Advertisement
The Imperial German Army: A Colossus of Steel and Strategy
The thunder of marching boots, the gleam of polished steel, the roar of artillery – the Imperial German Army (Kaiserliche Deutsche Armee) conjures images of power, precision, and ultimately, tragedy. This post delves deep into the history, structure, tactics, and legacy of this formidable fighting force, exploring its rise to prominence, its role in World War I, and its lasting impact on military doctrine worldwide. We will unravel the complexities of its organization, examine its technological advancements, and analyze the strategic decisions that shaped its fate.
H2: The Genesis of a Modern Military Machine
The Imperial German Army wasn't born overnight. Its roots lie in the Prussian army, a highly disciplined and effective fighting machine forged in centuries of warfare. After the unification of Germany in 1871 under Kaiser Wilhelm I, the Prussian military model formed the bedrock of the new Imperial army. This inherited a strong emphasis on:
Hierarchical Structure: A rigid, top-down command structure ensured clear lines of authority and efficient execution of orders, but also stifled initiative at lower levels.
Professional Officer Corps: The officer corps was highly trained, prestigious, and drawn largely from the Junker class (the Prussian landed gentry), fostering a culture of elitism and unwavering loyalty.
Conscription: Universal conscription provided a large pool of manpower, creating a vast army capable of mobilizing quickly in times of war. This system, however, also led to a lack of experienced reserve officers when casualties mounted.
H2: Technological Advancements and Tactical Doctrine
The Imperial German Army embraced technological innovation, particularly in artillery and weaponry. The development of rapid-firing artillery, machine guns, and improved rifles gave them a significant advantage in the early years of World War I. Their tactical doctrine, however, remained largely rooted in 19th-century thinking, emphasizing large-scale offensives and frontal assaults. This proved disastrous against the entrenched defenses of the Western Front.
H3: Krupp Guns and the Artillery Advantage: The Krupp company produced some of the most advanced artillery pieces in the world, providing the German army with a potent long-range firepower advantage.
H3: The Limitations of Schlieffen Plan: The Schlieffen Plan, a complex strategy designed to avoid a two-front war, ultimately failed due to its rigid adherence to a predetermined timeline and underestimation of the French and Belgian resistance.
H2: The Eastern Front and the Challenges of a Two-Front War
While the Western Front became a brutal stalemate, the Eastern Front saw a more fluid and dynamic campaign. The German army initially achieved considerable successes against Russia, but the vast distances and harsh conditions presented unique logistical challenges. The constant need to shift troops between the two fronts severely stretched resources and ultimately contributed to the army's exhaustion.
H2: The Collapse and Legacy of the Imperial German Army
By 1918, the Imperial German Army was exhausted, demoralized, and facing defeat. The war's immense cost in human lives and material resources had eroded its capacity to fight effectively. The army’s eventual collapse led to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the establishment of the Weimar Republic. Despite its ultimate defeat, the Imperial German Army's influence on military thinking and organization remains substantial. Its emphasis on detailed planning, logistics, and combined arms tactics continues to inform military strategies today, albeit adapted and modified.
H2: The Myth and Reality of German Military Prowess
The Imperial German Army remains a subject of historical debate. While undoubtedly a powerful and well-organized force, its reputation is often exaggerated. Its initial successes were partly due to its technological advantages and the element of surprise. However, its inflexible strategic thinking and inability to adapt to the realities of trench warfare ultimately contributed to its downfall. Understanding the successes and failures of the Imperial German Army offers invaluable insights into the complexities of modern warfare and the importance of adapting to changing conditions.
Conclusion
The Imperial German Army represents a complex and fascinating chapter in military history. Its legacy is a multifaceted one, encompassing both technological innovation and strategic shortcomings. Its story serves as a powerful reminder of the human cost of war and the importance of strategic flexibility in the face of adversity. By understanding this powerful force, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of military history and the enduring impact of strategic choices on the course of nations.
FAQs:
1. What was the size of the Imperial German Army at the start of World War I? At the outbreak of World War I, the Imperial German Army numbered approximately 4.5 million men.
2. What role did the General Staff play in the army's operations? The General Staff played a crucial role in planning and directing military operations, wielding significant influence over strategic decisions.
3. How did the Treaty of Versailles impact the German army? The Treaty of Versailles severely limited the size and capabilities of the German army, restricting its size and prohibiting the possession of certain weaponry.
4. What were the main weaknesses of the Imperial German Army? Key weaknesses included a rigid adherence to outdated tactical doctrines, a reliance on large-scale offensives, and logistical challenges, particularly on the Eastern Front.
5. What lessons can modern militaries learn from the Imperial German Army's experience? Modern militaries can learn from the importance of adaptability, technological innovation, logistical planning, and the need to incorporate lessons learned from past conflicts to avoid repeating similar mistakes.
| imperial german army: Imperial German Army, 1914-18 Hermann Cron, 2002 This work is a detailed account of the composition, structure and organization of the World War I German army. It contains over 150 pages of detailed orders-of-battle and extensive lists of regiments and brigades, and all arms-of-service from infantry to sanitary troops. |
| imperial german army: Imperial Germany and War, 1871–1918 Daniel J. Hughes , Richard L. DiNardo, 2018-03-26 An in-depth, finely detailed portrait of the German Army from its greatest victory in 1871 to its final collapse in 1918, this volume offers the most comprehensive account ever given of one of the critical pillars of the German Empire—and a chief architect of the military and political realities of late nineteenth-century Europe. Written by two of the world’s leading authorities on the subject, Imperial Germany and War, 1871–1918 examines the most essential components of the imperial German military system, with an emphasis on such foundational areas as theory, doctrine, institutional structures, training, and the officer corps. In the period between 1871 and 1918, rapid technological development demanded considerable adaptation and change in military doctrine and planning. Consequently, the authors focus on theory and practice leading up to World War I and upon the variety of adaptations that became necessary as the war progressed—with unique insights into military theorists from Clausewitz to Moltke the Elder, Moltke the Younger, Schlichting, and Schlieffen. Ranging over the entire history of the German Empire, Imperial Germany and War, 1871–1918 presents a picture of unprecedented scope and depth of one of the most widely studied, criticized, and imitated organizations in the modern world. The book will prove indispensable to an understanding of the Imperial German Army. |
| imperial german army: Imperial German Army Handbook, 1914-1918 David Nash, 1980 |
| imperial german army: Imperial German Army 1914-18 Hermann Cron, Duncan Rogers, 2006 A detailed account of the composition, structure and organization of the First World War German Army has long been needed by English-language readers - this work will fill the gap admirably. In more than 300 pages, the authors examine all aspects of the army. A detailed analytical text is followed by an extensive compendium of order-of-battle data. |
| imperial german army: Handbook of Imperial Germany Robinson & Robinson, 2009-09 The purpose of this book is to provide a one-volume resource for collectors and historians with an Imperial German army interest. The more we researched, the more we found there were more stories, myths and misunderstandings about Imperial Germany than there were facts. Different authors addressed different aspects: collectors, historians and educators all had their own area of expertise, but there was no readily available resource to give a general overview of Imperial Germany. Though it is convenient to call it Germany, at the start of the First World War, there was still no united Germany, no German army, and no German officer corps. At 333 pages with 183 pictures and over 670 footnotes, this is an attempt to explain the intricacies of how the country worked -- militarily, politically and socially. |
| imperial german army: Absolute Destruction Isabel V. Hull, 2013-02-15 In a book that is at once a major contribution to modern European history and a cautionary tale for today, Isabel V. Hull argues that the routines and practices of the Imperial German Army, unchecked by effective civilian institutions, increasingly sought the absolute destruction of its enemies as the only guarantee of the nation's security. So deeply embedded were the assumptions and procedures of this distinctively German military culture that the Army, in its drive to annihilate the enemy military, did not shrink from the utter destruction of civilian property and lives. Carried to its extreme, the logic of military necessity found real security only in extremities of destruction, in the silence of the graveyard.Hull begins with a dramatic account, based on fresh archival work, of the German Army's slide from administrative murder to genocide in German Southwest Africa (1904–7). The author then moves back to 1870 and the war that inaugurated the Imperial era in German history, and analyzes the genesis and nature of this specifically German military culture and its operations in colonial warfare. In the First World War the routines perfected in the colonies were visited upon European populations. Hull focuses on one set of cases (Belgium and northern France) in which the transition to total destruction was checked (if barely) and on another (Armenia) in which military necessity caused Germany to accept its ally's genocidal policies even after these became militarily counterproductive. She then turns to the Endkampf (1918), the German General Staff's plan to achieve victory in the Great War even if the homeland were destroyed in the process—a seemingly insane campaign that completes the logic of this deeply institutionalized set of military routines and practices. Hull concludes by speculating on the role of this distinctive military culture in National Socialism's military and racial policies.Absolute Destruction has serious implications for the nature of warmaking in any modern power. At its heart is a warning about the blindness of bureaucratic routines, especially when those bureaucracies command the instruments of mass death. |
| imperial german army: Field Grey Uniforms of the Imperial German Army, 1907-1918 Michael Baldwin, 2012 This book is the culmination of many years' work from two authors who have lived and breathed the subject for the past forty years: one, a military antiques dealer of international standing; the other, an extremely knowledgeable collector of German World War I uniforms and equipment. Using mostly never before published period photographs as well as a wealth of highly detailed color studio photos of tunics drawn from one of the world's greatest private collections, it is an absolute must for any collector of World War I uniforms. Indeed, for any collector of German World War I memorabilia, laying out as it does in a very clear and precise way, all the variations of tunic, their origins and usage. This reader-friendly book will help guide the novice and experienced collector alike through the often difficult and confusing information on the subject. |
| imperial german army: The Kaiser's Army David Stone, 2015-06-01 In this comprehensive book, David Stone describes and analyses every aspect of the German Army as it existed under Kaiser Wilhelm II, encompassing its development and antecedents, organisation, personnel, weapons and equipment, its inherent strengths and weaknesses, and its victories and defeats as it fought on many fronts throughout World War I. The book deals in considerable detail with the origins and creation of the German army, examining the structure of power in German politics and wider society, and the nation's imperial ambitions, along with the ways in which the high command and general staff functioned in terms of strategy and tactical doctrine. The nature, background, recruitment, training and military experiences of the officers, NCOs and soldiers are examined, while personal and collective values relating to honour, loyalty and conscience are also analysed. There is also an evaluation of all aspects of army life such as conscription, discipline, rest and recuperation and medical treatment. In addition the army's operations are set in context with an overview of the army at war, covering the key actions and outcomes of major campaigns from 1914 to 1918 up to the signature of the Armistice at Compiègne. For anyone seeking a definitive reference on the German Army of the period – whether scholar, historian, serving soldier or simply a general reader – this remarkable book will prove an invaluable work. |
| imperial german army: Imperial German Colonial and Overseas Troops 1885–1918 Alejandro de Quesada, Chris Dale, 2013-08-20 This book tells and illustrates the little-known story of Germany's 30-year episode as a colonial power in Africa and the Pacific, and her enclave in China. Under the ambitious young Kaiser Wilhelm II, rivalry with the old colonial powers saw the protectorates originally established by trading companies transformed into crown colonies, garrisoned by the newly raised Schutztruppe with emergency support from the Imperial Navy's Sea Battalions. This book explains their organization and operations, including the horrific 1904-07 Herero campaign in Southwest Africa. It is illustrated with rare photos, and with color plates detailing a wide variety of the uniforms of German and native troops alike. |
| imperial german army: Under Arms for the Kaiser Michael Kelso, 2017-02-01 In 1871, after defeating the French, the King of Prussia declared Germany an Empire and crowned himself Kaiser Wilhelm in the Versailles Palace Hall of Mirrors. This began a period of ostentation in society and the arts?La Belle Époque or the Beautiful Age. It would end with the outbreak of 1914?s Great War. In that period Germany greatly expanded its military and in keeping with the ?beautiful age? created a fabulous array of colorful uniforms and equipment for its military. Significantly, the adoption of individual military units by Europe's royalty, led to an ever evolving richness in the insignia used to identify individuals and units in the Prussian and other states and principalities of aristocratic Germany. The armies of the Imperial era were flamboyant in uniforms of every color imaginable. None more so than the armies of the German Empire. Whether they were Prussian, Bavarian, Saxon or Wurttemberg regiments it could not be denied each regiment was impressive looking on maneuvers and especially on parade. One of the ways to identify regiments and their branch were by the particular uniforms worn including the all-important insignia attached to each man's shoulder. One can be sure that every soldier wearing a royal cypher or number was proud of his regiment and its history'past and future. Under Arms for the Kaiser is written for both the collector and historian who are interested in the Imperial German army and the regiments which comprised it. The book covers the shoulder insignia of all regiments with a focus on those which were honored with a royal honorary ?Chef,? or chief, including the wear of their monogram (cypher) on their shoulder straps. The book with over 1800 photos includes regimental information, Chefs, and hundreds of shoulder insignia including descriptions by branch and regiment. This is a reference, which should be in the library of every military insignia collector, especially those with an interest in Imperial Germany. |
| imperial german army: Imperial German Military Officers' Helmets and Headdress Thomas N. G. Stubbs, 2003-10 This long-awaited work is a detailed reference on the officers headdress of the Imperial German army from 1871-1918. Described and shown in full color are helmets from the following subjects: generals, infantry, cavalry, artillery, technical troops, communication troops, train, semi-military forces, medical and veterinary services, intendance and supply, the beamte, marine infantry and the colonial forces. Informative and detailed descriptions trace the changing models and patterns, as well as the nuts and bolts of assembly. Also discussed are the Imperial German Armys organization, service, and recruiting of the period from all of the Kingdoms, Grand Dukedoms and Princedoms, as well as the Hanseatic Free States. This book is an important source on Imperial headdress for collectors, dealers, historians, auctioneers and restorers. |
| imperial german army: Poles in Kaiser's Army on the Front of the First World War Ryszard Kaczmarek, 2020-04-28 The book deals with the fate of Poles from Poznań, Upper Silesia, Masuria, and Eastern Pomerania, who served in the German Imperial Army during the First World War. In regiments recruited on the Polish soil, it was common to use the Polish language, and from 1917 Poles deserted to the Polish Army in France |
| imperial german army: Uniforms and Equipment of the German Army 1900-1918 Charles L. Woolley, 2000-08-01 This second volume in the Uniforms and Equipment of the Imperial German Army 1900-1918: A Study in Period Photographs series, contains over 500 never before published photographic images of the Imperial German military forces. Each photograph and caption has been carefully researched affording the reader much information not to be found elsewhere, plus the inclusion of a glossary and an annotated bibliography which make this volume essential for the serious military historian, collector and World War I re-enactor. |
| imperial german army: Uniforms and Equipment of the Imperial German Army 1900-1918 Charles Woolley, 2000-04 This second volume in the Uniforms and Equipment of the Imperial German Army 1900-1918: A Study in Period Photographs series, contains over 500 never before published photographic images of the Imperial German military forces. Each photograph and caption has been carefully researched affording the reader much information not to be found elsewhere, plus the inclusion of a glossary and an annotated bibliography which make this volume essential for the serious military historian, collector and World War I re-enactor. |
| imperial german army: Imperial Germany Revisited Sven Oliver Müller, Cornelius Torp, 2011-09-01 The German Empire, its structure, its dynamic development between 1871 and 1918, and its legacy, have been the focus of lively international debate that is showing signs of further intensification as we approach the centenary of the outbreak of World War I. Based on recent work and scholarly arguments about continuities and discontinuities in modern German history from Bismarck to Hitler, well-known experts broadly explore four themes: the positioning of the Bismarckian Empire in the course of German history; the relationships between society, politics and culture in a period of momentous transformations; the escalation of military violence in Germany's colonies before 1914 and later in two world wars; and finally the situation of Germany within the international system as a major political and economic player. The perspectives presented in this volume have already stimulated further argument and will be of interest to anyone looking for orientation in this field of research. |
| imperial german army: The Imperial German Armies Johan Somers, 2013-11-28 These books present in detail the field-grey uniforms, helmets, weapons, and equipment used before and during the First World War. The origin and the many formations in existence at the outbreak of the war, and newly raised will be outlined, followed by a section on uniforms. The many carefully selected black and white war-era photos with large and complete captions will give the reader a thorough understanding of the appearance of the German Army during World War I. Each branch of service is lavishly illustrated with over 3000 black and white, and colour photographs. The three volumes cover: uniforms, headgear, weapons, gas warfare, telephone and communications equipment, infantry, jager, schutzen, radfahrer, mountain troops, machine gunners, cavalry, artillery, pioneers, transport, train, medical, and miscellaneous formations. ILLUSTRATIONS: 1000 b/w and colour photographs |
| imperial german army: German Colonial Wars and the Context of Military Violence Susanne Kuss, 2017-03-27 Some historians have traced a line from Germany’s atrocities in its colonial wars to those committed by the Nazis during WWII. Susanne Kuss dismantles these claims, rejecting the notion that a distinctive military ethos or policy of genocide guided Germany’s conduct of operations in Africa and China, despite acts of unquestionable brutality. |
| imperial german army: Imperial Germany 1890 - 1918 Ian Porter, Ian D. Armour, 2014-06-06 The Wilhelmine period is a crucial period of German history and the focus of great historical controversy; greater understanding of this period is also vital to explain the rise of the Third Reich. The authors focus on Germany's role as a major military and imperial power, industrialiastion and the economy, the crucial effects of the war years and the disturbing evidence that Germany's response to Hitler is to be found in the Wilhelmine era. |
| imperial german army: The Kaiser's Army Eric Dorn Brose, 2004-10-14 This volume covers a fascinating period in the history of the German army, a time in which machine guns, airplanes, and weapons of mass destruction were first developed and used. Eric Brose traces the industrial development of machinery and its application to infantry, cavalry, and artillery tactics. He examines the modernity versus anti-modernity debate that raged after the Franco-Prussian war, arguing that the residue of years of resistance to technological change seriously undermined the German army during World War I. |
| imperial german army: Imperial Germany & the Industrial Revolution Thorstein Veblen, 2023-11-20 In 'Imperial Germany & the Industrial Revolution' by Thorstein Veblen, the author explores the economic and social impact of industrialization in Germany during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Veblen's academic and analytical writing style provides a detailed examination of the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, including the rise of capitalism and the shift from agrarian to industrial economies. He also delves into the cultural and political consequences of industrialization, shedding light on the power dynamics and societal transformations that occurred during this period. Thorstein Veblen, a renowned economist and sociologist, drew upon his expertise in economic theory and social science to write this insightful book. His critical perspective and in-depth research make 'Imperial Germany & the Industrial Revolution' a valuable resource for scholars and students interested in the history of industrialization and its effects on society. I highly recommend 'Imperial Germany & the Industrial Revolution' to readers seeking a comprehensive analysis of the economic and social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution in Germany. Veblen's scholarly approach and nuanced insights provide a profound understanding of the complex dynamics of industrialization during this transformative period. |
| imperial german army: German Army Uniforms of World War II Stephen Bull, 2021-02-04 In the years after World War I, the defeated and much-reduced German Army developed new clothing and personal equipment that drew upon the lessons learned in the trenches. In place of the wide variety of uniforms and insignia that had been worn by the Imperial German Army, a standardized approach was followed, culminating in the uniform items introduced in the 1930s as the Nazi Party came to shape every aspect of German national life. The outbreak of war in 1939 prompted further adaptations and simplifications of uniforms and insignia, while the increasing use of camouflaged items and the accelerated pace of weapons development led to the appearance of new clothing and personal equipment. Medals and awards increased in number as the war went on, with grades being added for existing awards and new decorations introduced to reflect battlefield feats. Specialists such as mountain troops, tank crews and combat engineers were issued distinctive uniform items and kit, while the ever-expanding variety of fronts on which the German Army fought – from the North African desert to the Russian steppe – prompted the rapid development of clothing and equipment for different climates and conditions. In addition, severe shortages of raw materials and the demands of clothing and equipping an army that numbered in the millions forced the simplification of many items and the increasing use of substitute materials in their manufacture. In this fully illustrated book noted authority Dr Stephen Bull examines the German Army's wide range of uniforms, personal equipment, weapons, medals and awards, and offers a comprehensive guide to the transformation that the German Army soldier underwent in the period from September 1939 to May 1945. |
| imperial german army: The Imperial German Army Between Kaiser and King Gavin Wiens, 2023-03-28 This book provides a reappraisal of Germany’s military between the mid-nineteenth century and the end of the First World War. At its core is the following question: how 'German' was the imperial German army? This army, which emerged from the Wars of Unification in 1871, has commonly been seen as the 'school of the nation'. After all – so this argument goes – tens of thousands of young men passed through its ranks each year, with conscripts undergoing an intense program of patriotic education and returning to civilian life as fervent German nationalists and ardent supporters of the German emperor, or Kaiser. This book reexamines this assumption. It does not deny that devotion to the Fatherland and loyalty to the Kaiser were widespread among German soldiers in the decades following unification. It nevertheless shows that the imperial German army was far less homogenous and far more faction-ridden than has hitherto been acknowledged. |
| imperial german army: Fragile Rise Xu Qiyu, 2016-12-30 Germany's rise to power before World War I from a Chinese persective, and the geopolitical lessons for today. A series of solemn anniversary events have marked the centenary of World War I. Could history repeat itself in today's geopolitics? Now, as then, a land power with a growing economy and a maritime power with global commitments are the two leading states in the international system. Most ominously, the outbreak of war in 1914 is a stark reminder that nations cannot rely on economic interdependence and ongoing diplomacy to keep the peace. In Fragile Rise, Xu Qiyu offers a Chinese perspective on the course of German grand strategy in the decades before World War I. Xu shows how Germany's diplomatic blunders turned its growing power into a liability instead of an asset. Bismarck's successors provoked tension and conflict with the other European great powers. Germany's attempts to build a powerful navy alienated Britain. Fearing an assertive Germany, France and Russia formed an alliance, leaving the declining Austro-Hungarian Empire as Germany's only major ally. Xu's account demonstrates that better strategy and statesmanship could have made a difference—for Germany and Europe. His analysis offers important lessons for the leaders of China and other countries. Fragile Rise reminds us that the emergence of a new great power creates risks that can be managed only by adroit diplomats, including the leaders of the emerging power. In the twenty-first century, another great war may not be inevitable. Heeding the lessons of Fragile Rise could make it even less likely. |
| imperial german army: The Kaiser's Army in Color Charles Woolley, 2000 During the period 1890-1910 the German Army of Kaiser Wilhelm II was ablaze in color, particularly the Garde and Cavalry regiments. In this superb new volume the author brings to the student of uniforms, as well as the art and military historian, the true glory of this brief, but most colorful time. Carl Becker was a skillful and talented artist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, whose treatment of German uniforms, the military pomp and ceremony, as well as the work-a-day activities of the Kaisers army, are both realistically and artistically among the very best. The 104 never before published uniform plates are a treasure trove of color, action, and rarity which have only been viewed by a select few before this publication. The additional illustrations from books and the postcard art reproduced here well display the scope and depth of Beckers work. Technically correct, and artistically rendered on the subject of Kaiser Wilhelm IIs flamboyant army of 1890-1910, this book will be a welcome addition to the library of the collector, the student of military costume, modelers and the appreciator of well executed military art. |
| imperial german army: Tirpitz Patrick J. Kelly, 2011-05-03 “A first-rate biography of this grand admiral who is better known for his political skills than his naval ones.” —US Naval Insitute Proceedings Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz (1849–1930) was the principal force behind the rise of the German Imperial Navy prior to World War I, challenging Great Britain’s command of the seas. As State Secretary of the Imperial Naval Office from 1897 to 1916, Tirpitz wielded great power and influence over the national agenda during that crucial period. By the time he had risen to high office, Tirpitz was well equipped to use his position as a platform from which to dominate German defense policy. Though he was cool to the potential of the U-boat, he enthusiastically supported a torpedo boat branch of the navy and began an ambitious building program for battleships and battle cruisers. Based on exhaustive archival research, including new material from family papers, Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy is the first extended study in English of this germinal figure in the growth of the modern navy. “Well written and based on new sources . . . allows the reader deep insights into the life of a man who played a very important role at the turn of the last century and who, like almost nobody else, shaped German policy.” —International Journal of Maritime History “An invaluable reference work on Tirpitz, the Imperial German Navy, and on politics in Wilhelmine Germany.” —The Northern Mariner |
| imperial german army: Instrument of War Dennis Showalter, 2016-11-17 Drawing on more than a half-century of research and teaching, Dennis Showalter presents a fresh perspective on the German Army during World War I. Showalter surveys an army at the heart of a national identity, driven by – yet also defeated by – warfare in the modern age, which struggled to capitalize on its victories and ultimately forgot the lessons of its defeat. Exploring the internal dynamics of the German Army and detailing how the soldiers coped with the many new forms of warfare, Showalter shows how the army's institutions responded to, and how Germany itself was changed by war. Detailing the major campaigns on the Western and Eastern fronts and the forgotten war fought in the Middle East and Africa, this comprehensive volume examines the army's operational strategy, the complexities of campaigns of movement versus static trench warfare, and the effects of changes in warfare. |
| imperial german army: The German Pioneers Ulrich Herr, 2017 |
| imperial german army: The German Army in World War I (1) Nigel Thomas, 2012-03-20 In August 1914 the mobilization of Imperial Germany's 800,000-strong army ushered in the first great war of the modern age a war which still stands as the greatest slaughter of soldiers in history. That German Army is also the best example of a particular period of military thought, when virtually the whole manpower of the European nations was integrated into mass conscript armies, supported by several age categories of reservists and by dedicated industrial and transport systems. In this first of three volumes the author offers an extraordinary mass of information, in text and tables, illustrated by photographs and colour plates. |
| imperial german army: The Organisation and Uniforms of the Imperial German Army, 1900-1918 Frederick John Stephens, Graham Maddocks, 1975-01-01 |
| imperial german army: The Army of the German Empire 1870–88 Albert Seaton, 1973-06-15 The army of the German Empire was born out of the once great Prussian army that Napoleon Bonaparte had humbled at the Battle of Jena-Auerstädt in 1806, during the Napoleonic Wars. The eventual defeat of Napoleon initiated a slow process of military reform that gained momentum during the pan-German and expansionist policies of King William I of Prussia and his chancellor Bismarck. This book charts the consolidation of Prussian power and details the structure of the new imperial army that was created after the triumph of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Uniforms and equipment are also examined in full detail. |
| imperial german army: Luxury Fleet Holger Herwig, 2014-04-24 Originally published in 1980 ‘Luxury’ Fleet (the phrase was Winston Churchill’s) was the first history of the Imperial German navy from 1888 to 1918. After tracing the historical background to German naval ambitions, the first two sections of the book analyse Admiral Tirpitz’s programme of building a battle fleet strong enough to engage the Royal Navy in the North Sea. The author shows the fleet in its European setting and describes the warships and the attitudes of the officer corps and seamen. The final section of the book discusses the tactical deployment of the German fleet during the First World War, both in home waters and overseas; and it weighs the balance between those who supported fleet actions in preference to those who favoured cruiser and submarine warfare. |
| imperial german army: The German Army 1914–18 Donald Fosten, Robert Marrion, 1978-07-27 The Imperial German Army began the Great War (World War I) as the most professionally impressive conscript force in the world. This fascinating book by Donald Fosten and Robert Marrion explores in great detail the organization, tactics, weapons, uniforms, equipment and origins of this army that fought in World War I from its start in 1914 to their ultimate defeat in 1918. Numerous contemporary photographs serve to illustrate this engaging and informative text which covers such wide-ranging topics as conscription, artillery and the army veterinary service. Eight full page colour plates by military artist Gerry Embleton, together with extensive commentaries provide a wealth of information concerning the uniforms and equipment of troops from a variety of services. |
| imperial german army: The German Army from Mobilisation to First Ypres Otto Schwink, 2016-10-31 This new volume in the long-running Images of War series features the actions of the Imperial German Army at Ypres from 1914-15. In the autumn of 1917 Captain Otto Schwink, a General Staff Officer, by order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Field Army, produced a book entitled The Germans at Ypres 1914. Herr Schwink’s text is reproduced accompanied by rare photographs illustrating the Imperial German Army as it was in the prewar era and in the field during the campaign, which culminated in the four year struggle for the Ypres salient. Photographs depict the troops, officers, supporting artillery, High Command and the events of the 1914 Christmas truce. This volume also features a chapter on Adolf Hitler’s service during the Great War, which both began and ended in the Ypres salient, and includes a selection of rare photographs illustrating Hitler’s experience in the ranks of the Bavarian Army in Flanders. |
| imperial german army: Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918 Roger Chickering, 2014-07-10 This book represents the most comprehensive history of Germany during the First World War. |
| imperial german army: Command Culture Jörg Muth, 2011 Muth examines the different paths the United States Army and the German Armed Forces traveled to select, educate, and promote their officers in the crucial time before World War II. He demonstrates that the military education system in Germany represented an organized effort where each school provided the stepping stone for the next. But in the US, there existed no communication about teaching contents among the various schools. |
| imperial german army: Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany Andi Zimmerman, 2010-02-15 With the rise of imperialism, the centuries-old European tradition of humanist scholarship as the key to understanding the world was jeopardized. Nowhere was this more true than in nineteenth-century Germany. It was there, Andrew Zimmerman argues, that the battle lines of today's culture wars were first drawn when anthropology challenged humanism as a basis for human scientific knowledge. Drawing on sources ranging from scientific papers and government correspondence to photographs, pamphlets, and police reports of freak shows, Zimmerman demonstrates how German imperialism opened the door to antihumanism. As Germans interacted more frequently with peoples and objects from far-flung cultures, they were forced to reevaluate not just those peoples, but also the construction of German identity itself. Anthropologists successfully argued that their discipline addressed these issues more productively—and more accessibly—than humanistic studies. Scholars of anthropology, European and intellectual history, museum studies, the history of science, popular culture, and colonial studies will welcome this book. |
| imperial german army: Germany at War [4 volumes] David T. Zabecki, 2014-10-28 Written by experts for use by nonexperts, this monumental work probes Germany's Genius for War and the unmistakable pattern of tactical and operational innovation and excellence evident throughout the nation's military history. Despite having the best military forces in the world, some of the most advanced weapons available, and unparalleled tactical proficiency, Germany still lost both World Wars. This landmark, four-volume encyclopedia explores how and why that happened, at the same time examining Germany as a military power from the start of the Thirty Years' War in 1618 to the present day. Coverage includes the Federal Republic of Germany, its predecessor states, and the kingdoms and principalities that combined to form Imperial Germany in 1871. The Seven Years' War is discussed, as are the Napoleonic Wars, the Wars of German Unification (including the Franco-Prussian War), World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. In all, more than 1,000 entries illuminate battles, organizations, leaders, armies, weapons, and other aspects of war and military life. The most comprehensive overview of German military history ever to appear in English, this work will enable students and others interested in military history to better understand the sociopolitical history of Germany, the complex role conflict has played in the nation throughout its history, and why Germany continues to be an important player on the European continent. |
| imperial german army: Imperial Germany Sidney Whitman, 1889 |
| imperial german army: The Culture of Military Organizations Peter R. Mansoor, Williamson Murray, 2019-10-17 Examines how military culture forms and changes, as well as its impact on the effectiveness of military organizations. |
| imperial german army: The Marne 15 July - 6 August 1918 Stephen C. McGeorge and Mason W. Watson, |
Imperial German Army 1914 18 Organisation Structu (PDF)
Imperial German Army, 1914-18 Hermann Cron,2002 This work is a detailed account of the composition, structure and organization of the World War I German army. It contains over 150 …
Imperial German Army - prussia.online
IMPERIAL GERMAN ARMY 1914-18 Organisation, Structure, Orders of Battle Hermann Cron Translated by C.F. Colton, MA Helion & Company E:\Clients\Helion\Imperial German Army …
MARNE - Army University Press
Dec 31, 2015 · Imperial German Army, the German field army com- manders seemingly thought of themselves and their units as, essentially, fighting their own individual battles.
The Imperial German Army Between Kaiser and King - Springer
The Imperial German Army Between Kaiser and King Monarchy, Nation-Building, and War, 1866–1918
RESEARCHING IMPERIAL GERMAN ARMY AND NAVY …
The Imperial German Army was comprised of four individual armies that were administered separately, although in time of war the Prussians and German Kaiser commanded the Imperial …
Imperial German Field Uniforms And Equipment 1907 1918
Imperial German Army during World War I. Using over 600 period photographs and color images from items out of private collections and museums, the author displays a broad range of …
EFFECTS OF DECENTRALIZED EXECUTION ON THE GERMAN …
the German Army failed to effectively conduct decentralized execution due to key leader appointment, span of control issues, lack of clarity in purpose of orders, communications …
War Without Policy: Clausewitz and the German Army 1866 …
This paper seeks to demonstrate that the Imperial German army, despite its veneration of Carl von Clausewitz, was fundamentally anti-Clausewitzian. By this it is meant that the German …
Organization of German Divisions, 1914 - 314th
1 Cron indicates that the Guard and 5th Cavarly Divisions had the 11th, 12th, and 13th Jäger Battalions divided between them on 17 August 1914, but provides no indication as to their …
Leavenworth Papers - Army University Press
In the Imperial German Army on the western front, the Army High Command (die Oberste Heeresleitung, hereafter called OHL) changed tactical doctrine significantly on two occasions.
Organization of German Field Armies, 17 August 1914 - 314th
11 Hospital Platoons. 7 Support Hospital Platoons. 1st Senior Cavalry Command (supporting 3rd Army) Guard Cavalry Division:1 1st Guard Cavalry Brigade:
Battle of Tannenberg: The Success of German Operations in …
Although outnum-bered, the Imperial German Army successfully and overwhelming-ly outperformed the Russian First and Second Armies in mobiliza-tion, strategic and tactical …
Strategy in a microcosm: Processes of tactical learning in a …
The transformation of tactical doctrine in the German Army from 1915 to 1918 In contrast to the eastern front, the troops in the west were lined up against each other in a huge density of men, …
Steel Helmet | International Encyclopedia of the First World …
After significant testing, the Imperial German Army fielded the Stahlhelm, or steel helmet, at first in limited numbers to stormtroopers at the Battle of Verdun in February 1916.
Bismarck, Wilhelm II., and German Military Leadership
The German army, or, to be more precise, the Prussian army had been a myth since the early 18th century, for it had decisively helped to make Prussia, a rather poor and small country in …
World War I Field Gun - Collingwood Historical Society Inc
Manufactured by the German firm Krupp in 1915, this 150 mm Heavy Field Howitzer became the Imperial German Army’s principal gun of battle in World War I. Australian soldiers respected …
Appendix 1: Primary source and background documents
Appendix 1: Primary source and background documents. Document No. 1: Germany's Declaration of War with Russia, August 1, 1914. Presented by the German Ambassador to St. Petersburg …
A World of Enemies: New Perspectives on German Military …
The modern German discourse on war, shaped by memories of the Thirty Years' War, the war of liberation against Napoleon, and Bismarck's wars of unification, powerfully influenced the …
Foreign Award/Badge Chart 1 (as of 3 September 2024
Argentina Army Commando Badge . Argentina Army Mountain Expert Badge . Argentina Observer Crew Wings . Argentina Army Pilot Qualification Badge . Argentine Army Command and Staff Course . Graduation Badge See note 1 (token acceptance only). See note 1 (token acceptance only). Enlisted only. Officers only. Australia Australian Army Sniper Badge
FIELD CODES USED BY THE GERMAN ARMY DURING THE …
FIELD CODES USED BY THE GERMAN ARMY DURING THE WORLD WAR A. INTRODUCTION This report is intended to give a detailed account of the technical work of the Code Solving Section of the Radio Intelligence Section of the General Staff insofar as it was concerned with the main function of the section, viz, furnishing to the proper authorities such ...
Emil Körner and the Prussianization of the Chilean Army: …
of the Chilean Army: Origins, Process, and Consequences, 1885-1920 FREDERICK M. NUNN* IN 1885 the Chilean government appointed Captain Emil K6rner of the Imperial German Army to train its of-ficers. When K6rner arrived in Chile he found an ex-perienced officer corps composed of veterans from the War of the Pacific and the Indian campaigns in ...
Battle of Tannenberg: The Success of German Operations in …
early decisions of German leadership in World War I, and conse-quently the Eastern Front, resulted from the German war plan of 1914. However, Eighth Army’s operations in East Prussia did not adhere to the plan’s original course of action. Although outnum-bered, the Imperial German Army successfully and overwhelming-
Appendix 1: Primary source and background documents
Presented by the German Ambassador to St. Petersburg The Imperial German Government have used every effort since the beginning of the crisis to bring about a peaceful settlement. In compliance with a wish expressed to him by His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, the German Emperor had undertaken, in concert with Great Britain, the part of
German Navies from 1848 to 2016: Their Development and …
Imperial German Navy (IGN) came from all parts of Germany, and the fleet be-came, as Tirpitz (see below) once put it, a “melting pot of teutonicism ”12 However, until 1897 the navy’s development was overshadowed by that of the army The navy’s contributions to the wars against Denmark in 1864, Austria in
THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMY, 1725-1796 - Springer
THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMY, 1725-1796 Bruce W Menning THE MODERN RUSSIAN MILITARY TRADITION WAS BORN in the era of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. ... (1730-40) and aleader of the Baltic German faction at court, who sought to introduce the Prussian military system into Russia. The second, in part a
The Nationalist Fleet: Radical Nationalism and The Imperial …
The Imperial German Navy from Unification to 1914 Evan Park Introduction During the two decades prior to the start of World War I, Germany engaged in one of the greatest naval buildups in history. In doing so, Germany was transformed from a strictly ... The German Army was steeped in centuries-old Prussian tradition; whereas the navy was a ...
The Anti-Armour Capability Gap - Australian Army
an exception to the rules of causality, the Imperial German Army engaged in an arms race to develop a weapon against these tanks. So it was, in May through September 1918, German companies, Mauser and Rheinmetall, produced the Mauser 13mm AT rifle and the 37mm Tankabwehrkanone (TAK) Rheinmetall [7]. These weapons would see little action, as the ...
M2087 S G D F A E F (W I) - National Archives
38; records of German army group and most army-level commands, as Case No. 13-2, Folder Nos. 1–57; and records of remaining army-level commands, all designated army detachments (Armee Abteilungen), and most army corps-level commands, as Case No. 13-3, Folder Nos. 1–55. The documents within each folder were arranged chronologically.
THE recent controversy over Germany's war aims during …
Imperial German Navy, 1914-1918 HOLGER H. HERWIG War I has centered primarily around the positions taken by the THE recent controversy over Germany's war aims during World Kaiser, the Foreign Office, and the army high command.1 The views ofthe navy have been largely neglected. This is unfortunate be?
Strategy in a microcosm: Processes of tactical learning in a …
Americans, attribute superior tactical capabilities to the imperial contingent army and its leadership elites in an almost glorifying manner when compared to their opponents. ... western opponents still considered it one of the German army’s first-class divisions in 1918.8 First, the the general characteristics of the process of modification ...
Operational Command in the Franco-Prussian War - DTIC
Operational Command in the Franco-Prussian War ARTHUR T. COUMBE War erupted between France and a confederation of German states led by Prussia in July 1870. Within a month of the war's first major battle (Wissembourg, 4 August 1870), the French imperial army had been neutral
A Brief History of Aviation Session 2 - George Mason University
Imperial German Army Air Service • The first military aircraft to be acquired by the German Army entered service in 1910 -forming the nucleus of what was to become the Luftstreitkräfte in October 1916. • During the war, the Imperial Army Air Service utilized a wide variety of aircraft, ranging from fighters (such
Handbook on German army identification - Internet Archive
HANDBOOK ON GERMAN ARMY IDENTIFICATION . Section I. General. Paragraph . Identification of German military and semi¬ military organizations_ 1 . II. German Order of Battle. Definition_ 2 . Purpose and scope_ 3 . III. The German Army (Das Deutsche Heer). Uniforms and equipment_ 4 . German Army identifications of specialists_ 5
About the history and origin of the German imperial eagle
army, the Roman rule, even the Roman Empire. The emperors liked to adorn themselves with it, also because this animal ... Probably the oldest known German imperial seal with an eagle is from 1157 AD and belonged to Duke Berthold IV of Zähringen, one of the most influential dukes in Swabia (Figure 1). The use of the eagle in the seal was ...
The Dynamics of Doctrine: The Changes in German Tactical …
In the Imperial German Army on the western front, the Army High Command (die Qberste Heeresleitung, hereafter called OHL) changed tactical doctrine significantly on two occasions. In the winter of 1916-17 OHL adopted a new defensive doctrine which described an elastic defense-in-depth in response to the Allied offensive tactics during 1916 ...
The use of flight in the African campaigns of World War 1
8 JOEO Mahncke, ‘Aircraft operations in the German colonies, 1911-1916: The Fliegtruppe of the Imperial German Army’ in South Africa Military History Journal, 12:2 (2001) 9 TNA: AIR 1/1247/204/7/4; Detail on East Africa is sourced from Peter Dye’s articles in Cross and Cockade unless otherwise specified.
Steel Helmet | International Encyclopedia of the First World …
German Pickelhaube (spiked helmet) to the British pith helmet. The Pickelhaube, made of boiled ... After significant testing, the Imperial German Army fielded the Stahlhelm, or steel helmet, at first in limited numbers to stormtroopers at the Battle of Verdun in February 1916. It proved successful and was in general issue on the Western Front by
Intelligence in World War I - AFIO
their imperial overlords in London, Paris and St. Petersburg. World War I saw significant changes in espio-nage. While many espionage operations—notably ... GHQ and the German Army, 1916-1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) goes a long way toward rehabilitating BEF intelligence and its leader General John Charteris. Two
Organization of the German Infantry Battalion 1938 to 1945
German Infantry Battalion structure and terminology The German Army had its own vocabulary for unit designations, which does not easily translate to familiar British or US Army terms. For the purposes of this study, the following equivalents have been used. German British (Br) or US nearest equivalent Gruppe Section (Br), Squad (US)
THERE can be little doubt that the German military leadership …
346 German-Italian Military Relations accorded military institutions in imperial Germany as compared with republican France. Nor was the army the only area of Italian life that reflected a strong German influence in this period. Asquith, the British prime minister, pointed out the "carefully organized and ever growing German in?
Imperial German Colonial and Overseas Troops 1885–1918
were stationed in German East Africa, 12 companies in Cameroon, and 9 companies in German Southwest Africa (Togo did not have a Schutztruppe, but only a paramilitary police force). The Schutztruppe in each colony was led by officer and NCO volunteers from the Imperial Army and Navy, and in Southwest Africa
Germany: The Prussian Army and Bismarck - JSTOR
1807 and an assessment of the German officers' responsibility for Hitler's rise to power and subsequent resort to war fill out the chronological promise of the subtitle. Throughout, it is the in-fluence of the Prussian army (after 1871 the Prussian-German army) *1. Gordon A. Craig: The Politics of the Prussian Army 1640-1945. (New
Campaign for the German Imperial Constitution - Marxists …
German Imperial Constitution Written: August 1849-April 1850; Source: MECW Volume 10, p. 147-239; ... army, the bureaucracy and the feudal nobility and where the bourgeoisie, in spite of the continued existence of constitutional forms, only plays …
Imperial Infantry Handbook - admissions.piedmont.edu
Imperial German Army Handbook, 1914-1918 David Nash,1980 Imperial Munitorum Manual Graham McNeill,2007-11-13 In the style of a military weapons catalogue, this text features over 60 entries on weapons, kit and equipment utilised by the Imperial Guard, as well as details about the organisation that provides it, the Departmento Munitorum.
The Roman Army Now - JSTOR
German project, and for decades it has prevailed. Sometimes it was nearly forgotten that, ultimately, the emperor paid the Roman army not to flourish in camps and fructify in organization, but to fight. Increasingly archaeology was drawn in-in English. Graham Webster's The Roman Imperial Army (1969[19792; 19853]) typifies the
Allied Propaganda and the Collapse of German Morale in …
Jan 1, 2017 · U.S. Army; second, the efforts on the part of Germany at counter-propaganda; third, the desertions among the enemy troops; and fourth, German Army Orders dealing with propaganda. The Psychological Subsection of the U.S. Army kept a closer watch on the morale of the German troops than any of the
The Imperial German Navy and Social Democracy, 1878 …
The Imperial German Navy and Social Democracy, 1878-1897 Lawrence Sondhaus University of Indianapolis For over half a century, historians treating the subject of naval expansion under Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz and Emperor William II have argued that the fleet program initiated in the Navy Law of 1898 served as the focal point of "social
World War I Field Gun - Collingwood Historical Society Inc
Manufactured by the German firm Krupp in 1915, this 150 mm Heavy Field Howitzer became the Imperial German Army’s principal gun of battle in World War I. Australian soldiers respected this weapon for the damage it was capable of inflicting on front line trenches and on artillery batteries behind the front lines.
The Nationalist Fleet: Radical Nationalism and The Imperial …
The Imperial German Navy from Unification to 1914 Evan Park Introduction During the two decades prior to the start of World War I, Germany engaged in one of the greatest naval buildups in history. In doing so, Germany was transformed from a strictly ... The German Army was steeped in centuries-old Prussian tradition; whereas the navy was a ...
THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMY, 1725-1796 - Springer
THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMY, 1725-1796 Bruce W Menning THE MODERN RUSSIAN MILITARY TRADITION WAS BORN in the era of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. ... (1730-40) and aleader of the Baltic German faction at court, who sought to introduce the Prussian military system into Russia. The second, in part a
Losing Faith in Civilization: The German Occupation of …
within a larger German imperial structure. These German imperialists confidently argued that, so long as Poles were guaranteed political and cultural self-governance, they would accept German leadership as a legitimate and necessary safeguard of their own autonomy. From 1914-1916, the leaders of the German imperial government and military ...
The Evolution of the General Staff - JSTOR
Jan 9, 2017 · the German Army, as Washington stated, has been our "first military school," and ever since the days of von Steuben at Valley Forge, American military leaders have closely watched German military thought and development and have often adopted German military organization and tactical methods.23 Furthermore, the Prussian staff served as a model
Haigs Enemy Crown Prince Rupprecht And Germanys War On …
During the First World War, the British army's most consistent German opponent was Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria. Haigs Enemy Crown Prince Rupprecht And Germanys War … Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria. Commanding more than a million men as a General, and then Field Marshal, in the Imperial German Army, he held off the attacks of the British
Military Badges Of Imperial Russia Part I Badges Of Line …
Imperial Russia Part I Badges Of Line Infantry Regiments Catalogue Price List 2nd Edition 2014 Part I Badges Of Line ... Collection German Army Ranks 1939-1945 WW2 German Badge Cleaning and Restoration Insignia count about 83 German shoulder board collection BOOK- 11 of 38 The Last Battle, audiobook by
A Genius For War The German Army And General Staff 1807 …
The German Army and General Staff, 1807-1945, and assesses the book's merit as an objective/unbiased analysis of the German Army and General Staff. The analysis compares Dupuy's assertions on the value of the General Staff concept to ... predecessor states, and the kingdoms and principalities that combined to form Imperial Germany in 1871. The ...
A World of Enemies: New Perspectives on German Military …
A bsolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany. By Isabel V Hull. Ithaca and London: Cornell University - Press. 2005. Pp. xi + 384. $45.00. ISBN 0-8014-4258-3. ... German history, stipulated that Germany's geographical position in central Europe, its territorial and political fragmentation rooted in the ...
A Contrary Japanese Army Intelligence Officer (U) - The …
the Imperial Military Academy. 'While he ultimately led troops in the Field, assuming command of the 33rd Division in China in March 1945, Tatsumi spent most of his career in the Army as an intelligence officer. After graduating with honors from the Army War College in November 1925, Tatsumi spent his postgradu-ate year in England. He returned to
Better Now Than Later Jack Snyder
the German army alone. Austria wanted to ªght because Germany had given it a blank check to help solve its endemic, existential security problems in ... Helmuth von Moltke, quoted in Helmut Haessler, General William Groener and the Imperial German Army (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1962), p. 50.
Zeppelin (Airship) | International Encyclopedia of the First …
Jan 25, 2019 · fleet, while the German army employed them for reconnaissance. The Royal Naval Air Service successfully used airships for maritime surveillance and anti-submarine reconnaissance. Airships of ... The Imperial German Staff therefore turned to airplanes, such as the “giant” and Gotha bombers, which could attack both in the day and in the night.
The Survival of the Habsburg Empire. Radetzky, the Imperial …
Radetzky, the Imperial Army and the Class War, 1848. Longman, London and New York, 1979. 289 p. A book of promising title written by Alan Sked, lecturer of the London School of Economics has ... studies published in English, French, German, Italian and even in Hungarian. Besides the Austrian-Italian military events he also deals with the ...
Military Badges Of Imperial Russia Part I Badges Of Line …
presence of strong Imperial German elements still under arms, and by war between various factions in the Ukraine. This Southern ... The Russian Imperial Army, 1796-1917 Lulu.com A comprehensive diplomatic and military history of the Russian conquest of Central Asia, spanning the whole of the nineteenth ...
Organizational History of 200th through 370th German …
German Infantry, Security, and Panzer Grenadier Divisions. Organizations and Histories. 1939-1945. 1. 200th Ersatz Division: Formed on 6/1/40 in Poland as part of the recruit processing organization of the German army. The division had: 1/,2/,3/,4/201st Field Recruit Regiment . 1/,2/,3/,4/224th Field Recruit Regiment . 200th Artillery Battalion ...
Development of Operational Thinking in the German Army in …
Second World War, the German army felt compelled to develop a method of defense which matched the availability of munitions available and its shortage of resources. While the 3 OHL connected the experiences of the frontline forces with its own ideas about mobile defense due to the severe losses suffered, Hitler reacted like Falkenhayn in ...
Krupp and the Imperial German Navy, 1898-1914: A …
Nov 29, 2023 · Krupp and the Imperial German Navy, 1898-1914: A Reassessment Michael Epkenhans THE best-known and most notorious case of military-industrial rela- tions in Imperial Germany remains the relationship between the ... centuries, even a huge standing army was a blunt weapon if it could not rely upon a modern and effective armaments industry.4 ...
Leavenworth Paper No
authority. In the Imperial German Army on the western front, the Army High Command (die Oberste Heeresleitung, hereafter called OHL) changed tactical doctrine significantly on two occasions. In the winter of 1916-17 OHL adopted a new defensive doctrine which described an elastic defense -in-depth in response to the Allied offensive
