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George Borjas Labor Economics: A Deep Dive into Immigration and the Workforce
Introduction:
The name George Borjas is synonymous with rigorous and often controversial research in labor economics, particularly regarding the impact of immigration on the American workforce. This in-depth analysis delves into Borjas's significant contributions, exploring his key arguments, methodologies, and the ongoing debate surrounding his findings. We'll unpack his influential works, examining both the praise and criticism he receives, ultimately offering a balanced perspective on his significant impact on the field. This post is designed for anyone interested in immigration, labor market dynamics, or the complexities of economic modeling.
H2: Borjas's Core Arguments: A Skeptical Lens on Immigration's Impact
George Borjas consistently emphasizes the potential negative consequences of large-scale immigration, particularly for low-skilled native-born workers. His research frequently highlights the potential for wage depression and increased competition for jobs in certain sectors. He employs sophisticated econometric techniques to analyze the effects of immigration on wages, employment, and other economic indicators. A crucial element of his approach involves controlling for various confounding factors, aiming for a more accurate assessment of immigration's isolated effect.
H3: The Role of Skill and Education
Borjas's work often centers on the skill levels of both immigrants and native-born workers. He argues that immigration disproportionately affects low-skilled workers, leading to increased competition and potentially lower wages for this group. He meticulously differentiates between the impact of high-skilled and low-skilled immigration, suggesting that the former may have different, potentially more positive, economic effects.
H3: The Impact on Wages and Employment
A significant focus of Borjas's research lies in quantifying the impact of immigration on wages and employment levels. His studies often utilize detailed datasets to track changes in these key metrics over time, correlating them with immigration flows. He often employs sophisticated statistical models to isolate the effect of immigration, controlling for other factors like technological change and industry shifts. The results, as we'll see, are frequently the subject of intense debate.
H2: Methodology and Data Sources: Rigorous Analysis, Contested Findings
Borjas's research is characterized by its rigorous methodology. He frequently utilizes large-scale datasets, including census data and longitudinal surveys, providing a robust foundation for his analyses. His expertise in econometrics allows him to employ sophisticated statistical techniques, attempting to isolate the effects of immigration while accounting for various confounding factors. This rigorous approach, however, is not without its critics.
H3: The Challenges of Causal Inference
Establishing causality between immigration and specific economic outcomes is inherently challenging. Borjas's work attempts to address this challenge through sophisticated econometric techniques, but the inherent complexities of the labor market often make definitive conclusions difficult. Critics often point to the limitations of statistical models in capturing the full complexity of human behavior and economic interactions.
H3: Data Limitations and Interpretations
The quality and scope of data used in economic research always impact the conclusions drawn. While Borjas utilizes extensive datasets, the interpretation and selection of variables remain critical. Critics sometimes question his choices of variables and the assumptions underlying his statistical models, arguing that alternative interpretations of the same data are possible.
H2: Criticisms and Counterarguments: A Lively and Ongoing Debate
Borjas's work has not been without its share of criticism. Some economists argue that his findings overemphasize the negative impacts of immigration and downplay the positive contributions immigrants make to the economy. These counterarguments often highlight the benefits of immigration, such as increased labor supply, entrepreneurial activity, and innovation.
H3: The Dynamic Nature of Labor Markets
Critics often point to the dynamic nature of labor markets, suggesting that Borjas's static models may not fully capture the long-term adjustments that occur following immigration flows. They argue that immigration can stimulate economic growth, leading to the creation of new jobs and industries, thus offsetting any potential negative impacts on wages.
H3: The Fiscal Impact of Immigration
Another key area of contention involves the fiscal impact of immigration. While Borjas's work often focuses on labor market effects, critics point to studies suggesting that immigrants contribute significantly to the tax base, offsetting the costs of social services. This aspect, often overlooked in discussions centered solely on wages, provides a crucial counterpoint.
H2: The Enduring Legacy: Shaping the Immigration Debate
Despite the ongoing debate, George Borjas's work has undeniably left a significant mark on the field of labor economics and the broader public discourse surrounding immigration. His rigorous methodologies and attention to detail have pushed the boundaries of empirical research in this complex area. His findings, while often controversial, continue to fuel important conversations about the economic impacts of immigration policies. Understanding his contributions is essential for anyone seeking to engage deeply with this critical issue.
Conclusion:
George Borjas's contributions to labor economics are substantial and multifaceted, prompting ongoing discussions about the impact of immigration on wages, employment, and the overall economy. His rigorous methodology and significant body of work, while often contested, remain highly influential, showcasing the importance of continued rigorous research and critical analysis in this dynamic field. The debate surrounding his findings underscores the complexity of this issue and the need for a nuanced understanding of the economic impacts of immigration.
FAQs:
1. What is Borjas's main argument regarding immigration? Borjas primarily argues that large-scale immigration, particularly of low-skilled workers, can negatively impact the wages and employment prospects of low-skilled native-born workers.
2. What methodologies does Borjas use in his research? He employs sophisticated econometric techniques and analyzes large-scale datasets, including census data and longitudinal surveys, to quantify the impact of immigration.
3. What are the main criticisms of Borjas's work? Critics argue that his models oversimplify the complexity of labor markets, underestimate the positive economic contributions of immigrants, and potentially overlook the long-term effects of immigration.
4. How does Borjas differentiate between high-skilled and low-skilled immigration? He suggests that high-skilled immigration may have different, potentially more positive, economic consequences than low-skilled immigration, emphasizing the importance of skill levels in assessing the impact.
5. What is the broader significance of Borjas's research? Borjas's work significantly shapes the ongoing debate regarding immigration policy and its economic implications, stimulating ongoing research and critical discussions on the topic.
| george borjas labor economics: Labor Economics George J. Borjas, 2010 Labor Economics, 5e is a well-received text that blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb Labor Economics book. The Fifth Edition builds on the features and concepts that made the first four editions successful, updating and adding new content to keep the text on the cusp of recent events in the Labor Economics field. The new edition continues to be the most concise book in the market, enabling the instructor to teach all relevant material in a semester-long class. Despite the book’s brevity, the instructor will find that all of the key topics in labor economics are efficiently covered in the Fifth Edition. Thanks to updated pedagogy, new end-of-chapter material, and even stronger instructor support, the Fifth Edition of Labor Economics remains one of the most relevant textbooks in the market. |
| george borjas labor economics: Labor Economics George J. Borjas, 2002 George Borjas' well-received text blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb Labor economics book. His integration of theory with facts and coverage of latest research make his book one of the most popular at the middle and upper end of the market. |
| george borjas labor economics: Immigration Economics George J. Borjas, 2014-06-09 Millions of people—nearly 3 percent of the world’s population—no longer live in the country where they were born. Every day, migrants enter not only the United States but also developed countries without much of a history of immigration. Some of these nations have switched in a short span of time from being the source of immigrants to being a destination for them. International migration is today a central subject of research in modern labor economics, which seeks to put into perspective and explain this historic demographic transformation. Immigration Economics synthesizes the theories, models, and econometric methods used to identify the causes and consequences of international labor flows. Economist George Borjas lays out with clarity and rigor a full spectrum of topics, including migrant worker selection and assimilation, the impact of immigration on labor markets and worker wages, and the economic benefits and losses that result from immigration. Two important themes emerge: First, immigration has distributional consequences: some people gain, but some people lose. Second, immigrants are rational economic agents who attempt to do the best they can with the resources they have, and the same holds true for native workers of the countries that receive migrants. This straightforward behavioral proposition, Borjas argues, has crucial implications for how economists and policymakers should frame contemporary debates over immigration. |
| george borjas labor economics: We Wanted Workers: Unraveling the Immigration Narrative George J. Borjas, 2016-10-11 From America’s leading immigration economist (The Wall Street Journal), a refreshingly level-headed exploration of the effects of immigration. We are a nation of immigrants, and we have always been concerned about immigration. As early as 1645, the Massachusetts Bay Colony began to prohibit the entry of paupers. Today, however, the notion that immigration is universally beneficial has become pervasive. To many modern economists, immigrants are a trove of much-needed workers who can fill predetermined slots along the proverbial assembly line. But this view of immigration’s impact is overly simplified, explains George J. Borjas, a Cuban-American, Harvard labor economist. Immigrants are more than just workers—they’re people who have lives outside of the factory gates and who may or may not fit the ideal of the country to which they’ve come to live and work. Like the rest of us, they’re protected by social insurance programs, and the choices they make are affected by their social environments. In We Wanted Workers, Borjas pulls back the curtain of political bluster to show that, in the grand scheme, immigration has not affected the average American all that much. But it has created winners and losers. The losers tend to be nonmigrant workers who compete for the same jobs as immigrants. And somebody’s lower wage is somebody else’s higher profit, so those who employ immigrants benefit handsomely. In the end, immigration is mainly just another government redistribution program. I am an immigrant, writes Borjas, and yet I do not buy into the notion that immigration is universally beneficial…But I still feel that it is a good thing to give some of the poor and huddled masses, people who face so many hardships, a chance to experience the incredible opportunities that our exceptional country has to offer. Whether you’re a Democrat, a Republican, or an Independent, We Wanted Workers is essential reading for anyone interested in the issue of immigration in America today. |
| george borjas labor economics: Issues in the Economics of Immigration George J. Borjas, 2008-04-15 The United States is now admitting nearly one million legal immigrants per year, while the flow of illegal aliens into the country continues to increase steadily. The debate over immigration policy has typically focused on three fundamental questions: How do immigrants perform economically relative to others? What effects do immigrants have on the employment opportunities of other workers? What kind of immigration policy is most beneficial to the host country? This authoritative volume represents a move beyond purely descriptive assessments of labor market consequences toward a more fully developed analysis of economic impacts across the social spectrum. Exploring the broader repercussions of immigration on education, welfare, Social Security, and crime, as well as the labor market, these papers assess dimensions not yet taken into account by traditional cost-benefit calculations. This collection offers new insights into the kinds of economic opportunities and outcomes that immigrant populations might expect for themselves and future generations. |
| george borjas labor economics: Handbook of Labor Economics Orley Ashenfelter, David Card, 2010-12-09 A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics. |
| george borjas labor economics: Immigration and the Work Force George J. Borjas, Richard B. Freeman, 2007-12-01 Since the 1970s, the striking increase in immigration to the United States has been accompanied by a marked change in the composition of the immigrant community, with a much higher percentage of foreign-born workers coming from Latin America and Asia and a dramatically lower percentage from Europe. This timely study is unique in presenting new data sets on the labor force, wage rates, and demographic conditions of both the U.S. and source-area economies through the 1980s. The contributors analyze the economic effects of immigration on the United States and selected source areas, with a focus on Puerto Rico and El Salvador. They examine the education and job performance of foreign-born workers; assimilation, fertility, and wage rates; and the impact of remittances by immigrants to family members on the overall gross domestic product of source areas. A revealing and original examination of a topic of growing importance, this book will stand as a guide for further research on immigration and on the economies of developing countries. |
| george borjas labor economics: Studies in Labor Markets Sherwin Rosen, 2007-12-01 The papers in this volume present an excellent sampling of the best of current research in labor economics, combining the most sophisticated theory and econometric methods with high-quality data on a variety of problems. Originally presented at a Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research conference on labor markets in 1978, and not published elsewhere, the thirteen papers treat four interrelated themes: labor mobility, job turnover, and life-cycle dynamics; the analysis of unemployment compensation and employment policy; labor market discrimination; and labor market information and investment. The Introduction by Sherwin Rosen provides a thoughtful guide to the contents of the papers and offers suggestions for continuing research. |
| george borjas labor economics: Mexican Immigration to the United States George J. Borjas, 2007-11-01 From debates on Capitol Hill to the popular media, Mexican immigrants are the subject of widespread controversy. By 2003, their growing numbers accounted for 28.3 percent of all foreign-born inhabitants of the United States. Mexican Immigration to the United States analyzes the astonishing economic impact of this historically unprecedented exodus. Why do Mexican immigrants gain citizenship and employment at a slower rate than non-Mexicans? Does their migration to the U.S. adversely affect the working conditions of lower-skilled workers already residing there? And how rapid is the intergenerational mobility among Mexican immigrant families? This authoritative volume provides a historical context for Mexican immigration to the U.S. and reports new findings on an immigrant influx whose size and character will force us to rethink economic policy for decades to come. Mexican Immigration to the United States will be necessary reading for anyone concerned about social conditions and economic opportunities in both countries. |
| george borjas labor economics: Labor Economics, second edition Pierre Cahuc, Stephane Carcillo, Andre Zylberberg, 2014-08-01 The new edition of a widely used, comprehensive graduate-level text and professional reference covering all aspects of labor economics, with substantial new material. This landmark graduate-level text combines depth and breadth of coverage with recent, cutting-edge work in all the major areas of modern labor economics. Its command of the literature and its coverage of the latest theoretical, methodological, and empirical developments make it also a valuable resource for practicing labor economists. This second edition has been substantially updated and augmented. It incorporates examples drawn from many countries, and it presents empirical methods using contributions that have proved to be milestones in labor economics. The data and codes of these research publications, as well as numerous tables and figures describing the functioning of labor markets, are all available on a dedicated website (www.labor-economics.org), along with slides that can be used as course aids and a discussion forum. This edition devotes more space to the analysis of public policy and the levers available to policy makers, with new chapters on such topics as discrimination, globalization, income redistribution, employment protection, and the minimum wage or labor market programs for the unemployed. Theories are explained on the basis of the simplest possible models, which are in turn related to empirical results. Mathematical appendixes provide a toolkit for understanding the models. |
| george borjas labor economics: Modern Labor Economics Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Robert S. Smith, 2016-04-20 For one-semester courses in labor economics at the undergraduate and graduate levels, this book provides an overview of labor market behavior that emphasizes how theory drives public policy. Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, Twelfth Edition gives students a thorough overview of the modern theory of labor market behavior, and reveals how this theory is used to analyze public policy. Designed for students who may not have extensive backgrounds in economics, the text balances theoretical coverage with examples of practical applications that allow students to see concepts in action. Experienced educators for nearly four decades, co-authors Ronald Ehrenberg and Robert Smith believe that showing students the social implications of the concepts discussed in the course will enhance their motivation to learn. As such, the text presents numerous examples of policy decisions that have been affected by the ever-shifting labor market. This text provides a better teaching and learning experience for you and your students. It will help you to: Demonstrate concepts through relevant, contemporary examples: Concepts are brought to life through analysis of hot-button issues such as immigration and return on investment in education. Address the Great Recession of 2008: Coverage of the current economic climate helps students place course material in a relevant context. Help students understand scientific methodology: The text introduces basic methodological techniques and problems, which are essential to understanding the field. Provide tools for review and further study: A series of helpful in-text features highlights important concepts and helps students review what they have learned. |
| george borjas labor economics: Heaven's Door George J. Borjas, 2011-11-28 The U.S. took in more than a million immigrants per year in the late 1990s, more than at any other time in history. For humanitarian and many other reasons, this may be good news. But as George Borjas shows in Heaven's Door, it's decidedly mixed news for the American economy--and positively bad news for the country's poorest citizens. Widely regarded as the country's leading immigration economist, Borjas presents the most comprehensive, accessible, and up-to-date account yet of the economic impact of recent immigration on America. He reveals that the benefits of immigration have been greatly exaggerated and that, if we allow immigration to continue unabated and unmodified, we are supporting an astonishing transfer of wealth from the poorest people in the country, who are disproportionately minorities, to the richest. In the course of the book, Borjas carefully analyzes immigrants' skills, national origins, welfare use, economic mobility, and impact on the labor market, and he makes groundbreaking use of new data to trace current trends in ethnic segregation. He also evaluates the implications of the evidence for the type of immigration policy the that U.S. should pursue. Some of his findings are dramatic: Despite estimates that range into hundreds of billions of dollars, net annual gains from immigration are only about $8 billion. In dragging down wages, immigration currently shifts about $160 billion per year from workers to employers and users of immigrants' services. Immigrants today are less skilled than their predecessors, more likely to re-quire public assistance, and far more likely to have children who remain in poor, segregated communities. Borjas considers the moral arguments against restricting immigration and writes eloquently about his own past as an immigrant from Cuba. But he concludes that in the current economic climate--which is less conducive to mass immigration of unskilled labor than past eras--it would be fair and wise to return immigration to the levels of the 1970s (roughly 500,000 per year) and institute policies to favor more skilled immigrants. |
| george borjas labor economics: Labor Economics George J. Borjas, 2000 The second edition of this well-received text blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb text by one of our top Labor Economists. The author's current experience at the Kennedy School ofGovernment allows him to incorporate new policy examples and a leaner presentation of the theory. |
| george borjas labor economics: Friends Or Strangers George J. Borjas, 1990-04-09 Borjas (economics, U. of California, Santa Barbara) provides a pinched, crabby, misanthropic and xenophobic account of immigration that will likely please political conservatives, social troglodytes, and greedy entrepreneurs. Basically, he bemoans the low quality of recent immigrant labor, and, implicitly at least, the low quality of the immigrants themselves. Where did his family come from? Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| george borjas labor economics: Foundations of Migration Economics George J. Borjas, Barry R. Chiswick, 2019 The book presents research papers published over the past four decades by leading economists George J. Borjas and Barry R. Chiswick on the economics of international migration. |
| george borjas labor economics: Science and Engineering Careers in the United States Richard B. Freeman, Daniel L. Goroff, 2009-08-01 Beginning in the early 2000s, there was an upsurge of national concern over the state of the science and engineering job market that sparked a plethora of studies, commission reports, and a presidential initiative, all stressing the importance of maintaining American competitiveness in these fields. Science and Engineering Careers in the United States is the first major academic study to probe the issues that underlie these concerns. This volume provides new information on the economics of the postgraduate science and engineering job market, addressing such topics as the factors that determine the supply of PhDs, the career paths they follow after graduation, and the creation and use of knowledge as it is reflected by the amount of papers and patents produced. A distinguished team of contributors also explores the tensions between industry and academe in recruiting graduates, the influx of foreign-born doctorates, and the success of female doctorates. Science and Engineering Careers in the United States will raise new questions about stimulating innovation and growth in the American economy. |
| george borjas labor economics: Contemporary Labor Economics Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, David A. Macpherson, 2003 This textbook presents the new labor economics. While traditional topics such as labor law, structure of unions, and collective bargaining are included, the focus is on labor economics as an applied field of micro and macro theory. The authors assert that labor economics has become a critical part of the core of analytical economics and not merely tangential. Micro and Macro Economic principles are the only prerequisites to this one term book. |
| george borjas labor economics: Small Differences That Matter David Card, Richard B. Freeman, 2009-02-15 This volume, the first in a new series by the National Bureau of Economic Research that compares labor markets in different countries, examines social and labor market policies in Canada and the United States during the 1980s. It shows that subtle differences in unemployment compensation, unionization, immigration policies, and income maintenance programs have significantly affected economic outcomes in the two countries. For example: -Canada's social safety net, more generous than the American one, produced markedly lower poverty rates in the 1980s. -Canada saw a smaller increase in earnings inequality than the United States did, in part because of the strength of Canadian unions, which have twice the participation that U.S. unions do. -Canada's unemployment figures were much higher than those in the United States, not because the Canadian economy failed to create jobs but because a higher percentage of nonworking time was reported as unemployment. These disparities have become noteworthy as policy makers cite the experiences of the other country to support or oppose particular initiatives. |
| george borjas labor economics: Real World Labor , 2009 |
| george borjas labor economics: Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market John M. Abowd, Richard B. Freeman, 2007-12-01 Are immigrants squeezing Americans out of the work force? Or is competition wth foreign products imported by the United States an even greater danger to those employed in some industries? How do wages and unions fare in foreign-owned firms? And are the media's claims about the number of illegal immigrants misleading? Prompted by the growing internationalization of the U.S. labor market since the 1970s, contributors to Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market provide an innovative and comprehensive analysis of the labor market impact of the international movements of people, goods, and capital. Their provocative findings are brought into perspective by studies of two other major immigrant-recipient countries, Canada and Australia. The differing experiences of each nation stress the degree to which labor market institutions and economic policies can condition the effect of immigration and trade on economic outcomes Contributors trace the flow of immigrants by comparing the labor market and migration behavior of individual immigrants, explore the effects of immigration on wages and employment by comparing the composition of the work force in local labor markets, and analyze the impact of trade on labor markets in different industries. A unique data set was developed especially for this study—ranging from an effort to link exports/imports with wages and employment in manufacturing industries, to a survey of illegal Mexican immigrants in the San Diego area—which will prove enormously valuable for future research. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Impact of International Trade on Wages Robert C. Feenstra, 2008-04-15 Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market. |
| george borjas labor economics: Labor Economics George Borjas, 2007-03-13 George Borjas’ well-received text blends coverage of traditional topics with modern theory and developments into a superb Labor Economics book. The Fourth Edition builds on the features and concepts that made the first three editions successful, updating and adding new content to keep the text on the cusp of recent events in the Labor Economics field. In addition, 4/e offers greater instructor support with a significant number of new end-of-chapter problems and a new test bank. Labor Economics continues to be the most concise book available on the subject, but despite its brevity, instructors will find that all key topics are covered. Borjas’ integration of theory with facts and coverage of latest research make his book one of the most popular at the middle and upper end of the market. The text stresses the ideas that labor economists use to understand how the labor market works. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Fissured Workplace David Weil, 2014-02-17 In the twentieth century, large companies employing many workers formed the bedrock of the U.S. economy. Today, on the list of big business's priorities, sustaining the employer-worker relationship ranks far below building a devoted customer base and delivering value to investors. As David Weil's groundbreaking analysis shows, large corporations have shed their role as direct employers of the people responsible for their products, in favor of outsourcing work to small companies that compete fiercely with one another. The result has been declining wages, eroding benefits, inadequate health and safety protections, and ever-widening income inequality. From the perspectives of CEOs and investors, fissuring--splitting off functions that were once managed internally--has been phenomenally successful. Despite giving up direct control to subcontractors and franchises, these large companies have figured out how to maintain the quality of brand-name products and services, without the cost of maintaining an expensive workforce. But from the perspective of workers, this strategy has meant stagnation in wages and benefits and a lower standard of living. Weil proposes ways to modernize regulatory policies so that employers can meet their obligations to workers while allowing companies to keep the beneficial aspects of this business strategy. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Economics of Immigration Cynthia Bansak, Nicole Simpson, Madeline Zavodny, 2015-04-24 Economics of Immigration provides students with the tools needed to examine the economic impact of immigration and immigration policies over the past century. Students will develop an understanding of why and how people migrate across borders and will learn how to analyze the economic causes and effects of immigration. The main objectives of the book are for students to understand the decision to migrate; to understand the impact of immigration on markets and government budgets; and to understand the consequences of immigration policies in a global context. From the first chapter, students will develop an appreciation of the importance of immigration as a separate academic field within labor economics and international economics. Topics covered include the effect of immigration on labor markets, housing markets, international trade, tax revenues, human capital accumulation, and government fiscal balances. The book also considers the impact of immigration on what firms choose to produce, and even on the ethnic diversity of restaurants and on financial markets, as well as the theory and evidence on immigrants’ economic assimilation. The textbook includes a comparative study of immigration policies in a number of immigrant-receiving and sending countries, beginning with the history of immigration policy in the United States. Finally, the book explores immigration topics that directly affect developing countries, such as remittances, brain drain, human trafficking, and rural-urban internal migration. Readers will also be fully equipped with the tools needed to understand and contribute to policy debates on this controversial topic. This is the first textbook to comprehensively cover the economics of immigration, and it is suitable both for economics students and for students studying migration in other disciplines, such as sociology and politics. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Economics of Immigration Örn B. Bodvarsson, Hendrik Van den Berg, 2013-05-17 The Economics of Immigration is written as a both a reference for researchers and as a textbook on the economics of immigration. It is aimed at two audiences: (1) researchers who are interested in learning more about how economists approach the study of human migration flows; and (2) graduate students taking a course on migration or a labor economics course where immigration is one of the subfields studied. The book covers the economic theory of immigration, which explains why people move across borders and details the consequences of such movements for the source and destination economies. The book also describes immigration policy, providing both a history of immigration policy in a variety of countries and using the economic theory of immigration to explain the determinants and consequences of the policies. The timing of this book coincides with the emergence of immigration as a major political and economic issue in the USA, Japan Europe and many developing countries. |
| george borjas labor economics: Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2019-01-04 Gain an understanding of how econometrics can answer today's questions in business, policy evaluation and forecasting with Wooldridge's INTRODUCTORY ECONOMETRICS: A MODERN APPROACH, 7E. This edition's practical, yet professional, approach demonstrates how econometrics has moved beyond a set of abstract tools to become genuinely useful for answering questions across a variety of disciplines. Information is organized around the type of data being analyzed, using a systematic approach that only introduces assumptions as they are needed. This makes the material easier to understand and, ultimately, leads to better econometric practices. Packed with relevant applications, this edition incorporates more than 100 intriguing data sets in different formats. Updates introduce the latest developments in the field, including recent advances in the so-called “causal effects” or “treatment effects” literature, for an understanding of the impact and importance of econometrics today. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Price of Rights Martin Ruhs, 2015-02-22 Many low-income countries and development organizations are calling for greater liberalization of labor immigration policies in high-income countries. At the same time, human rights organizations and migrant rights advocates demand more equal rights for migrant workers. The Price of Rights shows why you cannot always have both. Examining labor immigration policies in over forty countries, as well as policy drivers in major migrant-receiving and migrant-sending states, Martin Ruhs finds that there are trade-offs in the policies of high-income countries between openness to admitting migrant workers and some of the rights granted to migrants after admission. Insisting on greater equality of rights for migrant workers can come at the price of more restrictive admission policies, especially for lower-skilled workers. Ruhs advocates the liberalization of international labor migration through temporary migration programs that protect a universal set of core rights and account for the interests of nation-states by restricting a few specific rights that create net costs for receiving countries. The Price of Rights analyzes how high-income countries restrict the rights of migrant workers as part of their labor immigration policies and discusses the implications for global debates about regulating labor migration and protecting migrants. It comprehensively looks at the tensions between human rights and citizenship rights, the agency and interests of migrants and states, and the determinants and ethics of labor immigration policy. |
| george borjas labor economics: Employment and Earnings , 2003 Weekly hours, employment trends, labor turnover rates, state and area statistics, hourly and weekly earnings, payroll and man-hour indexes (varies). |
| george borjas labor economics: Economic Research on the Determinants of Immigration George J. Borjas, 1999-01-01 This publication summarizes some of the key research findings from current literature and applies the lessons from it to the potential migration problem faced by countries in the EU. Its main objective is to present a review of existing economic theory and empirical evidence to evaluate the likelihood of migration flows from acceding or neighboring countries toward the current EU member states. This publication is a Technical Paper sponsored by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Division. It is part of a comprehensive series regarding the many important factors that influence European Union (EU) accession in the Central and East European countries (CEEC). The topics in the series cover both the social and economic aspects of accession across a broad range of sectors. The series also provides background information for specific acceding countries. These publications will be of interest to EU member and candidate countries, their ministries, and any one studying the accession issue. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Economics of Labor George J. Borjas, 2014 This new title from Routledge meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of the subject's vast literature and the continuing explosion in research. Edited by George J. Borjas, the pre-eminent scholar in the field, The Economics of Labor is a four-volume collection of classic and contemporary contributions. |
| george borjas labor economics: The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets Tito Boeri, Jan van Ours, 2013-09-24 Most labor economics textbooks pay little attention to actual labor markets, taking as reference a perfectly competitive market in which losing a job is not a big deal. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets is the only textbook to focus on imperfect labor markets and to provide a systematic framework for analyzing how labor market institutions operate. This expanded, updated, and thoroughly revised second edition includes a new chapter on labor-market discrimination; quantitative examples; data and programming files enabling users to replicate key results of the literature; exercises at the end of each chapter; and expanded technical appendixes. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets examines the many institutions that affect the behavior of workers and employers in imperfect labor markets. These include minimum wages, employment protection legislation, unemployment benefits, active labor market policies, working-time regulations, family policies, equal opportunity legislation, collective bargaining, early retirement programs, education and migration policies, payroll taxes, and employment-conditional incentives. Written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students, the book carefully defines and measures these institutions to accurately characterize their effects, and discusses how these institutions are today being changed by political and economic forces. Expanded, thoroughly revised second edition New chapter on labor-market discrimination New quantitative examples New data sets enabling users to replicate key results of the literature New end-of-chapter exercises Expanded technical appendixes Unique focus on institutions in imperfect labor markets Integrated framework and systematic coverage Self-contained chapters on each of the most important labor-market institutions |
| george borjas labor economics: Demand for Labor Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2017 The book collects articles published by Daniel Hamermesh between 1969 and 2013 dealing with the general topic of the demand for labor. The first section presents empirical studies of basic issues in labor demand, including the extent to which different types of labor are substitutes, how firms' and workers' investments affect labor turnover, and how costs of adjusting employment affect the dynamics of employment and patterns of labor turnover. The second section examines the impacts of various labor-market policies, including minimum wages, penalty pay for using overtime hours or hours worked on weekends or nights, severance pay for displaced workers, and payroll taxes to finance unemployment insurance benefits. The final section deals with general questions of discrimination by employers along various dimensions, including looks, gender and ethnicity, in all cases focusing on the process of discrimination and the behavior that results. Throughout the focus is on the development of theoretically-based hypotheses and testing them using the most appropriate data, often data collected uniquely for the particular project. |
| george borjas labor economics: International Handbook on the Economics of Migration Amelie F. Constant, Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2013-09-30 ŠThis is an extremely impressive volume which guides readers into thinking about migration in new ways. In its various chapters, international experts examine contemporary migration issues through a multitude of lenses ranging from child labor, human t |
| george borjas labor economics: Poverty, International Migration and Asylum G. Borjas, J. Crisp, 2005-03-01 This book examines the economic consequences of immigration and asylum migration, it focuses on the economic consequences of legal and illegal immigration as well as placing the study of immigration in a global context. |
| george borjas labor economics: Handbook of Labor Economics Orley Ashenfelter, David Card, 1999-11-18 A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics. |
| george borjas labor economics: Prospects for Economic Growth in the United States John W. Diamond, George R. Zodrow, 2021 This volume brings together a distinguished group of world-renowned economists to explore the challenges of maintaining vigorous economic growth in the United States, including issues related to demographics, social insurance programs, technological progress, human capital accumulation, immigration, income inequality, financial institutions, and fiscal policy. The volume consists of a set of papers that were presented at a conference on the Prospects for Economic Growth in the United States, which was one of a series of events celebrating the 25th anniversary of Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy. The conference was sponsored by the Baker Institute's Center for Public Finance and held at Rice on December 6-7, 2018-- |
| george borjas labor economics: Earnings of Immigrants Arnold DeSilva, Economic Council of Canada, 1992 Covers the period 1946-1989. |
| george borjas labor economics: Natural Resource Economics Barry C. Field, 2023-07-21 The connection between humans and the earth’s natural resources is a topic of vital interest. Concern once centered on whether there were sufficient supplies of natural resources to accommodate the rising demands of growing economies; a newer concern is whether those growing economies will undermine the linkages between humans and the earth’s critical ecological endowments. It is essential to understand the reciprocity of how human decisions affect resources and how resources affect humans. Natural resource economics is one way of framing and analyzing choices about the conservation and use of natural resources made daily by individuals, communities, and nations. The focus of the text is on natural resource valuation, economic incentives, and the institutional arrangements that will produce desired collective outcomes. The fourth edition of this acclaimed text presents the analytical framework of economics in easy-to-understand descriptions for readers who have not yet been exposed to economics. The first nine chapters offer a lucid introduction to fundamental economic principles and their application to questions about natural resource use. Ten topical chapters address specific natural resources. The final two chapters examine natural resource issues encountered in developing countries and the impacts of globalization on the utilization and conservation of natural resources. Topics new to this edition include: equity issues in natural resources decisions, existence value of wildlife, technological change, natural capital, payment for environmental services, rare earths, food security, and collective property rights. |
| george borjas labor economics: Union Relative Wage Effects H. Gregg Lewis, 1986 Literature survey of statistical analysis and empirical studies dealing with relative wage differentials of unionized workers and nonunionized workers in the USA, 1967-1979 - reviews econometric models, evaluation technique and methodology employed for examining the impact of trade unions on wage structure; evaluates statistical methods, estimating the influence of race, sex, occupational status, regional disparity, size of enterprise, etc. On collective bargaining models. Bibliography, statistical tables. |
| george borjas labor economics: A Practical Guide to Crafting Your HR Strategy Stephen Flynn, 2014-11-11 Creating HR policy is a complex matter that often gets stuck in the conceptual stage-and ends up benefiting neither the employer nor the employee. To progress, HR professionals need to learn how to apply a few practical tips from business strategy when crafting their HR plan: Remember to look at the big picture, consider the end goals, and determine how to achieve them. Sounds simple, right? Author Stephen Flynn has worked in human resources for thirty-four years, serving as an HR director for the last sixteen. When he got stuck, he had to remind himself to step back and start asking bigger, rather than smaller, questions. This fresh perspective led him to discover that the missing link in the causal chain from HR policies to business outcomes is the labour market. Identifying the nine employment systems that are internally consistent and externally coherent, A Practical Guide to Crafting Your HR Strategy shows you how to use the concept of employment systems as a tool to build your own HR policies and practices that will actually line up with the business outcomes your company desires. Tried and tested from concept to practice, this approach is sure to help you finally get the deal right for both employer and employee. |
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George J. Borjas Harvard University Contents. Chapter 1 Introduction to Labor Economics 1. 1-1 An Economic Story of the Labor Market 2. -2 The Actors in the Labor Market 3.
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an introduction to the eld of labor economics. Labor economists study the market where the traded good is the work (labor) performed by people. Workers supply labor and rms demand …
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in the host country’s labor market can make a significant contribution to eco-nomic growth. Natives need not be con-cerned about the possibility that these immigrants will increase …
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There already exists a large literature in labor economics that attempts to analyze the labor …
