in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age Albrecht Classen, Marilyn Sandidge, 2011-03-29 Although it seems that erotic love generally was the prevailing topic in the medieval world and the Early Modern Age, parallel to this the Ciceronian ideal of friendship also dominated the public discourse, as this collection of essays demonstrates. Following an extensive introduction, the individual contributions explore the functions and the character of friendship from Late Antiquity (Augustine) to the 17th century. They show the spectrum of variety in which this topic appeared ‐ not only in literature, but also in politics and even in painting. |
| medieval and early modern times: Death in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Albrecht Classen, 2016-04-11 Death is not only the final moment of life, it also casts a huge shadow on human society at large. People throughout time have had to cope with death as an existential experience, and this also, of course, in the premodern world. The contributors to the present volume examine the material and spiritual conditions of the culture of death, studying specific buildings and spaces, literary works and art objects, theatrical performances, and medical tracts from the early Middle Ages to the late eighteenth century. Death has always evoked fear, terror, and awe, it has puzzled and troubled people, forcing theologians and philosophers to respond and provide answers for questions that seem to evade real explanations. The more we learn about the culture of death, the more we can comprehend the culture of life. As this volume demonstrates, the approaches to death varied widely, also in the Middle Ages and the early modern age. This volume hence adds a significant number of new facets to the critical examination of this ever-present phenomenon of death, exploring poetic responses to the Black Death, types of execution of a female murderess, death as the springboard for major political changes, and death reflected in morality plays and art. |
| medieval and early modern times: World History and Geography California. Dept. of Education, 1994-01-01 This document is a response to teachers' requests for practical assistance in implementing California's history-social science framework. The document offers stimulating ideas to enrich the teaching of history and social science, enliven instruction for every student, focus on essential topics, and help make learning more memorable. Experiences and contributions of ethnic groups and women in history are integrated in this course model. The framework is divided into 11 units: (1) Connecting with Past Learnings: Uncovering the Remote Past; (2) Connecting with Past Learnings: the Fall of Rome; (3) Growth of Islam; (4) African States in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times; (5) Civilizations of the Americas; (6) China; (7) Japan; (8) Medieval Societies: Europe and Japan; (9) Europe During the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution; (10) Early Modern Europe: The Age of Exploration to the Enlightenment; and (11) Linking Past to Present. Six of the 11 units delineated in the framework's 7th grade course description are developed in these course models. All units follow the same format. Each begins with a rationale and overview. Ways are suggested for teachers to coordinate the model with the state-adopted textbook for 7th grade. A presentation of activities to introduce and continue the sample topic are suggested to encourage students to apply what they have studied through projects. Each unit ends with an extensive annotated list of sample resources. (DK) |
| medieval and early modern times: Drama, Play, and Game Lawrence M. Clopper, 2001-05 How was it possible for drama, especially biblical representations, to appear in the Christian West given the church's condemnation of the theatrum of the ancient world?In a book with radical implications for the study of medieval literature, Lawrence Clopper resolves this perplexing question. Drama, Play, and Game demonstrates that the theatrum repudiated by medieval clerics was not theater as we understand the term today. Clopper contends that critics have misrepresented Western stage history because they have assumed that theatrum designates a place where drama is performed. While theatrum was thought of as a site of spectacle during the Middle Ages, the term was more closely connected with immodest behavior and lurid forms of festive culture. Clerics were not opposed to liturgical representations in churches, but they strove ardently to suppress May games, ludi, festivals, and liturgical parodies. Medieval drama, then, stemmed from a more vernacular tradition than previously acknowledged-one developed by England's laity outside the boundaries of clerical rule. |
| medieval and early modern times: The Medieval and Early Modern World Bonnie G. Smith, Donald R. Kelley, 2005 Consists of primary source material and an index to the other six titles in the series. |
| medieval and early modern times: Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan William E. Deal, 2007 This book is an introduction the Japanese history, culture, and society from 1185 - the beginning of the Kamakura period - through the end of the Edo period in 1868. |
| medieval and early modern times: Poison, Medicine, and Disease in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe Frederick W Gibbs, 2018-07-20 This book presents a uniquely broad and pioneering history of premodern toxicology by exploring how late medieval and early modern (c. 1200–1600) physicians discussed the relationship between poison, medicine, and disease. Drawing from a wide range of medical and natural philosophical texts—with an emphasis on treatises that focused on poison, pharmacotherapeutics, plague, and the nature of disease—this study brings to light premodern physicians' debates about the potential existence, nature, and properties of a category of substance theoretically harmful to the human body in even the smallest amount. Focusing on the category of poison (venenum) rather than on specific drugs reframes and remixes the standard histories of toxicology, pharmacology, and etiology, as well as shows how these aspects of medicine (although not yet formalized as independent disciplines) interacted with and shaped one another. Physicians argued, for instance, about what properties might distinguish poison from other substances, how poison injured the human body, the nature of poisonous bodies, and the role of poison in spreading, and to some extent defining, disease. The way physicians debated these questions shows that poison was far from an obvious and uncontested category of substance, and their effort to understand it sheds new light on the relationship between natural philosophy and medicine in the late medieval and early modern periods. |
| medieval and early modern times: Dealing With The Dead , 2017-12-18 Death was a constant, visible presence in medieval and renaissance Europe. Yet, the acknowledgement of death did not necessarily amount to an acceptance of its finality. Whether they were commoners, clergy, aristocrats, or kings, the dead continued to function literally as integrated members of their communities long after they were laid to rest in their graves. From stories of revenants bringing pleas from Purgatory to the living, to the practical uses and regulation of burial space; from the tradition of the ars moriendi, to the depiction of death on the stage; and from the making of martyrs, to funerals for the rich and poor, this volume examines how communities dealt with their dead as continual, albeit non-living members. Contributors are Jill Clements, Libby Escobedo, Hilary Fox, Sonsoles Garcia, Stephen Gordon, Melissa Herman, Mary Leech, Nikki Malain, Kathryn Maud, Justin Noetzel, Anthony Perron, Martina Saltamacchia, Thea Tomaini, Wendy Turner, and Christina Welch |
| medieval and early modern times: Forms of Individuality and Literacy in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods Franz-Josef Arlinghaus, 2015 'Individuality' is one of the central categories of modern society. Can the roots of modern individuality be found in pre-modern times? Or is our way of thinking about ourselves a very recent phenomenon? This book takes a theoretical approach to the problem, derived from Niklas Luhmann's system theory, in which different forms of individuality are linked to different structures of society in modern and pre-modern times. The papers in this volume approach this problem by discussing a broad variety of medieval and early modern sources, including charters and seals, letters, and naming-practices in a late medieval town. Self-representation is also considered, in 'housebooks' and drawings. Textual studies include autobiography in German Humanism, and concepts of individuality and gender in late medieval literary texts. |
| medieval and early modern times: Technology of the Medieval and Early Modern Worlds Emily Sebastian, 2015-12-15 While the medieval period is often written off as a backward and benighted era, it was, in fact, marked by advances in wind and water power, agriculture, navigation, timekeeping, and military technology. The invention of the printing press near the end of the Middle Ages ushered in the early modern period. The achievements of this era—in particular the fabrication of scientific instruments, the development of commerce, rising urbanization, and the invention of the steam engine—laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution. Readers will be engrossed by this information-packed title and come away with a real understanding of how technology develops over time, building, by fits and spurts, on the technology already in use. |
| medieval and early modern times: Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature Albrecht Classen, 2017-03-20 While most people today take hygiene and medicine for granted, they both have had their own history. We can gain deep insights into the pre-modern world by studying its health-care system, its approaches to medicine, and concept of hygiene. Already the early Middle Ages witnessed great interest in bathing (hot and cold), swimming, and good personal hygiene. Medical activities grew over time, but even early medieval monks were already great experts in treating the sick. The contributions examine literary, medical, historical texts and images and probe the information we can glean from them. The interdisciplinary approach of this volume makes it possible to view this large field in a complex and diversified manner, taking into account both early medieval and early modern treatises on medicine, water, bathing, and health. Such a cultural-historical perspective creates a most valuable bridge connecting literary and scientific documents under the umbrella of the history of mentality and history of everyday life. The volume does not aim at idealizing the past, but it definitely intends to deconstruct modern myths about the 'dirty' and 'unhealthy' Middle Ages and early modern age. |
| medieval and early modern times: Alcohol, Sex and Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe L. Martin, 2001-01-19 This book examines drinking and attitudes to alcohol consumption in late medieval and early modern England, France, and Italy, especially as they related to sexual and violent behavior and to gender relations. According to widespread beliefs, the consumption of alcohol led to increased sexual activity among both men and women, and it also led to disorderly conduct among women and violent conduct among men. Dr Lynn shows how alcohol was a fundamental part of the diets of most people, including women, resulting in daily drinking of large amounts of ale, beer, or wine. This study offers an intimate insight into both the altered states induced by alcohol, and, by opposition, into normal relations in family, community, and society. |
| medieval and early modern times: The Fight for Status and Privilege in Late Medieval and Early Modern Castile, 1465–1598 Michael J. Crawford, 2020-05-01 In The Fight for Status and Privilege in Late Medieval and Early Modern Castile, 1465–1598, Michael Crawford investigates conflicts about and resistance to the status of hidalgo, conventionally understood as the lowest, most heavily populated rank in the Castilian nobility. It is generally accepted that legal privileges were based on status and class in this premodern society. Crawford presents and explains the contentious realities and limitations of such legal privileges, particularly the conventional claim of hidalgo exemption from taxation. He focuses on efforts to claim these privileges as well as opposing efforts to limit and manage them. Although historians of Spain acknowledge such conflicts, especially lawsuits associated with this status, none have focused a study on this extraordinarily widespread phenomenon. This book analyzes the inevitable contradictions inherent in negotiation for and the implementation of privilege, scrutinizing the many jurisdictions that intervened in these struggles and debates, including the crown, judiciary, city council, and financial authorities. Ultimately, this analysis imparts important insights about the nature of sixteenth-century Castilian society with wide-ranging implications about the relationship between social status and legal privileges in the early modern period as a whole. |
Islam in Medieval and Early Modern English Literature: A …
ISLAM IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE 557 York: Columbia University Press, 2002). This book makes the third angle of the triangle with the works of …
MONEY AND COINAGE IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY …
2. The Different Means of Payment in the Medieval and Early-Modern European Economies: a) means of payment: At the sa me tim e, y ou mus t rea lize that coined money was not the sole …
World History Medieval And Early Modern Times Chapter 1
World History Medieval And Early Modern Times Chapter 1 Downloaded from marketspot.uccs.edu by guest CHACE BATES Medieval or Early Modern National Geographic …
Paul Halsall Marriage: Courtship and Ritual in Medieval …
A Medieval Life: Cecilia Penifader of Brigstock, c. 1295-1344. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. Erickson, Amy Louise. Women and Property in Early Modern England. London: Routledge, …
Timeline Activity - Studies Weekly
become more interconnected through medieval and early modern times? Let’s take a closer look at those distant world regions, as well as how they were beginning to make connections. While …
Jews, Christians and Muslims in Medieval and Early Modern …
Jews, Christians and Muslims in Medieval and Early Modern Times. Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, …
The medieval palette: medieval pigments and their modern …
Suggested pigments for pre-17th century painting For a starter set of pigments suitable for making egg tempera, oil paints, pastels/chalks, encaustic and manuscript paints (watercolour or …
National Geographic California Middle School Social …
Grade 6, World History Ancient Civilizations Grade 7, World History Medieval and Early Modern Times Grade 8, U.S. History American Stories Beginnings to World War I. 1 Grades 68 …
Medieval and Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity
40 Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies / 31.1 / 2001 JMEMS31.1-02 Bartlett 2/26/01 6:56 PM Page 40. ... and its grammatical variants occur about one hundred times in theGesta …
Conviviality and Charity in Medieval and Early Modern …
represents a very real part of English life during the medieval and early modern centuries: that is, the existence of a social institution through which neighbours and friends assisted each other …
PRACTICES OF GENDER IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY …
Practices of gender in late medieval and early modern Europe. - (Late medieval and early modern studies ; v. 11) 1. Women - History - Middle Ages, 500-1500 2. Women - ... at protest to argue …
WOMEN AND MEDIEVAL LITERARY CULTURE - Cambridge …
literature, art, ritual, performance, and social history of the medieval and early modern periods. anthony bale is Professor of Medieval Studies at Birkbeck, University of London. He has …
Rape in Early Modern England Law, History and Criticism
xi 1 Critical Context and History 1 The Critical Context 2 Criticism and Methodology 5 History 19 Bibliography 30 2 The Legal Framework 35 Common Law: Ancient, Medieval, Early Modern …
Witchcraft: A Survey of Medieval Ecstasy - ResearchGate
in Medieval and Early Modern Europe explore the ways of contesting and upholding orthodoxy from 1200 to 1650 concerning heresy, magic and witchcraft. ... European art and culture from …
THE VIRGIN MARY IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY …
978-0-521-76296-0 - The Virgin Mary in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Literature and Popular Culture Gary Waller Frontmatter More information. about the way I should describe …
Daniel Frank and Matt D. Goldish, eds. Rabbinic Culture and …
Jewish Authority, Dissent, and Heresy in Medieval and Early Modern Times. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2008. xvi + 480 pp. index. $49.95. ISBN: 978–0–8143–3237–5. This edited …
Medieval Early Modern Times (PDF) - netsec.csuci.edu
Medieval Early Modern Times Medieval and Early Modern Times: Bridging the Gap Between Eras Are you fascinated by the sweep of history, the transition from knights and castles to …
Medieval and Early Post-Medieval Glassworks - Historic …
This IHA provides an introduction to medieval and early post‑medieval glassworks. A medieval glassworks was an industrial site where glass was made from raw materials, and where either …
GRADE WORLD HISTORY GEOGRAPHY MEDIEVAL /EARLY …
Saharan civilizations of Ghana and Mali in Medieval Africa. 1. Study the Niger River and the relationship of vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, food, …
Jews, Christians and Muslims in - ResearchGate
Jews, Christians and Muslims in Medieval and Early Modern Times A Festschrift in Honor of Mark R. Cohen Edited by Arnold E. Franklin Roxani Eleni Margariti
paper. Samurai, Warfare, and the State in Early Medieval …
Conlan substantively demolishes the ideal, formulated in early modern times, of the ever-loyal medieval warrior. Rather unnecessarily, he trots out James Murdoch's tired old straw man that …
Tilly Goes to Church: The Religious and Medieval Roots of …
only in early modern Europe. Other practices of rule-making and enforcement existed, but the idea of the state before this time period is anachronistic (Anderson 2018, Skinner 2018). …
Laughter in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times - Toc
Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture 5 Laughter in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Epistemology of a Fundamental Human Behavior, its Meaning, and …
Frelick, Nancy M., ed. The Mirror in Medieval and Early …
The Mirror in Medieval and Early Modern Culture: Specular Reflections. Cursor mundi 25. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016. Pp. xi, 293 + 15 ill. ISBN 978-2-503-56454-8 (hardcover) €80. At …
Cultures of Death and Dying in Medieval and Early Modern …
In medieval and early modern European society, Death, the Grim Reaper, was a recurrent and omnipresent guest. The Biblical metaphor from Jeremiah (9:22) ... Even in times of peace, …
Holt California Social Studies: World History Medieval to …
Medieval and Early Modern Times: Discovering Our Past , Jackson J. Spielvogel, Mar 1, 2005, History, 638 pages. Provides information on world history between the years from the fall of …
Discovering Our Past Medieval And Early Modern Times
Medieval And Early Modern Times When people should go to the books stores, search creation by shop, shelf by shelf, it is in reality problematic. This is why we allow the book compilations …
Medieval and Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity
40 Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies / 31.1 / 2001 JMEMS31.1-02 Bartlett 2/26/01 6:56 PM Page 40. ... and its grammatical variants occur about one hundred times in theGesta …
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF MEDIEVAL AND EARLY …
from Vaṭṭeḻuttu and Koleḻuttu, which were used to write Malayalam in medieval and early modern times.2 At the same time, Eḷuttaccan, the reformer of Malayalam and father of the Modern …
Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe Review Number: 165 Publish Date: Sunday, 31 December, 2000 ISBN: 9780582317487 Date of Publication: 1999 ... to this collection may be …
GRADE 7 WORLD HISTORY GEOGRAPHY MEDIEVAL /EARLY …
GRADE 7 WORLD HISTORY GEOGRAPHY: MEDIEVAL /EARLY MODERN TIMES 7.2 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of civilizations of …
Race and Racism in the European Middle Ages - Getty
racializing strategy in England’s colonial rule of Ireland that echoed from the medieval through the early modern period: Four centuries later, Edmund Spenser would repeat the same derogatory …
Laughter in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Laughter in the Middle Ages and early modern times : epistemology of a fundamental human behavior, its meaning, and consequences / edited by Albrecht Classen. p. cm. (Fundamentals …
The Lives of Medieval Peasants - Saylor Academy
by figures of the Protestant Reformation, in the early sixteenth century, as an example of the Catholic Church’s ostentatious and lavish conduct. Medieval Law The system of law and order …
The Place of the Dead Death and Remembrance in Late …
In early modern England, for example, they were often three times those of modern developed countries, while average life expectancy was about half: Houlbrooke, Death, Religion, and the …
CITIZENS, SOLDIERS AND CIVIC MILITIAS IN LATE MEDIEVAL …
Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe (Princeton, 1993); Thomas Ertman, Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe …
MEDIEVAL TO EARLY MODERN TIMES HISTORY
medieval and early modern times. UNIT 1: WORLD RELIGIONS While religion is sprinkled throughout World History, we suggest giving the top 5 most practiced religions equal …
Medieval and Early Modern Shinto Reconsidered
Heian times to the end of the Edo period, I felt I was able for the first time to ... TAJIRI: Medieval and Early Modern Shinto Reconsidered 379 climate of the times, in particular the rise of the …
Plague hospitals and poor relief in late medieval and early …
outside of plague times. This article argues that municipal gov- ernments rather than the crown took the lead in the provision of ... of poor relief in medieval and early modern France. Running …
Medieval and Early Modern Coinage and its Problems
MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN COINAGE AND ITS PROBLEMS* Meir Kohn Department of Economics Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 email: mkohn@dartmouth.edu Working …
World History Medieval And Early Modern Times Chapter 10
World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times (California Teacher's Edition) MCDOUGAL LITTEL. 3.8 out of 5 stars 12. Hardcover. $33.53. Only 1 left in stock - order soon. World …
Medieval European conceptions of blood: truth and human …
those who studied medicine specifically. Even early recipe collections in the vernacular, like the thirteenth-century German Bartholomäus , show an awareness of the basics of humoral …
From Medieval to Early Modern, from Christian to Muslim
Islam in early modern Iberia. Through this manuscript, we can see an exam-ple of how the Moriscos were transforming biblical text to articulate a unique Christian identity in light of the …
BETWEEN THE MIDDLE AGES A 0 MODERNITY
between medieval and modern times. For the next quarter century, however, during an era of global depression and world war, historians seem to have ... early modern Europe as a …
Love and Marriage on the Medieval English Stage: Using the …
traces the origins of those concepts to the early modern period, when clergymen, especially Protestant ones, began to publish “guides” to the respective duties of husbands and wives.1 …
POVERTY AND ITS RELIEF IN LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
Formation in Early Modern England, c. 1550-1700 (Cambridge, 2000), 103-75; Steve Hindle, On the Parish? The Micro-Politics of Poor Relief in Rural England, c. 1550-1750 (Oxford, 2004); …
A CULTURAL HISTORY OF MADNESS - Bloomsbury
interpretation of madness profoundly different from what it would look like in modern times. And yet madness in modernity shows some parallel dualities. Attempts to cast madness as disease …
East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture Edited by Albrecht Classen and Marilyn Sandidge 14. East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Transcultural …
The long hundred in medieval and early modern Scotland
The long hundred in medieval and early modern Scotland Julian Goodare* ABSTRACT The 'long hundred' of 6 score was the norm in Scotland for non-monetary sums from the early middle …
