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East African Trade Routes: A Historical Journey Through Commerce and Culture
Introduction:
For centuries, the vibrant tapestry of East Africa has been woven with threads of trade. From the ancient spice routes to the bustling modern ports, the region's economic and cultural history is inextricably linked to its intricate network of trade routes. This comprehensive guide delves into the fascinating history of East African trade routes, exploring their evolution, significance, and lasting impact on the region's development. We'll journey through time, examining the key players, traded goods, and the challenges faced along these vital arteries of commerce. Prepare to uncover the rich story behind the goods, the people, and the enduring legacy of East African trade.
The Rise of Coastal Trade: Ancient Networks and the Swahili Coast (H2)
The earliest East African trade routes centered on the Swahili Coast, a stretch of coastline extending from southern Somalia to northern Mozambique. This area's strategic location at the crossroads of the Indian Ocean basin proved crucial.
Early Influences and the Indian Ocean Trade (H3)
From as early as the 1st century CE, Arab traders established trading posts along the coast, facilitating the exchange of goods between East Africa, Arabia, India, and beyond. These early connections laid the groundwork for the flourishing maritime trade that would define the region for centuries. The monsoon winds, predictable and reliable, proved essential for navigation, making the Indian Ocean a natural highway for commerce.
Key Goods Traded (H3)
The trade wasn't just about goods; it was a dynamic exchange of ideas and cultures. East Africa exported a wide array of valuable commodities, including:
Gold: Sourced from mines in Zimbabwe and other inland regions, gold was a highly prized commodity throughout the ancient world.
Ivory: Obtained from elephants, ivory was used for crafting decorative objects and religious artifacts.
Slaves: Tragically, the slave trade was a significant component of the East African trade network, devastating communities and leaving a lasting scar on the region's history.
Spices: Cloves, cinnamon, and other spices from the East Indies were traded through East Africa, adding to the region's economic importance.
Inland Trade Routes: Connecting the Coast to the Interior (H2)
While coastal trade dominated, sophisticated inland trade routes connected the coast to the vast interior of East Africa.
The Importance of Caravan Routes (H3)
Caravan routes, often traversing challenging terrains, were vital for transporting goods from the interior to the coast and vice-versa. These routes facilitated the trade of goods like:
Iron: Essential for tools and weapons, iron was crucial for the development of agricultural societies and military strength.
Textiles: Cottons and other textiles were produced in the interior and highly valued in coastal markets.
Livestock: Cattle, goats, and other livestock were important components of trade, contributing to food security and economic exchange.
Challenges and Dangers (H3)
Inland trade was fraught with difficulties. Caravans faced numerous challenges, including:
Banditry and raiding: Travelers were constantly threatened by bandits and inter-tribal conflicts.
Harsh climate: The unpredictable climate and challenging terrain made journeys arduous and dangerous.
Disease: Outbreaks of disease could decimate caravans and disrupt trade.
The Impact of Colonialism on East African Trade Routes (H2)
The arrival of European colonial powers in the 19th century drastically altered East African trade routes.
The Shift in Trade Patterns (H3)
Colonial powers shifted trade towards their own economic interests, often exploiting existing infrastructure and disrupting traditional trade networks. New ports were developed, and trade was increasingly channeled towards European markets.
The Legacy of Colonialism (H3)
The legacy of colonialism continues to shape East African trade today. Many of the region's infrastructure challenges stem from the legacy of colonial development, while the patterns of trade established during this period still influence economic relations.
Modern East African Trade Routes: A Complex and Dynamic Landscape (H2)
Today, East Africa boasts a complex and evolving network of trade routes.
Infrastructure Development and Regional Integration (H3)
Significant investments in infrastructure, including roads, railways, and ports, are attempting to improve connectivity and facilitate trade within the region and with global markets. Initiatives like the East African Community (EAC) are driving regional integration, aimed at reducing trade barriers and promoting economic cooperation.
Challenges and Opportunities (H3)
While significant progress has been made, challenges remain, including inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic hurdles, and ongoing conflicts in certain areas. Nevertheless, the potential for growth is enormous, given the region's vast resources, youthful population, and increasingly integrated global economy.
Conclusion:
The history of East African trade routes is a fascinating journey through time, revealing the complex interplay between geography, culture, and economics. From the ancient spice routes to the modern infrastructure projects, these routes have shaped the region's development and continue to play a critical role in its future. Understanding this history is vital for appreciating the region's rich heritage and for navigating the complex challenges and opportunities facing East Africa in the 21st century.
FAQs:
1. What were the primary motivations for early East African trade? Early trade was driven by the acquisition of valuable goods like gold, ivory, and spices, as well as the desire for luxury items and cultural exchange.
2. How did the monsoon winds influence East African trade? The predictable monsoon winds facilitated navigation, making the Indian Ocean a relatively safe and efficient trade route.
3. What impact did the slave trade have on East Africa? The slave trade had a devastating and lasting impact on East African societies, leading to population decline, social disruption, and economic exploitation.
4. What are some of the major challenges facing modern East African trade? Challenges include inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic barriers, regional conflicts, and competition from other global trade routes.
5. How is East Africa promoting regional trade integration? Initiatives like the East African Community (EAC) aim to harmonize trade policies, reduce barriers, and improve infrastructure to promote economic cooperation among member states.
| east african trade routes: Problems in the History of Modern Africa Robert O. Collins, 1997 A presentation of important issues in the study of modern Africa. It addresses: decolonization and the end of Empire; democracy and the nation state; epidemics in Africa - the human and financial costs; development - failure or success; the African environment - origins of a crisis; and more. |
| east african trade routes: Fluid Networks and Hegemonic Powers in the Western Indian Ocean Collectif, 2018-07-19 The present volume sets forth to analyse illustrative aspects of the deep-rooted immersion of the populations of the eastern coasts of Africa in the vast network of commercial, cultural and religious interactions that extend to the Middle-East and the Indian subcontinent, as well as the long-time involvement of various exogenous military, administrative and economic powers (Ottoman, Omani, Portuguese, Dutch, British, French and, more recently, European-Americans). |
| east african trade routes: Muted Memories Jan Lindström, 2019-08-01 In the late nineteenth century, tens of thousands of porters carried ivory every year from the African interior to Bagamoyo, a port town at the Indian Ocean. In the opposite direction, they carried millions of meters of cloth, manufactured in the USA, Europe, and India. This book examines the centrality of the caravan trade, both culturally and economically, to Bagamoyo’s development and cosmopolitan character, while also exploring how this history was silenced when Bagamoyo was instead branded as a slave route town in 2006 in an attempt to qualify it for the UNESCO World Heritage List. |
| east african trade routes: MAPPING THE WORLD p.r.servidad, 2024-07-18 The ancient sands of Africa bore witness to the earliest inklings of recorded history, with Ancient Egypt standing as a beacon of knowledge and wisdom. From the Nile delta to the Horn of Africa, the Maghreb, and the western Sahel, the threads of civilization intertwined, weaving a rich tapestry of cultures and traditions. With the shifting sands of time came the desertification of the Sahara, linking North and East African narratives with the realms of the Middle East and Southern Europe. Amidst this backdrop of cultural exchange and exploration, the Bantu expansion rippled across the sub-Saharan continent, from the lands of modern-day Cameroon to the far reaches of the Southern continent, fostering a linguistic unity that bridged diverse communities. In the realm of pre-colonial Africa, kingdoms and empires flourished in every corner of the continent, each a testament to the resilience and ingenuity of its people. |
| east african trade routes: Pre-Colonial African Trade: Essays on Trade in Central and Eastern Africa Before 1900 Richard Gray, David Birmingham, 1970 |
| east african trade routes: Trade in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond D. J. Mattingly, 2017-11-30 Demonstrates that the pre-Islamic Sahara was a more connected region than previously thought, with trade an essential linking element. |
| east african trade routes: The African Diaspora in Asian Trade Routes and Cultural Memories Shihan de S. Jayasuriya, 2010 |
| east african trade routes: Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time Kathleen Bickford Berzock, 2019-02-26 Issued in conjunction with the exhibition Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time, held January 26, 2019-July 21, 2019, Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. |
| east african trade routes: Trade and Civilisation Kristian Kristiansen, Thomas Lindkvist, Janken Myrdal, 2018-07-05 Provides the first global analysis of the relationship between trade and civilisation from the beginning of civilisation until the modern era. |
| east african trade routes: Atlas of World History Patrick Karl O'Brien, Patrick O'Brien, 2002 Synthesizing exceptional cartography and impeccable scholarship, this edition traces 12,000 years of history with 450 maps and over 200,000 words of text. 200 illustrations. |
| east african trade routes: A Century of Change in Eastern Africa William Arens, 2011-05-12 |
| east african trade routes: The Swahili Mark Horton, John Middleton, 2001-03-05 This wide-ranging volume integrates documentary sources and contemporary archaeological evidence to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date account of Swahili history, anthropology, language and culture. |
| east african trade routes: East Africa and Its Invaders Sir Reginald Coupland, 2018-02-27 East Africa and Its Invaders, originally published in 1938, covers the history of mid-East Africa—the area between Mozambique and Cape Guardafui—from its beginnings down to the death of the greatest Arab ruler in East Africa, Seyyid Said, in 1856. The author—prominent British Empire historian Sir Reginald Coupland (1884-1952) and a longtime Oxford professor, best known for his scholarship on African history—describes in detail, and mainly from hitherto unpublished sources, the character of Arab rule in East Africa and the impact on its people of European and American ‘invaders’: merchants, missionaries, explorers, and political agents. Special attention is given to the British efforts to suppress the Arab Slave Trade. |
| east african trade routes: East Africa Robert M. Maxon, 2009 [The author] revisits the diverse eastern region of Africa, including the modern nations of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.-- |
| east african trade routes: Studies in East African Geography and Development S.H. Ominde, 2024-03-29 This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1971. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived |
| east african trade routes: A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture Finbarr Barry Flood, Gulru Necipoglu, 2017-06-16 The two-volume Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture bridges the gap between monograph and survey text by providing a new level of access and interpretation to Islamic art. The more than 50 newly commissioned essays revisit canonical topics, and include original approaches and scholarship on neglected aspects of the field. This two-volume Companion showcases more than 50 specially commissioned essays and an introduction that survey Islamic art and architecture in all its traditional grandeur Essays are organized according to a new chronological-geographical paradigm that remaps the unprecedented expansion of the field and reflects the nuances of major artistic and political developments during the 1400-year span The Companion represents recent developments in the field, and encourages future horizons by commissioning innovative essays that provide fresh perspectives on canonical subjects, such as early Islamic art, sacred spaces, palaces, urbanism, ornament, arts of the book, and the portable arts while introducing others that have been previously neglected, including unexplored geographies and periods, transregional connectivities, talismans and magic, consumption and networks of portability, museums and collecting, and contemporary art worlds; the essays entail strong comparative and historiographic dimensions The volumes are accompanied by a map, and each subsection is preceded by a brief outline of the main cultural and historical developments during the period in question The volumes include periods and regions typically excluded from survey books including modern and contemporary art-architecture; China, Indonesia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sicily, the New World (Americas) |
| east african trade routes: Seaports and Development B. S. Hoyle, 2012-07-26 This book, originally published in 1983, demonstrates the importance of seaports in the growth of less-developed countries. The author focuses on the character of port activity within the context of transport systems and regional economic planning. General principles of port development are illustrated by detailed reference to one Third World port group, that of the Indian Ocean coasts of Kenya and Tanzania. The objective is not merely to illustrate the character of one specific group of ports, but to demonstrate methods of analysis and to underline the crucial role of ports in the development process. |
| east african trade routes: Egypts African Empire Dr Alice Moore-Harell, 2014-03-01 This book is a detailed and original study of the creation of the province of Equatoria, located in present-day Southern Sudan. No detailed account has previously been published on the effort to conquer and create a new Egyptian province in the 1870s in the interior of Africa, despite its importance to the history of the on-going northsouth conflict in the Sudan. The annexation of Equatoria emerged from the Khedive (viceroy) Ismail's aspiration for an African empire that would control the source of the White Nile at Lake Victoria. At the time he was under pressure from the British government to suppress the lucrative slave trade in the Turco-Egyptian Sudan, and to this end the new province was to be under direct control of Cairo and not the authorities in Khartoum. The two conquering expeditions of Equatoria were led by Britons, Samuel Baker and Charles Gordon (later Governor-General of the Sudan). With them were other Europeans, Americans, Sudanese and Egyptians. Baker, Gordon and some of the others left detailed accounts of their experience in the region. All of which contribute to our knowledge not only of the difficulties involved in the annexation of a region thousands of kilometres from Cairo, but also geographical data and a record of the complex human relations that developed between the men involved in the expeditions, and the creation of the new province. Official documents from the Egyptian state archive, Dar al-Wathaiq, provide detailed accounts of the politics of the annexation of Equatoria, and these accounts are discussed in their historical context. |
| east african trade routes: Double and Triple Tracking on Subsidized Trade Routes United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine, 1956 Considers effects of granting operating-differential subsidies to competing shippers for the same foreign trade route. |
| east african trade routes: Life, Wanderings and Labours in Eastern Africa Charles New, 2014-04-08 A history of East Africa and its people, 20 years before the main period of European penetration. |
| east african trade routes: Ethnicity and Empire in Kenya Myles Osborne, 2014-08-29 This work analyses the ethnicity in Kenya over the past two hundred years, focusing on the Kamba ethnic group that inhabits eastern Kenya. |
| east african trade routes: Transport Prices and Costs in Africa Supee Teravaninthorn, Gaël Raballand, 2009 Transport prices for most African landlocked countries range from 15 to 20 percent of import costs. This is approximately two to three times more than in most developed countries. It is well known that weak infrastructure can account for low trade performance. Thus, it becomes necessary to understand what types of regional transport services operate in landlocked African nations and it is critical to identify the regulation disparities and provision anomalies that hurt infrastructure efficiency, even when the physical infrastructure, such as a road transport corridor, exists. Transport Prices and Costs in Africa analyzes the various reasons for poor transport performance seen widely throughout Africa and provides a compelling case for a number of national and regional reforms that are vital to the effort to address the underlying causes of high transport prices and costs and service unpredictability seen in Africa. The book will greatly help supervisory authorities throughout the region develop and implement a comprehensive transport policy that will facilitate long-term growth. |
| east african trade routes: Across the Sahara Klaus Braun, Jacqueline Passon, 2020-08-14 This open access book provides a multi-perspective approach to the caravan trade in the Sahara during the 19th century. Based on travelogues from European travelers, recently found Arab sources, historical maps and results from several expeditions, the book gives an overview of the historical periods of the caravan trade as well as detailed information about the infrastructure which was necessary to establish those trade networks. Included are a variety of unique historical and recent maps as well as remote sensing images of the important trade routes and the corresponding historic oases. To give a deeper understanding of how those trading networks work, aspects such as culturally influenced concepts of spatial orientation are discussed. The book aims to be a useful reference for the caravan trade in the Sahara, that can be recommended both to students and to specialists and researchers in the field of Geography, History and African Studies. |
| east african trade routes: Navigating Colonial Orders Kirsten Alsaker Kjerland, Bjørn Enge Bertelsen, 2014-11-01 Norwegians in colonial Africa and Oceania had varying aspirations and adapted in different ways to changing social, political and geographical circumstances in foreign, colonial settings. They included Norwegian shipowners, captains, and diplomats; traders and whalers along the African coast and in Antarctica; large-scale plantation owners in Mozambique and Hawai’i; big business men in South Africa; jacks of all trades in the Solomon Islands; timber merchants on Zanzibar’ coffee farmers in Kenya; and King Leopold’s footmen in Congo. This collection reveals narratives of the colonial era that are often ignored or obscured by the national histories of former colonial powers. It charts the entrepreneurial routes chosen by various Norwegians and the places they ventured, while demonstrating the importance of recognizing the complicity of such “non-colonial colonials” for understanding the complexity of colonial history. |
| east african trade routes: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Hakluyt Society, 1980 The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a short work of uncertain date and unknown authorship, written in very difficult Greek. It is concerned with the coasts of the Red Sea and -Indian Ocean and may be described as a combined trade directory and Admiralty Handbook, giving sailing directions and information about navigational hazards, harbours, imports and exports. It is of great value for the study of the commerce of the Roman Empire and the early history of East Africa, South Arabia and India. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1980. |
| east african trade routes: Carriers of Culture Stephen Rockel, 2006-07-30 Much writing about 19th-century East Africa has been distorted by the legacy of post-Enlightenment thought as well as by more insidious racist ideologies. Humanitarian lobbies throughout Western Europe, strongly influenced by positivist ideas, and campaigning to highlight the ravages of the slave trade, condemned Africa in their writings and propaganda to the periphery, outside universal history. Africa was reduced to a continent of slavery, in which the market, entrepreneurship and free wage labour could not exist. These ideas penetrated scholarly works and still survive in some guises. The consequence is that a variety of initiatives and forms of labour organization associated with the long distance trades in ivory and imported cloth have been overlooked by scholars, while the slave paradigm received widespread attention. Utilizing the conceptual tool of crew culture, Rockel documents a large-scale African migrant labour system. Nyamwezi caravan porters from the interior, as well as coastal Zanzibaris and Waungwana, forged a unique way of life in which market values and experience of wage labour and the caravan safari combined with customary standards and notions of honour derived from innovative reconceptualizations of tradition. The safari experience, commercial change, and interactions with peasant and pastoral communities along the trade routes, all contributed to the emergence of a unique East Africa modernity. This book can be read on a variety of levels It is a journey, a labour history, a story of African initiative and adaptation to modernity, and a contribution to a history of Tanzania and East Africa that gives due attention to intersocietal linkages, and networks. Rockel utilizes a variety of methodologies and theoretical approaches derived from neo-Marxist and postcolonial perspectives, as well as Africanist innovations in oral historiography and labour and gender studies. Drawing on such insights, Carriers of Culture develops and expands our understanding of the way workers invent new and unique cultures to make sense of and control the labour process, create support networks including collective leisure activities, maximize and protect economic interests, and manage the labour market. The book is clearly written, and is illustrated with late-19th-century photographs and artwork. |
| east african trade routes: Drawdown Paul Hawken, 2017-04-18 • New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world. |
| east african trade routes: Early Maritime Cultures in East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Akshay Sarathi, 2018-11-30 This volume represents a multi-disciplinary effort to examine East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean. Multiple lines of evidence drawn from linguistics, archaeology, history, art history, and ethnography come together in novel ways to highlight different aspects of the region’s past and offer innovative avenues for future research. |
| east african trade routes: Mining Africa. Law, Environment, Society and Politics in Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives Artwell Nhemachena, V. Warikandwa, 2017-05-01 This book is a pacesetter in matters of mining and the environment in Africa from multidisciplinary and spatio-temporal perspectives. The book approaches mining from the perspectives of law, politics, archaeology, anthropology, African studies, geography, human ecology, sociology, history, economics and development. It interrogates mining and environment from the perspectives of customary law as well as from the perspectives of Euro-modern laws. In this sense, the book straddles precolonial, colonial and postcolonial mining and environmental perspectives. In all this, it maintains a Pan-Africanist perspective that also speaks to contemporary debates on African Renaissance and to the unity of Africa. From scrutinising the lived realities of African miners who are often insensitively and unjustly addressed as illegal miners, the book also interrogates transnational mining corporations; matters of corporate social responsibility as well as matters of tax evasions by transnational corporations whose commitment to accountability to African governments is questioned. With both theoretical chapters and chapter based on empirical studies on mining and the environment across the African continent, the book provides a much needed holistic, one stop shop for scholars, activists, researchers and policy makers who need a comprehensive treatise on African mining and the environment. The book comes at the right time when matters of African mining and environment are increasingly coming to the fore in the light of discourses about the new 21st century scramble for African resources, in which big transnational corporations and nations are jostling to suck Africa dry in their race to control planetary resources. It is a book that speaks to contemporary broader issues of (de-)coloniality and transformation of African minds and African environmental resources. |
| east african trade routes: Encyclopedia of African Peoples The Diagram Group,, 2013-11-26 Africa is a vast continent, home to many millions of people. Its history stretches back millennia and encompasses some of the most ancient civilizations in the world. Modern Africa boasts a rich cultural heritage, the legacy of many diverse influences from all around the world, reflecting the central role African plays in world history. Encyclopedia of African Peoples provides extensive information about Africa's cultures, history, geography, economics, and politics; it provides an invaluable overview of the whole continent, region by region, ethnic group by ethnic group, nation by nation, personality by personality. Sections include: *Africa Today * The Peoples of Africa * Culture and History * The Nations of Africa * Biographies Past to Present * Glossary * Index. |
| east african trade routes: Encyclopedia of Africa Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates (Jr.), 2010 The Encyclopedia of Africa presents the most up-to-date and thorough reference on this region of ever-growing importance in world history, politics, and culture. Its core is comprised of the entries focusing on African history and culture from 2005's acclaimed five-volume Africana - nearly two-thirds of these 1,300 entries have been updated, revised, and expanded to reflect the most recent scholarship. Organized in an A-Z format, the articles cover prominent individuals, events, trends, places, political movements, art forms, business and trade, religions, ethnic groups, organizations, and countries throughout Africa. There are articles on contemporary nations of sub-Saharan Africa, ethnic groups from various regions of Africa, and European colonial powers. Other examples include Congo River, Ivory trade, Mau Mau rebellion, and Pastoralism. The Encyclopedia of Africa is sure to become the essential resource in the field. |
| east african trade routes: Journal Manchester Geographical Society, 1890 |
| east african trade routes: An Economic History of Tropical Africa J.M. Konczacki, Z.A. Konczacki, 2013-01-11 These articles cover: early agricultural development; history of agricultural crops; patterns of land use and tenure; introduction and use of metals; economic and technological aspects of the Iron Age; patterns of trade; trade routes and centres; and media of exchange. |
| east african trade routes: Federal Register , 1960-12 |
| east african trade routes: The Atlantic Connection Anna Suranyi, 2015-05-15 Focusing on the interconnections of the Atlantic world from 1450-1900, The Atlantic Connection examines the major themes of Atlantic history. During this period, ships, goods, diseases, human beings and ideas flowed across the ocean, tying together the Atlantic basin in a complex web of relationships. Divided into five main thematic sections while maintaining a broadly chronological structure, this book considers key cultural themes such as gender, social developments, the economy, and ideologies as well as: - the role of the Atlantic in ensuring European dominance - the creation of a set of societies with new cultural norms and philosophical ideals that continued to evolve and to transform not only the Atlantic, but the rest of the world - the contestation over rights and justice that emerged from the Atlantic world which continues to exist as a significant issue today. The Atlantic Connection is shaped by its exploration of a key question: how did Europe come to dominate the Atlantic if not through its technological prowess? Adeptly weaving a multitude of events into a larger analytical narrative, this book provides a fascinating insight into this complex region and will be essential reading for students of Atlantic history. |
| east african trade routes: A Millennium of Cultural Contact Alistair Paterson, 2016-06-16 A comprehensive textbook detailing the millennium of cultural contact between European societies and the rest of the world. |
| east african trade routes: Pastimes and Politics Laura Fair, 2001-10-01 The first decades of the twentieth century were years of dramatic change in Zanzibar, a time when the social, economic, and political lives of island residents were in incredible flux, framed by the abolition of slavery, the introduction of colonialism, and a tide of urban migration. Pastimes and Politics explores the era from the perspective of the urban poor, highlighting the numerous and varied ways that recently freed slaves and other immigrants to town struggled to improve their individual and collective lives and to create a sense of community within this new environment. In this study Laura Fair explores a range of cultural and social practices that gave expression to slaves’ ideas of emancipation, as well as how such ideas and practices were gendered. Pastimes and Politics examines the ways in which various cultural practices, including taarab music, dress, football, ethnicity, and sexuality, changed during the early twentieth century in relation to islanders’ changing social and political identities. Professor Fair argues that cultural changes were not merely reflections of social and political transformations. Rather, leisure and popular culture were critical practices through which the colonized and former slaves transformed themselves and the society in which they lived. Methodologically innovative and clearly written, Pastimes and Politics is accessible to specialists and general readers alike. It is a book that should find wide use in courses on African history, urbanization, popular culture, gender studies, or emancipation. |
| east african trade routes: Transformations in Slavery Paul E. Lovejoy, 2011-10-10 This history of African slavery from the fifteenth to the early twentieth centuries examines how indigenous African slavery developed within an international context. Paul E. Lovejoy discusses the medieval Islamic slave trade and the Atlantic trade as well as the enslavement process and the marketing of slaves. He considers the impact of European abolition and assesses slavery's role in African history. The book corrects the accepted interpretation that African slavery was mild and resulted in the slaves' assimilation. Instead, slaves were used extensively in production, although the exploitation methods and the relationships to world markets differed from those in the Americas. Nevertheless, slavery in Africa, like slavery in the Americas, developed from its position on the periphery of capitalist Europe. This new edition revises all statistical material on the slave trade demography and incorporates recent research and an updated bibliography. |
| east african trade routes: The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society Manchester Geographical Society, 1885 |
| east african trade routes: The East Africa Protectorate Charles Eliot, 1966 First Published in 1966. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
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This comprehensive guide delves into the fascinating history of East African trade routes, exploring their evolution, significance, and lasting impact on the region's development. We'll journey through time, examining the key players, traded
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Economic Consequences of Long-Distance Trade in East …
caravan routes through the interior of eastern Africa. Disease and long-distance trade thus became inextricably linked, with caravans serving as an effective mecha-nism for transmitting alien …
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes - OER Project
From 1200 to 1450, an extensive trans-Saharan trading system reached its peak. Huge caravans of camels and merchants transported goods from one “shore” of the desert to the other. Trade …
The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century - JSTOR
East African ivory trade took place. An increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the …
The shifting hierarchy of strategic SADC liner ports
Abstract. This paper explores the future development potential of strategic liner ports in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region with the purpose of identifying a hub …
Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa
Based on the above, trade routes were discovered and recorded criss-crossing the continent from north to south, east to north, east to south, and west to north within and outside Africa, …
East African Trade Routes - netsec.csuci.edu
This comprehensive guide delves into the fascinating history of East African trade routes, exploring their evolution, significance, and lasting impact on the region's development. We'll journey through time, examining the key players, traded
Long Distance Trade Routes In East Africa
This trade was directly responsible for seismic shifts in African economies and the foundation of new empires. This book explores how this complex trade network shaped the history of Africa, the Middle East, and Europe.
in East Africa (RAATTE) study, TradeMark East Africa’s …
Overall, the study identified the key trade routes being used for freight movements in East Africa, established that Rwanda has largely shifted to use of the Central Corridor for imports, and catalogued a variety of costs that are not well-studied in East Africa.
Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa - Rogalski's History Class
Trade Routes of East Africa • How did religion influence the development of Axum and Ethiopia? • What effects did trade have on city-states in East Africa? • What have archaeologists discovered about Great Zimbabwe? 3
Cross-border road corridors - African Development Bank
In East Africa, the Mombasa - Nairobi - Addis Ababa corridor has received more than USD 1 billion from the Bank. The road now allows Ethiopia to trade at least 20% of its freight more competitively through the port of Mombasa. Bilateral trade between Ethiopia and Kenya has increased by 400%.
Chapter 7 Local and External Trade Contacts with East …
7. Where was the destination of slaves from the East African coast? 8. Draw a sketch map of East Africa and show the routes that were used by the slave traders. Activity 7.1: Features of local, Indian Ocean trade and slave trade in East Africa
East African Ports in the Geostrategic Scramble – Eyes on …
East African ports, such as Mombasa and Dar es Salaam, are vital gateways for trade, connecting land-locked nations in the region to international markets. These ports drive economic growth, generate reve-nue, and create jobs.
Trade Integration in the East African Community: An …
The paper analyses the potential trade impact of the forthcoming East African Community (EAC) customs union. It examines the trade linkages among the member countries of the EAC and the extent to which the introduction of the EAC common …
Long Distance Trade and Social Change in East Africa - JSTOR
LONG DISTANCE TRADE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN EAST AFRICA The Art of Survival in East Africa: The Kerebe and Long Distance Trade, 180o-i895. By GERALD W. HARTWIG. New York: Africana Publishing Company, 1976. Pp. 253. Maps, index. $24.00. The Kerebe live on islands off the southern shores of Lake Victoria. Hartwig's
The Sofala Coast (Mozambique) in the Century: between the …
Regional African trade routes played a very important role in this system because of the coastal ports from the Bazaruto Islands up to the North of Mozambique.
Archaeological Perspective on the Impacts of Caravan Trade …
East African caravan trade, a topic that was traditionally exclusive to historians. Long-term empirical evidence currently generated by archaeologists continues to consolidate our understanding of the caravan trade, and helps to question some inferences previously drawn from colonial libraries.
Unit Two: Early African Kingdoms and Arabic Trade …
Describe maritime and overland trade routes linking regions of Afro-Eurasia and analyze the importance of international trade for African and Eurasian societies. (Draw evidence
Kenya’s Trade within the East African Community ... - Brookings
Jul 1, 2016 · e arrangements are instrumental in promoting global trade and foreign direct investment. The East African Community (EAC), one example of such an agreement, is com-prised of Burundi, Kenya,...
History of African Trade
African trade when contact was made with the African regions bordered by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Centuries of Euro-African trade, especially the export slave trade that privileged the use of firearms and liquor (both logistical needs in warfare and coveted items in trade), disrupted African production, brought a sense of
EAST AFRICA - U.S. Agency for International Development
The East Africa Trade Promotion and African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) project supports the goals of the AGOA, a U.S. Trade Act that was enacted in 2000 and renewed until 2025, to provide exporters from eligible African countries …
Economic Consequences of Long-Distance Trade in East …
caravan routes through the interior of eastern Africa. Disease and long-distance trade thus became inextricably linked, with caravans serving as an effective mecha-nism for transmitting alien epidemic diseases as well as indigenous diseases. Unfortunately, most European observers did not discuss the effects of periodic
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes - OER Project
From 1200 to 1450, an extensive trans-Saharan trading system reached its peak. Huge caravans of camels and merchants transported goods from one “shore” of the desert to the other. Trade across the Sahara linked the great kingdoms of West …
The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century - JSTOR
East African ivory trade took place. An increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the intensive ex-ploitation of the ivory resources of the interior. Throughout the nine-teenth century, East Africa ranked as the foremost source of ivory ...
The shifting hierarchy of strategic SADC liner ports
Abstract. This paper explores the future development potential of strategic liner ports in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region with the purpose of identifying a hub port. There are numerous hub ports along the global East-West trade route.
Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa
Based on the above, trade routes were discovered and recorded criss-crossing the continent from north to south, east to north, east to south, and west to north within and outside Africa, indicating the massive activi-ties and movement that took place and which promoted settlement and social organization formation in the trade locations.
