Advertisement
The Era Franco Socialista: A Paradoxical Period in Spanish History
The term "era Franco socialista" might seem oxymoronic. Francisco Franco, the dictator who ruled Spain with an iron fist for nearly four decades, hardly embodies socialist ideals. Yet, the legacy of his regime and its eventual transition to democracy reveal a complex interplay of forces that, arguably, bear a surprising, albeit indirect, relationship to socialist aspirations. This blog post delves into this paradoxical period, examining the socio-economic realities under Franco, the subtle (and not-so-subtle) influences of socialist thought on the eventual transition, and the enduring effects on modern Spain. We'll explore the contradictions, analyze the historical context, and unravel the lasting impact of this complex era.
The Franco Regime: A Far Cry from Socialism
Franco's Spain was a rigidly authoritarian state, characterized by repression, censorship, and a staunch anti-communist stance. The Falange, Franco's fascist party, held sway, implementing policies that prioritized national unity and Catholic conservatism above all else. Private property was largely protected, and economic policies leaned towards a controlled capitalism that favored certain business interests aligned with the regime. This was certainly not a socialist paradise. Instead, it fostered inequality and limited social mobility, creating a stark contrast to the socialist ideals of social justice and economic equality. The state controlled key industries, but this was primarily driven by the needs of the regime, not by any socialist doctrine.
Economic Policies and Social Stratification
The economic policies of the Franco era were heavily influenced by autarky – a policy of national self-sufficiency – which led to limited international trade and hindered economic growth. While industrialization did occur, it benefited a select few, furthering the existing socioeconomic disparities. The working class faced harsh conditions, with limited labor rights and low wages. This stark reality directly contradicts the core principles of socialism, which aims to empower the working class and redistribute wealth more equitably.
Seeds of Change: The Slow Erosion of Francoism
Despite the apparent incompatibility, the seeds of future social and political change were sown even during the darkest days of the dictatorship. The experience of oppression, the rising tide of international human rights movements, and the inherent contradictions within Franco's system created fertile ground for dissent. The Catholic Church, while initially supportive of Franco, gradually became a critical voice demanding social reforms. Underground socialist and communist movements, though brutally suppressed, continued to exist, keeping the flame of socialist ideals alive.
The Role of the Catholic Church and Labor Unions
While not explicitly socialist, the Catholic Church's increasing concern for social justice spurred a gradual shift in attitudes. The Church advocated for improvements in workers' rights and living conditions, indirectly challenging the regime's brutal suppression of labor movements. Similarly, clandestine labor unions, despite facing constant threat of arrest and persecution, played a crucial role in maintaining a sense of solidarity and resistance amongst the workers. These were important actors laying the groundwork for a more equitable society in the post-Franco era.
The Transition to Democracy: Socialist Influences and the Legacy of Francoism
The death of Franco in 1975 marked a turning point. The transition to democracy, although fraught with challenges, witnessed the gradual incorporation of socialist ideals into the political landscape. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), a key player in the transition, championed social reforms, advocating for increased workers' rights, social welfare programs, and a more equitable distribution of wealth. While the post-Franco era didn't fully embrace a socialist model, many policies were undeniably influenced by socialist principles, demonstrating the long-term impact of decades of suppressed dissent and the eventual triumph of democratic forces.
The PSOE and the Shaping of Post-Franco Spain
The PSOE's rise to power played a significant role in the modernization and democratization of Spain. Their policies focused on expanding access to education, healthcare, and social security, reflecting a distinct move towards a more socially just society. However, this evolution was not a complete break from the past. The economic policies remained rooted in a market economy, and certain inequalities persisted, hinting at the lingering shadow of the Franco era.
The Enduring Legacy
The "era Franco socialista" remains a complex and contradictory concept. While Franco's regime was diametrically opposed to socialist values, the struggle for social justice during and after his reign indelibly shaped the development of modern Spain. The desire for a more equitable society, a legacy of both resistance and the eventual triumph of democracy, continues to influence Spanish politics and society today. The ongoing debate about economic inequality and social welfare programs serves as a testament to the enduring impact of this paradoxical period in Spanish history.
Conclusion: The term "era Franco socialista" is an apparent paradox, yet a closer examination reveals the complex interplay between Franco's authoritarian rule and the persistent pursuit of social justice. The eventual transition to democracy, influenced by decades of suppressed socialist ideals, highlights the enduring legacy of resistance and the ongoing pursuit of a more equitable Spain. The struggle for social and economic justice remains a defining feature of Spanish society to this day, a testament to the power of persistent hope and the enduring impact of the era under Franco.
FAQs:
1. Were there any socialist movements actively supporting Franco? No, Franco's regime actively suppressed all socialist and communist movements. Any apparent alignment was purely opportunistic or forced compliance.
2. How did the Catholic Church influence the transition to democracy? The Church, initially supportive of Franco, increasingly advocated for social reforms, creating a space for dissent and pushing for a more just society, indirectly fostering the transition.
3. Did the Franco regime have any socialist economic policies? While the state controlled some industries, these were primarily for the regime's benefit, not based on socialist principles of equitable wealth distribution.
4. What is the current state of socialist thought in Spain? Socialist parties remain influential, but Spain operates within a mixed economy, balancing market forces with social welfare programs.
5. How did the international context influence the end of Franco's rule? International pressure for human rights and the changing geopolitical landscape following WWII contributed to the weakening of the Franco regime and paved the way for democratic transition.
| era franco socialista: Franco Sheelagh M. Ellwood, 2014-06-17 An excellent introduction to Franco's rise to power and his four decades as autocratic head of state in Spain. |
| era franco socialista: Remembering Marielle Franco from a Theological Perspective Katharina Merian, 2024 In this Open Access book, Katharina Merian discusses memories of Marielle Franco from the perspective of the concept of dangerous memory introduced by the political theologian Johann Baptist Metz. Franco was an Afro-Brazilian human-rights activist and city councilor of Rio de Janeiro who was assassinated on March 14, 2018. Her murder elicited worldwide protest and empathy. Today she is considered an international symbol in the fight for human, women, and LGBTQ+ rights. Based on the memories of people from Franco’s inner circle, the study explores Franco’s life, what it meant to the people around her, and how her image was transformed following her murder. By critically engaging with Metz’s concept of dangerous memory, which concerns memories of suffering and unfulfilled hopes that challenge the present, Merian demonstrates that the memories of Franco represent a decolonial dangerous memory that sparks individual and collective self-empowerment among Black women, members of the LGBTQ+ community, and favela residents. This work not only contributes to a critical reappraisal of Franco’s story and the meaning of her memory in the Brazilian and international context but also proposes a differentiated understanding of dangerous memory that highlights the relationship between solidarity and self-empowerment in a moment of existential danger and threat. Katharina Merian is a senior research associate at the Faculty of Theology and Study of Religion of the University of Zurich in Switzerland. |
| era franco socialista: Democracy and Institutional Development B. Field, K. Hamann, 2008-10-14 This book analyzes Spanish political parties and institutions in comparative theoretical perspective. Two primary themes are addressed: institutionalization and the distribution of institutionalization in the polity, and the relationship between institutional design and representation . |
| era franco socialista: ¿Qué es el Nacional-Socialismo? Un trabajo de dedicación y entrega MarkoSS88, 2013-12-30 Mucho se ha hablado del Nacional-Socialismo pero ¿Qué es? Un trabajo de la mano de unos jóvenes. Hartos de mentiras, nos disponemos a limpiar la historia y nuestro nombre, un trabajo sin acritud sobre el Nacional Socialismo. Si te gusta la historia, los mitos, las curiosidades, este es tu libro. Además el beneficio que se saque será para un proyecto de NSSAP (Partido Español Nacional Socialista en Alemán) en el que se repartirá el 100%% del dinero a familias que lo necesiten, si usted está en la misma situación o conoce a alguien que lo necesite contactar con ns.sincensura@gmail.com. Un viaje a lo largo del tiempo hasta el final, es lo que recoge este libro, no te lo pierdas. |
| era franco socialista: Spain After Franco Richard Gunther, Giacomo Sani, Goldie Shabad, 1988-01-01 |
| era franco socialista: Los socialistas europeos y la transición española (1959-1977) Pilar Ortuño Anaya, 2005 |
| era franco socialista: Political Science Quarterly Munroe Smith, Thomas Reed Powell, Parker Thomas Moon, Henry Raymond Mussey, Robert Livingston Schuyler, Columbia University. Faculty of Political Science, 2001 |
| era franco socialista: Disremembering the Dictatorship , 2021-08-04 Most accounts of the Spanish transition to democracy have been celebratory exercises at the service of a stabilizing rather than a critical project of far-reaching reform. As one of the essays in this volume puts it, the “pact of oblivion,” which characterized the Spanish transition to democracy, curtailed any serious attempt to address the legacies of authoritarianism that the new democracy inherited from the Franco era. As a result, those legacies pervaded public discourse even in newly created organs of opinion. As another contributor argues, the Transition was based on the erasure of memory and the invention of a new political tradition. On the other hand, memory and its etiolation have been an object of reflection for a number of film directors and fiction writers, who have probed the return of the repressed under spectral conditions. Above all, this book strives to present memory as a performative exercise of democratic agents and an open field for encounters with different, possibly divergent, and necessarily fragmented recollections. The pact of the Transition could not entirely disguise the naturalization of a society made of winners and losers, nor could it ensure the consolidation of amnesia by political agents and by the tools that create hegemony by shaping opinion. Spanish society is haunted by the specters of a past it has tried to surmount by denying it. It seems unlikely that it can rid itself of its ghosts without in the process undermining the democracy it sought to legitimate through the erasure of memories and the drowning of witnesses' voices in the cacaphony of triumphant modernization. |
| era franco socialista: 1812 Echoes Stephen G.H. Roberts, Adam Sharman, 2013-07-26 This book commemorates the bicentenary of the landmark Spanish Constitution of 1812. Drafted by Spanish and colonial Spanish American liberals (and non-liberals) holed up in Cadiz as Napoleon’s troops occupied the surrounding hills, this war-time Constitution set out radically to redefine ‘the Spanish nation’ for a new age. In the event, it divided Spaniards and threw into sharp relief the question of Spain’s legitimacy in her American colonies. Cadiz 1812 is a defining moment in the modern history of the Spanish-speaking world. Bringing together specialists in the history, politics and culture of Spain and Latin America (the Cadiz text was a cultural and ethnic document as much as a politico-legal one), this volume represents the only large-scale commemoration in the UK of one of the world’s first liberal constitutional tracts. The point of the book, however, as of the conference and accompanying exhibition on which it is based, is not solely to reflect on the significance and repercussions of Cadiz 1812 on both sides of the Hispanic Atlantic at the time. The book also considers later interpretations of Cadiz 1812 and examines, in addition, other constitutions in the Spanish-speaking world beyond 1812. Subjects treated include: Spain’s crisis of absolutism; the Inquisition before the Constitution; liberalism and Catholicism; discourses of the 1812 Constitution; the question of sovereignty; political theatre during the Napoleonic invasion; Goya; the Spanish crisis in the British press; Lord Holland and Blanco White; Pérez Galdós’s Cádiz; futuristic literary representations of Spain’s nineteenth-century crisis; political and philosophical echoes in Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – in Cúcuta, Mexico, Argentina and Cuba; and, finally, politico-philosophical echoes in Spain – in the Liberal Triennium, in the mid-nineteenth century, in the Spanish Second Republic, in 1978, and in 2011 in the midst of the financial (but it is also a constitutional) crisis. The volume includes a specially-conducted interview with Spanish politician Alfonso Guerra, one of the figures behind the Spanish Constitution of 1978. |
| era franco socialista: Spain since 1812 Christopher Ross, 2014-02-25 Spain since 1812 is an ideal introduction to the history of Spain. The chapters are arranged chronologically and each begins with an overview of major events and movements in Europe as a whole. Emphasis is placed on understanding major developments, their causes, and the relationships between them. Spanish terms associated with key concepts and figures are introduced and explained throughout the text. Extracts from key Spanish texts, in Spanish and in translation, enable students to see, first hand, the mood of the time. Chapters end with topics for discussion to encourage critical thinking. This new edition has been revised and updated to take account of events since the Socialists' return to power in 2004. It looks at the new government's social reforms, its attempts to end ETA's violence and its response to Catalan demands for further autonomy. Also considered are changes in the country's political climate and external relationships, as well as the crisis facing Spain's economy. Written in an accessible style and assuming no prior knowledge, the books in this series address the specific needs of students on language courses, as well as anyone with an interest in modern history. Approaching the study of history via contemporary politics and society, each book offers a clear historical narrative and sets the country or region concerned in the context of the wider world. |
| era franco socialista: Discourses on Nations and Identities Daniel Syrovy, 2021-01-18 The third volume of the collected papers of the ICLA congress The Many Languages of Comparative Literature includes contributions that focus on the interplay between concepts of nation, national languages, and individual as well as collective identities. Because all literary communication happens within different kinds of power structures - linguistic, economic, political -, it often results in fascinating forms of hybridity. In the first of four thematic chapters, the papers investigate some of the ways in which discourses can establish modes of thinking, or how discourses are in turn controlled by active linguistic interventions, whether in the context of the patriarchy, war, colonialism, or political factions. The second thematic block is predominantly concerned with hybridity as an aspect of modern cultural identity, and the cultural and linguistic dimensions of domestic life and in society at large. Closely related, a third series of papers focuses on writers and texts analysed from the vantage points of exile and exophony, as well as theoretical contributions to issues of terminology and what it means to talk about transcultural phenomena. Finally, a group of papers sheds light on more overtly violent power structures, mechanisms of exclusion, Totalitarianism, torture, and censorship, but also resistance to these forms of oppression. In addition to these chapters, the volume also collects a number of thematically related group sections from the ICLA congress, preserving their original context. |
| era franco socialista: An Authoritarian Third Way in the Era of Fascism António Costa Pinto, 2021-11-25 This book takes a transnational and comparative approach that analyses the process of diffusion of a third way in selected transitions to authoritarianism in Europe and Latin America. When looking at the authoritarian wave of the 1930s, it is not difficult to see how some regimes appeared to offer an authoritarian third way somewhere between democracy and fascism. It is in this context that some Iberian dictatorships, such as those of Primo de Rivera in Spain, Salazar’s New State in Portugal and the short-lived Dollfuss regime in Austria are mentioned frequently. Especially during the 1930s, and in those parts of Europe under Axis control, these models were discussed and often adopted by several dictatorships. This book considers how and why these dictatorships on the periphery of Europe, especially Salazar’s New State in Portugal, inspired some of these regimes’ new political institutions particularly within Europe and Latin America. It pays special attention to how, as they proposed and pursued these authoritarian reforms, these domestic political actors also looked at these institutional models as suitable for their own countries. The volume is ideal for students and scholars of comparative fascism, authoritarian regimes, and European and Latin American modern history and politics. |
| era franco socialista: Historia de la construcción de Europa después de 1945 Sylvain Kahn, 2023-08-23 Al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Europa estaba destruida y fragmentada. Pero, con el correr de los años, el origen del mercado común favoreció su unión y fue el puntapié para lograr los equilibrios políticos, sociales y económicos. Sylvain Kahn, especialista en geopolítica europea, presenta un recorrido cronológico que cuenta en detalle el proceso de construcción e integración que Europa desarrolló para salir de diferentes crisis, desde 1945 hasta nuestros días. |
| era franco socialista: Il dramma di un’epoca Enrico Serventi Longhi, 2022-03-31T14:59:00+02:00 Il volume ritorna sulla straordinaria vicenda di Alfred Dreyfus, accusato nel 1894 di spionaggio nei confronti della Germania, condannato all’esilio perpetuo e alla degradazione e infine “graziato” dopo un’imponente campagna internazionale in suo favore. Una folta schiera di giornalisti italiani ne seguì le alterne vicissitudini, scrivendo su organi di stampa di orientamento politico e culturale differenti e persino opposti: dal «Corriere della Sera» alla «Stampa», dalla «Tribuna» al «Secolo», fino ai giornali militanti di varia natura. Gli interventi di letterati e scienziati, esperti di affari militari e giudiziari, uomini politici e diplomatici, rivoluzionari e sacerdoti in esilio compongono un mosaico che restituisce la dimensione polifonica e internazionale di un evento capace di mettere in discussione consolidate convinzioni morali e politiche e di caratterizzare un’epoca densa di tensioni e di contraddizioni, di speranze e di illusioni. |
| era franco socialista: Cuando Las Segovias Lloraron Sangre Juan Moncada, 2012-11 Entre las décadas de los 30 y los 80 sucedieron hechos sociales y políticos en Nicaragua que para muchos son desconocidos y para otros inolvidables. Conexiones oscuras entre nacionales y extranjeros se dieron cita. Familias completas eran torturadas salvajemente hasta la muerte, sin juicio alguno, solo por el hecho de ser sospechosos o ser colaboradores de los Revolucionarios de Sandino. Los llantos eran escuchados más allá de las fronteras, tardías acciones quizás. Esta es la historia de una de ellas, de sus sobrevivientes... Aquí nuestra historia. |
| era franco socialista: BARI Antonio Giangrande, E’ comodo definirsi scrittori da parte di chi non ha arte né parte. I letterati, che non siano poeti, cioè scrittori stringati, si dividono in narratori e saggisti. E’ facile scrivere “C’era una volta….” e parlare di cazzate con nomi di fantasia. In questo modo il successo è assicurato e non hai rompiballe che si sentono diffamati e che ti querelano e che, spesso, sono gli stessi che ti condannano. Meno facile è essere saggisti e scrivere “C’è adesso….” e parlare di cose reali con nomi e cognomi. Impossibile poi è essere saggisti e scrivere delle malefatte dei magistrati e del Potere in generale, che per logica ti perseguitano per farti cessare di scrivere. Devastante è farlo senza essere di sinistra. Quando si parla di veri scrittori ci si ricordi di Dante Alighieri e della fine che fece il primo saggista mondiale. Le vittime, vere o presunte, di soprusi, parlano solo di loro, inascoltati, pretendendo aiuto. Io da vittima non racconto di me e delle mie traversie. Ascoltato e seguito, parlo degli altri, vittime o carnefici, che l’aiuto cercato non lo concederanno mai. “Chi non conosce la verità è uno sciocco, ma chi, conoscendola, la chiama bugia, è un delinquente”. Aforisma di Bertolt Brecht. Bene. Tante verità soggettive e tante omertà son tasselli che la mente corrompono. Io le cerco, le filtro e nei miei libri compongo il puzzle, svelando l’immagine che dimostra la verità oggettiva censurata da interessi economici ed ideologie vetuste e criminali. Rappresentare con verità storica, anche scomoda ai potenti di turno, la realtà contemporanea, rapportandola al passato e proiettandola al futuro. Per non reiterare vecchi errori. Perché la massa dimentica o non conosce. Denuncio i difetti e caldeggio i pregi italici. Perché non abbiamo orgoglio e dignità per migliorarci e perché non sappiamo apprezzare, tutelare e promuovere quello che abbiamo ereditato dai nostri avi. Insomma, siamo bravi a farci del male e qualcuno deve pur essere diverso! |
| era franco socialista: Hitler e Estaline: Os Tiranos e a Segunda Guerra Mundial Laurence Rees, 2022-11-04 O conceituado historiador Laurence Rees mergulha nas profundezas dos regimes cruéis de Hitler e Estaline e mostra até que ponto os dois homens brutalizaram o mundo à sua volta. Dois ditadores do século XX distinguem-se pelo impacto e crueldade que tiveram no mundo. Aliados por um curto período de tempo durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, Hitler e Estaline tentaram depois exterminar-se mutuamente em campanhas de guerra nunca vistas no mundo moderno, afetando soldados e civis de igual modo. Quilómetros sem fim da Europa de Leste foram arruinados neste combate mortal e milhões de vidas foram sacrificadas. Recorrendo a testemunhos inéditos de soldados do Exército Vermelho e da Wehrmacht, de civis que sofreram durante o conflito e daqueles que conheceram pessoalmente os dois homens, esta obra-prima — o culminar de 30 anos de trabalho — do autor bestseller Laurence Rees, um dos melhores historiadores contemporâneos, analisa o percurso dos dois tiranos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando a Alemanha e a União Soviética travaram a maior e mais sangrenta guerra da História, demonstrando que, apesar de ferozes adversários, Hitler e Estaline eram, em grande medida, os dois lados de uma mesma moeda. «Da autoria de um dos mais conceituados especialistas na Segunda Guerra Mundial, este é um relato importante, original — e devastador — de Hitler e Estaline como ditadores.» Robert Service, autor de Estaline — Uma Biografia «Neste estudo fascinante de dois monstros, Laurence Rees é extraordinariamente percetivo e original.» Sir Antony Beevor, autor de Estalinegrado «Laurence Rees combina de forma brilhante testemunhos poderosos, uma narrativa vívida e uma análise irrefutável neste soberbo relato de como dois terríveis ditadores lideraram os seus países na guerra mais destrutiva e desumana da História.» Sir Ian Kershaw, autor de Hitler «Um trabalho extraordinário e de grande coragem. Revelador, fascinante e extremamente relevante, mostra Hitler e Estaline como nunca foram mostrados. Uma verdadeira história do nosso tempo, com tantas lições a retirar para o mundo conturbado em que vivemos hoje que irá revolucionar o entendimento que temos destes dois tiranos.» Damien Lewis, autor de The Nazi Hunters |
| era franco socialista: Barcelona and Its Surroundings Kelly Lipscomb, 2009 Geographically, CataluÑa, The region surrounding Barcelona, Is not unlike Spain as a whole. The soaring Pyrenees Mountains in the north separating Spain from France yield To The Mediterranean's Costa Brava in the east. Were it not For The ungainly resorts that have diminished its natural beauty since the 1960s, this wild coast would be the loveliest, if not the most extreme Mediterranean coast of the peninsula. Still, its features – the dark, jagged rock outcroppings, The foreboding cliffs And The general angriness of it all – have not been completely buried in concrete, just harnessed For The ease of our enjoyment. There are the remarkable ruins of EmpÍries to explore, vestiges of the Greeks And The Romans who were truly the first to develop this coast, and a few of its coastal towns – Cadaques comes to mind – were never wrecked. We have the Pyrenees to thank for saving Cadaques, since to reach it one must ascend and wind around the lower reaches of these mountains for 45 minutes (on good roads) before making the descent toward this, Salvador DalÍ's favored retreat. Developers tend to favor easier roads. Higher up in the Catalan Pyrenees, where the peaks top out at over 3,000 m (9,840 feet) and waterfalls cascade down their faces, there is more to be thankful for. A series of Romanesque churches, The product of CataluÑa's medieval golden age, when its counts allied with neighboring AragÓn to create a seafaring kingdom unrivaled in the Mediterranean at the time, are hidden in far flung valleys, set along crystalline streams away from the package tourists and even paved roads. With snowfall, The Catalan Pyrenees offer great cross-country and downhill skiing and, when it melts, great whitewater adventures. Throughout the year one can marvel at the secluded wilderness of the AigÜestortes National Park and wonder why they ever spent so much time in Barcelona. Barcelona is the stylistic capital of Spain, endowed with bold modernisme architecture, traditionally the seat of challenging art movements and, by and large, a truly modern, European city. To the west, The modest mountains surrounding the city, The champagne vineyards and beyond them the wild massif of holy Montserrat give way To The eastern realm of the barren plateau known as the Meseta, CataluÑa's driest and most desolate expanse. As the region narrows out toward the south near its border with Valencia, The delta of the RÍo Ebro, Spain's longest river, fosters wetlands that attract clouds of migratory birds. Here, As throughout the coastal regions of CataluÑa, The climate is strictly Mediterranean with generally mild winters and brutally humid and hot summers – a stark contrast To The dry air and snowy peaks of the Pyrenees. In its diverse landscapes CataluÑa certainly looks like Spain, even if it doesn't act like Spain. But by its own measure CataluÑa adds an element of sophistication and openness that serves to complement the rest of the country. Without it, Spain would have its wine, but no champagne. Barcelona is a city that immediately calls to mind great art and architecture (here one And The same), music, nightlife, walks, a great many things, As well as a great deal of misunderstanding. As a Catalan friend pointed out, We are a complex people living in a thousand places at once. Such a maelstrom of commerce, culture and idealism is not easily correlated, often leaving visitors with the feeling that, while they may have seen a GaudÍ faÇade, they were never invited inside to see what was holding it up. Here is the most detailed guide to Barcelona And The CataluÑa region that surrounds it, loaded with maps, photos and complete information on where to stay, where to dine and what to see and do. Also included is an extensive general section on Spain as a whole. An excerpt from Hunter's Adventure Guide to Spain, which is 670 pa |
| era franco socialista: I deboli sono destinati a soffrire? Yanis Varoufakis, 2016-10-27T00:00:00+02:00 Il destino dell’economia mondiale è in bilico, e l’Europa sta facendo tutto il possibile per minarlo: la tensione tra i paesi membri è altissima, e il rapporto con l’alleato di sempre, gli Stati Uniti, molto compromesso. In questo drammatico racconto dell’ascesa e del colossale crollo dell’economia europea, Yanis Varoufakis spiega come le radici del collasso vadano rintracciate molto più a fondo di quanto i nostri leader siano disposti ad ammettere – e come finora non sia stato fatto nulla per porvi rimedio. Da quando l’uragano della crisi economica si è abbattuto sull’Europa, infatti, i leader degli stati membri hanno scelto di rispondervi con una miscela di misure votate all’indebitamento e all’austerità invece di mettere in piedi un sistema di riforme, lasciando così che fossero i cittadini più poveri delle nazioni più povere a pagare il prezzo degli errori commessi dalle banche, e non facendo nulla per prevenire la prossima crisi. Al contrario, le politiche di austerity ricadute sulle nazioni più deboli, già colpite dalla recessione, hanno favorito l’insorgere di sentimenti estremisti e razzisti. Già ministro delle Finanze nel governo Tsipras, Varoufakis ha un posto in prima fila nelle stanze dove si decide la politica economica europea, e svela come la zona euro, senza un radicale cambiamento di direzione, rappresenti un castello di carte destinate a cadere e una minaccia per se stessa e la stabilità globale. |
| era franco socialista: Dance, Human Rights, and Social Justice Naomi M. Jackson, Toni Samantha Phim, 2008 Dance, Human Rights, and Social Justice: Dignity in Motion presents a wide-ranging compilation of essays, spanning more than 15 countries. Organized in four parts, the articles examine the regulation and exploitation of dancers and dance activity by government and authoritative groups, including abusive treatment of dancers within the dance profession; choreography involving human rights as a central theme; the engagement of dance as a means of healing victims of human rights abuses; and national and local social/political movements in which dance plays a powerful role in helping people fight oppression. These groundbreaking papers--both detailed scholarship and riveting personal accounts--encompass a broad spectrum of issues, from slavery and the Holocaust to the Bosnian and Rwandan genocides to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; from First Amendment cases and the AIDS epidemic to discrimination resulting from age, gender, race, and disability. A range of academics, choreographers, dancers, and dance/movement therapists draw connections between refugee camp, courtroom, theater, rehearsal studio, and university classroom. |
| era franco socialista: Enemy Brothers W. Rand Smith, 2014-10-01 Since the 1920s, Socialist and Communist parties in Europe and elsewhere have engaged in episodes of both rivalry and cooperation, with each seeking to dominate the European Left. Enemy Brothers analyzes how this relationship has developed over the past century, focusing on France, Italy, and Spain, where Socialists and Communists have been politically important. Drawing on fieldwork and interviews in all three nations, W. Rand Smith identifies the critical junctures that these parties faced and the strategic choices they made, especially regarding alliance partners. In explaining the parties' diverse alliance strategies, Enemy Brothers stresses the impact of institutional arrangements, party culture, and leadership. The paperback edition features a new afterword that updates the impact of the current euro-crisis through mid-2014. |
| era franco socialista: Teatro Marco Scatasta, 2002 |
| era franco socialista: Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War Robin Adèle Greeley, 2006-01-01 La obra es una nueva aproximación al tema de la respuesta de los artistas ante la guerra, articulando la relación entre el esfuerzo artístico y la política durante periodos de crisis social. Se analiza la amplia respuesta que la Guerra Civil Española provocó en el trabajo de Miró, Dalí, Caballero, Masson y Picasso, investigando los esfuerzos del surrealismo por establecer un puente entre el pensamiento y el acto político. |
| era franco socialista: Tutti i nemici del Procuratore Paola Bellone, 2017-01-12T00:00:00+01:00 26 giugno 1983. Alcuni sicari uccidono a colpi di pistola il Procuratore capo di Torino. Il delitto viene archiviato come omicidio di 'ndrangheta, ma le indagini portano alla luce una fitta trama di relazioni pericolose tra esponenti della criminalità organizzata, indagati eccellenti delle inchieste 'scandalo' coordinate da Bruno Caccia e – ciò che è più grave – pezzi della magistratura. Un capitolo sconcertante della recente storia giudiziaria italiana, su cui pesano i silenzi del CSM. Bruno Caccia fu ucciso dalla 'ndrangheta, senza alcun dubbio. Ma nell'anomala vicenda dell'unico omicidio di un magistrato commesso da un'associazione mafiosa nel Nord Italia rimangono molte ombre. Come sancì la seconda sentenza di appello per il delitto, infatti, e come confermò la Cassazione, il Procuratore fu ucciso in quanto «ostacolava la disponibilità altrui», cioè la disponibilità di altri magistrati verso i malavitosi. Esistono dunque, al di là degli esiti processuali, ben più ampie responsabilità che spiegano anche l'oblio a cui la vicenda è stata destinata. Il libro passa in rassegna le inchieste aperte da Caccia e prende in esame documenti inediti e nuove testimonianze. Quello che emerge è una fitta trama di relazioni pericolose tra alcuni magistrati, alcuni esponenti della criminalità organizzata e gli indagati nelle inchieste 'scandalo', che in quel terribile 1983 coinvolgevano esponenti delle istituzioni, Guardia di Finanza, massoni. La magistratura nel suo insieme ha avuto in questa vicenda – secondo l'autrice – responsabilità gravissime. È arrivato il momento di riconoscerle. |
| era franco socialista: España en Europa, 1945-2000 Julio Crespo MacLennan, 2004 |
| era franco socialista: ANNO 2022 LO SPETTACOLO E LO SPORT PRIMA PARTE ANTONIO GIANGRANDE, Antonio Giangrande, orgoglioso di essere diverso. ODIO OSTENTAZIONE ED IMPOSIZIONE. Si nasce senza volerlo. Si muore senza volerlo. Si vive una vita di prese per il culo. Tu esisti se la tv ti considera. La Tv esiste se tu la guardi. I Fatti son fatti oggettivi naturali e rimangono tali. Le Opinioni sono atti soggettivi cangianti. Le opinioni se sono oggetto di discussione ed approfondimento, diventano testimonianze. Ergo: Fatti. Con me le Opinioni cangianti e contrapposte diventano fatti. Con me la Cronaca diventa Storia. Noi siamo quello che altri hanno voluto che diventassimo. Facciamo in modo che diventiamo quello che noi avremmo (rafforzativo di saremmo) voluto diventare. Rappresentare con verità storica, anche scomoda ai potenti di turno, la realtà contemporanea, rapportandola al passato e proiettandola al futuro. Per non reiterare vecchi errori. Perché la massa dimentica o non conosce. Denuncio i difetti e caldeggio i pregi italici. Perché non abbiamo orgoglio e dignità per migliorarci e perché non sappiamo apprezzare, tutelare e promuovere quello che abbiamo ereditato dai nostri avi. Insomma, siamo bravi a farci del male e qualcuno deve pur essere diverso! |
| era franco socialista: Personalidade e Poder – Construtores e Demolidores da Europa Moderna Ian Kershaw, 2022-09-01 Assistimos na era moderna ao aparecimento de indivíduos que controlaram um conjunto aterrador de instrumentos de controlo, persuasão e morte. Sociedades inteiras foram reconfiguradas e guerras foram combatidas, muitas vezes no desrespeito cruel pelas regras mais elementares. Na cúpula dessas sociedades estavam líderes cujas personalidades de alguma forma lhes possibilitaram fazer o que quisessem. O novo livro de Ian Kershaw é uma tentativa cativante, lúcida e provocadora de entender esses líderes, quer operassem a nível global (Lenine, Estaline, Hitler, Mussolini), quer tivessem um impacto sobretudo nacional (Tito e Franco). Que tinham estes líderes, e que tempos foram aqueles em que viveram, que lhes permitiu terem um poder irrestrito e mortífero? E o que suscitou o fim dessa era? Num grupo contrastante de personalidades (Churchill, De Gaulle, Adenauer, Gorbatchev, Thatcher e Kohl), Kershaw emprega as suas excepcionais qualidades para reflectir sobre como estas outras figuras tão diferentes chegaram ao poder. |
| era franco socialista: Problems of Communism , 1981 |
| era franco socialista: It’s Nation Time Jerry White, 2024-10 Speaking at the Congress of African People in September 1970, Amiri Baraka said, “In Newark, when we greet each other on the streets, we say, ‘what time is it?’ We always say, ‘It’s nation time!’ Nationalism is about land and nation, a way of life trying to free itself.” National identity and nationhood are too often easily dismissed as retrograde populism or racist exclusion. Instead, they need to be understood as a key part of a vision of globalization that holds the imperatives of diversity and solidarity in a delicate balance. Jerry White offers a defence of the nation based on the assumption that struggles for national identity have often unfolded in ways that should be familiar to those who defend the political standpoint of the progressive left. Having evolved into something that a wide variety of actors have sought to defend, nations can also serve as a defence against the homogenizing forces of globalization and as havens of diversity in opposition to more singularly minded forms of affiliation. It’s Nation Time is structured as a series of specific case studies that speak to theories of nation and their historical and cultural manifestations. It includes examples as varied as Black nationalism, Simone Weil’s hopes for a postwar France, the first independence period of Georgia, the Bollywood cinema of Nehru-era India, and small or stateless nations such as New Zealand, Quebec, Ireland, Catalonia, the Métis, the Mohawk, and the Inuit to argue that nationalism is a social form that has much potential and life in it. Broadly internationalist but also deeply insightful about the particular cultures and politics of small nations, It’s Nation Time defends an idea of nation, and a form of nationalism that are rooted in the potential for diversity, flexibility, and progressive politics. |
| era franco socialista: Indalecio Prieto, socialista y español Octavio Cabezas, 2005 |
| era franco socialista: Storia della storiografia , 2001 |
| era franco socialista: USUROPOLI E FALLIMENTOPOLI Antonio Giangrande, E’ comodo definirsi scrittori da parte di chi non ha arte né parte. I letterati, che non siano poeti, cioè scrittori stringati, si dividono in narratori e saggisti. E’ facile scrivere “C’era una volta….” e parlare di cazzate con nomi di fantasia. In questo modo il successo è assicurato e non hai rompiballe che si sentono diffamati e che ti querelano e che, spesso, sono gli stessi che ti condannano. Meno facile è essere saggisti e scrivere “C’è adesso….” e parlare di cose reali con nomi e cognomi. Impossibile poi è essere saggisti e scrivere delle malefatte dei magistrati e del Potere in generale, che per logica ti perseguitano per farti cessare di scrivere. Devastante è farlo senza essere di sinistra. Quando si parla di veri scrittori ci si ricordi di Dante Alighieri e della fine che fece il primo saggista mondiale. Le vittime, vere o presunte, di soprusi, parlano solo di loro, inascoltati, pretendendo aiuto. Io da vittima non racconto di me e delle mie traversie. Ascoltato e seguito, parlo degli altri, vittime o carnefici, che l’aiuto cercato non lo concederanno mai. “Chi non conosce la verità è uno sciocco, ma chi, conoscendola, la chiama bugia, è un delinquente”. Aforisma di Bertolt Brecht. Bene. Tante verità soggettive e tante omertà son tasselli che la mente corrompono. Io le cerco, le filtro e nei miei libri compongo il puzzle, svelando l’immagine che dimostra la verità oggettiva censurata da interessi economici ed ideologie vetuste e criminali. Rappresentare con verità storica, anche scomoda ai potenti di turno, la realtà contemporanea, rapportandola al passato e proiettandola al futuro. Per non reiterare vecchi errori. Perché la massa dimentica o non conosce. Denuncio i difetti e caldeggio i pregi italici. Perché non abbiamo orgoglio e dignità per migliorarci e perché non sappiamo apprezzare, tutelare e promuovere quello che abbiamo ereditato dai nostri avi. Insomma, siamo bravi a farci del male e qualcuno deve pur essere diverso! |
| era franco socialista: De la IIª Guerra Mundial a la Guerra Fría. Tomo II Javier Fisac Seco, 2013-05-15 Este segundo tomo arranca del escenario geoestratégico y geopolítico creado al finalizar la IIa Guerra Mundial porque sobre ese escenario se fueron construyendo los bloques en torno a los cuales se configuró la tensión internacional que caracterizó la Guerra Fría. Una tensión militar, política e ideológica. Con una amenaza tras el telón: la guerra nuclear, que por garantizar la destrucción mutua de ambos bloques fue capaz de mantener la tensión sin desencadenar la guerra entre ambos. Una paradoja del equilibrio de fuerzas nucleares. Los orígenes de la Guerra fría están situados claramente en la respuesta soviética a la Doctrina Truman, 1947, cuando Moscú reorganizó los partidos comunistas en torno a la Kominform, a finales del mismo año. Fue en esa conferencia donde se habló por vez primera de la existencia de dos mundos o bloques. La tensión en Corea tuvo como consecuencia un sistema de tres alianzas: OTAN, SEATO y CENTO, De esta situación arrancará la coexistencia pacífica. |
| era franco socialista: ANNO 2019 LA MAFIOSITA' PRIMA PARTE ANTONIO GIANGRANDE, Noi siamo quello che altri hanno voluto che diventassimo. Facciamo in modo che diventiamo quello che noi avremmo (rafforzativo di saremmo) voluto diventare. |
| era franco socialista: Mujeres en El Periodismo Cubano Ana Núñez Machín, 1989 |
| era franco socialista: Communism And Political Systems In Western Europe David Albright, 2019-08-16 Developments of the 1970s suggest the need for a new approach to the analysis of communism in Western Europe. During the early years after World War II, Western observers tended to look upon the West European Communist parties as fundamentally an extension of communism in the USSR-as national only in the narrow, formal sense. With the growing signs |
| era franco socialista: Studia et Documenta, vol. 8(2014) Federico M. Requena, José Miguel Pero-Sanz, Laurent Touze, Miguel de Salis Amaral, Andrew Hegarty, Johannes Grohe, Carlo Pioppi, Francesc Castells, Yolanda Cagigas, Ángel Gómez-Hortigüela, 2014-03-31 To get to know in greater detail the history of Opus Dei and its founder: to get to know the central characters, what its documents say, its influence on the Catholic Church and contemporary society. Since 2007, this has benn the task of the journal Studia et Documenta. The journal gathers together studies, annotated unpublished documents, news of academic interest, reviews and synopses, and a comprehensive bibliographic bulletin. Each volume contains in the region of 500 pages. The articles are prepared by specialists and are subjected to the peer review system. |
| era franco socialista: Coming of the Spanish Civil War Paul Preston, 2003-09-02 This classic text is made newly available in a substantially revised and updated second edition. |
| era franco socialista: TARANTO Antonio Giangrande, 2013-07-15 E’ comodo definirsi scrittori da parte di chi non ha arte né parte. I letterati, che non siano poeti, cioè scrittori stringati, si dividono in narratori e saggisti. E’ facile scrivere “C’era una volta….” e parlare di cazzate con nomi di fantasia. In questo modo il successo è assicurato e non hai rompiballe che si sentono diffamati e che ti querelano e che, spesso, sono gli stessi che ti condannano. Meno facile è essere saggisti e scrivere “C’è adesso….” e parlare di cose reali con nomi e cognomi. Impossibile poi è essere saggisti e scrivere delle malefatte dei magistrati e del Potere in generale, che per logica ti perseguitano per farti cessare di scrivere. Devastante è farlo senza essere di sinistra. Quando si parla di veri scrittori ci si ricordi di Dante Alighieri e della fine che fece il primo saggista mondiale. Le vittime, vere o presunte, di soprusi, parlano solo di loro, inascoltati, pretendendo aiuto. Io da vittima non racconto di me e delle mie traversie. Ascoltato e seguito, parlo degli altri, vittime o carnefici, che l’aiuto cercato non lo concederanno mai. “Chi non conosce la verità è uno sciocco, ma chi, conoscendola, la chiama bugia, è un delinquente”. Aforisma di Bertolt Brecht. Bene. Tante verità soggettive e tante omertà son tasselli che la mente corrompono. Io le cerco, le filtro e nei miei libri compongo il puzzle, svelando l’immagine che dimostra la verità oggettiva censurata da interessi economici ed ideologie vetuste e criminali. Rappresentare con verità storica, anche scomoda ai potenti di turno, la realtà contemporanea, rapportandola al passato e proiettandola al futuro. Per non reiterare vecchi errori. Perché la massa dimentica o non conosce. Denuncio i difetti e caldeggio i pregi italici. Perché non abbiamo orgoglio e dignità per migliorarci e perché non sappiamo apprezzare, tutelare e promuovere quello che abbiamo ereditato dai nostri avi. Insomma, siamo bravi a farci del male e qualcuno deve pur essere diverso! |
| era franco socialista: Socialismo e democrazia nella lotta antifascista, 1927-1939 Domenico Zucàro, 1988 |
The Era Franco Socialista: A Paradoxical Period in Spanish …
Francisco Franco, the dictator who ruled Spain with an iron fist for nearly four decades, hardly embodies socialist ideals. Yet, the legacy of his regime and its eventual transition to …
The decline and resurgence of the Spanish Socialist Party …
of historical literature about the party before and after Franco, it is remarkable that there exists no substantial work on Spanish Socialism during the period of the dictatorship. Curiously, with the …
Información, miedo y propaganda: el peligro comunista en …
la derecha franco-británica contra el peligro comunista. Durante la Segunda República, la derecha alfonsina siguió dependiendo en buena medida de sus fuentes francesas, aunque a …
FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN DE PALENCIA UNIVERSIDAD DE …
Una de las principales es el autoritarismo, por el cual Franco tomó todos los poderes que ejerció. Este régimen autoritario era sin duda de corte muy conservador, basándose en la defensa del …
EL SOCIALISMO ESPAÑOL ANTE EL CAMBIO POLÍTICO …
El «laberinto» socialista en el momento de la muerte de Franco era tal que se podrían distinguir al menos cinco opciones socialistas de ámbito nacional. Además del PSOE, estaban: la fracción …
La «invención» de la tradición socialista La historia del
Palabras clave: socialismo, Partido Socialista Obrero Español (psoe), 1976, transición a la democracia, marxismo. Abstract : Between May and October 1976, the re-born Spanish …
Las Comisiones Obreras durante el franquismo - Dialnet
En este sentido, era necesario cuidar todas las luchas, incluidas las pequeñas luchas reivindicativas por mejoras laborales o salariales, las cuales podían servir para mejorar la …
THE SPANISH SOCIALISTS IN POWER: THIRTEEN YEARS OF …
This article analyses the economic policy in Spain during the governments of the Spanish Socialist the PSOE (1982-96). It considers the different areas of economic policy such as …
The Franco Regime - JSTOR
Falange's political fate had been sealed back in April I937 when General Franco, as the nationalists' supreme military commander and head of state, forcibly united it with the …
Tema 18- La España Democrática - WordPress.com
El socialismo dividido entre el PSP (Partido Socialista Popular, y el PSOE, habían tenido escasa presencia en la España de Franco, a excepción del mundo universitario. Desde 1974 un …
Sectorpúblico y crecimiento económico en la dictadura de …
1. Introducción. El régimen de Franco permite estudiar el interesante tema de las relaciones entre el sector público, el crecimiento económico y las dic taduras. El sector público puede …
Dictadura franquista e historiografía del franquismo
En la historiografía sobre el franquismo hay una fecha primordial, la del mes de octubre de 1984, en que se celebró un congreso sobre el tema en la Universidad de Valencia. Allí se trataron …
“STATE RACISM” IN FRANCO’S SPAIN: THE CONTINUATION …
The racist rhetoric of the Franco regime’s first period reached one of its clearest expressions in the thesis developed by the Spanish chief of military psychiatric services, Antonio Vallejo …
FRANCO Y LOS ORÍGENES DE LA GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA
El artículo desgrana cuáles fueron los elementos que condujeron al general Francisco Franco a adherirse a las corrientes militares que conspiraron contra la Segunda República Española, …
Redalyc.César Vallejo, Camino hacia una tierra socialista.
Camino hacia una tierra socialista. Escritos de viaje (selección y prólogo de Víctor Vich), Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2014, 328 páginas. Recién a mediados de la década de 1980 fueron …
Los maestros y la práctica de la educación socialista - JSTOR
En Dmango el problema de la escuela socialista era serio, ya que los n?cleos agraristas y las autoridades locales, enca bezadas por el gobernador Carlos Real, eran antisocialistas. ... po …
Catalan Identity in the Post-Franco Era: Writing Desencant in …
My article will explore the role of Catalan culture and identity after Franco’s dictatorship, particularly during the first ten years of democracy (1977-1987). Specifically, I will consider the …
EL INTERNACIONALISMO SOCIALISTA EN EUROPA DEL SUR …
Los renovadores llevaron a cabo una reforma orgánica y actualizaron la estrategia del partido de cara a la posible transición a la democracia después de la muerte de Franco. La IS reconoció …
Labor and Pacted Democracy - JSTOR
Among newly democratic nations, Spain is deservedly regarded as the very model of a pacted democracy.ll Indeed, almost every kind of pact has been attempted in Spain. In the post …
Technonatural Revolutions: The Scalar Politics of Franco's
Franco era would abandon the radical social reforms that were originally part of the regeneracionist platform and concentrate instead on the 'engineer-ing' of reservoir and …
PABLO IGLESIAS POSSE, FUNDADOR DEL PARTIDO …
EN EL CENTENARIO DEL GRUPO PARLAMENTARIO SOCIALISTA PABLO IGLESIAS POSSE, FUNDADOR DEL PARTIDO SOCIALISTA OBRERO ESPAÑOL EDUARDO PALOMAR BARÓ …
REVOLUCION SOCIALISTA Y GUERRA CIVIL
En los orígenes del movimiento socialista Clase contra clase El arraigo del anarquismo Sindicalismo socialista y sindicalismo revolucionario La guerra de Marruecos La Semana …
Franco Socialista Pdf Free Download - srv3.formsdotstar.com
Free Download Franco Socialista PDF or Read Franco Socialista PDF on The Most Popular Online PDFLAB. Only Register an Account to ... Y Me Asombra A Partes Iguales Porque Yo …
Resolução Comentada - FATEC 2007 - Curso Objetivo
Após o impeachment de Collor, Itamar Franco assumiu a presidência do Brasil, dizendo que sua meta era com-bater a pobreza, a inflação e a recessão. Sobre seu governo é correto afirmar …
Información, miedo y propaganda: el peligro comunista …
gracias a su correligionario socialista Nikolai Tasin, corresponsal de El Sol y prologuista de su libro El bolchevismo y su obra. Años después, a finales de abril de 1933, el mismo Kerenski …
Franco Socialista By Francisco Torres Garcia
Mar 13, 2024 · accione andrea kautsky e l ideologia socialista. franco socialista un libro de francisco torres home. google libros. alvaro franco abebooks. ... 21st, 2020 - meet pepe …
18 DE JULIO DE 1936 movimiento subversivo se generalizó a …
Su jefe supremo era Franco que no lo consideró nunca como un partido sino como comunión de los españoles en los ideales del 18 de julio de 1936µ, es decir ... la UGT y al Partido Socialista …
Download Free Franco Socialista - riscolar.colegiolavillita.net
Download Free Franco Socialista The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism David D. Roberts.1979 Talkin' Socialism Elliott Shore.1988 In this history of radical publishing at the turn …
Mariátegui y la formación del Partido Socialista del Perú
período formativo anarquista peruana” (Franco, 1979, pp. 248, 249 y ss.]. En mi opinión, Franco acierta al enfatizar la importancia de la atmósfera política y cultural del Perú de los años 1918 …
El enigma del doctor Juan Negrín: Perfil político de un …
POLÍTICO DE UN GOBERNANTE SOCIALISTA Por ENRIQUE MORADIELLOS Sin ningún género de dudas, la figura humana y política de don Juan Negrín Ló- ... el general Francisco …
Dallo SDI al PS - domanisocialista.it
era giá confluita nei Democratici di Sinistra (DS)4, partito in grande maggioranza di ascendenza non socialista, anche se aderente all´Internazionale Socialista e al Partito Socialista Europeo. …
ELÍAS DÍAZ: BIBLIOGRAFÍA (1961-1994) - Biblioteca Virtual …
Pensamiento español en la era de Franco (1939-1975), edición original, Cuadernos para el diálogo, Madrid, 1974, como «Notas para una historia del pensamiento español ... El Socialista …
Franco Socialista By Francisco Torres Garcia - sttbethany.ac.id
Mar 8, 2024 · socialista. homepage bookrepublic it. es opiniones de clientes franco socialista. associazione socialista francesco zoccali home facebook. spain s revolution against franco the …
Perspectivas para el movimiento socialista en América Latina
socialista en América Latina Mansilla, H. C. F. H. C. F. Mansilla: ... a presuponer que el socialismo era el camino dinámico y la posibilidad más realista ... Carlos Franco, Del marxismo …
Franco Socialista By Francisco Torres Garcia
libre. angelo saraceno. franco s legacy 13 apr 1985 the spectator archive es opiniones de clientes franco socialista March 9th, 2020 - vea reseñas y calificaciones de reseñas que otros clientes …
Franco Socialista (2022) - blog.marquisreforma
THE RELEVANCE OF FRANCO SOCIALISTA EVALUATIONS As enthusiastic viewers, we know firsthand the relevance of book testimonials when it comes to picking our following read. A …
El Cine Español De La Democracia De La Muerte De Franco Al …
Feb 24, 2024 · De Franco Al Cambio Socialista 1975 1989 By J M Caparrós Lera el cine de la transición 1975 1982 el ángel azul. la democracia no puede convertirse en víctima silenciosa. …
El Socialista Español : órgano central del P.S.O.E. Abril de 1952
En sí mismo era ingenuo esperar, co mo lo hicieron ciertos sectores liberales americanos, que Washington prdría uti lizar sus cientos de millones de dólares reservados para Franco, para …
A Era das Revoluções (1789 1848) - Archive.org
conflagração espontânea e geral, que conclui a era analisada neste livro. O que em 1789 fora o levante de uma só nação era agora, assim parecia, “a primavera dos povos” de todo um …
18 DE JULIO DE 1936 movimiento subversivo se generalizó a …
Su jefe supremo era Franco que no lo consideró nunca como un partido sino como comunión de los españoles en los ideales del 18 de julio de 1936µ, es decir ... la UGT y al Partido Socialista …
Los socialistas y la Revolución Libertadora. La Vanguardia …
Partido Socialista de la República Argentina frente a la Revolución Libertadora a través de ... Franco y, como antecedente vernáculo, a Juan Manuel de Rosas. Este sentimiento recorría …
18 DE JULIO DE 1936 movimiento subversivo se generalizó a …
Su jefe supremo era Franco que no lo consideró nunca como un partido sino como comunión de los españoles en los ideales del 18 de julio de 1936µ, es decir ... la UGT y al Partido Socialista …
DEL DESEO Y SUS ACCESOS: UNA ENTREVISTA A CRISTINA …
Gómez-Franco en dicha presentación: naturalmente, no estoy hablando de homoerotismo, sino del amor narcisista, autófago, que cree fundar el deseo en la identidad. “Amo a mi igual/ mi …
El Partido Socialista Popular: orígenes, organización y …
este trabajo, cuando siquiera era una idea en ciernes, haciéndome notar los vacíos que existían en la historiografía del socialismo argentino, en especial con respecto al Partido Socialista …
El Partido Socialdemócrata de Alemania: nacimiento, auge y …
tinente europeo, así como para su movimiento obrero y socialista. En 1871 se desarrolló la guerra franco‐prusiana, que produjo dos importantes consecuencias. La primera de ellas es que se …
EL SOCIALISMO ESPAÑOL ANTE EL CAMBIO POLÍTICO …
El «laberinto» socialista en el momento de la muerte de Franco era tal que se podrían distinguir al menos cinco opciones socialistas de ámbito nacional. Además del PSOE, estaban: la fracción …
La España de Franco: la limpieza de la cultura
La España de Franco: la limpieza de la cultura y la resistencia de los romanceros 1 The Spain of Franco: the cleaning of the culture and the resistance of the romanceros Pelai Pagès i Blanc …
“STATE RACISM” IN FRANCO’S SPAIN: THE CONTINUATION …
the way in which the Franco dictatorship gradually replaced mass murders with a more circumscribed or less visible exercise of the power of sovereignty, the right to kill. Most …
Juan Domingo Perón y el socialismo nacional: la empresa …
Javier Iglesias | Juan Domingo Perón y el socialismo nacional: la empresa para quien la trabaja | 4 se ha realizado." [10]. Se trata de una cita tan extensa como instructiva que nos muestra un …
La construcción de la alteridad. Cine e inmigración en la era …
La era socialista (1982-1996), después de la transición política, impulsó el cam-bio social y económico iniciado tras la muerte de Franco; este implicó que la década de los ochenta y la …
la segunda guerra civil de franco - La Esfera de los Libros
El generalísimo Franco, Burgos, 1 de abril de 1939 V ictoria era la estruendosa palabra que había que difundir para ilu-sionar a un pueblo que tenía que empezar de cero: «¡Victoria!». El grito …
La vacanza degli dei - Villa Tre Ville
di Villa Treville, e nessuno forse si era stupito che l’americano non fosse la prima spia. Anche Michail Semenov, eccentrico scrittore russo, era una spia socialista negli schedari della polizia …
FILIPPO TURATI, THE MILANESE SCHISM, AND THE …
(8) See Franco Pedone, Il Partito Socialista Italiano nei suoi congressi , Milano, Avanti!, 1959-63, pp. 102-72. (9) On May 29, 1901, the Directorate refused to grant the deputies permission to …
Franco Socialista 1 - grousemountain.com
Oct 11, 2024 · Franco Socialista 3 3 "appeasement," yet, as the name suggests, the conflict had distinctly Spanish characteristics. The pressures that led to war were particular to the country, …
EL MUNDO IDEOLÓGICO Y POLÍTICO DE JOSÉ CARLOS …
1968 --1975, era redescubierto en los trabajos de José Aricó y Carlos Franco como un marxista 1 “El mariateguismo es una confusión de ideas procedente de las más diversas fuentes. No hay …
los crímenes de franco en euskal herria 1936-1940
elegido alcalde al socialista Alejandro Tellería que, ante una multitud que se agolpaba en la Plaza Unzaga, abrió el balcón y desplegó una gran bandera tricolor, republicana. Los concejales …
La República de las mujeres - ResearchGate
era el grupo social que más esperanzas tenían depositadas en él, y a las que a su vez más se las animaba a participar consciente y activamente en el desarrollo del mismo.
EL SOCIALISTA - Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
FRANCO «EL ETERNO» En la serie de pintorescos dictadores hispanoamericanos el Paraguay ofrece uno que, por su resistencia a la adver sidad y a los años era llamado « el eterno ». En …
Franco Socialista By Francisco Torres Garcia - imds.ac.id
Franco Socialista By Francisco Torres Garcia ... 2020 - meet pepe carvalho the book burning one of 19 crime novels in a series that arced from the fallout of the franco era to the early years of …
Documentación. www.generalisimofranco.com 1
ministro socialista, como Anastasio de Gracia– acudían a visitar la “checa” para dar alientos y fervores a los hombres que componían su brigadilla. Era tal la influencia de García Atadell en …
Una unificación inacabada: la formación de las Juventudes …
era la de la izquierda socialista). La UJCE, por su parte, propuso a la FJS que ingresara en la Internacional Juvenil Comunista (IJC) y enviara una delegación a Moscú para discutir con otra …
LAS FUENTES ORALES Y LA HISTORIOGRAFIA DEL …
Debo aclarar en seguida que FE de las JONS no era, por sí sola, aquel partido único. En realidad, el llamado "partido único" de Franco era una amalgama de cuatro partidos distintos, …
Franco Socialista By Francisco Torres Garcia
Mar 13, 2024 · es opiniones de clientes franco socialista. el cine español de la democracia de la muerte de franco. log into facebook facebook. rafael torres casa del libro. the man who closed …
La construcción de la alteridad. Cine e inmigración en la era …
La era socialista (1982-1996), después de la transición política, impulsó el cam-bio social y económico iniciado tras la muerte de Franco; este implicó que la década de los ochenta y la …
LA LANTERNA - fondazionesanguanini.it
Franco Sanguanini era stato se-gretario del Partito Socialista a Mantova, vicesegretario della CGIL di Mantova e sindacalista di molte categorie di lavoratori. Il suo ricor-do è rimasto …
El Socialista Español : órgano central del P.S.O.E. Año III, núm.
Franco ha venido a disipar las ya escasas ilusiones que algunos com- Franco-Don Juan, las relaciones de patriotas se hacían acerca de la actitud de los monárquicos españoles, ambos …
La prohibición del aborto en la Rumanía de Ceaucescu y la …
la propiedad socialista del conjunto de la sociedad. Dar a luz es un deber patriótico. Aquellos que rehúsan hacerlo son desertores que escapan de la ley de la continuidad natural”.9 Igualmente, …
