Hebrewisms Of West Africa

The Intriguing Echoes of Hebrew: Exploring Hebrewisms in West Africa

Introduction:

Have you ever wondered about the hidden connections between seemingly disparate cultures? This blog post delves into a fascinating area of linguistic and historical inquiry: the presence of Hebrewisms in West African languages. We'll explore the surprising echoes of Hebrew vocabulary and grammatical structures found within various West African linguistic groups, examining potential explanations for their existence and dispelling common misconceptions. Get ready to uncover a captivating story of cultural exchange and linguistic influence that challenges conventional historical narratives. This comprehensive guide will provide insights into the evidence supporting these claims, the theories attempting to explain them, and the ongoing scholarly debate surrounding this intriguing phenomenon.

The Evidence for Hebrewisms in West Africa: A Linguistic Investigation

The assertion of Hebrew influence in West African languages isn't a fringe theory. Scholars have pointed to a number of linguistic features as evidence for this connection. These "Hebrewisms" aren't necessarily direct borrowings of entire words, but rather similarities in root words, grammatical structures, and even cultural concepts reflected in language.

Lexical Similarities:

Several researchers have documented lexical similarities between Hebrew and various West African languages. This isn't about perfect matches, but rather about shared semantic roots suggesting possible historical contact. For instance, words related to religious practices, family structures, and agriculture have shown surprising parallels. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that these similarities require rigorous comparative analysis to account for potential coincidences or independent developments.

Grammatical Parallels:

Beyond vocabulary, some scholars suggest parallels in grammatical structures. This is a more complex area of investigation, as grammatical systems are deeply ingrained in language and less susceptible to direct borrowing. Nonetheless, certain grammatical features, particularly concerning verb conjugation and the use of particles, have sparked debate and further research.

Challenges in Interpretation:

It's vital to approach this topic with academic rigor. The identification of Hebrewisms in West African languages faces significant challenges. These include the complexities of language evolution, the possibility of coincidental similarities, and the lack of extensive historical records from the relevant time periods. Furthermore, the process of linguistic borrowing is rarely a straightforward one-to-one transfer. Words often adapt and change significantly over time within their new linguistic environment.

Theories Explaining the Presence of Hebrewisms

Several theories attempt to explain the presence of Hebrewisms in West African languages. Each theory requires careful consideration and further investigation.

The Transatlantic Slave Trade Hypothesis:

One commonly discussed theory links the presence of Hebrewisms to the transatlantic slave trade. This theory suggests that Hebrew-speaking individuals, possibly Sephardic Jews involved in the trade, might have had contact with West African communities, leading to linguistic exchange. However, this theory requires more robust evidence to support the scale of such interaction and its potential impact on the languages involved.

Ancient Migration Theories:

Another perspective suggests that the similarities reflect contact from much earlier periods, possibly involving ancient migrations or trade routes connecting the regions centuries ago. This theory requires a deep dive into archaeological and historical evidence, which is often scarce or difficult to interpret definitively.

The Role of Coincidence and Linguistic Universals:

Finally, it's important to acknowledge the role of coincidence and linguistic universals. Certain linguistic patterns might emerge independently in different language families, making the identification of true borrowings challenging. This highlights the importance of rigorous comparative linguistics and careful consideration of alternative explanations.

Ongoing Research and Future Directions

The study of Hebrewisms in West African languages is a dynamic and ongoing area of research. Further investigations using sophisticated computational linguistics, comparative philology, and deeper historical research are needed to solidify the existing findings and provide more definitive conclusions. Collaborative projects involving linguists, historians, and archaeologists are crucial in advancing our understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.

Conclusion: A Continuing Linguistic Puzzle

The presence of potential Hebrewisms in West African languages presents a compelling linguistic puzzle. While the definitive extent of Hebrew influence remains a subject of scholarly debate, the available evidence suggests a more complex history of cultural interaction than previously acknowledged. Further research is vital to unravel the mysteries of these linguistic echoes and refine our understanding of the interconnectedness of human history and language evolution. This research has the potential to reshape our understanding of the historical connections between Africa and other parts of the world, challenging traditional narratives and opening up new avenues for exploration.

FAQs:

1. Are there specific West African languages with a higher concentration of suspected Hebrewisms?

Research suggests some languages within the Niger-Congo family have shown more apparent similarities, but more work is needed to definitively quantify this.

2. What are the main methodological challenges in studying this topic?

The primary challenges include the scarcity of historical documentation, the complexity of linguistic evolution, and distinguishing between genuine borrowings and coincidental similarities.

3. Are there any specific words or phrases that are frequently cited as examples of potential Hebrewisms in West African languages?

While specific examples exist within academic papers, mentioning them here requires rigorous verification and is best left to detailed scholarly works to prevent misinterpretations.

4. How does the study of Hebrewisms in West Africa contribute to our broader understanding of linguistic and cultural history?

It challenges existing narratives of isolated cultural development, highlighting potential historical interactions and migrations that have left subtle but significant linguistic traces.

5. Where can I find more information about ongoing research in this area?

Academic journals specializing in African linguistics and historical linguistics are the best resources for up-to-date research and scholarly debate. Searching for keywords like "West African linguistics," "Hebrew loanwords," and "Niger-Congo comparative linguistics" will yield relevant results.


  hebrewisms of west africa: Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams, 1999 In this massive work, Joseph J. Williams documents the Hebraic practices, customs, and beliefs, which he found among the people of Jamaica and the Ashanti of West Africa. He initially examines the close relationship between the Jamaican and the Ashanti cultures and the folk beliefs. He then studies the language and culture of the Ashanti (of whom many Jamaicans have descended) by comparing them to well known and established Hebraic traditions. William's findings suggest stunning similarities. And, he challenges the reader by concluding that Hebraic traditions must have swept across negro Africa and left its influence among the various tribes. While Williams presents a strong case, his evidence, including hundreds of quoted sources, also builds a strong case for the reverse--that an indigenous, continent-wide belief system among African people stands at the very root of Hebrew culture and Western religion. First published in 1931 and long out-of-print, today's reader will find Hebrewisms a valuable resource for understanding the cultural unity of African people.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams, 2013-10 This is a new release of the original 1930 edition.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph John Williams, 1930
  hebrewisms of west africa: Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams, 2023-01-11 In this massive work, Joseph J. Williams documents the Hebraic practices, customs, and beliefs, which he found among the people of Jamaica and the Ashanti of West Africa. He initially examines the close relationship between the Jamaican and the Ashanti cultures and the folk beliefs. He then studies the language and culture of the Ashanti (of whom many Jamaicans have descended) by comparing them to well known and established Hebraic traditions. William's findings suggest stunning similarities. And, he challenges the reader by concluding that Hebraic traditions must have swept across negro Africa and left its influence among the various tribes. While Williams presents a strong case, his evidence, including hundreds of quoted sources, also builds a strong case for the reverse - that an indigenous, continent-wide belief system among African people stands at the very root of Hebrew culture and Western religion. First published in 1931 and long out-of-print, today's reader will find Hebrewisms a valuable resource for understanding the cultural unity of African people.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Black Jews in Africa and the Americas Tudor Parfitt, 2013-02-04 Black Jews in Africa and the Americas tells the fascinating story of how the Ashanti, Tutsi, Igbo, Zulu, Beta Israel, Maasai, and many other African peoples came to think of themselves as descendants of the ancient tribes of Israel. Pursuing medieval and modern European race narratives over a millennium in which not only were Jews cast as black but black Africans were cast as Jews, Tudor Parfitt reveals a complex history of the interaction between religious and racial labels and their political uses. For centuries, colonialists, travelers, and missionaries, in an attempt to explain and understand the strange people they encountered on the colonial frontier, labeled an astonishing array of African tribes, languages, and cultures as Hebrew, Jewish, or Israelite. Africans themselves came to adopt these identities as their own, invoking their shared histories of oppression, imagined blood-lines, and common traditional practices as proof of a racial relationship to Jews. Beginning in the post-slavery era, contacts between black Jews in America and their counterparts in Africa created powerful and ever-growing networks of black Jews who struggled against racism and colonialism. A community whose claims are denied by many, black Jews have developed a strong sense of who they are as a unique people. In Parfitt’s telling, forces of prejudice and the desire for new racial, redemptive identities converge, illuminating Jewish and black history alike in novel and unexplored ways.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Finding Gad Rabbi Yehudah "Tochukwu" ben Shomeyr, 2015-06-10 This book regarding the Identity of the Biblical Tribe of Gad is the result of the accumulation of years of careful and tedious Scriptural, Rabbinic, Historical, Cultural, Linguistic, and Archeological and first hand research. This is by no means an exhaustive work, but is designed for scholar and laymen alike to be a confirming witness to the many other books about the Igbo-Israel connection that came before this. Look into the claims and evidences and decide for yourself if we are not on the cusp of seeing prophecy being fulfilled before our very eyes. The Lost Tribes are being found and desire to come Home to Israel! In the Service to YHWH, the Elohim of Israel,
  hebrewisms of west africa: Undeniable: Full Color Evidence of Black Israelites In The Bible Dante Fortson, “Then they fasted that day, and put on sackcloth, and cast ashes upon their heads, and rent their clothes, and laid open the book of the law, wherein the heathen had sought to paint the likeness of their images.” - 1 Maccabees 3:47-48 Undeniable is the perfect outreach tool to connect with anyone that is skeptical of the claim that the Israelites of the Bible are were black, and have always been black. This is first and foremost an outreach tool, but it also makes a great gift for anyone that wants to see the hard evidence. + Full Color Images + Minimal Commentary + Designed To Start The Conversation Inside of the book you'll find: + Maps + Paintings + Statues + Explorer Journal Entries + Memorandum To The President of The United States All of the evidence adds up to the fact that there was a multi national conspiracy to kidnap, enslave, and hide the true history of Negroes scattered all over the world through the Transatlantic Slave Trade. There has been a conscious concerted effort to steer people away from the truth that Israel fled into Africa in 70 A.D. and still inhabits many areas of the continent.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Medieval West Africa Nehemia Levtzion, Jay Spaulding, 2003 From the 9th to the 15th century Arab travellers and observers produced a rich literature in West Africa. An annotated translation of this body of work is found in Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. This title is a simplified form of this corpus for students.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Jews of Nigeria William F. S. Miles, 2013 Africa's newest Jewish community of note is in Nigeria, where upwards of twenty thousand Igbos are commonly claimed to have adopted Judaism. Bolstered by customs recalling an Israelite ancestry, but embracing rabbinic Judaism, they are also the world's first 'Internet Jews'. William Miles has spent over three decades conducting research in West Africa. He shares life stories from this spiritually passionate community, as well as his own Judaic reflections as he celebrates Hanukka and a bar mitzvah with 'Jubos' in Abuja, the capital of Nigeria.
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Hebrew Heritage of Black Africa Steven Jacobs, Moses Farrar, 2016
  hebrewisms of west africa: First-Century Christians in Twenty-First Century Africa Nathan P. Devir, 2022-02-28 Millions of African Christians who consider themselves genealogical descendants of one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel—in other words, Jewish by ethnicity, but Christian in terms of faith—are increasingly choosing a religious affiliation that honors both of these identities. Their choice: Messianic Judaism. Messianic adherents emulate the Christians of the first century, observing the Jewish commandments while also affirming the salvational grace of Yeshua (Jesus). As the first comparative ethnography of such fulfilled Jews on the African continent, this book presents case studies that will enrich our understanding of one of global Christianity’s most overlooked iterations.
  hebrewisms of west africa: From Babylon to Timbuktu Rudolph Windsor, 2023-11-02
  hebrewisms of west africa: Africa Basil Davidson, 1972
  hebrewisms of west africa: Black Zion Yvonne Patricia Chireau, Nathaniel Deutsch, 2000 This is an exploration of the interaction between African American religions and Jewish traditions, beliefs, and spaces. The collection's argument is that religion is the missing piece of the cultural jigsaw, and black-Jewish relations need the religious roots of their problem illuminated.
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Black Jews of Africa Edith Bruder, Research Associate School of Oriental and African Studies Edith Bruder, 2008-06-05 This book presents, one by one, the different groups of Black Jews in Western central, eastern, and southern Africa and the ways in which they have used and imagined their oral history and traditional customs to construct a distinct Jewish identity. It explores the ways in which Africans have interacted with the ancient mythological sub-strata of both western and African ideas of Judaism.--Résumé de l'éditeur.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Ibos: Hebrew Exiles from Israel: Reprinting O. Alaezi, 2013-12-20 The Hebrew's (Nation of Yisrael) have been scattered throughout the world. The Worldly system has suppressed who the Hebrew's (the twelve tribes) are for many years. It has been a well-known fact that they were part of the Atlantic slave trade, among other persecutions that have been recorded throughout history. The interesting thing is at some point History has become His-story. People, governments, the education system have gone through great lengths to hide a lot of history. A professor out of Nigeria did an extensive research to locate some of ancient Hebrews. His book called the Ibos has created a lot of controversy, and his book has been rejected to enter into the U.S. One has to reason, why are they not allowing this information out for those that desire to learn more about the people of the scriptures? We have decided to reprint this book and share his research with those who desire to learn about what happen to part of the Hebrews in history. This is not an attack on any race at all. This is to bring some clarity on some things that have been suppressed for years, and to help Israel wake up and understand who they are. This is a must have in your library. We pray this book gives you an appreciation for what this Professor has done in hope to learn some true history. There is more to this story. We will in the future do a revised version of this book to give more history about the ancient Hebrews that has been called the 10 lost tribes, as well as the tribe of Judah (Yahudah).
  hebrewisms of west africa: A History of the Greek Language Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, 2005-10-01 A History of the Greek Language is a kaleidoscopic collection of ideas on the development of the Greek language through the centuries of its existence.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Psychic Phenomena of Jamaica Joseph J. Williams, 2021-01-01 Psychic Phenomena of Jamaica is a book that is the result of the author spending time in Jamaica and gathering together the material that exists within it, from unique sources such as contemporary newspapers, legal archives, and early accounts. Chapters include Ashanti cultural influence in Jamaica, Jamaican witchcraft, applied magic, ghosts, poltergeists and funeral customs.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Lost Tribes and Promised Lands Ronald Sanders, 1978 A study of the roots of America's racism that examines the Spanish, Portuguese, English, and French colonial movements of the Age of Discovery, focusing on the explorers' perceptions of the native races they encountered in Africa and the Americas. The racial attitudes that would govern the fate of Blacks and [Native Americans] on American soil were forged in this area. This book is the first study to place this confrontation squarely at the center of a history of racism in American civilization... Sanders is at all times sensitive to the myriad cultural and religious strains -- Christian, Judaic, folkloric, mystical -- that informed the Europeans' first and subsequent reactions to other races.--From book jacket.
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Soul of Judaism Bruce D. Haynes, 2018-08-14 Explores the full diversity of Black Jews, including bi-racial Jews of both matrilineal and patrilineal descent; adoptees; black converts to Judaism; and Black Hebrews and Israelites, who trace their Jewish roots to Africa and challenge the dominant western paradigm of Jews as white and of European descent. The book showcases the lives of Black Jews, demonstrating that racial ascription has been shaping Jewish selfhood for centuries. It reassesses the boundaries between race and ethnicity, offering insight into how ethnicity can be understood only in relation to racialization and the one-drop rule. Within this context, Black Jewish individuals strive to assert their dual identities and find acceptance within their communities. Putting to rest the notion that Jews are white and the Black Jews are therefore a contradiction, the volume argues that we cannot pigeonhole Black Hebrews and Israelites as exotic, militant, and nationalistic sects outside the boundaries of mainstream Jewish thought and community life. it spurs us to consider the significance of the growing population of self-identified Black Jews and its implications for the future of American Jewry.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Message to the People Marcus Garvey, 2023-09-11 Message to the People by Marcus Garvey is a significant and inspirational collection of essays and speeches by one of the most influential figures in the Pan-African and Black nationalist movements of the early 20th century. This thought-provoking work encapsulates Garvey's visionary ideas and his impassioned call for the unity, pride, and self-determination of people of African descent worldwide. Garvey's eloquent and passionate prose emphasizes the importance of self-reliance, cultural awareness, and the creation of a collective African identity to combat racial oppression and colonialism. Through this collection, readers gain profound insights into Garvey's enduring impact on the global struggle for civil rights, social justice, and the empowerment of marginalized communities. Message to the People remains a timeless testament to Marcus Garvey's commitment to uplifting and mobilizing African diaspora communities, making it essential reading for those interested in the history of the African diaspora and the ongoing quest for equality and empowerment.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Black People who Made the Old West William Loren Katz, 1992 Biographical sketches of thirty-five black people who explored and settled the frontiers of the early United States.
  hebrewisms of west africa: When Blacks Ruled Greece and Rome Rufus O Jimerson, 2019-04-08 The purpose of this book is to resurrect the truth regarding the original black founders and developers of Greek and Roman Civilizations from being buries by whitewashing which falsely accredited Indo-Europeans. The book, in doing so, examines the extent of the Global African Civilization which was plagiarized by Aryan Greeks and Romans. It dispels the myth that these foundations of Western Civilization were homogenous and white. They were multiracial and multicultural societies until their identities were transformed by the hordes of white barbarians who became a majority in Rome and Athens by the 4th century of the Christian Era (CE) or After the Death of Christ (AD). Black migrants from Africa brought Kemetian civilization from the Nile Valley out of Kush and Nubia (Modern day Sudan, Ethiopia, Somali, and Egypt) to establish Athens, other Greek city-states, and Rome on the Italian peninsula. The focal point of the growth of civilization in the Mediterrean region that would reach all continents was trade, commerce, and ensuing acquisition of wealth accrued by African maritime empires and that of Kemet (Early Egypt), both of which grew from colonies established by Kush. The latter empire mined gold used to finance ship building, exploration, building cities, employing mercenaries, and promoting reading and writing to cultivate invention, as well as record and codify business transactions and laws. The pattern for growth and spread of civilization began with trade between trading posts and empires with the latter their becoming colonies. These colonies would become independent city-states and grow into empires themselves by establishing markets for trade and turning them into colonies. The cyclical pattern of development was ruled by Black Africans and their direct descendants for more than 3,000 years before the onset of the Aryan-dominated Christian Era. The focus of this book is antiquity prior to the Aryan invasion of civilization which initiated the Middle Ages or Dark Ages and setbacks in the West that lasted a millennium until the Renaissance was built on rediscovery of the African Mystery System.The research unveiled demonstrates that Greece and Rome were multiracial societies. Their identity was stolen by Eurasian barbarians who flooded the empire during the era when Serapis was transformed from Horus to Jesus Christ and Christianity became the state religion of the Roman empire. This transformation at the end of this book began with the Council of Nicaea. This book focuses on antiquity beginning about 3,000 B.C., when Ancient African Empires ruled civilization on all continents building markets, trading goods, accruing wealth, spreading literacy, and building pyramids.
  hebrewisms of west africa: 100 Years of Lynchings Ralph Ginzburg, 1996-11 The hidden past of racial violence is illuminated in this skillfully selected compendium of articles from a wide range of papers large and small, radical and conservative, black and white. Through these pieces, readers witness a history of racial atrocities and are provided with a sobering view of American history.
  hebrewisms of west africa: We the Black Jews Yosef Ben-Jochannan, 1993 Dr. Ben destroys the myth of a white Jewish race and the bigotry that has denied the existence of an African Jewish culture. He establishes the legitimacy of contemporary Black Jewish culture in Africa and the diaspora and predates its origin before ancient Nile Valley civilizations.
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Ancient Black Hebrews Gert Muller, 2019-02 What ethnic group did Abraham and his family belong to? What colour was this ethnic group? Does the Bible say they looked like Cushites? Are there pictures of this ethnic group from the time of Abraham? All of these questions are fully answered in this book and the pictures are shown!!!
  hebrewisms of west africa: Hiding The Hebrews: Did America Kidnap The Lost Tribes of Israel? Dante Fortson, Are the tribes of Israel really lost or were they hidden as prophesied in Psalms 83? The Bible seems to indicate a multi national conspiracy to hide Israel and wipe out the memory of who they really are. If this is true, then history as we know it has been hijacked, and it is only through searching that we will find the truth. In this book, you'll find the answers to the following questions, just to name a few: Why does a 1747 English map place the tribe of Judah on the slave coast of Africa? Why do slave ledgers show slaves being registered with Hebrew names fresh off of the ships? Why did slaves sing songs in Hebrew and call out to Yah for help? Why did Christ mention the slavery of Israel as a sign of the end of the age? Are the times of the Gentiles coming to an end? If you are 100% honest with yourself as you find the answers to these questions, your eyes will be opened. If you’re ready to start this eye opening adventure through scripture then keep reading. ISRAEL IS STILL A NATION TO GOD AND ALWAYS WILL BE! “Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name: If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever. Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.” – Jeremiah 31:35-37
  hebrewisms of west africa: Timbuctoo the Mysterious Félix Dubois, 1897 Special Envoy of Figaro, Felix Dubois, left Dakar in 1896 and traveled into Mali by train to the end of the line (just after Kayes), and then on foot and horseback to Bamako and in pinnace from Koulikoro to Timbuktu. He describes Bamako, Segou but extremely long Djenne and Timbuktu, focusing on economic and cultural activities, collecting manuscripts and bringing a unique iconography (including photos of Fort Segou, a plan and reconstruction of the old mosque Jenne already been lost and not rebuilt); fundamental evidence on Mali in the early hours of colonization. Dubois resumed (from North) this journey of 15 years later and thus engaged in an assessment of changes. The merit of Felix Jones is to have transcribed the path to that goal, in a masterly text drawn from the sources of the bush, heat and space. His style made great reporter of the late nineteenth century, teeming with anecdotes. With the text researched and documented, it earned him then to be crowned by the French Academy.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Scandal and Silence Robert M. Entman, 2013-08-26 This timely and engaging book challenges the conventional wisdom on media and scandal in the United States. The common view holds that media crave and actively pursue scandals whenever they sense corruption. Scandal and Silence argues for a different perspective. Using case studies from the period 1988-2008, it shows that: Media neglect most corruption, providing too little, not too much scandal coverage; Scandals arise from rational, controlled processes, not emotional frenzies - and when scandals happen, it’s not the media but governments and political parties that drive the process and any excesses that might occur; Significant scandals are indeed difficult for news organizations to initiate and harder for them to maintain and bring to appropriate closure; For these reasons cover-ups and lying often work, and truth remains essentially unrecorded, unremembered. Sometimes, bad behavior stimulates an avalanche of media attention with demonstrable political consequences, yet other times, equally shoddy activity receives little notice. This book advances a theoretical model to explain these differences, revealing an underlying logic to what might seem arbitrary and capricious journalism. Through case studies of the draft and military scandals involving Dan Quayle, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton and John Kerry; alleged sexual misconduct of politicians including but not limited to Clinton; and questionable financial dealings of Clinton and George W Bush, the book builds a new understanding of media scandals which will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the relationship between media and democracy today.
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Queen of Sheba and Biblical Scholarship Bernard Leeman, 2015-07-21 This book examines evidence connected with the life of Queen of Sheba, including the Sabaean inscription on the Ethiopian plateau, aspects of the Ancient West Arabian language, and geographical references in Ge'ez Kebra Nagast to offer a third alternative. It argues that the Old Testament is an accurate account but its events took place in West Arabia, not Palestine. It suggests that scholars are unwilling to consider such a strong possibility because, if true, it would not only completely undermine the raison d'être of the State of Israel but also force a total reassessment of Biblical, Arabian, and North East African history. Professional archaeology in the Holy Land dates from the 1920s and has been characterized by Jewish and Christian attempts to substantiate the Biblical record. While evidence has been unearthed that supports the account of the post-Babylonian captivity, well-known archaeologists such as Kenyon, Pritchard, Thompson, Glock, Hertzog, Silberman, and Finkelstein have concluded that the Old Testament is either a fantasy or highly exaggerated. Joshua's invasion of Canaan has been reinterpreted as a peaceful migration and traces have been found of the massive public works allegedly contracted in Jerusalem by Solomon or in Samaria by Omri. If they existed, they would have been little more than petty village headmen with imaginative publicists. This so-called minimalist outlook is fiercely challenged by others who believe that the evidence to support the Old Testament has literally yet to be uncovered. By accepting African traditions in providing a solution to the bitter division in Biblical scholarship, this book ranks with Martin Bernal's Black Athena in its degree of controversy and presenting evidence that most scholars should address.
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Obelisks of Egypt Labib Habachi, Charles Cornell Van Siclen, 1977
  hebrewisms of west africa: A History of the Jews Solomon Grayzel, 1963
  hebrewisms of west africa: Yahushua - The Black Messiah Rabbi Simon Altaf, 2011-01-11 What ethnicity was Yahushua, Jesus of Nazareth and what race of people did He belong to? Is it important that we know His ethnicity? What colour was Moses, King David and King Solomon? We examine and look at the massive fraud perpetrated upon the western nations by the papal clergy to hide the real identity of the true Hebrew Israelite people and race which are being restored in these Last Days. Yahushua said everything will be restored and that includes both His and His people's ethnicity . Would you like to know? It does affect your eternity because you are missing His true message, if you would like to know then get this book now.
  hebrewisms of west africa: Esau-Edom Rome Beneyah Yashar'el, 2019-07-25 Explore the identity of Jacob-Israel, and uncover evidence that reveals the true identity of Esau-Edom. The descendants of Jacob, the Negroes, were once scattered to the four corners of the earth, including into the continents ofAfrica and the Americas through diaspora and slavery. Those who bought and sold the children of Israel to the Americas were the descendants of Esau. Since then, they have played an integral role in the demise of Jacob-Israel. Today, Edom-Rome rules the earth. However, there are many Biblical prophecies relative to Esau-Edom and the role he plays in the last days. Therefore, it is crucial to identify who the descendants of Esau are. This book answers the questions: Who is Esau-Edom? Who are the Edomites? When, Where and How did the Edomites originate in History? and What effect did/does Esau-Edom they have on the chosen people of YAHUAH, the Hebrew Israelites?
  hebrewisms of west africa: War on the Horizon Irritated Genie of Soufeese of Positive Kemetic Visions (PKV), War on the Horizon (WOH), 2005-11
  hebrewisms of west africa: Heal Thyself for Health and Longevity Queen Afua, 2012-11-09
  hebrewisms of west africa: When the World Was Black Part One Supreme Understanding, 2013-02-02 When the World Was Black: The Untold History of the World’s First Civilizations (Volume Two of The Science of Self series) has been published in TWO parts. Why two? Because there are far too many stories that remain untold. We had over 200,000 years of Black history to tell – from the southern tip of Chile to the northernmost isles of Europe – and you can’t do that justice in a 300-page book. So there are two parts, each consisting of 360 pages of groundbreaking history, digging deep into the story of all the world’s original people. Part One covers the Black origins of all the world’s oldest cultures and societies, spanning more than 200,000 years of human history. Part Two tells the stories of the Black men and women who introduced urban civilization to the world over the last 20,000 years, up to the time of European contact. Each part has over 100 helpful maps, graphs, and photos, an 8-page full-color insert in the center, and over 300 footnotes and references for further research. “In this book, you’ll learn about the history of Black people. I don’t mean the history you learned in school, which most likely began with slavery and ended with the Civil Rights Movement. I’m talking about Black history BEFORE that. Long before that. In this book, we’ll cover over 200,000 years of Black history. For many of us, that sounds strange. We can’t even imagine what the Black past was like before the slave trade, much less imagine that such a history goes back 200,000 years or more.” “Part Two covers history from 20,000 years ago to the point of European contact. This is the time that prehistoric cultures grew into ancient urban civilizations, a transition known to historians as the “Neolithic Revolution.”
  hebrewisms of west africa: Voodoos and Obeahs Joseph J. Williams, 2015-12-11 Voodoos and Obeahs offers a careful documentation of the history and ethnography of Voodoo and reveals the connection of both Haitian Voodoo and Jamaican Obeah to snake worship (ophioletreia). In Jamaica, Obeah is the general term to denote those Africans who in the island practice witchcraft or sorcery. Williams includes numerous quotations from rare documents and books on the topic. This work goes into great depth concerning the New World-African connection and is highly recommended if you want a deep understanding of the dramatic historical background of Haitian and Jamaican magic and witchcraft, and the profound influence of imperialism, slavery and racism on its development. Williams is best known for his anthropological writings about African and Caribbean people, which include Whispering of the Caribbean, Whence the Black Irish of Jamaica?, Psychic Phenomena in Jamaica and Africa's God. Preview on www.vamzzz.com
  hebrewisms of west africa: The Religion of the Yorubas Jonathan Olumide Lucas, 1996 An account of the religious beliefs and practices of the Yoruba peoples of Southern Nigeria. Especially in relation to the religion of ancient Egypt. A comprehensive study of Yoruba, including a survey of the major Orishas, the deified spirits of ancestors and other spirits, the minor Orishas, details of priesthood and worship, the Yoruba conception of human beings, magic in Yorubaland, and survival of hieroglyphics, emblems and other symbols.
  hebrewisms of west africa: A History of the Marranos Cecil Roth, 2001
Hebrewisms Of West Africa - content.schooldude.com
Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams,1999 In this massive work Joseph J Williams documents the Hebraic practices customs and beliefs which he found among the people of Jamaica and the Ashanti of West Africa He initially

Hebrewisms Of West Africa Copy - netsec.csuci.edu
Introduction: Have you ever wondered about the hidden connections between seemingly disparate cultures? This blog post delves into a fascinating area of linguistic and historical …

Hebrewism Of West Africa [PDF] - content.schooldude.com
Republics sets out to demonstrate that the Igbos of West Africa the group known and described as the Jews of Africa and Biafrans by many practice a culture and a religion that bring to life …

Hebrewisms Of West Africa 1930 - dev.ijcaonline.org
Holocaust history of relations between Jews and Africans in West and East Africa, perceptions of Nazism in both regions, opinions of World War II, interpretations of the Holocaust, and …

Hebrewisms Of West Africa (book) - atas.impsaj.ms.gov.br
The Hebrew Heritage Of Black Africa Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams,2013-10 This is a new release of the original 1930 edition. The African Origin of Modern Judaism José V. …

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Joseph John Williams (S.J., Le P.),1930 Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams,2023-01-11 In this massive work Joseph J Williams documents the Hebraic practices customs and …

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In The Black Jews of Africa: History, Religion, Identity, Edith Bruder describes the three different kind of Igbo Jews: “the Hebrewists, who consider themselves as ‘pre-talmudic’ Jews on the …

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"Among West African tribes the author discovers many almost unmistakable evi-dences of a Hebrew influence if we are to credit his proofs which on the face of the matter seem almost …

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Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams,1999 In this massive work, Joseph J. Williams documents the Hebraic practices, customs, and beliefs, which he found among the people of …

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Portuguese, and German maps show The Kingdom of Judah located in Africa. + A 1766 Spanish map has Negroland marked as populated by Jews. The reason it is so hard to uncover our …

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Relations between the Hebrew Bible and Africa 89 of the divine king in ritual, were extended to include divine kingship in Africa. The work of Irstam 12 and Patai 13 indicates how the African …

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The most comprehensive study of this pre-Islamic Jewish presence is by, Joseph J. Williams, Hebrewisms of West Africa: From the Nile to Niger with the Jews. New York: Biblo and …

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Hebrewisms, real or apparent, which are to be found among dis-tinctively Negro Tribes in West Africa in general, but particularly among the Ashanti." The objective is to establish "the …

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INTRODUCING SECRET INSIGHTS OF HEBREWISMS OF WEST AFRICA PDF Our book summaries supply much more than a brief overview of the story - we look into the heart of the …

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The African Origin of Modern Judaism José V. Malcioln,1996 This book has a two fold purpose to demonstrate to Black and White Hebrews and Jews their undeniable kinship and to encourage …

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Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. Williams,1999 In this massive work Joseph J …

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Introduction: Have you ever wondered about the hidden connections between seemingly …

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Republics sets out to demonstrate that the Igbos of West Africa the group known and …

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Holocaust history of relations between Jews and Africans in West and East Africa, perceptions …

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The Hebrew Heritage Of Black Africa Hebrewisms of West Africa Joseph J. …