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Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness: Understanding the Nuances of Care
Navigating the complexities of healthcare is challenging enough without factoring in the profound impact of cultural diversity. This blog post delves into the crucial intersection of culture and health, exploring how diverse cultural beliefs, practices, and experiences significantly shape individuals' understanding of illness, their approaches to seeking care, and their responses to treatment. We'll examine the vital role of cultural competency in providing equitable and effective healthcare for all. This isn't just about ticking boxes; it's about building trust, fostering understanding, and ultimately, improving health outcomes.
H2: Defining Cultural Competence in Healthcare
Cultural competence isn't merely about being polite or acknowledging differences. It's a deep and ongoing process of self-reflection, learning, and adaptation. It involves actively seeking to understand the unique perspectives, beliefs, and practices of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds and incorporating that understanding into every aspect of healthcare delivery. This includes:
Self-Awareness: Healthcare providers must first understand their own biases and assumptions about different cultures. Recognizing these biases is the first step toward overcoming them.
Knowledge Acquisition: Gaining a deep understanding of various cultural groups' health beliefs, practices, communication styles, and family structures is critical. This requires ongoing education and engagement with diverse communities.
Skill Development: Developing the ability to effectively communicate and build rapport with patients from diverse backgrounds is crucial. This includes learning about non-verbal communication cues and adapting your communication style accordingly.
Respectful Interactions: Treating every patient with dignity and respect, valuing their unique experiences, and ensuring that their cultural beliefs are considered in their care plan are fundamental aspects of cultural competence.
H2: Cultural Influences on Health Behaviors and Beliefs
Cultural beliefs and practices significantly influence individuals' health behaviors and their understanding of illness. What one culture might consider a normal bodily function, another might interpret as a disease requiring intervention. For example:
Pain Expression: Some cultures encourage open expression of pain, while others emphasize stoicism and resilience. Misinterpreting these cultural differences can lead to inadequate pain management.
Mental Health: The stigma surrounding mental illness varies considerably across cultures. Some cultures may view mental health issues as a spiritual problem rather than a medical one, impacting help-seeking behavior.
Dietary Practices: Dietary habits are deeply rooted in cultural traditions and can significantly impact an individual's health. Understanding these dietary practices is essential for providing tailored nutritional advice.
Traditional Medicine: Many cultures utilize traditional medicine alongside or instead of Western medicine. Respecting and understanding these practices is vital to avoid conflict and ensure comprehensive care.
H3: The Impact of Language Barriers
Language barriers pose a significant challenge to effective healthcare delivery. Miscommunication can lead to misunderstandings, diagnostic errors, and poor adherence to treatment plans. It's crucial to provide:
Interpreters: Using qualified medical interpreters is not just helpful; it's essential to ensure accurate communication and informed consent.
Translated Materials: Providing essential health information in the patient's native language ensures understanding and empowers patients to participate actively in their care.
H2: Addressing Health Disparities Through Cultural Competency
Cultural competency is not just a matter of ethical consideration; it's essential for addressing significant health disparities that exist among various cultural groups. These disparities manifest in:
Access to Care: Geographic location, socioeconomic status, and cultural beliefs can all create barriers to accessing healthcare services.
Treatment Outcomes: Differences in treatment outcomes among different cultural groups often reflect underlying disparities in access, quality of care, and culturally appropriate treatment approaches.
Health Literacy: Individuals with limited health literacy may struggle to understand complex medical information, leading to poor health outcomes.
H3: Strategies for Improving Cultural Competence in Healthcare Settings
Improving cultural competence requires a multi-pronged approach:
Diversify the Workforce: Recruiting and retaining healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds improves cultural understanding and patient trust.
Cultural Sensitivity Training: Regular training programs for all healthcare staff are essential to enhance awareness and understanding of cultural differences.
Community Engagement: Collaborating with community leaders and organizations to understand the specific needs and challenges of diverse populations is crucial.
Develop Culturally Appropriate Materials: Creating educational materials and resources that are sensitive to the cultural values and beliefs of different groups can improve health literacy and patient understanding.
H2: The Future of Culturally Competent Healthcare
The future of healthcare relies heavily on embracing cultural diversity. By fostering cultural competence, we can build stronger provider-patient relationships, improve health outcomes, and create a more equitable and just healthcare system for all. It is a continuous journey of learning and adaptation, requiring ongoing commitment and a genuine dedication to providing culturally sensitive and effective care.
Conclusion:
Cultural diversity is an integral aspect of healthcare. Understanding and addressing the unique needs of patients from diverse backgrounds is crucial for providing equitable and effective care. By fostering cultural competence, we can work towards eliminating health disparities and improving health outcomes for all members of our diverse communities.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between cultural sensitivity and cultural competence? Cultural sensitivity is about being aware of cultural differences, while cultural competence involves actively applying that awareness to provide effective and respectful care.
2. How can I improve my own cultural competence as a healthcare provider? Engage in ongoing self-reflection, seek out cultural competency training, and actively engage with diverse communities.
3. What role do interpreters play in culturally competent care? Interpreters ensure accurate communication and informed consent, preventing misunderstandings and improving patient outcomes.
4. How do health disparities relate to cultural diversity? Cultural factors can contribute to unequal access to care, different treatment experiences, and varying health outcomes among diverse populations.
5. What are some practical steps a healthcare facility can take to improve cultural competence? Implement cultural sensitivity training, diversify staff, develop culturally appropriate materials, and partner with community organizations.
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness Rachael Spector, 2017 For courses in Community/Public Health Nursing, Transcultural Nursing, and CEUs Promotes a mindfulness of the dimensions and complexities involved in caring for people from diverse cultural backgrounds. The ninth edition of Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness examines a given health care consumer's intangible cultural heritage, diverse HEALTH beliefs and practices, the relevant issues within the modern health care system, and the impact of the demographic changes that exist within North America and globally. (HEALTH = the balance of the person, both within one's being- physical, mental, and spiritual-and in the outside world-natural, communal, and metaphysical. Terms such as HEALTH are written this way to emphasize their holistic meaning.) It features rich illustrated examples of traditional HEALTH beliefs and practices among selected populations. An emphasis on the influences of recent social, political, and demographic changes helps to explore the issues and perceptions of health and illness today, while introductory and capstone chapters help place material within perspective. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Diversity in Health & Illness Rachel E. Spector, 2000 |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Essentials of Health, Culture, and Diversity Mark Edberg, 2022-03-24 This book will examine what is meant by culture, the ways in which culture intersects with health issues, how public health efforts can benefit by understanding and working with cultural processes, and a brief selection of conceptual tools and research methods that are useful in identifying relationships between culture and health. The book will also include practical guidelines for incorporating cultural understanding in public health settings, and examples of programs where that has occurred-- |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Culture, Diversity and Health in Australia Tinashe Dune, Kim McLeod, Robyn Williams, 2021-05-30 Australia is increasingly recognised as a multicultural and diverse society. Nationally, all accrediting bodies for allied health, nursing, midwifery and medical professions require tertiary educated students to be culturally safe with regards to cultural and social diversity. This text, drawing on experts from a range of disciplines, including public health, nursing and sociology, shows how the theory and practice of cultural safety can inform effective health care practices with all kinds of diverse populations. Part 1 explores key themes and concepts, including social determinants of health and cultural models of health and health care. There is a particular focus on how different models of health, including the biomedical and Indigenous perspectives, intersect in Australia today. Part 2 looks at culturally safe health care practice focusing on principles and practice as well as policy and advocacy. The authors consider the practices that can be most effective, including meaningful communication skills and cultural responsiveness. Part 3 examines the practice issues in working with diverse populations, including Indigenous Australians, Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Australians, Australians with disabilities, Australians of diverse sexual orientation and gender identity, and ageing Australians. Part 4 combines all learnings from Parts 1–3 into practical learning activities, assessments and feedback for learners engaging with this textbook. Culture, Diversity and Health in Australia is a sensitive, richly nuanced and comprehensive guide to effective health practice in Australia today and is a key reference text for either undergraduate or postgraduate students studying health care. It will also be of interest to professional health care practitioners and policy administrators. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Culture, Health and Illness 4Ed C. G. Helman, 2000-06-05 Culture, Health and Illness is an introduction to the role of cultural and social factors in health and disease, showing how an understanding of these factors can improve medical care and health education. The book demonstrates how different cultural, social or ethnic groups explain the causes of ill health, the types of treatment they believe in, and to whom they would turn if they were ill. It discusses the relationship of these beliefs and practices to the instance of certain diseases, both physical and psychological. This new edition has been extended and modernised with new material added to every chapter. In addition, there is a new chapter on 'new research methods in medical anthropology', and the book in now illustrated where appropriate. Anyone intending to follow a career in medicine, allied health, nursing or counselling will benefit from reading this book at an early stage in their career. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Awareness in Nursing and Health Care, Second Edition Christine Hogg, Karen Holland, 2010-04-30 The second edition of this popular introductory text explores the many sensitive issues of culture, race and ethnicity as they affect patient care, including: -health and illness beliefs, and their relationship to religious beliefs -mental health and culture -women's health in a multicultural society -caring for older people death and bereavement All chapters have been updated to present the latest theory and practice and new chapters on men's health and cultural care, and migration and asylum seekers have been added, along with updated case studies and reflective exercises to help the reader link theory to practice. This book is essential reading for all nursing students, as well as midwifery, allied health and health and social care students. It is also a useful reference for qualified nurses, midwives, health care assistants, assistant healthcare practitioners and allied health professionals. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Handbook of Cultural Health Psychology Shahe S. Kazarian, David R. Evans, 2001-08-24 The Handbook of Cultural Health Psychology discusses the influence of cultural beliefs, norms and values on illness, health and health care. The major health problems that are confronting the global village are discussed from a cultural perspective. These include heart disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, pain, and suicide. The cultural beliefs and practices of several cultural groups and the unique health issues confronting them are also presented. The cultural groups discussed include Latinos, Aboriginal peoples, people of African heritage, and South Asians. The handbook contributes to increased personal awareness of the role of culture in health and illness behavior, and to the delivery of culturally relevant health care services. - Many societies are culturally diverse or becoming so - the cultural approach is a unique and necessary addition to the health psychology area - Satisfies the ever-increasing appetite of health psychologists for cultural issues in health and women's health issues - Major and global health concerns are covered including heart disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, pain, suicide, and health promotion - The health beliefs and practices of Latinos, people of African heritage, Aboriginal peoples, and South Asians are presented without stereotyping these cultural groups - The handbook provides excellent information for health care researchers, practitioners, students, and policy-makers in culturally pluralistic communities - References are thorough and completely up-to-date |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Speaking of Health Institute of Medicine, Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Committee on Communication for Behavior Change in the 21st Century: Improving the Health of Diverse Populations, 2002-12-11 We are what we eat. That old expression seems particularly poignant every time we have our blood drawn for a routine physical to check our cholesterol levels. And, it's not just what we eat that affects our health. Whole ranges of behaviors ultimately make a difference in how we feel and how we maintain our health. Lifestyle choices have enormous impact on our health and well being. But, how do we communicate the language of good health so that it is uniformly received-and accepted-by people from different cultures and backgrounds? Take, for example, the case of a 66 year old Latina. She has been told by her doctor that she should have a mammogram. But her sense of fatalism tells her that it is better not to know if anything is wrong. To know that something is wrong will cause her distress and this may well lead to even more health problems. Before she leaves her doctor's office she has decided not to have a mammogram-that is until her doctor points out that having a mammogram is a way to take care of herself so that she can continue to take care of her family. In this way, the decision to have a mammogram feels like a positive step. Public health communicators and health professionals face dilemmas like this every day. Speaking of Health looks at the challenges of delivering important messages to different audiences. Using case studies in the areas of diabetes, mammography, and mass communication campaigns, it examines the ways in which messages must be adapted to the unique informational needs of their audiences if they are to have any real impact. Speaking of Health looks at basic theories of communication and behavior change and focuses on where they apply and where they don't. By suggesting creative strategies and guidelines for speaking to diverse audiences now and in the future, the Institute of Medicine seeks to take health communication into the 21st century. In an age where we are inundated by multiple messages every day, this book will be a critical tool for all who are interested in communicating with diverse communities about health issues. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-04-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care Marcus L. Martin, Sheryl Heron, Lisa Moreno-Walton, Anna Walker Jones, 2015-12-18 No other hospital department cares for patients as diverse as those who come to the Emergency Department (ED). These patients encompass all stages and positions of life and health. Many belong to distinct minority cultures defined by the patient's sexual orientation and gender identity, disability, spirituality, language, race, and ethnicity. It has been well documented that minorities experience inadequate emergency treatment and face poorer healthcare outcomes. Furthermore, research has established that the elderly, ethnic minorities, the poor, and persons with Medicaid coverage are more likely than other people to utilize the emergency department rather than primary care services. With the passage of the Affordable Care Act, particularly the Medicaid expansion, EDs across the United States are poised to care for an unprecedented number of underserved minorities. The need to equip emergency healthcare professionals to practice medicine that is culturally competent in the broadest possible sense has never been greater. Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care aims to fill this need. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: The Cultural Context of Health, Illness, and Medicine Elisa Janine Sobo, Martha O. Loustaunau, 2010 This is a comprehensive book focused on relevant factors that influence health, illness, and well-being from multi-discipline perspectives. It is a unique book to provide health leaders and consumers refreshing new ways to know and understand cultures. It is an essential book to serve cultures in creative and effective ways. The authors provide new and diverse cultural insights about health, illness, and wellness that have been woefully missing until the advent of transcultural nursing. Dr. Madeleine Leininger Professor of Nursing Emeritus, College of Nursing, Wayne State University -- |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Multicultural Health Lois A. Ritter, Donald H. Graham, 2017 Unit I: The Foundations: Introduction to multicultural health -- Theories and models related to multicultural health -- Worldview and health decisions -- Complementary and alternative medicine -- Religion, rituals and health -- Communication and health promotion in diverse societies. Unit II: Specific Cultural Groups: Hispanic and Latino American populations -- American Indian and Alaskan Native populations -- African American populations -- Asian American populations -- European and Mediterranean American populations -- Nonethnic cultures. Unit III: Looking Ahead: Closing the gap: strategies for eliminating health disparities. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Effective Communication in Multicultural Health Care Settings Gary L. Kreps, Elizabeth N. Kunimoto, 1994-04-08 This book provides insights into the complexities of multicultural relations in health care and demystifies the many cultural influences on health and health care to achieve its ultimate goal - to help people get the most they can out of health care and facilitate the promotion of public health. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Essentials of Health, Culture, and Diversity Mark Cameron Edberg, 2013 This book provides students of public health with tools and perspectives for understanding the relationship between culture and health. Effective promotion programs cannot be realized without attention to the cultural context. As part of the Essentials Public Health series, this critical text introduces the concept of culture as a framework for understanding human behavior and health.--Back cover. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Mental Health , 2001 |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Competence in Health Care Wen-Shing Tseng, Jon Streltzer, 2008-01-14 Cultural competence in Health Care provides a balance between a theoretical foundation and clinical application. Because of the focus on basic principles, this book will be useful not only in the United States, but throughout the world as Cultural Competence is intending to fill the cultural competence gap for students and practitioners of medicine and related health sciences, by providing knowledge and describing the skills needed for culturally relevant medical care of patients of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Handbook for Culturally Competent Care Larry D. Purnell, Eric A. Fenkl, 2019-06-29 This concise, easy-to-read book tackles the potentially awkward subject of culture in a direct, non-intimidating style. It prepares all health professionals in any clinical setting to conduct thorough assessments of individual from culturally specific population groups, making it especially valuable in today's team-oriented healthcare environment. The book is suitable for healthcare workers in all fields, particularly nurses who interact with the patients 24 hours a day, every day of the week. Based on the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence, it explores 26 different cultures and the issues that healthcare professionals need to be sensitive to. For each group, the book includes an overview of heritage, communication styles, family roles and organization, workforce issues, biocultural ecology, high-risk health behaviors, nutrition, pregnancy and child bearing, death rituals, spirituality, healthcare practices, and the views of healthcare providers. It also discusses the variant characteristics of culture that determine the diversity of values, beliefs, and practices in an individual's cultural heritage in order to help prevent stereotyping. These characteristics include age, generation, nationality, race, color, gender, religion, educational status, socioeconomic status, occupation, military status, political beliefs, urban versus rural residence, enclave identity, marital status, parental status, physical characteristics, sexual orientation, gender issues, health literacy, and reasons for migration. Each chapter offers specific instructions, guidelines, tips, intervention strategies, and approaches specific to a particular cultural population. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Shattering Culture Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good, Sarah S. Willen, Seth Donal Hannah, Ken Vickery, Lawrence Taeseng Park, 2011-11-01 Culture counts has long been a rallying cry among health advocates and policymakers concerned with racial disparities in health care. A generation ago, the women's health movement led to a host of changes that also benefited racial minorities, including more culturally aware medical staff, enhanced health education, and the mandated inclusion of women and minorities in federally funded research. Many health professionals would now agree that cultural competence is important in clinical settings, but in what ways? Shattering Culture provides an insightful view of medicine and psychiatry as they are practiced in today's culturally diverse clinical settings. The book offers a compelling account of the many ways culture shapes how doctors conduct their practices and how patients feel about the care they receive. Based on interviews with clinicians, health care staff, and patients, Shattering Culture shows the human face of health care in America. Building on over a decade of research led by Mary-Jo Good, the book delves into the cultural backgrounds of patients and their health care providers, as well as the institutional cultures of clinical settings, to illuminate how these many cultures interact and shape the quality of patient care. Sarah Willen explores the controversial practice of matching doctors and patients based on a shared race, ethnicity, or language and finds a spectrum of arguments challenging its usefulness, including patients who may fear being judged negatively by providers from the same culture. Seth Hannah introduces the concept of cultural environments of hyperdiversity describing complex cultural identities. Antonio Bullon and Mary-Jo Good demonstrate how regulations meant to standardize the caregiving process—such as the use of templates and check boxes instead of narrative notes—have steadily limited clinician flexibility, autonomy, and the time they can dedicate to caring for patients. Elizabeth Carpenter-Song looks at positive doctor-patient relationships in mental health care settings and finds that the most successful of these are based on mutual recognition—patients who can express their concerns and clinicians who validate them. In the book's final essay, Hannah, Good, and Park show how navigating the maze of insurance regulations, financial arrangements, and paperwork compromises the effectiveness of mental health professionals seeking to provide quality care to minority and poor patients. Rapidly increasing diversity on one hand and bureaucratic regulations on the other are two realities that have made providing culturally sensitive care even more challenging for doctors. Few opportunities exist to go inside the world of medical and mental health clinics and see how these realities are influencing patient care. Shattering Culture provides a rare look at the day-to-day experiences of psychiatrists and other clinicians and offers multiple perspectives on what culture means to doctors, staff, and patients and how it shapes the practice of medicine and psychiatry. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Scarborough Catherine Hernandez, 2017-05-22 City of Toronto Book Award finalist Scarborough is a low-income, culturally diverse neighborhood east of Toronto, the fourth largest city in North America; like many inner city communities, it suffers under the weight of poverty, drugs, crime, and urban blight. Scarborough the novel employs a multitude of voices to tell the story of a tight-knit neighborhood under fire: among them, Victor, a black artist harassed by the police; Winsum, a West Indian restaurant owner struggling to keep it together; and Hina, a Muslim school worker who witnesses first-hand the impact of poverty on education. And then there are the three kids who work to rise above a system that consistently fails them: Bing, a gay Filipino boy who lives under the shadow of his father's mental illness; Sylvie, Bing's best friend, a Native girl whose family struggles to find a permanent home to live in; and Laura, whose history of neglect by her mother is destined to repeat itself with her father. Scarborough offers a raw yet empathetic glimpse into a troubled community that locates its dignity in unexpected places: a neighborhood that refuses to be undone. Catherine Hernandez is a queer theatre practitioner and writer who has lived in Scarborough off and on for most of her life. Her plays Singkil and Kilt Pins were published by Playwrights Canada Press, and her children's book M is for Mustache: A Pride ABC Book was published by Flamingo Rampant. She is the Artistic Director of Sulong Theatre for women of color. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Competence in Health Crystal Jongen, Janya McCalman, Roxanne Bainbridge, Anton Clifford, 2017-10-13 This resource supports evidence-informed approaches to improving the cultural competence of health service delivery. By reviewing the evidence from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the US, it provides readers with a clear and systematic overview of the interventions and indicators applied to enable health system agencies and professionals to work effectively in various cross-cultural health care situations. The book highlights the importance of cultural competence and describes the current situation in the studied countries; identifies effective approaches and strategies for improving the situation; reviews the indicators for measuring progress; assesses the health outcomes associated with cultural competence; summarizes the quality of the evidence; and presents an evidence-informed conceptual framework for cultural competence in health. Cultural competence is critical to reducing health disparities and has become a popular concept in these countries for improving access to high-quality, respectful and responsive health care. This book provides policy makers, health practitioners, researchers and students with a much needed summary of what works to improve health systems, services and practice. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Global Mental Health Vikram Patel, Harry Minas, Alex Cohen, Martin Prince, 2013-11 This is the definitive textbook on global mental health, an emerging priority discipline within global health, which places priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness Andrew Scull, 2013-12-20 Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness: An A to Z Guide looks at recent reports that suggest an astonishing rise in mental illness and considers such questions as: Are there truly more mentally ill people now or are there just more people being diagnosed and treated? What are the roles of economics and the pharmacological industry in this controversy? At the core of what is going on with mental illness in America and around the world, the editors suggest, is cultural sociology: How differing cultures treat mental illness and, in turn, how mental health patients are affected by the culture. In this illuminating multidisciplinary reference, expert scholars explore the culture of mental illness from the non-clinical perspectives of sociology, history, psychology, epidemiology, economics, public health policy, and finally, the mental health patients themselves. Key themes include Cultural Comparisons of Mental Health Disorders; Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness Around the World; Economics; Epidemiology; Mental Health Practitioners; Non-Drug Treatments; Patient, the Psychiatry, and Psychology; Psychiatry and Space; Psychopharmacology; Public Policy; Social History; and Sociology. Key Features: This two-volume A-Z work, available in both print and electronic formats, includes close to 400 articles by renowned experts in their respective fields. An Introduction, a thematic Reader’s Guide, a Glossary, and a Resource Guide to Key Books, Journals, and Associations and their web sites enhance this invaluable reference. A chronology places the cultural sociology of mental illness in historical context. 150 photos bring concepts to life. The range and scope of this Encyclopedia is vivid testimony to the intellectual vitality of the field and will make a useful contribution to the next generation of sociological research on the cultural sociology of mental illness. Key Themes: Cultural Comparisons of Mental Health Disorders Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness Around the World Economics Epidemiology Mental Health Practitioners Non-Drug Treatments Patient, The Psychiatry and Psychology Psychiatry and Space Psychopharmacology Public Policy Social History Sociology |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Unequal Treatment Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, 2009-02-06 Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cancer Pain Management in Developing Countries Sushma Bhatnagar, 2018-06-29 Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. A Comprehensive Handbook of Cancer Pain Management in Developing Countries Written by an international panel of expert pain physicians, A Comprehensive Handbook of Cancer Pain Management in Developing Countries addresses this challenging and vital topic with reference to the latest body of evidence relating to cancer pain. It thoroughly covers pain management in the developing world, explaining the benefit of psychological, interventional, and complementary therapies in cancer pain management, as well as the importance of identifying and overcoming regulatory and educational barriers. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Diversity in Health & Illness Rachel E. Spector, 2000 This fifth edition, well-known, cultural work continues to deepen and expand the reader's theory and sense of inquiry. The purpose, as in past editions, is to increase the reader's awareness of the dimensions and complexities involved as we meet the health and illness needs of patients. Cultural competence is now mandated by the Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation and the Health Care Financing Administration. The author uses the notion of a quilt as a theme, thereby imaging continuity from chapter to chapter. This book is intended for virtually anyone providing healthcare, but especially nurses and nursing students as we are constantly encountering cultural diversity. The author is successful in this effort. The twelve chapters are divided into three units. In the first the focus is on provider self-awareness, in the second cultural awareness, and in the third selected traditional views of health and illness. One example is Chapter 11, Health and Illness in Hispanic America. There are eight very valuable appendixes including Suggested Course Outline and Suggested Course Activities. There is an extensive (20 page) bibliography and an impressive directory of alternative healthcare associations. As discussed by the author, the U.S. will continue to receive a significant portion of its population via immigration. Given that prediction, it is imperative that educators and those already in practice focus on initial and ongoing cultural competency. This evolving theory base has become obligatory for humane, ethical, and legal practice. Ongoing cultural shifts and new theory necessitate the new edition. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Handbook of Immigrant Health Sana Loue, 2013-11-11 Here is the first comprehensive cross-disciplinary work to examine the current health situation of our immigrants, successfully integrating the vast literature of diverse fields -- epidemiology, health services research, anthropology, law, medicine, social work, health promotion, and bioethics -- to explore the richness and diversity of the immigrant population from a culturally-sensitive perspective. This unequalled resource examines methodological issues, issues in clinical care and research, health and disease in specific immigrant populations, patterns of specific diseases in immigrant groups in the US, and conclusive insight towards the future. Complete with 73 illustrations, this singular book is the blueprint for where we must go in the future. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Health Promotion in Multicultural Populations Robert M. Huff, Michael V. Kline, Darleen V. Peterson, 2014-01-02 Edited by Robert M. Huff, Michael V. Kline, and Darleen V. Peterson, the Third Edition of Health Promotion in Multicultural Populations offers both students and practitioners an indispensable resource on assessment and implementation guidelines for promoting health and enhancing behaviors that optimize health in any cultural community. Leading experts explore a wide range of topics, including the context of culture, cross-cultural perceptions of health, conceptual approaches to multicultural health promotion, health disparities, and the contributions of multicultural populations. Using the Cultural Assessment Framework (CAF), this proven handbook includes a focus on six specific populations (Hispanic/Latino, African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian American, Pacific Islanders, and Arab Americans).The text concludes with a set of tips for working cross-culturally and a discussion about where the field is heading with respect to research and practice in the 21st century. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Committee on Understanding the Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations, 2021-01-23 The increase in prevalence and visibility of sexually gender diverse (SGD) populations illuminates the need for greater understanding of the ways in which current laws, systems, and programs affect their well-being. Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, or intersex, as well as those who express same-sex or -gender attractions or behaviors, will have experiences across their life course that differ from those of cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, and geographic location intersect to play a distinct role in the challenges and opportunities SGD people face. Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations reviews the available evidence and identifies future research needs related to the well-being of SDG populations across the life course. This report focuses on eight domains of well-being; the effects of various laws and the legal system on SGD populations; the effects of various public policies and structural stigma; community and civic engagement; families and social relationships; education, including school climate and level of attainment; economic experiences (e.g., employment, compensation, and housing); physical and mental health; and health care access and gender-affirming interventions. The recommendations of Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations aim to identify opportunities to advance understanding of how individuals experience sexuality and gender and how sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status affect SGD people over the life course. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Marilyn R. McFarland, Hiba B. Wehbe-Alamah, 2015 Preceded by Culture care diversity and universality: a worldwide nursing theory / [edited by] Madeleine M. Leininger, Marilyn R. McFarland. 2nd ed. c2006. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: In the Nation's Compelling Interest Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Health Care Workforce, 2004-06-29 The United States is rapidly transforming into one of the most racially and ethnically diverse nations in the world. Groups commonly referred to as minorities-including Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives-are the fastest growing segments of the population and emerging as the nation's majority. Despite the rapid growth of racial and ethnic minority groups, their representation among the nation's health professionals has grown only modestly in the past 25 years. This alarming disparity has prompted the recent creation of initiatives to increase diversity in health professions. In the Nation's Compelling Interest considers the benefits of greater racial and ethnic diversity, and identifies institutional and policy-level mechanisms to garner broad support among health professions leaders, community members, and other key stakeholders to implement these strategies. Assessing the potential benefits of greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals will improve the access to and quality of healthcare for all Americans. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Global Health Care Carol Holtz, 2013 This revised second edition of Global health care: issues and policies equips students with up-to-date information on various global health topics and perspectives. It prepares readers with a basic perspective of health policy issues in different geographical regions, and explains how they are affected by significant world events. Author Carol Holtz, a nursing professor who understands student needs, outlines the cultural, religious, economic, and political influences on global health to guide students through the text and edits contributions from many notable authors. New to this edition: Updates to all chapters to include timely data and references; Includes coverage of new infectious diseases as well as updated current diseases; Global perspectives on economics and health care is completely revised; Ethical and end of life issues; Human rights, stigma and HIV disclosure; Health and health care in Mexico; An instructor's manual, featuring PowerPoint presentations; ... complete with engaging online learning activities for students. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Embracing Cultural Diversity in Health Care Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. Nursing Best Practices Guidelines Program, Ontario. Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Canada. Office of Nursing Policy, 2007 |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Health Literacy Institute of Medicine, Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Committee on Health Literacy, 2004-06-29 To maintain their own health and the health of their families and communities, consumers rely heavily on the health information that is available to them. This information is at the core of the partnerships that patients and their families forge with today's complex modern health systems. This information may be provided in a variety of forms †ranging from a discussion between a patient and a health care provider to a health promotion advertisement, a consent form, or one of many other forms of health communication common in our society. Yet millions of Americans cannot understand or act upon this information. To address this problem, the field of health literacy brings together research and practice from diverse fields including education, health services, and social and cultural sciences, and the many organizations whose actions can improve or impede health literacy. Health Literacy: Prescription to End Confusion examines the body of knowledge that applies to the field of health literacy, and recommends actions to promote a health literate society. By examining the extent of limited health literacy and the ways to improve it, we can improve the health of individuals and populations. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Cultural Contexts of Health Centers of Disease Control, 2016-10-24 Storytelling is an essential tool for reporting and illuminating the cultural contexts of health: the practices and behavior that groups of people share and that are defined by customs, language, and geography. This report reviews the literature on narrative research, offers some quality criteria for appraising it, and gives three detailed case examples: diet and nutrition, well-being, and mental health in refugees and asylum seekers. Storytelling and story interpretation belong to the humanistic disciplines and are not a pure science, although established techniques of social science can be applied to ensure rigor in sampling and data analysis. The case studies illustrate how narrative research can convey the individual experience of illness and well-being, thereby complementing and sometimes challenging epidemiological and public health evidence. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Epidemiology for Advanced Nursing Practice Kiran Macha, John McDonough, 2011-02-28 Epidemiology for Advanced Nursing Practice guides graduate-level nursing students to understand the basic concepts of epidemiology while gaining and applying statistical conceptual skills. Focusing on the importance of disease prevention and community-centered migration, this text helps students expand their knowledge base while enhancing practical application skills and stimulating research interests. Designed to prepare advanced practice nursing students to meet the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) for Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) standards, this text features expert insights, objectives, critical questions, and references. Topics include the role of epidemiology and statistics in advanced nursing practice, study designs and outcomes, emerging infectious diseases, genetic and environmental epidemiology, the role of culture, nursing in pandemics and emergency preparedness, and legal and ethical issues. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Diversity and Cultural Competence in the Health Sector Mohamed Kanu, Elizabeth Williams, Charles Williams, 2021 Diversity and Cultural Competence in the Health Sector: Ebola Affected Countries in West Africa examines the 2014-2016 Ebola crisis in three West African countries. The authors argue that this public health disaster was exacerbated by the lack of cultural competency in emergency response efforts. Considering the role of culture in the social, economic, health-related, and political dynamics that made these countries particularly vulnerable to the disease and how culturally competent approaches could have been employed sooner to reduce risk and prevent death and disability, this book serves as a guide for government officials, nongovernmental relief agencies, healthcare professionals, and public health personnel on how to effectively center cultural competence in emergency response to infectious disease outbreaks. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Culturally Competent Compassion Irena Papadopoulos, 2018-04-17 Bringing together the crucially important topics of cultural competence and compassion for the first time, this book explores how to practise ‘culturally competent compassion’ in healthcare settings – that is, understanding the suffering of others and wanting to do something about it using culturally appropriate and acceptable caring interventions. This text first discusses the philosophical and religious roots of compassion before investigating notions of health, illness, culture and multicultural societies. Drawing this information together, it then introduces two invaluable frameworks for practice, one of cultural competence and one of culturally competent compassion, and applies them to care scenarios. Papadopoulos goes on to discuss: how nurses in different countries understand and provide compassion in practice; how students learn about compassion; how leaders can create and champion compassionate working environments; and how we can, and whether we should, measure compassion. Culturally Competent Compassion is essential reading for healthcare students and its combination of theoretical content and practice application provides a relevant and interesting learning experience. The innovative model for practice presented here will also be of interest to researchers exploring cultural competence and compassion in healthcare. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine Marc D. Gellman, J. Rick Turner, |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Caring for Patients from Different Cultures Geri-Ann Galanti, 1997 Geri-Ann Galanti argues that if the goal of the American medical system is to provide optimal care for all patients, health-care providers must understand cultural differences that create conflicts and misunderstandings and that can result in inferior medical care. This new edition includes five new chapters and 172 case studies of actual conflicts that occurred in American hospitals. |
| cultural diversity in health and illness: Transcultural Nursing Joyce Newman Giger, Ruth Elaine Davidhizar, 2004 Transcultural Nursing: Assessment and Intervention, 4/e, addresses specific assessment and intervention strategies needed for clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Part 1 provides a systematic model of nursing assessment and intervention which takes into account six cultural phenomena: communication, space, social organization, time, environmental control, and biological variations. In Part 2 these six cultural phenomena are systematically applied to the assessment and care of individuals in specific cultures. Since the first edition Giger & Davidhizar has been praised for its quick reference, user-friendly assessment tool for use with clients in diverse clinical settings. Giger throughout provides clarification of some of the biological variations for select cultural groups. Transcultural Nursing also has an outstanding holistic overview of genetics in Chapter 7 that helps the student understand genetics and genetic based diseases that are cultural, racially, and ethnic based. The 4th edition will be thoroughly updated throughout with an emphasis on including new genetic and biologic variations. Features Giger and Davidhizar's Transcultural Assessment Model, with a full chapter devoted to each of the six aspects of cultural assessment, to help the reader apply this model to any client of any culture. Presents critical thinking questions at the end of each chapter to help students apply the assessment framework in practice. Includes an expansion of the spiritual component throughout, with an emphasis on various religions. Offers clarification of some of the biological variations for select cultural groups. A holistic overview of genetics helps readers understand genetics and genetic based diseases that are cultural, racially, and ethnic based. Update throughout with an emphasis on including new genetic and biologic variations New appendix includes a competency test with over 70 comprehensive multiple choice questions |
Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness - McGill University
Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness focuses on the myriad dimensions of providing health care to diverse populations in a culturally competent way.The preface to this 6th edition outlines the …
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Cultural beliefs and practices significantly influence individuals' health behaviors and their understanding of illness. What one culture might consider a normal bodily function, another …
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