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Labor Economics Borjas: A Deep Dive into the Influential Work of George Borjas
Introduction:
Are you interested in understanding the intricacies of immigration, labor markets, and the economic impact of globalization? Then you've come to the right place. This comprehensive guide delves into the significant contributions of George Borjas, a leading figure in labor economics. We'll explore his key research areas, analyze his impactful findings, and discuss the ongoing debates surrounding his work. Prepare for a detailed examination of "labor economics Borjas," exploring its influence on policy discussions and economic understanding.
H2: George Borjas: A Leading Voice in Labor Economics
George Borjas is a renowned economist whose research has profoundly shaped the understanding of labor markets, particularly concerning immigration. His work is characterized by rigorous empirical analysis, often employing sophisticated econometric techniques to examine complex issues. Professor Borjas's prolific career has produced numerous influential papers and books, leaving an indelible mark on the field. His research consistently challenges conventional wisdom and often sparks heated debates, underscoring the complexity of the issues he tackles.
H2: Key Research Areas of Borjas's Labor Economics
Borjas's research spans several crucial areas within labor economics. Here are some of his most significant contributions:
H3: Immigration and the Labor Market:
This is perhaps Borjas's most well-known area of expertise. His research extensively examines the effects of immigration on native-born workers' wages, employment levels, and overall economic well-being. He's meticulously analyzed the skill-based complementarity and substitution effects of immigration, often finding nuanced results that challenge simple narratives of either solely positive or solely negative impacts. His work emphasizes the importance of considering the specific skills and characteristics of immigrants and the composition of the existing workforce.
H3: Wage Inequality and Skill-Biased Technological Change:
Borjas has also made significant contributions to understanding the sources of wage inequality. His research explores the role of skill-biased technological change, analyzing how advancements in technology differentially affect workers with varying skill levels. He meticulously disentangles the various factors contributing to the widening wage gap, offering valuable insights into policy implications.
H3: Assimilation and the Economic Integration of Immigrants:
Understanding how immigrants integrate into the host country's economy is crucial. Borjas's research delves into the process of assimilation, examining the factors influencing immigrants' earnings, occupational attainment, and overall economic success over time. This work highlights the complexities of immigrant integration, emphasizing the importance of language proficiency, education, and social networks.
H2: Controversies and Debates Surrounding Borjas's Work
Borjas's research, particularly on immigration, has often been the subject of intense debate. Critics argue that his findings may overemphasize the negative effects of immigration on native-born workers, potentially overlooking positive spillover effects and the overall contributions of immigrants to the economy. Furthermore, methodological debates surrounding his econometric approaches continue to fuel discussion within the academic community. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that Borjas's work consistently employs rigorous methodology and contributes significantly to the ongoing conversation.
H2: The Impact of Borjas's Research on Policy and Public Discourse
Borjas's research has had a considerable impact on policy discussions surrounding immigration. His findings have been cited extensively in policy debates, shaping the arguments of both proponents and opponents of various immigration policies. Understanding the nuances of his work is vital for policymakers and anyone seeking to engage in informed discussions about immigration and its economic consequences. His contributions to the field go beyond purely academic impact, directly influencing real-world policy debates and outcomes.
H2: Beyond the Numbers: Interpreting Borjas's Work
While the quantitative aspects of Borjas's research are central, it's essential to consider the broader implications. His work prompts critical reflection on the complexities of immigration, wage inequality, and the dynamic nature of labor markets. Instead of offering simplistic answers, his research encourages nuanced understanding and a cautious approach to policy-making. This is crucial as we navigate the challenges of globalization and rapid technological change.
Conclusion:
George Borjas's work stands as a testament to the power of rigorous empirical analysis in shaping our understanding of labor economics. His extensive contributions, particularly in the areas of immigration and wage inequality, have sparked significant debates and profoundly influenced policy discussions. While controversies surround certain aspects of his research, his profound impact on the field is undeniable. Further exploration of his work is crucial for anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of these complex and critical economic issues.
FAQs:
1. What are the main criticisms leveled against Borjas's work on immigration? Critics often argue that Borjas's models may not fully capture the positive externalities of immigration, such as increased innovation and entrepreneurship, and that his focus on low-skilled workers may overlook the contributions of high-skilled immigrants. Methodological criticisms also exist, primarily concerning the assumptions and limitations inherent in econometric modeling.
2. How does Borjas's work compare to other prominent researchers in labor economics? Borjas's work frequently engages with and often contrasts with the findings of other influential researchers in the field. Comparing and contrasting these perspectives is crucial for developing a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of labor markets.
3. What are some of the policy implications derived from Borjas's research? His findings suggest the need for careful consideration of the potential impacts of immigration on the labor market, emphasizing the importance of targeted policies aimed at addressing skill imbalances and ensuring smooth immigrant integration.
4. Where can I find more information on Borjas's published works? A thorough search on academic databases like JSTOR, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar will yield extensive results, including his numerous publications and books. His university website also often lists his current research and publications.
5. How does Borjas's research relate to current economic debates about globalization and technological change? His work provides valuable insights into the economic effects of globalization, particularly its impact on labor markets and wage inequality. He often links these dynamics to the effects of technological change, highlighting the complexities of these interconnected processes.
| labor economics borjas: Labor Economics George J. Borjas, 2010 Labor Economics, 5e is a well-received text that blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb Labor Economics book. The Fifth Edition builds on the features and concepts that made the first four editions successful, updating and adding new content to keep the text on the cusp of recent events in the Labor Economics field. The new edition continues to be the most concise book in the market, enabling the instructor to teach all relevant material in a semester-long class. Despite the book’s brevity, the instructor will find that all of the key topics in labor economics are efficiently covered in the Fifth Edition. Thanks to updated pedagogy, new end-of-chapter material, and even stronger instructor support, the Fifth Edition of Labor Economics remains one of the most relevant textbooks in the market. |
| labor economics borjas: Labor Economics George J. Borjas, 2002 George Borjas' well-received text blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb Labor economics book. His integration of theory with facts and coverage of latest research make his book one of the most popular at the middle and upper end of the market. |
| labor economics borjas: Immigration Economics George J. Borjas, 2014-06-09 Millions of people—nearly 3 percent of the world’s population—no longer live in the country where they were born. Every day, migrants enter not only the United States but also developed countries without much of a history of immigration. Some of these nations have switched in a short span of time from being the source of immigrants to being a destination for them. International migration is today a central subject of research in modern labor economics, which seeks to put into perspective and explain this historic demographic transformation. Immigration Economics synthesizes the theories, models, and econometric methods used to identify the causes and consequences of international labor flows. Economist George Borjas lays out with clarity and rigor a full spectrum of topics, including migrant worker selection and assimilation, the impact of immigration on labor markets and worker wages, and the economic benefits and losses that result from immigration. Two important themes emerge: First, immigration has distributional consequences: some people gain, but some people lose. Second, immigrants are rational economic agents who attempt to do the best they can with the resources they have, and the same holds true for native workers of the countries that receive migrants. This straightforward behavioral proposition, Borjas argues, has crucial implications for how economists and policymakers should frame contemporary debates over immigration. |
| labor economics borjas: Labor Economics George J. Borjas, 2000 The second edition of this well-received text blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb text by one of our top Labor Economists. The author's current experience at the Kennedy School ofGovernment allows him to incorporate new policy examples and a leaner presentation of the theory. |
| labor economics borjas: We Wanted Workers: Unraveling the Immigration Narrative George J. Borjas, 2016-10-11 From America’s leading immigration economist (The Wall Street Journal), a refreshingly level-headed exploration of the effects of immigration. We are a nation of immigrants, and we have always been concerned about immigration. As early as 1645, the Massachusetts Bay Colony began to prohibit the entry of paupers. Today, however, the notion that immigration is universally beneficial has become pervasive. To many modern economists, immigrants are a trove of much-needed workers who can fill predetermined slots along the proverbial assembly line. But this view of immigration’s impact is overly simplified, explains George J. Borjas, a Cuban-American, Harvard labor economist. Immigrants are more than just workers—they’re people who have lives outside of the factory gates and who may or may not fit the ideal of the country to which they’ve come to live and work. Like the rest of us, they’re protected by social insurance programs, and the choices they make are affected by their social environments. In We Wanted Workers, Borjas pulls back the curtain of political bluster to show that, in the grand scheme, immigration has not affected the average American all that much. But it has created winners and losers. The losers tend to be nonmigrant workers who compete for the same jobs as immigrants. And somebody’s lower wage is somebody else’s higher profit, so those who employ immigrants benefit handsomely. In the end, immigration is mainly just another government redistribution program. I am an immigrant, writes Borjas, and yet I do not buy into the notion that immigration is universally beneficial…But I still feel that it is a good thing to give some of the poor and huddled masses, people who face so many hardships, a chance to experience the incredible opportunities that our exceptional country has to offer. Whether you’re a Democrat, a Republican, or an Independent, We Wanted Workers is essential reading for anyone interested in the issue of immigration in America today. |
| labor economics borjas: Issues in the Economics of Immigration George J. Borjas, 2008-04-15 The United States is now admitting nearly one million legal immigrants per year, while the flow of illegal aliens into the country continues to increase steadily. The debate over immigration policy has typically focused on three fundamental questions: How do immigrants perform economically relative to others? What effects do immigrants have on the employment opportunities of other workers? What kind of immigration policy is most beneficial to the host country? This authoritative volume represents a move beyond purely descriptive assessments of labor market consequences toward a more fully developed analysis of economic impacts across the social spectrum. Exploring the broader repercussions of immigration on education, welfare, Social Security, and crime, as well as the labor market, these papers assess dimensions not yet taken into account by traditional cost-benefit calculations. This collection offers new insights into the kinds of economic opportunities and outcomes that immigrant populations might expect for themselves and future generations. |
| labor economics borjas: Handbook of Labor Economics Orley Ashenfelter, David Card, 2010-12-09 A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics. |
| labor economics borjas: Immigration and the Work Force George J. Borjas, Richard B. Freeman, 2007-12-01 Since the 1970s, the striking increase in immigration to the United States has been accompanied by a marked change in the composition of the immigrant community, with a much higher percentage of foreign-born workers coming from Latin America and Asia and a dramatically lower percentage from Europe. This timely study is unique in presenting new data sets on the labor force, wage rates, and demographic conditions of both the U.S. and source-area economies through the 1980s. The contributors analyze the economic effects of immigration on the United States and selected source areas, with a focus on Puerto Rico and El Salvador. They examine the education and job performance of foreign-born workers; assimilation, fertility, and wage rates; and the impact of remittances by immigrants to family members on the overall gross domestic product of source areas. A revealing and original examination of a topic of growing importance, this book will stand as a guide for further research on immigration and on the economies of developing countries. |
| labor economics borjas: Labor Economics George Borjas, 2007-03-13 George Borjas’ well-received text blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb Labor Economics book. The Fourth Edition builds on the features and concepts that made the first three editions successful, updating and adding new content to keep the text on the cusp of recent events in the Labor Economics field. In addition, 4/e offers greater instructor support with a significant number of new end-of-chapter problems and a new test bank. Labor Economics continues to be the most concise book available on the subject, but despite its brevity, instructors will find that all key topics are covered. Borjas’ integration of theory with facts and coverage of latest research make his book one of the most popular at the middle and upper end of the market. The text stresses the ideas that labor economists use to understand how the labor market works. |
| labor economics borjas: Studies in Labor Markets Sherwin Rosen, 2007-12-01 The papers in this volume present an excellent sampling of the best of current research in labor economics, combining the most sophisticated theory and econometric methods with high-quality data on a variety of problems. Originally presented at a Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research conference on labor markets in 1978, and not published elsewhere, the thirteen papers treat four interrelated themes: labor mobility, job turnover, and life-cycle dynamics; the analysis of unemployment compensation and employment policy; labor market discrimination; and labor market information and investment. The Introduction by Sherwin Rosen provides a thoughtful guide to the contents of the papers and offers suggestions for continuing research. |
| labor economics borjas: Labor Economics, second edition Pierre Cahuc, Stephane Carcillo, Andre Zylberberg, 2014-08-01 The new edition of a widely used, comprehensive graduate-level text and professional reference covering all aspects of labor economics, with substantial new material. This landmark graduate-level text combines depth and breadth of coverage with recent, cutting-edge work in all the major areas of modern labor economics. Its command of the literature and its coverage of the latest theoretical, methodological, and empirical developments make it also a valuable resource for practicing labor economists. This second edition has been substantially updated and augmented. It incorporates examples drawn from many countries, and it presents empirical methods using contributions that have proved to be milestones in labor economics. The data and codes of these research publications, as well as numerous tables and figures describing the functioning of labor markets, are all available on a dedicated website (www.labor-economics.org), along with slides that can be used as course aids and a discussion forum. This edition devotes more space to the analysis of public policy and the levers available to policy makers, with new chapters on such topics as discrimination, globalization, income redistribution, employment protection, and the minimum wage or labor market programs for the unemployed. Theories are explained on the basis of the simplest possible models, which are in turn related to empirical results. Mathematical appendixes provide a toolkit for understanding the models. |
| labor economics borjas: Mexican Immigration to the United States George J. Borjas, 2007-11-01 From debates on Capitol Hill to the popular media, Mexican immigrants are the subject of widespread controversy. By 2003, their growing numbers accounted for 28.3 percent of all foreign-born inhabitants of the United States. Mexican Immigration to the United States analyzes the astonishing economic impact of this historically unprecedented exodus. Why do Mexican immigrants gain citizenship and employment at a slower rate than non-Mexicans? Does their migration to the U.S. adversely affect the working conditions of lower-skilled workers already residing there? And how rapid is the intergenerational mobility among Mexican immigrant families? This authoritative volume provides a historical context for Mexican immigration to the U.S. and reports new findings on an immigrant influx whose size and character will force us to rethink economic policy for decades to come. Mexican Immigration to the United States will be necessary reading for anyone concerned about social conditions and economic opportunities in both countries. |
| labor economics borjas: Modern Labor Economics Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Robert S. Smith, 2016-04-20 For one-semester courses in labor economics at the undergraduate and graduate levels, this book provides an overview of labor market behavior that emphasizes how theory drives public policy. Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, Twelfth Edition gives students a thorough overview of the modern theory of labor market behavior, and reveals how this theory is used to analyze public policy. Designed for students who may not have extensive backgrounds in economics, the text balances theoretical coverage with examples of practical applications that allow students to see concepts in action. Experienced educators for nearly four decades, co-authors Ronald Ehrenberg and Robert Smith believe that showing students the social implications of the concepts discussed in the course will enhance their motivation to learn. As such, the text presents numerous examples of policy decisions that have been affected by the ever-shifting labor market. This text provides a better teaching and learning experience for you and your students. It will help you to: Demonstrate concepts through relevant, contemporary examples: Concepts are brought to life through analysis of hot-button issues such as immigration and return on investment in education. Address the Great Recession of 2008: Coverage of the current economic climate helps students place course material in a relevant context. Help students understand scientific methodology: The text introduces basic methodological techniques and problems, which are essential to understanding the field. Provide tools for review and further study: A series of helpful in-text features highlights important concepts and helps students review what they have learned. |
| labor economics borjas: The Economics of Labor George J. Borjas, 2014 This new title from Routledge meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of the subject's vast literature and the continuing explosion in research. Edited by George J. Borjas, the pre-eminent scholar in the field, The Economics of Labor is a four-volume collection of classic and contemporary contributions. |
| labor economics borjas: Friends Or Strangers George J. Borjas, 1990-04-09 Borjas (economics, U. of California, Santa Barbara) provides a pinched, crabby, misanthropic and xenophobic account of immigration that will likely please political conservatives, social troglodytes, and greedy entrepreneurs. Basically, he bemoans the low quality of recent immigrant labor, and, implicitly at least, the low quality of the immigrants themselves. Where did his family come from? Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| labor economics borjas: Heaven's Door George J. Borjas, 2011-11-28 The U.S. took in more than a million immigrants per year in the late 1990s, more than at any other time in history. For humanitarian and many other reasons, this may be good news. But as George Borjas shows in Heaven's Door, it's decidedly mixed news for the American economy--and positively bad news for the country's poorest citizens. Widely regarded as the country's leading immigration economist, Borjas presents the most comprehensive, accessible, and up-to-date account yet of the economic impact of recent immigration on America. He reveals that the benefits of immigration have been greatly exaggerated and that, if we allow immigration to continue unabated and unmodified, we are supporting an astonishing transfer of wealth from the poorest people in the country, who are disproportionately minorities, to the richest. In the course of the book, Borjas carefully analyzes immigrants' skills, national origins, welfare use, economic mobility, and impact on the labor market, and he makes groundbreaking use of new data to trace current trends in ethnic segregation. He also evaluates the implications of the evidence for the type of immigration policy the that U.S. should pursue. Some of his findings are dramatic: Despite estimates that range into hundreds of billions of dollars, net annual gains from immigration are only about $8 billion. In dragging down wages, immigration currently shifts about $160 billion per year from workers to employers and users of immigrants' services. Immigrants today are less skilled than their predecessors, more likely to re-quire public assistance, and far more likely to have children who remain in poor, segregated communities. Borjas considers the moral arguments against restricting immigration and writes eloquently about his own past as an immigrant from Cuba. But he concludes that in the current economic climate--which is less conducive to mass immigration of unskilled labor than past eras--it would be fair and wise to return immigration to the levels of the 1970s (roughly 500,000 per year) and institute policies to favor more skilled immigrants. |
| labor economics borjas: Contemporary Labor Economics Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, David A. Macpherson, 2003 This textbook presents the new labor economics. While traditional topics such as labor law, structure of unions, and collective bargaining are included, the focus is on labor economics as an applied field of micro and macro theory. The authors assert that labor economics has become a critical part of the core of analytical economics and not merely tangential. Micro and Macro Economic principles are the only prerequisites to this one term book. |
| labor economics borjas: Foundations of Migration Economics George J. Borjas, Barry R. Chiswick, 2019 The book presents research papers published over the past four decades by leading economists George J. Borjas and Barry R. Chiswick on the economics of international migration. |
| labor economics borjas: Science and Engineering Careers in the United States Richard B. Freeman, Daniel L. Goroff, 2009-08-01 Beginning in the early 2000s, there was an upsurge of national concern over the state of the science and engineering job market that sparked a plethora of studies, commission reports, and a presidential initiative, all stressing the importance of maintaining American competitiveness in these fields. Science and Engineering Careers in the United States is the first major academic study to probe the issues that underlie these concerns. This volume provides new information on the economics of the postgraduate science and engineering job market, addressing such topics as the factors that determine the supply of PhDs, the career paths they follow after graduation, and the creation and use of knowledge as it is reflected by the amount of papers and patents produced. A distinguished team of contributors also explores the tensions between industry and academe in recruiting graduates, the influx of foreign-born doctorates, and the success of female doctorates. Science and Engineering Careers in the United States will raise new questions about stimulating innovation and growth in the American economy. |
| labor economics borjas: Small Differences That Matter David Card, Richard B. Freeman, 2009-02-15 This volume, the first in a new series by the National Bureau of Economic Research that compares labor markets in different countries, examines social and labor market policies in Canada and the United States during the 1980s. It shows that subtle differences in unemployment compensation, unionization, immigration policies, and income maintenance programs have significantly affected economic outcomes in the two countries. For example: -Canada's social safety net, more generous than the American one, produced markedly lower poverty rates in the 1980s. -Canada saw a smaller increase in earnings inequality than the United States did, in part because of the strength of Canadian unions, which have twice the participation that U.S. unions do. -Canada's unemployment figures were much higher than those in the United States, not because the Canadian economy failed to create jobs but because a higher percentage of nonworking time was reported as unemployment. These disparities have become noteworthy as policy makers cite the experiences of the other country to support or oppose particular initiatives. |
| labor economics borjas: Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market John M. Abowd, Richard B. Freeman, 2007-12-01 Are immigrants squeezing Americans out of the work force? Or is competition wth foreign products imported by the United States an even greater danger to those employed in some industries? How do wages and unions fare in foreign-owned firms? And are the media's claims about the number of illegal immigrants misleading? Prompted by the growing internationalization of the U.S. labor market since the 1970s, contributors to Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market provide an innovative and comprehensive analysis of the labor market impact of the international movements of people, goods, and capital. Their provocative findings are brought into perspective by studies of two other major immigrant-recipient countries, Canada and Australia. The differing experiences of each nation stress the degree to which labor market institutions and economic policies can condition the effect of immigration and trade on economic outcomes Contributors trace the flow of immigrants by comparing the labor market and migration behavior of individual immigrants, explore the effects of immigration on wages and employment by comparing the composition of the work force in local labor markets, and analyze the impact of trade on labor markets in different industries. A unique data set was developed especially for this study—ranging from an effort to link exports/imports with wages and employment in manufacturing industries, to a survey of illegal Mexican immigrants in the San Diego area—which will prove enormously valuable for future research. |
| labor economics borjas: The Impact of International Trade on Wages Robert C. Feenstra, 2008-04-15 Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market. |
| labor economics borjas: The Economics of Immigration Cynthia Bansak, Nicole Simpson, Madeline Zavodny, 2015-04-24 Economics of Immigration provides students with the tools needed to examine the economic impact of immigration and immigration policies over the past century. Students will develop an understanding of why and how people migrate across borders and will learn how to analyze the economic causes and effects of immigration. The main objectives of the book are for students to understand the decision to migrate; to understand the impact of immigration on markets and government budgets; and to understand the consequences of immigration policies in a global context. From the first chapter, students will develop an appreciation of the importance of immigration as a separate academic field within labor economics and international economics. Topics covered include the effect of immigration on labor markets, housing markets, international trade, tax revenues, human capital accumulation, and government fiscal balances. The book also considers the impact of immigration on what firms choose to produce, and even on the ethnic diversity of restaurants and on financial markets, as well as the theory and evidence on immigrants’ economic assimilation. The textbook includes a comparative study of immigration policies in a number of immigrant-receiving and sending countries, beginning with the history of immigration policy in the United States. Finally, the book explores immigration topics that directly affect developing countries, such as remittances, brain drain, human trafficking, and rural-urban internal migration. Readers will also be fully equipped with the tools needed to understand and contribute to policy debates on this controversial topic. This is the first textbook to comprehensively cover the economics of immigration, and it is suitable both for economics students and for students studying migration in other disciplines, such as sociology and politics. |
| labor economics borjas: The Fissured Workplace David Weil, 2014-02-17 In the twentieth century, large companies employing many workers formed the bedrock of the U.S. economy. Today, on the list of big business's priorities, sustaining the employer-worker relationship ranks far below building a devoted customer base and delivering value to investors. As David Weil's groundbreaking analysis shows, large corporations have shed their role as direct employers of the people responsible for their products, in favor of outsourcing work to small companies that compete fiercely with one another. The result has been declining wages, eroding benefits, inadequate health and safety protections, and ever-widening income inequality. From the perspectives of CEOs and investors, fissuring--splitting off functions that were once managed internally--has been phenomenally successful. Despite giving up direct control to subcontractors and franchises, these large companies have figured out how to maintain the quality of brand-name products and services, without the cost of maintaining an expensive workforce. But from the perspective of workers, this strategy has meant stagnation in wages and benefits and a lower standard of living. Weil proposes ways to modernize regulatory policies so that employers can meet their obligations to workers while allowing companies to keep the beneficial aspects of this business strategy. |
| labor economics borjas: Real World Labor , 2009 |
| labor economics borjas: Perspectives on Labour Economics for Development Sandrine Cazes, Sher Verick, 2013 In developing countries, labour markets play a central role in determining economic and social progress since employment status is one of the key determinants of exiting poverty and promoting inclusion. Yet the reality in most developing countries is that the labour market fails to create the jobs in the formal economy that would help individuals and their families prosper. In recognition of these challenges, governments and other stakeholders in developing countries have increasingly prioritised policies and programmes to promote decent work. However, this requires navigating a range of complex issues and debates surrounding the linkages between development processes and labour market outcomes. This volume consists of three main thematic parts. Part I provides a broad overview of key issues, including characterising the employment challenge in developing countries and the link between economic growth, distribution, poverty and employment. Drawing on the literature and country examples, Part II analyses the specific topics of wages, migration and education. The final section shifts to a more normative focus, addressing labour market institutions and policies, along with systematic approaches to quantifying labour markets in developing countries. Perspectives on Labour Economics for Development is an invaluable reference for policy-makers in middle- and low-income countries as well as an ideal handbook for teachers and students of economics and development. |
| labor economics borjas: The Price of Rights Martin Ruhs, 2015-02-22 Many low-income countries and development organizations are calling for greater liberalization of labor immigration policies in high-income countries. At the same time, human rights organizations and migrant rights advocates demand more equal rights for migrant workers. The Price of Rights shows why you cannot always have both. Examining labor immigration policies in over forty countries, as well as policy drivers in major migrant-receiving and migrant-sending states, Martin Ruhs finds that there are trade-offs in the policies of high-income countries between openness to admitting migrant workers and some of the rights granted to migrants after admission. Insisting on greater equality of rights for migrant workers can come at the price of more restrictive admission policies, especially for lower-skilled workers. Ruhs advocates the liberalization of international labor migration through temporary migration programs that protect a universal set of core rights and account for the interests of nation-states by restricting a few specific rights that create net costs for receiving countries. The Price of Rights analyzes how high-income countries restrict the rights of migrant workers as part of their labor immigration policies and discusses the implications for global debates about regulating labor migration and protecting migrants. It comprehensively looks at the tensions between human rights and citizenship rights, the agency and interests of migrants and states, and the determinants and ethics of labor immigration policy. |
| labor economics borjas: Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2019-01-04 Gain an understanding of how econometrics can answer today's questions in business, policy evaluation and forecasting with Wooldridge's INTRODUCTORY ECONOMETRICS: A MODERN APPROACH, 7E. This edition's practical, yet professional, approach demonstrates how econometrics has moved beyond a set of abstract tools to become genuinely useful for answering questions across a variety of disciplines. Information is organized around the type of data being analyzed, using a systematic approach that only introduces assumptions as they are needed. This makes the material easier to understand and, ultimately, leads to better econometric practices. Packed with relevant applications, this edition incorporates more than 100 intriguing data sets in different formats. Updates introduce the latest developments in the field, including recent advances in the so-called “causal effects” or “treatment effects” literature, for an understanding of the impact and importance of econometrics today. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. |
| labor economics borjas: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Panel on the Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration, 2017-07-13 The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community. |
| labor economics borjas: The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets Tito Boeri, Jan van Ours, 2013-09-24 Most labor economics textbooks pay little attention to actual labor markets, taking as reference a perfectly competitive market in which losing a job is not a big deal. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets is the only textbook to focus on imperfect labor markets and to provide a systematic framework for analyzing how labor market institutions operate. This expanded, updated, and thoroughly revised second edition includes a new chapter on labor-market discrimination; quantitative examples; data and programming files enabling users to replicate key results of the literature; exercises at the end of each chapter; and expanded technical appendixes. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets examines the many institutions that affect the behavior of workers and employers in imperfect labor markets. These include minimum wages, employment protection legislation, unemployment benefits, active labor market policies, working-time regulations, family policies, equal opportunity legislation, collective bargaining, early retirement programs, education and migration policies, payroll taxes, and employment-conditional incentives. Written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students, the book carefully defines and measures these institutions to accurately characterize their effects, and discusses how these institutions are today being changed by political and economic forces. Expanded, thoroughly revised second edition New chapter on labor-market discrimination New quantitative examples New data sets enabling users to replicate key results of the literature New end-of-chapter exercises Expanded technical appendixes Unique focus on institutions in imperfect labor markets Integrated framework and systematic coverage Self-contained chapters on each of the most important labor-market institutions |
| labor economics borjas: Natural Resource Economics Barry C. Field, 2023-07-21 The connection between humans and the earth’s natural resources is a topic of vital interest. Concern once centered on whether there were sufficient supplies of natural resources to accommodate the rising demands of growing economies; a newer concern is whether those growing economies will undermine the linkages between humans and the earth’s critical ecological endowments. It is essential to understand the reciprocity of how human decisions affect resources and how resources affect humans. Natural resource economics is one way of framing and analyzing choices about the conservation and use of natural resources made daily by individuals, communities, and nations. The focus of the text is on natural resource valuation, economic incentives, and the institutional arrangements that will produce desired collective outcomes. The fourth edition of this acclaimed text presents the analytical framework of economics in easy-to-understand descriptions for readers who have not yet been exposed to economics. The first nine chapters offer a lucid introduction to fundamental economic principles and their application to questions about natural resource use. Ten topical chapters address specific natural resources. The final two chapters examine natural resource issues encountered in developing countries and the impacts of globalization on the utilization and conservation of natural resources. Topics new to this edition include: equity issues in natural resources decisions, existence value of wildlife, technological change, natural capital, payment for environmental services, rare earths, food security, and collective property rights. |
| labor economics borjas: International Handbook on the Economics of Migration Amelie F. Constant, Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2013-09-30 ŠThis is an extremely impressive volume which guides readers into thinking about migration in new ways. In its various chapters, international experts examine contemporary migration issues through a multitude of lenses ranging from child labor, human t |
| labor economics borjas: Handbook of Labor Economics Orley Ashenfelter, David Card, 1999-11-18 A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics. |
| labor economics borjas: Economic Research on the Determinants of Immigration George J. Borjas, 1999-01-01 This publication summarizes some of the key research findings from current literature and applies the lessons from it to the potential migration problem faced by countries in the EU. Its main objective is to present a review of existing economic theory and empirical evidence to evaluate the likelihood of migration flows from acceding or neighboring countries toward the current EU member states. This publication is a Technical Paper sponsored by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Division. It is part of a comprehensive series regarding the many important factors that influence European Union (EU) accession in the Central and East European countries (CEEC). The topics in the series cover both the social and economic aspects of accession across a broad range of sectors. The series also provides background information for specific acceding countries. These publications will be of interest to EU member and candidate countries, their ministries, and any one studying the accession issue. |
| labor economics borjas: The Economic Consequences of Immigration Julian Lincoln Simon, 1999 Argues convincingly that immigration continues to benefit U.S. natives as well as most developed countries |
| labor economics borjas: Earnings of Immigrants Arnold DeSilva, Economic Council of Canada, 1992 Covers the period 1946-1989. |
| labor economics borjas: Demand for Labor Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2017 The book collects articles published by Daniel Hamermesh between 1969 and 2013 dealing with the general topic of the demand for labor. The first section presents empirical studies of basic issues in labor demand, including the extent to which different types of labor are substitutes, how firms' and workers' investments affect labor turnover, and how costs of adjusting employment affect the dynamics of employment and patterns of labor turnover. The second section examines the impacts of various labor-market policies, including minimum wages, penalty pay for using overtime hours or hours worked on weekends or nights, severance pay for displaced workers, and payroll taxes to finance unemployment insurance benefits. The final section deals with general questions of discrimination by employers along various dimensions, including looks, gender and ethnicity, in all cases focusing on the process of discrimination and the behavior that results. Throughout the focus is on the development of theoretically-based hypotheses and testing them using the most appropriate data, often data collected uniquely for the particular project. |
| labor economics borjas: Preparing Chemists and Chemical Engineers for a Globally Oriented Workforce National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Chemical Sciences Roundtable, 2004-09-02 Globalizationâ€the flow of people, goods, services, capital, and technology across international bordersâ€is significantly impacting the chemistry and chemical engineering professions. Chemical companies are seeking new ideas, a trained workforce, and new market opportunities regardless of geographic location. During an October 2003 workshop, leaders in chemistry and chemical engineering from industry, academia, government, and private funding organizations explored the implications of an increasingly global research environment for the chemistry and chemical engineering workforce. The workshop presentations described deficiencies in the current educational system and the need to create and sustain a globally aware workforce in the near future. The goal of the workshop was to inform the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, which provides a science-oriented, apolitical forum for leaders in the chemical sciences to discuss chemically related issues affecting government, industry, and universities. |
| labor economics borjas: Poverty, International Migration and Asylum G. Borjas, J. Crisp, 2005-03-01 This book examines the economic consequences of immigration and asylum migration, it focuses on the economic consequences of legal and illegal immigration as well as placing the study of immigration in a global context. |
| labor economics borjas: State and Local Public Finance Ronald C. Fisher, 2018-09-03 Now in its 4th edition, State and Local Public Finance provides a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of state and local government public finance practices and issues, using the basic tools of economics. For this new edition, there is a focus on the most important services provided in the state-local sector: education, health and welfare, public safety, and transportation. This textbook provides an examination and analysis of public finance practices and problems in a federal fiscal system, focusing on the fiscal behaviour and policies of state and local governments. The author presents detailed descriptions of significant institutions. Modern economic theory is applied to examine the way these institutions are used to produce and finance services, and to provide evaluation of alternative policies. Although the emphasis is on U.S. institutions and issues, much of the economic analysis can be applied to any federal system or to fiscal decentralization. This fully revised new edition sees updates throughout to data, topics, and applications. The Headlines and Applications sections reflect the most current policy issues affecting state and local governments. These include the effects of the Great Recession on state and local governments, changes in the tax treatment of internet purchases, the Affordable Care Act and implications for Medicaid spending by state governments, demographic changes and the implications for state-local finances, the implications of changes in automobile technology for transportation financing, and the potential for increased gambling activity. This text will continue to be invaluable reading for those who study public finance, local government finance, urban economics and public policy and public administration. |
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