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Gen Chem 1 Formula Sheet: Your Ultimate Guide to Success
Are you drowning in a sea of chemical formulas and equations in your General Chemistry 1 class? Feeling overwhelmed and unsure of where to even begin? You're not alone! General Chemistry 1 is notoriously challenging, but mastering the core formulas is the key to unlocking success. This comprehensive guide provides you with a curated Gen Chem 1 formula sheet, organized for clarity and ease of use, along with explanations to help you understand the underlying concepts. We'll cover essential formulas from stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and more, equipping you to tackle any problem with confidence. Let's dive in!
Section 1: Stoichiometry – The Foundation of Chemical Calculations
Stoichiometry is the cornerstone of General Chemistry 1. It deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. Mastering these formulas is crucial for success in the course.
#### Key Stoichiometry Formulas:
Moles: `moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)` – This fundamental formula allows you to convert between mass and moles, a crucial step in most stoichiometric calculations.
Mole Ratio: This is derived from the balanced chemical equation. The coefficients in the balanced equation provide the mole ratio between reactants and products. For example, in the reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, the mole ratio of H₂ to O₂ is 2:1.
Limiting Reactant: Identifying the limiting reactant is crucial for determining the theoretical yield. The reactant that produces the least amount of product is the limiting reactant.
Percent Yield: `Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%` – This formula helps assess the efficiency of a chemical reaction.
Section 2: Thermodynamics – Understanding Energy Changes in Reactions
Thermodynamics explores the energy changes associated with chemical reactions. Understanding these concepts is crucial for predicting the spontaneity and equilibrium of reactions.
#### Key Thermodynamics Formulas:
Enthalpy (ΔH): ΔH represents the heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant pressure. A negative ΔH indicates an exothermic reaction (heat released), while a positive ΔH indicates an endothermic reaction (heat absorbed).
Entropy (ΔS): ΔS measures the disorder or randomness of a system. An increase in entropy (positive ΔS) generally favors a spontaneous reaction.
Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG): `ΔG = ΔH - TΔS` – This crucial formula predicts the spontaneity of a reaction. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction, while a positive ΔG indicates a non-spontaneous reaction. T represents the temperature in Kelvin.
Equilibrium Constant (K): K expresses the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium. A large K value indicates that the equilibrium favors the products.
Section 3: Gas Laws – Describing the Behavior of Gases
Understanding gas laws is essential for predicting the behavior of gases under different conditions.
#### Key Gas Law Formulas:
Ideal Gas Law: `PV = nRT` – This fundamental equation relates pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas. R is the ideal gas constant.
Boyle's Law: `P₁V₁ = P₂V₂` – Relates pressure and volume at constant temperature and moles.
Charles's Law: `V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂` – Relates volume and temperature at constant pressure and moles.
Avogadro's Law: `V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂` – Relates volume and number of moles at constant temperature and pressure.
Section 4: Solutions and Equilibrium – Understanding Concentrations and Equilibria
This section covers crucial concepts related to solutions and chemical equilibrium.
#### Key Formulas for Solutions and Equilibrium:
Molarity (M): `Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution` – This is the most common way to express the concentration of a solution.
pH: `pH = -log[H⁺]` – This formula calculates the pH of a solution based on the hydrogen ion concentration.
pOH: `pOH = -log[OH⁻]` – This formula calculates the pOH of a solution based on the hydroxide ion concentration.
Kw (Ion Product Constant for Water): Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C – This constant is crucial for understanding the relationship between pH and pOH.
Section 5: Using Your Gen Chem 1 Formula Sheet Effectively
This formula sheet is a valuable tool, but its effectiveness depends on your understanding of the underlying concepts. Don't just memorize the formulas; strive to understand why they work. Practice applying them to various problems, and don't hesitate to seek help from your professor, TA, or classmates when you encounter difficulties. Regular review and practice are key to mastering these formulas and excelling in your Gen Chem 1 course.
Conclusion:
This Gen Chem 1 formula sheet provides a comprehensive overview of the essential equations you'll encounter in your course. Remember that consistent practice and a solid understanding of the underlying principles are crucial for success. Use this sheet as a reference, but also actively engage with the material through problem-solving and seeking clarification when needed. Good luck!
FAQs:
1. Where can I find practice problems to use with this formula sheet? Your textbook will have plenty of practice problems, and many online resources offer additional practice exercises.
2. What if I don't understand a specific formula? Don't hesitate to ask your professor, TA, or classmates for help. Many online resources, such as YouTube videos and educational websites, can also offer explanations.
3. Is this formula sheet sufficient for all of Gen Chem 1? This sheet covers the core formulas, but some topics might require additional equations depending on your specific curriculum. Consult your syllabus and textbook for a complete list.
4. Can I print this formula sheet for easier access during exams? Yes, you can print this sheet for personal use, but always check your instructor's policy on permitted materials during exams.
5. Are there any online calculators that can help me with these formulas? Many online calculators are available, but understanding the formulas yourself is crucial for truly mastering the material. Use calculators as a supplementary tool, not a replacement for understanding the concepts.
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| gen chem 1 formula sheet: MCAT Biology Review , 2010 The Princeton Review's MCAT® Biology Review contains in-depth coverage of the challenging biology topics on this important test. -- |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division, 2007 Prepared by the IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division this definitive manual, now in its third edition, is designed to improve the exchange of scientific information among the readers in different disciplines and across different nations. This book has been systematically brought up to date and new sections added to reflect the increasing volume of scientific literature and terminology and expressions being used. The Third Edition reflects the experience of the contributors with the previous editions and the comments and feedback have been integrated into this essential resource. This edition has been compiled in machine-readable form and will be available online. |
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| gen chem 1 formula sheet: An Analysis of the Stability and Ultimate Compressive Strength of Short Sheet-stringer Panels with Special Reference to the Influence of the Riveted Connection Between Sheet and Stringer Benjamin H. Beam, Dean R. Chapman, John B. McDevitt, Joseph W. Semonian, Max. A. Heaslet, Robert J. Tapscott, United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Franklin B. Fuller, James P. Peterson, Julian H. Berman, Kenneth B. Amer, 1955 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: General Chemistry Darrell D. Ebbing, Steven D. Gammon, 1999 The principles of general chemistry, stressing the underlying concepts in chemistry, relating abstract concepts to specific real-world examples, and providing a programme of problem-solving pedagogy. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: General Chemistry for Engineers Jeffrey Gaffney, Nancy Marley, 2017-11-13 General Chemistry for Engineers explores the key areas of chemistry needed for engineers. This book develops material from the basics to more advanced areas in a systematic fashion. As the material is presented, case studies relevant to engineering are included that demonstrate the strong link between chemistry and the various areas of engineering. - Serves as a unique chemistry reference source for professional engineers - Provides the chemistry principles required by various engineering disciplines - Begins with an 'atoms first' approach, building from the simple to the more complex chemical concepts - Includes engineering case studies connecting chemical principles to solving actual engineering problems - Links chemistry to contemporary issues related to the interface between chemistry and engineering practices |
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| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry Jo Allan Beran, 2010-11-01 This new edition of the Beran lab manual emphasizes chemical principles as well as techniques. The manual helps students understand the timing and situations for the various techniques. The Beran lab manual has long been a market leading lab manual for general chemistry. Each experiment is presented with concise objectives, a comprehensive list of techniques, and detailed lab intros and step-by-step procedures. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Principles of Chemical Nomenclature G. J. Leigh, 2011 Aimed at pre-university and undergraduate students, this volume surveys the current IUPAC nomenclature recommendations in organic, inorganic and macromolecular chemistry. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Chemical Symbolism and Calculations Stanley Wallace Morse, 1953 |
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| gen chem 1 formula sheet: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Dorothy M. Feigl, John William Hill, 1983 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: The AIChE Pocket Handbook American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1985 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Solving General Chemistry Problems Robert Nelson Smith, Willis Conway Pierce, 1980-01-01 |
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| gen chem 1 formula sheet: An Introduction to Chemistry Mark Bishop, 2002 This book teaches chemistry at an appropriate level of rigor while removing the confusion and insecurity that impair student success. Students are frequently intimidated by prep chem; Bishop's text shows them how to break the material down and master it. The flexible order of topics allows unit conversions to be covered either early in the course (as is traditionally done) or later, allowing for a much earlier than usual description of elements, compounds, and chemical reactions. The text and superb illustrations provide a solid conceptual framework and address misconceptions. The book helps students to develop strategies for working problems in a series of logical steps. The Examples and Exercises give plenty of confidence-building practice; the end-of-chapter problems test the student's mastery. The system of objectives tells the students exactly what they must learn in each chapter and where to find it. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Biochemistry David E. Metzler, Carol M. Metzler, 2001 Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells is a well-integrated, up-to-date reference for basic chemistry and underlying biological phenomena. Biochemistry is a comprehensive account of the chemical basis of life, describing the amazingly complex structures of the compounds that make up cells, the forces that hold them together, and the chemical reactions that allow for recognition, signaling, and movement. This book contains information on the human body, its genome, and the action of muscles, eyes, and the brain. * Thousands of literature references provide introduction to current research as well as historical background * Contains twice the number of chapters of the first edition * Each chapter contains boxes of information on topics of general interest |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Green Chemistry Laboratory Manual for General Chemistry Sally A. Henrie, 2015-03-18 Green chemistry involves designing novel ways to create and synthesize products and implement processes that will eliminate or greatly reduce negative environmental impacts. Providing educational laboratory materials that challenge students with the customary topics found in a general chemistry laboratory manual, this lab manual enables students to see how green chemistry principles can be applied to real-world issues. Following a consistent format, each lab experiment includes objectives, prelab questions, and detailed step-by-step procedures for performing the experiments. Additional questions encourage further research about how green chemistry principles compare with traditional, more hazardous experimental methods. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: General Chemistry for Colleges B. Smith Hopkins, John Christian Bailar, 1951 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Chemistry Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, 2012 Steve and Susan Zumdahl's texts focus on helping students build critical thinking skills through the process of becoming independent problem-solvers. They help students learn to think like a chemists so they can apply the problem solving process to all aspects of their lives. In CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH, 1e, International Edition the Zumdahls use a meaningful approach that begins with the atom and proceeds through the concept of molecules, structure, and bonding, to more complex materials and their properties. Because this approach differs from what most students have experienced in high school courses, it encourages them to focus on conceptual learning early in the course, rather than relying on memorization and a plug and chug method of problem solving that even the best students can fall back on when confronted with familiar material. The atoms first organization provides an opportunity for students to use the tools of critical thinkers: to ask questions, to apply rules and models and to |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Survival Guide to General Chemistry Patrick E. McMahon, Rosemary McMahon, Bohdan Khomtchouk, 2019-02-13 This work evolved over thirty combined years of teaching general chemistry to a variety of student demographics. The focus is not to recap or review the theoretical concepts well described in the available texts.Instead, the topics and descriptions in this book make available specific, detailed step-by-step methods and procedures for solving the major types of problems in general chemistry. Explanations, instructional process sequences, solved examples and completely solved practice problems are greatly expanded, containing significantly more detail than can usually be devoted to in a comprehensive text. Many chapters also provide alternative viewpoints as an aid to understanding. Key Features: The authors have included every major topic in the first semester of general chemistry and most major topics from the second semester. Each is written in a specific and detailed step-by-step process for problem solving, whether mathematical or conceptual Each topic has greatly expanded examples and solved practice problems containing significantly more detail than found in comprehensive texts Includes a chapter designed to eliminate confusion concerning acid/base reactions which often persists through working with acid/base equilibrium Many chapters provide alternative viewpoints as an aid to understanding This book addresses a very real need for a large number of incoming freshman in STEM fields |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: Exploring General Chemistry in the Laboratory Colleen F. Craig, Kim N. Gunnerson, 2017-02-01 This laboratory manual is intended for a two-semester general chemistry course. The procedures are written with the goal of simplifying a complicated and often challenging subject for students by applying concepts to everyday life. This lab manual covers topics such as composition of compounds, reactivity, stoichiometry, limiting reactants, gas laws, calorimetry, periodic trends, molecular structure, spectroscopy, kinetics, equilibria, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, intermolecular forces, solutions, and coordination complexes. By the end of this course, you should have a solid understanding of the basic concepts of chemistry, which will give you confidence as you embark on your career in science. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: ACS Style Guide Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson, 2006 In the time since the second edition of The ACS Style Guide was published, the rapid growth of electronic communication has dramatically changed the scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publication world. This dynamic mode of dissemination is enabling scientists, engineers, and medicalpractitioners all over the world to obtain and transmit information quickly and easily. An essential constant in this changing environment is the requirement that information remain accurate, clear, unambiguous, and ethically sound.This extensive revision of The ACS Style Guide thoroughly examines electronic tools now available to assist STM writers in preparing manuscripts and communicating with publishers. Valuable updates include discussions of markup languages, citation of electronic sources, online submission ofmanuscripts, and preparation of figures, tables, and structures. In keeping current with the changing environment, this edition also contains references to many resources on the internet.With this wealth of new information, The ACS Style Guide's Third Edition continues its long tradition of providing invaluable insight on ethics in scientific communication, the editorial process, copyright, conventions in chemistry, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and writing style for any STMauthor, reviewer, or editor. The Third Edition is the definitive source for all information needed to write, review, submit, and edit scholarly and scientific manuscripts. |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: The Century Dictionary: The Century dictionary William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, 1895 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: The Century Dictionary William Dwight Whitney, 1889 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia William Dwight Whitney, 1895 |
| gen chem 1 formula sheet: General Chemistry Luke Eby Steiner, Jack Allen Campbell, 1955 |
General Chemistry I Equation Sheet - bpb-us-e2.wpmucdn.com
General Chemistry I Equation Sheet. Think about how to set up the problem. rst, then apply the needed principles and formulas. Waves and Energy. Ek = 1 2mu2. Eel / Q1Q2. = h. Rydberg …
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Formula Sheet For General Chemistry. DESCRIPTION. EQUATION. Ideal gas equation. Adibiatic change. Charles' Law.
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This comprehensive guide provides you with a curated Gen Chem 1 formula sheet, organized for clarity and ease of use, along with explanations to help you understand the underlying …
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For all chapters or units (aka “Gen Chem Boot Camp”, for example), I want these study guides to be a central summary point. If you’re starting to study for an exam, and you
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CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I - University of Florida
Page 1 CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I . SUMMER 2023 . INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION . Instructors Email/Office/Phone Office Hours Dr. Martina Sumner Associate Instructional Professor 5/15/23-6/23/23 . Email in Canvas preferred m.sumner@chem.ufl.edu 352-392-0517 Keene Flint 250 TBA . Dr. Steven Harris Assistant instructional Professor 7/3/23-8/11/23
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If the RP is a formula unit, state the number of ions that make up the formula unit. Formula: # of atoms in the formula: Formula: # of atoms in the formula: NaCl 2 Cl 2 2 H 2 SO 4 7 KCrO 4 6 K+ 1 H 2 O 2 4 CaCl 2 3 Li 3 PO 3 7 S 1 NH 4 + 5 SBr 3 4 Fe 2 O 3 5 NH 4 Br 6 NaC 2 H 3 O 2 8 Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 13 PO 4 3-5 C 6 H 12 O 11 29 Hg 1 Mg(NO 3) 2 9 ...
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CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I - University of Florida
Page 1 CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I SPRING 2023; MONDAY/WEDNESDAY/FRIDAY (MWF) PERIOD 4 INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION Instructors Email/Office/Phone Office Hours Dr. Martina Sumner Associate Instructional Professor Email in Canvas preferred m.sumner@chem.ufl.edu 352-392-0517 Keene Flint 250 TBA All office hours will meet in 258 …
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LECTURE 20: THERMODYNAMIC OVERVIEW – A QUALITATIVE APPROACH Today’s lecture is a general overview of thermodynamics from a qualitative perspective. To really be able to understand thermo, you need to look at a chemical reaction and talk about it in the context of relative changes in state functions. HOW TO KNOW IF A REACTION WILL HAPPEN First, …
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so, the ratio is 1:1:1 and the formula is NaOH 2.5 grams x 1 mole / 1 gram H = 2.5 moles H 4. A compound with an empirical formula of CH 2 has a molecular weight of 42. What is its molecular formula? CH 2 has a formula weight of 14. 14 divides into 42 three times, so the molecular formula is C 3 H 6. 5.
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grams per litre (g L-1) or parts per million (ppm) Constants Universal gas constant, R = 8.314 J K-1 mol Avogadro constant, N = 6.022×1023 mol-1 Volume of 1.00 mol of an ideal gas at 0.0 °C and 100.0 kPa is 22.71 L STP is 0.0 °C and 100.0 kPa Equilibrium constant for water at 25 °C, K w = 1.00×10-14 =Soluble more than 0.1 mole dissolves ...
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Center tutor and CHEM 111 PAL Leader. The questions were acquired through various resources and/or created by the student. ... Calculate the number of formula units in 54.0 g of Na 2 CO 3. 11. Indicate the type of reactions: Cm 96 246 254 + C 6 12-> No 102 + 4n 0 1 Th 90 236-> Ra 88 232 + He 2 4 H 1 2 +H 1 1-> He 2 3 U 92 235 -> Y 39 95 1+ I 53 ...
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Exams 40 % Exams 1, 2, and 3 The first Exam is on chapters 15, 14, and 15. The second Exam is on chapters 16, and 17. The third Exam is on chapters 19, 20, 21, and 24. The periodic table will be available, but formula sheet will not be provided. Equally balanced, and no …
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When you have selected your answer to each question, blacken the corresponding space on the answer sheet using a soft, #2 pencil. Make a heavy, full mark, but no stray marks. If you decide to change an answer, erase the unwanted mark very carefully. There …
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Formula sheet provided HINT: Math will be expected; set up the problem on the exam; interact with your text for all questions Work with solving mathematical questions without using a calculator…learn to approximate FREE-RESPONSE: (50% of exam grade) (spend the first few minutes scanning through the exam before beginning) 7 questions total
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Page 1 CHM2045 – GENERAL CHEMISTRY I - FALL 2024 M,W,F; Class #: 10835,10836,10837,10838,10839,10839,10865 INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION INSTRUCTOR Instructor Contact Information Office Hours Dr. Simon Lopez D’Sola 392-9700 LEI 312 Email in Canvas preferred simonlopez@ufl.edu
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5 K a: Sense + Calculations.Using K a or pK a to Calculate [H +] and/or pH; using pH to calculate K a or pK a 27. Solutions of each of the hypothetical acids in the following table are prepared with an initial concentration of 0.100 M. Which of the four solutions will have the lowest pH …
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directly by way of email (support@tophat.com), the in app support button, or by calling 1-888-663-5491. Contacting the Instructor: Email is for administrative purposes only, and not for remote instruction. Course administrative queries only can be emailed to …
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1.0 mg of Cl-in 1.0 kg of water contains 1.0 mg of Cl-in 1000 g of water. As there are 1000 mg in 1 g the concentration is . 1.0 mg Cl-= 1.0 mg Cl-= 1.0 mg Cl-1 kg solvent 1000 g solvent 1000000 mg solvent i.e. from this last expression there is 1 mg of Cl-in 1 million mg of water, hence the term parts per million or ppm.
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CHEM 1311 Course Information Fall 2021 . Page 1 of 7 . CHEM 1311 General and Quantitative Chemistry . Faculty contact: Dr. Stephen Starnes Office: Science 339 . Email: Stephen.Starnes@tamuc.edu Phone: 903-886-5389 . Office Hours: MWF: 10:50 – 11:50 pm. TR: 11:00 am – 12:00 pm, or by appointment
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Chem/Phys Section: 118-132 (midpoint = 125) Critical/Reasoning: 118-132 (midpoint = 125) Bio/Biochem – 118-132 (midpoint = 125) Psy/Social - 118-132 (midpoint = 125) Composite Score: 472-528 (midpoint = 500) Test Day Schedule This is a lengthy exam of 7.5 hours. Chem/Phys: 95 minutes, 59 questions.
CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I - University of Florida
Page 1 CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I SPRING 2023 T/R SECTIONS INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION Instructors Email/Office/Phone Office Hours Dr. Steven Harris Instructional Professor Email in Canvas only steven.harris@ufl.edu (do not email unless instructed by professor) 352-273-3717 CCB (SFCB) 302A MW 4 to 5 pm TR 1:30 to 3:30 am
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CHM2045 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I - University of Florida
• Scantrons, formula sheet, and blank scratch paper are provided • Bring pencils and eraser • Use an allowable non-graphing, non-programmable scientific calculator • Turn your cell phones and other electronic devices off and keep in your bag. PROGRESS EXAM “AVERAGE/REPLACE” POLICY • Applies to all students. • No dropped progress ...
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3 Reading Checks Before beginning a chapter in class, you will need to complete a reading check that assesses basic mastery of the material. Reading checks will be delivered on MasteringChemistry and will be available on Fridays at noon and will be due on Sundays at 11:59 p.m. There will be a total of fifteen reading checks worth four points each. The reading check …
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Wednesday 8:30 am – 9 am, 1 pm – 2 pm, (5:30 pm – 6:30 pm by appt.) Thursday 8:30 am – 9 am, 1 pm – 4 pm. Instructional Mode. Combined Lecture and Lab. Instruction includes classroom lecture and may include laboratory activities. Textbook Information. Required Textbooks. Student Lab Notebk.:50 Spiral(new
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1 . General Chemistry I . CHEM 1211 . The instructor reserves the right to make changes or corrections to this syllabus at any time. Students will be notified when any changes are made by email or eLC announcements. Course Overview . Description . Chemistry 1211 is an in-person course with in-person lectures either MWF or TR for a total of ...
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In redox reactions, it is useful to write the oxidation numbers of each species above the formula to track oxidation and reduction. 0 0 +2 -2 Ca(s) + S(s) → CaS(s) 0 +1 -1 +3 -1 0 ... hydrogen gas at 1 atm is arbitrarily assigned a standard reduction potential of …
