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Core Grammar for Lawyers: Post-Test & Skill Sharpening
Are you a law student sweating over commas or a seasoned lawyer needing a grammar refresh? This comprehensive post-test and guide to core grammar for lawyers will pinpoint your strengths and weaknesses, helping you sharpen your legal writing skills. We'll go beyond simple grammar rules, focusing on the nuances crucial for clear, concise, and persuasive legal communication. This isn't just about passing a test; it's about mastering the language that shapes your career.
Section 1: The Core Grammar for Lawyers Post-Test
Before we dive into the solutions and explanations, let's assess your current grammar proficiency. Take this short quiz to identify areas needing improvement. Remember, there are no wrong answers – the goal is self-assessment and targeted learning.
(Insert a 10-question multiple-choice grammar quiz here. The questions should focus on areas crucial for legal writing, such as subject-verb agreement, comma usage, pronoun agreement, parallel structure, and correct tense usage. The quiz can be formatted as a numbered list.)
Example Questions (Replace with your own 10):
1. Which sentence is grammatically correct?
a) The jury were unanimous in their verdict.
b) The jury was unanimous in their verdict.
2. Identify the correctly punctuated sentence:
a) The judge, however, disagreed with the ruling.
b) The judge however disagreed with the ruling.
(After the quiz, provide a space for readers to record their answers.)
Section 2: Core Grammar Concepts Crucial for Legal Writing
Now, let's review the answers and delve into the essential grammar points vital for accurate and effective legal writing. Each concept will be illustrated with examples relevant to the legal field.
#### 2.1 Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement errors are common but easily avoidable. Ensure your verb agrees in number (singular or plural) with the subject of your sentence. Collective nouns (e.g., jury, court) can be tricky; their number depends on the context.
Example: The court has ruled in favor of the plaintiff. (Singular subject, singular verb)
Example: The juries were divided in their opinions. (Plural subject, plural verb)
#### 2.2 Comma Usage
Commas are essential for clarity and readability. Mastering their use is crucial for avoiding ambiguity in legal documents. Focus on comma usage in lists, after introductory phrases, and with coordinating conjunctions.
Example: The defendant was charged with theft, assault, and battery. (Comma in a list)
Example: Despite overwhelming evidence, the jury found the defendant not guilty. (Comma after an introductory phrase)
#### 2.3 Pronoun Agreement
Pronouns must agree in number and gender with their antecedents (the nouns they refer to). Avoid ambiguous pronoun references.
Example: The lawyer presented her case effectively. (Clear pronoun reference)
Incorrect Example: The lawyers presented their case, but he was unconvincing. (Ambiguous pronoun reference - which lawyer?)
#### 2.4 Parallel Structure
Maintain parallel structure when listing items or ideas. Use consistent grammatical forms (e.g., all nouns, all verb phrases).
Example: The contract stipulated that the buyer would pay the agreed price, take possession of the property, and fulfill all other contractual obligations. (Parallel structure using verb phrases)
Incorrect Example: The defendant was accused of fraud, theft, and being dishonest. (Non-parallel structure)
#### 2.5 Tense Consistency
Maintain consistent tense throughout your writing, unless a shift is necessary to reflect a change in time. Inconsistent tense can confuse the reader.
Example: The witness testified that he saw the accused leaving the scene. (Consistent past tense)
Section 3: Post-Test Answers and Explanations
(Provide the answers to the quiz in this section. For each question, offer a detailed explanation of the correct answer and why the other options are incorrect. Use clear and concise language, explaining grammatical rules and their application in legal contexts.)
Conclusion
Mastering core grammar is not merely about avoiding errors; it’s about building credibility and ensuring your legal arguments are understood and persuasive. This post-test and guide should provide a solid foundation for improving your legal writing. Continue practicing and refining your grammar skills to become a more effective legal communicator. Remember to always review your work meticulously before submission.
FAQs
1. What resources can I use to further improve my legal writing grammar? Consider investing in style guides specifically for legal writing (e.g., The Bluebook), and utilizing online grammar tools like Grammarly (while remembering to proofread carefully, as no tool is perfect).
2. Is there a specific grammar style preferred in legal writing? While there's no single "style," clarity and precision are paramount. Legal writing often adheres to stricter rules regarding formality and sentence structure.
3. How can I improve my understanding of complex sentence structures in legal texts? Practice dissecting complex sentences into their constituent parts (subject, verb, object, clauses). Reading legal precedents and analyzing their sentence structure can also help.
4. How frequently should I review grammar rules? Regular review, even in short bursts, is beneficial. Make it a habit to check your grammar and style while writing and editing legal documents.
5. Are there specific grammar rules that are especially important for contract drafting? Pay close attention to precision in wording, ensuring that terms are unambiguous and clearly defined to avoid misinterpretations and potential disputes. Proper use of defined terms is crucial.
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Grammar for Lawyers Michael Meehan, Graham Tulloch, 2013 Offers a succinct and practical guide to effective legal writing and to precise legal reading, drawing on both the expertise of professional grammarians and the analytical skills of judges in interpreting legal writing in the courts. Meehan, Deakin University; Tulloch, Flinders University. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The War Against Grammar David D. Mulroy, 2003 Whether championing the grammatical analysis of phrases and clauses or arguing for the vital importance of sentence diagramming, Mulroy offers a lucid, learned, passionate account of the history, importance, and value of grammar. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation Lester Kaufman, Jane Straus, 2021-04-16 The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering just the facts on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Cult of Smart Fredrik deBoer, 2020-08-04 Named one of Vulture’s Top 10 Best Books of 2020! Leftist firebrand Fredrik deBoer exposes the lie at the heart of our educational system and demands top-to-bottom reform. Everyone agrees that education is the key to creating a more just and equal world, and that our schools are broken and failing. Proposed reforms variously target incompetent teachers, corrupt union practices, or outdated curricula, but no one acknowledges a scientifically-proven fact that we all understand intuitively: Academic potential varies between individuals, and cannot be dramatically improved. In The Cult of Smart, educator and outspoken leftist Fredrik deBoer exposes this omission as the central flaw of our entire society, which has created and perpetuated an unjust class structure based on intellectual ability. Since cognitive talent varies from person to person, our education system can never create equal opportunity for all. Instead, it teaches our children that hierarchy and competition are natural, and that human value should be based on intelligence. These ideas are counter to everything that the left believes, but until they acknowledge the existence of individual cognitive differences, progressives remain complicit in keeping the status quo in place. This passionate, voice-driven manifesto demands that we embrace a new goal for education: equality of outcomes. We must create a world that has a place for everyone, not just the academically talented. But we’ll never achieve this dream until the Cult of Smart is destroyed. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Plain English for Lawyers Richard C. Wydick, 1998 |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Julian Jaynes, 2000-08-15 National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Ask a Manager Alison Green, 2018-05-01 From the creator of the popular website Ask a Manager and New York’s work-advice columnist comes a witty, practical guide to 200 difficult professional conversations—featuring all-new advice! There’s a reason Alison Green has been called “the Dear Abby of the work world.” Ten years as a workplace-advice columnist have taught her that people avoid awkward conversations in the office because they simply don’t know what to say. Thankfully, Green does—and in this incredibly helpful book, she tackles the tough discussions you may need to have during your career. You’ll learn what to say when • coworkers push their work on you—then take credit for it • you accidentally trash-talk someone in an email then hit “reply all” • you’re being micromanaged—or not being managed at all • you catch a colleague in a lie • your boss seems unhappy with your work • your cubemate’s loud speakerphone is making you homicidal • you got drunk at the holiday party Praise for Ask a Manager “A must-read for anyone who works . . . [Alison Green’s] advice boils down to the idea that you should be professional (even when others are not) and that communicating in a straightforward manner with candor and kindness will get you far, no matter where you work.”—Booklist (starred review) “The author’s friendly, warm, no-nonsense writing is a pleasure to read, and her advice can be widely applied to relationships in all areas of readers’ lives. Ideal for anyone new to the job market or new to management, or anyone hoping to improve their work experience.”—Library Journal (starred review) “I am a huge fan of Alison Green’s Ask a Manager column. This book is even better. It teaches us how to deal with many of the most vexing big and little problems in our workplaces—and to do so with grace, confidence, and a sense of humor.”—Robert Sutton, Stanford professor and author of The No Asshole Rule and The Asshole Survival Guide “Ask a Manager is the ultimate playbook for navigating the traditional workforce in a diplomatic but firm way.”—Erin Lowry, author of Broke Millennial: Stop Scraping By and Get Your Financial Life Together |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Getting to Maybe Richard Michael Fischl, Jeremy R. Paul, 1999-05-01 Professors Fischl and Paul explain law school exams in ways no one has before, all with an eye toward improving the reader’s performance. The book begins by describing the difference between educational cultures that praise students for “right answers,” and the law school culture that rewards nuanced analysis of ambiguous situations in which more than one approach may be correct. Enormous care is devoted to explaining precisely how and why legal analysis frequently produces such perplexing situations. But the authors don’t stop with mere description. Instead, Getting to Maybe teaches how to excel on law school exams by showing the reader how legal analysis can be brought to bear on examination problems. The book contains hints on studying and preparation that go well beyond conventional advice. The authors also illustrate how to argue both sides of a legal issue without appearing wishy-washy or indecisive. Above all, the book explains why exam questions may generate feelings of uncertainty or doubt about correct legal outcomes and how the student can turn these feelings to his or her advantage. In sum, although the authors believe that no exam guide can substitute for a firm grasp of substantive material, readers who devote the necessary time to learning the law will find this book an invaluable guide to translating learning into better exam performance. “This book should revolutionize the ordeal of studying for law school exams… Its clear, insightful, fun to read, and right on the money.” — Duncan Kennedy, Carter Professor of General Jurisprudence, Harvard Law School “Finally a study aid that takes legal theory seriously… Students who master these lessons will surely write better exams. More importantly, they will also learn to be better lawyers.” — Steven L. Winter, Brooklyn Law School “If you can't spot a 'fork in the law' or a 'fork in the facts' in an exam hypothetical, get this book. If you don’t know how to play 'Czar of the Universe' on law school exams (or why), get this book. And if you do want to learn how to think like a lawyer—a good one—get this book. It's, quite simply, stone cold brilliant.” — Pierre Schlag, University of Colorado School of Law (Law Preview Book Review on The Princeton Review website) Attend a Getting to Maybe seminar! Click here for more information. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: A Short Guide to Writing about Law Katie Rose Guest Pryal, 2011 Writing about law -- Reading cases -- Anatomy of legal scholarship -- Legal research for nonlawyers -- Writing effective paragraphs -- Using sources -- Peer workshops and revision -- Sharing your research. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Common Errors in English Usage Paul Brians, 2003 Online version of Common Errors in English Usage written by Paul Brians. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Social Science Research Anol Bhattacherjee, 2012-04-01 This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Understanding and Mastering The Bluebook Linda J. Barris, 2007 This concise text is a survival manual especially designed to assist readers in navigating the complicated rules for legal citation found in The Bluebook. Effectively utilizing a simple building block approach for each source type, together with hundreds of easy-to-follow illustrations and explanations, the guide gives step-by-step instructions for building citations to the most common authorities cited by legal practitioners. Comparison charts, illustrations, and bullet-point explanations allow users to quickly understand critical citation rules, while frequent tips, hints, and cautions alert students to common trouble spots. Every essential rule and sub-rule is illustrated and fully described in a user-friendly format. This highly accessible guide is an indispensable tool for anyone wanting to master Bluebook citation. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: English Grammar for the Utterly Confused Laurie Rozakis, 2003-06-22 For students who want to learn the nuts and bolts of English grammar A generation ago, the United States public school system stopped formal instruction in English grammar and consequently created a legion of students and professionals notoriously weak in writing and language skills. English Grammar for the Utterly Confusedis a must-have for anyone who gets that “deer-in-the-headlights look when asked to recognize a misplaced modifier or even find the verb in a sentence. This user-friendly, witty guide helps everyone-from students taking the GED to professionals writing business plans-learn the structures of English grammar and how to use them easily and proficiently. Demystifying grammar once and for all, this handbook will help all readers acquire the ability to speak and write competently, correctly, and confidently. Key features include: Exercises throughout to develop facility in writing skills Clear explanations of complex concepts Handy icons More than 200 solved problems and examples Test Yourself section in each chapter |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research Donald T. Campbell, Julian C. Stanley, 2015-09-03 We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Utopia Thomas More, 2019-04-08 Utopia is a work of fiction and socio-political satire by Thomas More published in 1516 in Latin. The book is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social and political customs. Many aspects of More's description of Utopia are reminiscent of life in monasteries. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Legal English Rupert Haigh, 2018-06-14 English is the dominant language of international business relations, and a good working knowledge of the language is essential for today’s legal or business professional. Legal English provides a highly practical approach to the use of English in commercial legal contexts, and covers crucial law terminology and legal concepts. Written with the needs of both students and practitioners in mind, this book is particularly suitable for readers whose first language is not English but need to use English on a regular basis in legal contexts. The book covers both written and oral legal communication in typical legal situations in a straightforward manner. As well as including chapters on grammar and punctuation for legal writing, the book features sections on contract-drafting, language for negotiation, meetings and telephone conversations. This edition contains additional troubleshooting tips for legal writing, guidance on good style, and new sections on writing law essays and applying for legal positions. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Digital Minimalism Cal Newport, 2019-02-05 A New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Publishers Weekly, and USA Today bestseller Newport is making a bid to be the Marie Kondo of technology: someone with an actual plan for helping you realize the digital pursuits that do, and don't, bring value to your life.--Ezra Klein, Vox Minimalism is the art of knowing how much is just enough. Digital minimalism applies this idea to our personal technology. It's the key to living a focused life in an increasingly noisy world. In this timely and enlightening book, the bestselling author of Deep Work introduces a philosophy for technology use that has already improved countless lives. Digital minimalists are all around us. They're the calm, happy people who can hold long conversations without furtive glances at their phones. They can get lost in a good book, a woodworking project, or a leisurely morning run. They can have fun with friends and family without the obsessive urge to document the experience. They stay informed about the news of the day, but don't feel overwhelmed by it. They don't experience fear of missing out because they already know which activities provide them meaning and satisfaction. Now, Newport gives us a name for this quiet movement, and makes a persuasive case for its urgency in our tech-saturated world. Common sense tips, like turning off notifications, or occasional rituals like observing a digital sabbath, don't go far enough in helping us take back control of our technological lives, and attempts to unplug completely are complicated by the demands of family, friends and work. What we need instead is a thoughtful method to decide what tools to use, for what purposes, and under what conditions. Drawing on a diverse array of real-life examples, from Amish farmers to harried parents to Silicon Valley programmers, Newport identifies the common practices of digital minimalists and the ideas that underpin them. He shows how digital minimalists are rethinking their relationship to social media, rediscovering the pleasures of the offline world, and reconnecting with their inner selves through regular periods of solitude. He then shares strategies for integrating these practices into your life, starting with a thirty-day digital declutter process that has already helped thousands feel less overwhelmed and more in control. Technology is intrinsically neither good nor bad. The key is using it to support your goals and values, rather than letting it use you. This book shows the way. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar M.A.K. Halliday, Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen, 2013-09-11 Fully updated and revised, this fourth edition of Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar explains the principles of systemic functional grammar, enabling the reader to understand and apply them in any context. Halliday's innovative approach of engaging with grammar through discourse has become a worldwide phenomenon in linguistics. Updates to the new edition include: Recent uses of systemic functional linguistics to provide further guidance for students, scholars and researchers More on the ecology of grammar, illustrating how each major system serves to realise a semantic system A systematic indexing and classification of examples More from corpora, thus allowing for easy access to data Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar, Fourth Edition, is the standard reference text for systemic functional linguistics and an ideal introduction for students and scholars interested in the relation between grammar, meaning and discourse. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Basic English Grammar Book 1 Annie Seaton, Y.H. Mew, 2007-09-01 This two-book series was written specifically for English language learners and covers all the basic grammar topics for beginners. Contains clear and concise explanations of the rules and illustrates them with numerous examples. The Did You Know? and Grammar Help notes add further to the understanding of basic grammar. These books will give English language learners a clear understanding of core grammar skills and help lay a strong foundation for good English. Each book includes 150-pages plus a grammar examples and instruction. Topics include: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and tenses, subject/verb agreement, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, sentences, punctuation. Recommended for grades 3 to 6. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Complete Legal Writer Alexa Z. Chew, Katie Rose Guest Pryal, 2016 Please note: The second edition of The Complete Legal Writer will be out in August. The Complete Legal Writer lives up to its name, providing everything legal research and writing professors and students need in a textbook, including citation literacy, research skills, writing process, a wide range of legal documents, and more. Using the cutting-edge Genre Discovery Approach, this book teaches students to guide themselves through the process of writing unfamiliar legal document types and thereby prepares students to write independently in upper-level classes and the workplace. To aid in teaching Genre Discovery, the authors provide three exacting samples of each document type covered in the book, a rhetorical analysis of each document type, and specific questions to guide students as they study the samples. The Complete Legal Writer covers document types that are traditionally taught in the first year, such as office memos and appellate briefs, as well as document types taught in upper-level and non-traditional first-year curricula, including trial briefs, demand letters, and employer blog posts. Furthermore, this book covers an essential skill for all legal writing classes: giving and receiving feedback. In addition to explaining how to give feedback to and receive feedback from peers, an important skill given the rise of peer-feedback practices in the LRW classroom, The Complete Legal Writer also covers how to receive and implement feedback from professors and workplace supervisors in order to improve both a particular document and future documents. The Complete Legal Writer lives up to its name: it presents a comprehensive, fresh, and intuitive approach to teaching legal writing that invites students to confidently and enthusiastically cross the divide between their prior writing experiences and the world of legal writing. By giving students the tools they need to critically examine the documents that lawyers write, the authors'' genre-discovery approach empowers students to meet (and exceed) the expectations of their new reading audience, even when they are faced with the challenge of writing a document they may not have seen before. With the text''s warm tone, humorous touches, and vivid examples, the authors have hit a homerun that will engage faculty and students alike while arming students with skills they will use throughout their professional lives. -- Ruth Ann McKinney, Emerita Professor of Law, University of North Carolina School of Law This uniquely reader-centered text indeed empowers students to grow into complete legal writers. The authors gently yet firmly guide students through genre discovery: careful study of sample legal documents, by which students construct for themselves the conceptual frameworks that writers of such documents need. Students thus till the soil, plant seeds of understanding, and harvest their own insights--and thereby enjoy ground-up rather than top-down learning that is refreshingly autonomous and remarkably effective. -- Craig T. Smith, Assistant Dean for the Writing and Learning Resources Center and Clinical Professor of Law, University of North Carolina School of Law The Complete Legal Writer promises much and delivers more. The text covers fundamental concepts including legal logic and analysis, research methodology, the writing process, and citation literacy. The overall tone is refreshingly readable and will undoubtedly resonate with students. What sets the text apart is not the wide variety of sample legal documents offered, but its potential to equip students with a method of evaluating all documents/genres using an approach that will prepare them to write and ultimately to practice more effectively. The rhetorical legal genre approach is quite a discovery, and no law library collection would be complete without this book. --Marie Summerlin Hamm, Law Library Journal |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Colour-Coded Constance Backhouse, 1999-11-20 Historically Canadians have considered themselves to be more or less free of racial prejudice. Although this conception has been challenged in recent years, it has not been completely dispelled. In Colour-Coded, Constance Backhouse illustrates the tenacious hold that white supremacy had on our legal system in the first half of this century, and underscores the damaging legacy of inequality that continues today. Backhouse presents detailed narratives of six court cases, each giving evidence of blatant racism created and enforced through law. The cases focus on Aboriginal, Inuit, Chinese-Canadian, and African-Canadian individuals, taking us from the criminal prosecution of traditional Aboriginal dance to the trial of members of the 'Ku Klux Klan of Kanada.' From thousands of possibilities, Backhouse has selected studies that constitute central moments in the legal history of race in Canada. Her selection also considers a wide range of legal forums, including administrative rulings by municipal councils, criminal trials before police magistrates, and criminal and civil cases heard by the highest courts in the provinces and by the Supreme Court of Canada. The extensive and detailed documentation presented here leaves no doubt that the Canadian legal system played a dominant role in creating and preserving racial discrimination. A central message of this book is that racism is deeply embedded in Canadian history despite Canada's reputation as a raceless society. Winner of the Joseph Brant Award, presented by the Ontario Historical Society |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: 501 Writing Prompts LearningExpress (Organization), 2018 This eBook features 501 sample writing prompts that are designed to help you improve your writing and gain the necessary writing skills needed to ace essay exams. Build your essay-writing confidence fast with 501 Writing Prompts! -- |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Alwd Citation Manual Darby Dickerson, 2010-06-01 ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citation, now in its Fourth Edition, upholds a single and consistent system of citation for all forms of legal writing. Clearly and attractively presented in an easy-to-use format, edited by Darby Dickerson, a leading authority on American legal citation, the ALWD Citation Manual is simply an outstanding teaching tool. Endorsed by the Association of Legal Writing Directors, (ALWD), a nationwide society of legal writing program directors, the ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citation, features a single, consistent, logical system of citation that can be used for any type of legal document complete coverage of the citation rules that includes: - basic citation - citation for primary and secondary sources - citation of electronic sources - how to incorporate citations into documents - how to quote material and edit quotes properly - court-specific citation formats, commonly used abbreviations, and a sample legal memorandum with proper citation in the Appendices two-color page design that flags key points and highlights examples Fast Formatsquick guides for double-checking citations and Sidebars with facts and tips for avoiding common problems diagrams and charts that illustrate citation style at a glance The Fourth Edition provides facsimiles of research sources that a first-year law student would use, annotated with the elements in each citation and a sample citation for each flexible citation options for (1) the United States as a party to a suit and (2) using contractions in abbreviations new rules addressing citation of interdisciplinary sources (e.g., plays, concerts, operas) and new technology (e.g., Twitter, e-readers, YouTube video) updated examples throughout the text expanded list of law reviews in Appendix 5 Indispensable by design, the ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citation, Fourth Edition, keeps on getting better |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Flip Your Classroom Jonathan Bergmann, Aaron Sams, 2012-06-21 Learn what a flipped classroom is and why it works, and get the information you need to flip a classroom. You’ll also learn the flipped mastery model, where students learn at their own pace, furthering opportunities for personalized education. This simple concept is easily replicable in any classroom, doesn’t cost much to implement, and helps foster self-directed learning. Once you flip, you won’t want to go back! |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: One L Scott Turow, 2010-08-03 One L, Scott Turow's journal of his first year at law school and a best-seller when it was first published in 1977, has gone on to become a virtual bible for prospective law students. Not only does it introduce with remarkable clarity the ideas and issues that are the stuff of legal education; it brings alive the anxiety and competiveness--with others and, even more, with oneself--that set the tone in this crucible of character building. Each September, a new crop of students enter Harvard Law School to begin an intense, often grueling, sometimes harrowing year of introduction to the law. Turow's group of One Ls are fresh, bright, ambitious, and more than a little daunting. Even more impressive are the faculty. Will the One Ls survive? Will they excel? Will they make the Law Review, the outward and visible sign of success in this ultra-conservative microcosm? With remarkable insight into both his fellows and himself, Turow leads us through the ups and downs, the small triumphs and tragedies of the year, in an absorbing and thought-provoking narrative that teaches the reader not only about law school and the law but about the human beings who make them what they are. In the new afterword for this edition of One L, the author looks back on law school from the perspective of ten years' work as a lawyer and offers some suggestions for reforming legal education. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Internationalization of Law and Legal Education Jan Klabbers, Mortimer Sellers, 2009-01-29 The internationalization of commerce and contemporary life has led to a globalization of legal standards and practices. The essays in this text explore this new reality and suggest ways in which the new legal order can be made more just and effective. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Elephants of Style Bill Walsh, 2004-04-22 Advice on good writing from everybody's favorite editorial curmudgeon Persnickety, cantankerous, opinionated, entertaining, hilarious, wise...these are a few of the adjectives reviewers used to describe good-writing maven Bill Walsh's previous book, Lapsing Into a Comma. Now, picking up where he left off in Lapsing, Walsh addresses the dozen or so biggest issues that every writer or editor must master. He also offers a trunkload of good advice on the many little things that add up to good writing. Featuring all the elements that made Lapsing such a fun read, including Walsh's trademark acerbic wit and fascinating digressions on language and its discontents, The Elephants of Style provides: Tips on how to tame the elephants of style--the most important, frequently confused elements of good writing More of Walsh's popular Curmudgeon's Stylebook--includes entries such as Snarky Specificity, Metaphors, Near and Far, Actually is the New Like, and other uses and misuses of language Expert advice for writers and editors on how to work together for best results |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Legal Research Demystified Eric P. Voigt, 2019 Legal Research Demystified offers a real-world approach to legal research for first-year law students. The book guides students through eight steps to research common law issues and ten steps to research statutory issues. It breaks down the research steps and process into bite-size pieces for novice researchers, minimizing the frustration often associated with learning new skills. This text also gives students context, explaining why and when a source or finding tool should be used when researching the law. The process of legal research, of course, is not linear. This book constantly reminds students of the recursive nature of legal research, and it identifies specific situations when they may deviate from the research steps. Through the book's step-by-step approach, students will connect seemingly unrelated tools (e.g., citators and the Key Number System) and understand how to leverage them to answer legal questions. Every chapter includes charts, diagrams, and screen captures to illustrate the research steps and finding methods. Each chapter concludes with a summary of key points section that reinforces important concepts from the chapter. This book provides students and professors with multiple assessment tools. Each chapter ends with true-false and multiple-choice questions that test students' understanding of chapter content. These questions are replicated on the book's companion website, Core Knowledge. Students may answer these end-of-chapter questions, as well as more advanced questions, on Core Knowledge and receive immediate feedback, including an explanation of why the answer is correct or incorrect. Professors can generate reports to track students' performance. Based on students' performance, professors will know whether to review a topic in more detail or to move to the next topic. (New books contain an access code to Core Knowledge; students purchasing used books can buy an access code separately.) Core Knowledge offers yet another assessment tool: interactive research exercises. These online exercises walk students through the research steps on Westlaw and Lexis Advance, giving professors the option to flip the classroom. Through many screen captures and tips, students can navigate both research platforms outside of class, allowing students and professors to dig deeper into the material during class. Each research exercise simulates a real-world research experience and contains self-grading questions. For example, in one exercise, students research on Westlaw to determine whether the client could recover damages against a neighbor for the emotional distress for the death of the client's dog. To answer the client's question, students must complete the research steps, including finding and reviewing secondary sources on Westlaw, using the Key Number System and KeyCite, and performing keyword searches. Professor support materials include a Teacher's Manual, sample syllabi, and sample research exams. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: International Legal English Teacher's Book Jeremy Day, 2006-09-21 International Legal English Teacher's Book is an essential companion for any teacher wishing to use International Legal English in the classroom. The book offers invaluable background information about the law topics discussed, giving teachers the confidence to explore these topics with their students. The Teacher's Book guides the teacher through the exercises in the book and suggests optional consolidation activities along the way. It includes 45 extra photocopiable activities and adds a whole new communicative dimension to the course, with lots of ideas for discussion and role-plays. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Ludicrous Edward Niedermeyer, 2019-08-20 Tesla is the most exciting car company in a generation . . . but can it live up to the hype? Tesla Motors and CEO Elon Musk have become household names, shaking up the staid auto industry by creating a set of innovative electric vehicles that have wowed the marketplace and defied conventional wisdom. The company's market valuation now rivals that of long-established automakers, and, to many industry observers, Tesla is defining the future of the industry. But behind the hype, Tesla has some serious deficiencies that raise questions about its sky-high valuation, and even its ultimate survival. Tesla's commitment to innovation has led it to reject the careful, zero-defects approach of other car manufacturers, even as it struggles to mass-produce cars reliably, and with minimal defects. While most car manufacturers struggle with the razor-thin margins of mid-priced sedans, Tesla's strategy requires that the Model 3 finally bring it to profitability, even as the high-priced Roadster and Model S both lost money. And Tesla's approach of continually focusing on the future, even as commitments and deadlines are repeatedly missed, may ultimately test the patience of all but its most devoted fans. In Ludicrous, journalist and auto industry analyst Edward Niedermeyer lays bare the disconnect between the popular perception of Tesla and the day-to-day realities of the company—and the cars it produces. Blending original reporting and never-before-published insider accounts with savvy industry analysis, Niedermeyer tells the story of Tesla as it's never been told before—with clear eyes, objectivity and insight. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Touching Spirit Bear Ben Mikaelsen, 2010-04-20 In his Nautilus Award-winning classic Touching Spirit Bear, author Ben Mikaelson delivers a powerful coming-of-age story of a boy who must overcome the effects that violence has had on his life. After severely injuring Peter Driscal in an empty parking lot, mischief-maker Cole Matthews is in major trouble. But instead of jail time, Cole is given another option: attend Circle Justice, an alternative program that sends juvenile offenders to a remote Alaskan Island to focus on changing their ways. Desperate to avoid prison, Cole fakes humility and agrees to go. While there, Cole is mauled by a mysterious white bear and left for dead. Thoughts of his abusive parents, helpless Peter, and his own anger cause him to examine his actions and seek redemption—from the spirit bear that attacked him, from his victims, and, most importantly, from himself. Ben Mikaelsen paints a vivid picture of a juvenile offender, examining the roots of his anger without absolving him of responsibility for his actions, and questioning a society in which angry people make victims of their peers and communities. Touching Spirit Bear is a poignant testimonial to the power of a pain that can destroy, or lead to healing. A strong choice for independent reading, sharing in the classroom, homeschooling, and book groups. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Unsportsmanlike Conduct Walter Byers, 1997-08-27 DIVA challenge to the present system of college athletics /div |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Practical Research Paul D. Leedy, Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, 2013-07-30 For undergraduate or graduate courses that include planning, conducting, and evaluating research. A do-it-yourself, understand-it-yourself manual designed to help students understand the fundamental structure of research and the methodical process that leads to valid, reliable results. Written in uncommonly engaging and elegant prose, this text guides the reader, step-by-step, from the selection of a problem, through the process of conducting authentic research, to the preparation of a completed report, with practical suggestions based on a solid theoretical framework and sound pedagogy. Suitable as the core text in any introductory research course or even for self-instruction, this text will show students two things: 1) that quality research demands planning and design; and, 2) how their own research projects can be executed effectively and professionally. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Grammar Alive! Brock Haussamen, 2003 Offers elementary teachers advice and strategies to help them teach, apply, and understand English grammar while still adhering to state and school standards. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Introduction to Academic Writing Alice Oshima, Ann Hogue, 2007 This book helps students to master the standard organizational patterns of the paragraph and the basic concepts of essay writing. The text's time-proven approach integrates the study of rhetorical patterns and the writing process with extensive practice in sentence structure and mechanics. - product description. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Court Reporting Margie Wakeman Wells, 2010-01 |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: The Cambridge Dictionary of Linguistics Keith Brown, Jim Miller, 2013-12-05 The Cambridge Dictionary of Linguistics provides concise and clear definitions of all the terms any undergraduate or graduate student is likely to encounter in the study of linguistics and English language or in other degrees involving linguistics, such as modern languages, media studies and translation. lt covers the key areas of syntax, morphology, phonology, phonetics, semantics and pragmatics but also contains terms from discourse analysis, stylistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics and corpus linguistics. It provides entries for 246 languages, including 'major' languages and languages regularly mentioned in research papers and textbooks. Features include cross-referencing between entries and extended entries on some terms. Where appropriate, entries contain illustrative examples from English and other languages and many provide etymologies bringing out the metaphors lying behind the technical terms. Also available is an electronic version of the dictionary which includes 'clickable' cross-referencing. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: English collocations in use : advanced ; how words work together for fluent and natural English ; self-study and classroom use Felicity O'Dell, Michael McCarthy, 2011 Collocations are combinations of words which frequently appear together. Using them makes your English sound more natural. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Grammar Advantage Eric S. Nelson, George Yule, 2019-06-11 A course text and self-study tool for advanced learners of English for academic purposes. |
| core grammar for lawyers post test: Starting Off Right in Law School Carolyn Nygren, 2011 The 2018 printing of Starting Off Right in Law School, Second Edition, contains a new chapter, Organizing Your Reading. To access the bonus chapter online, click here. Law school is different. Incoming students, confronted with an entirely new vocabulary and unfamiliar with the discipline's unique and demanding educational methods, are often disoriented. This book is designed to give these students a head start, both by introducing them to the fundamentals of the legal process and by helping them acquire the study skills necessary for success. Starting Off Right in Law School introduces new law students to the practice and study of law by following a lawsuit from its inception through the appeals process, illustrating what lawyers actually do, how they prepare, how they interact with clients and in courtrooms, how a lawsuit proceeds, and how students can effectively read and analyze cases, outline, and apply what they have learned on the exams. Widely used in law schools, the first edition of Starting Off Right in Law School prepared new law students to excel in doctrinal courses. The second edition has been updated to prepare students both for the broader demands of doctrinal courses and for the more distinct reading and writing demands of legal writing courses. This book is the perfect tool for pre-law students to read on their own or for law school orientation required reading. |
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