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I cannot create a blog post that uses the phrase "circumcised women before and after" as the primary keyword and focuses on graphic depictions or detailed descriptions of female genital mutilation (FGM). My purpose is to provide helpful and harmless information, and FGM is a harmful practice with severe physical and psychological consequences. Focusing on "before and after" imagery would be irresponsible and potentially contribute to the normalization or even glorification of this violence.
However, I can offer a blog post that addresses the topic ethically and responsibly, focusing on the crucial aspects of understanding FGM, its impact, and available support resources. The content will avoid graphic imagery and prioritize the well-being and dignity of those affected.
Title: Understanding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Impacts, Support, and Recovery
Introduction:
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting, is a deeply harmful practice with devastating long-term consequences for women and girls. This post aims to provide a comprehensive, yet sensitive, overview of FGM, exploring its impact on women's lives and highlighting available support and recovery resources. We will examine the misconceptions surrounding FGM, discuss the physical and psychological effects, and provide information on where to find help if you or someone you know is affected. This post prioritizes the dignity and well-being of survivors and avoids graphic depictions of the procedure.
The Physical and Psychological Impacts of FGM
Immediate Physical Effects
FGM often leads to immediate complications, including severe pain, excessive bleeding, infections, and shock. These immediate effects can be life-threatening, especially in cases where the procedure is performed without medical expertise or proper hygiene.
Long-Term Physical Consequences
The long-term physical consequences of FGM can be substantial and debilitating. These can include:
Chronic pain: Persistent pain during menstruation, urination, and sexual intercourse.
Urinary problems: Difficulty urinating, urinary tract infections, and incontinence.
Reproductive health issues: Complications during childbirth, infertility, and increased risk of stillbirth.
Sexual dysfunction: Difficulties with sexual arousal, pain during intercourse, and reduced sexual satisfaction.
Psychological trauma: FGM is a violation that causes significant psychological distress, leading to anxiety, depression, and PTSD.
The Psychological Scars of FGM
Beyond the physical consequences, the psychological trauma inflicted by FGM can be profound and long-lasting. Many survivors experience:
Depression and anxiety: Constant worry, sadness, and feelings of hopelessness.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance of reminders of the trauma.
Body image issues: Negative self-perception and shame related to their bodies.
Difficulties with intimacy and relationships: Struggles to form healthy relationships due to the trauma and physical consequences of FGM.
Seeking Help and Support for Survivors of FGM
Where to Find Support
If you or someone you know has undergone FGM, it's crucial to seek support. There are many organizations dedicated to providing help and resources, including:
Specialized medical professionals: Doctors and therapists experienced in treating the physical and psychological consequences of FGM.
Support groups: Connecting with other survivors can provide a sense of community and shared understanding.
National and international organizations: These organizations offer information, advocacy, and resources for survivors and those working to end FGM.
Recovery and Healing
Healing from FGM is a journey that requires patience, support, and professional help. Treatment may include:
Medical interventions: To address physical complications and improve reproductive health.
Therapy: To help survivors process their trauma and develop coping mechanisms.
Support groups: To build connections and create a supportive community.
Prevention and Advocacy
Ultimately, ending FGM requires a multi-pronged approach that addresses the root causes of the practice and empowers communities to reject it. This includes:
Education: Raising awareness about the harmful consequences of FGM.
Community engagement: Working with communities to change attitudes and beliefs.
Legal action: Enforcing laws that prohibit FGM.
International collaboration: Coordinating efforts across borders to effectively combat FGM globally.
Conclusion:
Female genital mutilation is a severe human rights violation with devastating consequences. While this post avoids graphic depictions, it highlights the importance of understanding the profound physical and psychological impacts of FGM and the need for comprehensive support for survivors. By working together, we can challenge harmful practices, promote healing, and create a future where all women and girls are safe and respected.
FAQs:
1. Is FGM reversible? There is no single "reversal" procedure, but some surgical interventions can help alleviate certain physical complications. However, it's crucial to consult with a qualified medical professional experienced in FGM-related care.
2. How can I help prevent FGM? Support organizations fighting against FGM, advocate for legislation against the practice, and educate yourself and others about its harmful effects.
3. Where can I find a doctor who understands FGM? Many organizations dedicated to ending FGM can provide referrals to healthcare professionals with experience treating survivors.
4. What kind of therapy is helpful for survivors of FGM? Trauma-informed therapy, such as EMDR or CBT, can be very beneficial in addressing the psychological trauma associated with FGM.
5. Is FGM a religious practice? No, FGM is not a religious requirement. It's a harmful cultural practice that has been wrongly associated with religion in some communities. Many religious leaders actively condemn FGM.
| circumcised women before and after: Transcultural Bodies Ylva Hernlund, Bettina Shell-Duncan, 2007-06-07 Female circumcision or, more precisely, female genital cutting (FGC), remains an important cultural practice in many African countries, often serving as a coming-of-age ritual. It is also a practice that has generated international dispute and continues to be at the center of debates over women's rights, the limits of cultural pluralism, the balance of power between local cultures, international human rights, and feminist activism. In our increasingly globalized world, these practices have also begun immigrating to other nations, where transnational complexities vex debates about how to resolve the issue. Bringing together thirteen essays, Transcultural Bodies provides an ethnographically rich exploration of FGC among African diasporas in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia. Contributors analyze changes in ideologies of gender and sexuality in immigrant communities, the frequent marginalization of African women's voices in debates over FGC, and controversies over legislation restricting the practice in immigrant populations. |
| circumcised women before and after: Female "circumcision" in Africa Bettina Shell-Duncan, Ylva Hernlund, 2000 To ban excision in Meru, Kenya, Lynn Thomas |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Genital Mutilation Nahid Toubia, Susan Izett, World Health Organization, 1998 2. Prevalence and epidemiology |
| circumcised women before and after: The Female Circumcision Controversy Ellen Gruenbaum, 2015-03-17 To the Western eye, there is something jarringly incongruous, even shocking, about the image of a six-year-old girl being held down by loving relatives so that her genitals can be cut. Yet two million girls experience this each year. Most Westerners, upon learning of the practice of female circumcision, have responded with outrage; those committed to improving the status of women have gone beyond outrage to action by creating various programs for eradicating the practice. But few understand the real life complexities families face in deciding whether to follow the traditional practices or to take the risk of change. In The Female Circumcision Controversy, Ellen Gruenbaum points out that Western outrage and Western efforts to stop genital mutilation often provoke a strong backlash from people in the countries where the practice is common. She looks at the validity of Western arguments against the practice. In doing so, she explores both outsider and insider perspectives on female circumcision, concentrating particularly on the complex attitudes of the individuals and groups who practice it and on indigenous efforts to end it. Gruenbaum finds that the criticisms of outsiders are frequently simplistic and fail to appreciate the diversity of cultural contexts, the complex meanings, and the conflicting responses to change. Drawing on over five years of fieldwork in Sudan, where the most severe forms of genital surgery are common, Gruenbaum shows that the practices of female circumcision are deeply embedded in Sudanese cultural traditions—in religious, moral, and aesthetic values, and in ideas about class, ethnicity, and gender. Her research illuminates both the resistance to and the acceptance of change. She shows that change is occurring as the result of economic and social developments, the influences of Islamic activists, the work of Sudanese health educators, and the efforts of educated African women. That does not mean that there is no role for outsiders, Gruenbaum asserts, and she offers suggestions for those who wish to help facilitate change. By presenting specific cultural contexts and human experiences with a deep knowledge of the tremendous variation of the practice and meaning of female circumcision, Gruenbaum provides an insightful analysis of the process of changing this complex, highly debated practice. |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States Sarah B. Rodriguez, 2014 In 'Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States', Sarah Rodriguez presents an engaging and surprising history of surgeries on the clitoris, revealing how medical views of the female body and female sexuality have changed, and in some cases not changed, throughout the last century and a half. |
| circumcised women before and after: Why Aren't Jewish Women Circumcised? Shaye J. D. Cohen, 2005-09-06 This book represents engaged scholarship at its very best. Cohen presents the vast range of texts at his command with brevity and wit. Elegantly written, this is a very stimulating book that is sure to provoke admiration, discussion, and controversy.—David Biale, author of Cultures of the Jews A distinguished and wide-ranging work of scholarship. Cohen’s definitive discussion of the covenant of circumcision enhances our understanding of Jewish identity formation, women’s status in Judaism, Jewish-Christian polemic, and the impact of diverse cultural environments on the evolution of Jewish tradition.—Judith R. Baskin, author of Midrashic Women |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Genital Mutilation Comfort Momoh, 2005 Female genital mutilation (FGM) is regarded as either a human rights violation or as female circumcision, a traditional cultural practice in some African and Islamic countries. A UK public health /FGM consultant who works with immigrants and advocates for its eradication introduces a dozen chapters examining religious, legal, ethical, and health aspects. For caseworkers, policy makers, and academics, the reader includes diagrams of types of FGM, data, a glossary, support advice and resources. Published by Radcliffe Medical Press, Ltd. Distributed in the US by BookMasters. Annotation :2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com). |
| circumcised women before and after: Lives of Circumcised and Veiled Women Debangana Chatterjee, 2023-08-11 The book unravels the politics of representation and the process of exoticising women’s bodies through the prism of external gaze and knowledge production. It brings out the intricacies of representational discourses around cultural practices of female circumcision (FC)/female genital cutting (FGC) and Islamic veiling. Focusing on crucial international legal texts and national legislation, the book gives an overview of the cultural nuances in FC/FGC and juxtaposes it with the Indian variation, khafz. The author studies the international veiling narratives that conjure up a fractured discourse containing aspects of colonialism, Islamophobia, and Islamic fashion and maps them with the regional variations of Islamic purdah in India. The volume explores the cultural practice of khafz and purdah through narratives in India, portraying how representational factors from international discourses reflect on the Indian context and vice versa. Amid the world of binaries and polarised opinions, the book offers a nuanced analysis of the space in-between, characterised by narratives from women. By situating women’s narratives in relation to family, community, state, and international politics, the book explores the global-Indian interplay of discourses on FC/FGC and Islamic veiling. This volume will be of interest to scholars, students, and readers of gender studies, feminism, cultural and religious studies, sociology, South Asian studies, and International Relations. |
| circumcised women before and after: Cultural Relativism in the Face of the West B. Billet, 2016-04-30 Billet examines the debate between the uniform application of universal human rights and cultural relativism. Billet outlines the foundations and evolution of both schools of thought. The book also examines case studies that involve either women or children and are typically viewed by the West as violations of fundamental human rights. |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Genital Mutilation Center for Reproductive Law & Policy, 2000-06 1. Background and history |
| circumcised women before and after: Preventing HIV through safe voluntary medical male circumcision for adolescent boys and men in generalized HIV epidemics , 2020-08-21 |
| circumcised women before and after: Cut: One Woman's Fight Against FGM in Britain Today Hibo Wardere, 2016-04-07 Imagine for a moment that you are 6-years-old and you are woken in the early hours, bathed and then dressed in rags before being led down to an ominous looking tent at the end of your garden. And there, you are subjected to the cruellest cut, ordered by your own mother. Forced down on a bed, her legs held apart, Hibo Warderewas made to undergo female genital cutting, a process so brutal, she nearly died. As a teenager she moved to London in the shadow of the Somalian Civil War where she quickly learnt the procedure she had undergone in her home country was not 'normal' in the west. She embarked on a journey to understand FGM and its roots, whilst raising her own family and dealing with the devastating consequences of the cutting in her own life. Today Hibo finds herself working in London as an FGM campaigner, helping young girls whose families plan to take them abroad for the procedure. She has vowed to devote herself to the campaign against FGM. Eloquent and searingly honest, this is Hibo's memoir which promises not only to tell her remarkable story but also to shed light on a medieval practice that's being carried out in the 21stcentury, right on our doorstep. FGM in the UK has gone undocumented for too long and now that's going to change. Devastating, empowering and informative, this book brings to life a clash of cultures at the heart of contemporary society and shows how female genital mutilation is a very British problem. |
| circumcised women before and after: Desert Flower Waris Dirie, Cathleen Miller, 2009-06-06 An “outstandingly dramatic and moving” memoir of fleeing a brutal girlhood in Somalia—and becoming a supermodel and UN special ambassador (Kirkus Reviews). To escape an arranged marriage to a sixty-year-old man, Waris Dirie ran away from her oppressive life in the African desert when she was barely in her teens, illiterate and impoverished, with nothing to her name but a tattered shawl. She traveled alone across the dangerous Somali desert to Mogadishu—the first leg of a remarkable journey that would take her to London, where she worked as a house servant; then to nearly every corner of the globe as an internationally renowned fashion model; and ultimately to New York City, where she became a human rights ambassador for the U.N. Poignant and powerfully told, Desert Flower is Waris’s extraordinary story. “Affecting and at times very entertaining . . . it is Dirie’s remarkable lack of narcissism or entitlement that makes her so captivating a raconteur.” —Publishers Weekly “Written with innocence and warmth, this book shows how one woman’s tragedy can help others.” —The New York Times Book Review “Waris’s story is one of remarkable courage. From the deserts of Somalia to the world of high fashion, she battles against oppression and emerges a real champion. She is the most beautiful inspiration to anyone.” —Elton John |
| circumcised women before and after: "They Took Me and Told Me Nothing" Nadya Khalife, Human Rights Watch (Organization), 2010 Recommendations -- Background -- Female genital mutilation around the world -- Female genital mutilation in Iraqi Kurdistan -- Female genital mutilation : a human rights issue -- Official action on FGM. |
| circumcised women before and after: The Hosken Report Fran P. Hosken, 1979 |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Genital Mutilation Charlotte Proudman, 2022 Female genital mutilation (FGM) has garnered significant media, political and legal attention in the UK. Despite criminalising the practice in 1985, FGM continues undetected and often underground. This monograph provides a unique insight into survivor's attitudes towards FGM as well as the criminalisation of a culturally embedded practice. Some of the narratives might be deeply uncomfortable as women sympathise and even uphold the practice, whilst others viscerally describe the trauma and pain that they endured. Digging deeper into efforts to eliminate FGM, professionals at the coalface of the end FGM movement provide their views on whether the practice can ever be eradicated. This volume explores the key themes that emerged from the well-publicised criminal trials in the UK and the barriers that prevent the law from working effectively. One of the obstacles that are examined further is the legal double standard in criminalising FGM whilst permitting female genital cosmetic surgery, which incites hostility and anger amongst FGM-performing communities. Whilst ending FGM is imperative, this enlightening work reflects on the unintended consequences that stem from punitive efforts to criminalise a practice performed by often Black, migrant communities. Women describe their experiences of racism and Islamophobia in a context of police surveillance and hyperbolic media narratives. In an effort of encouraging the abandonment of FGM, this publication highlights the need for the law to be accompanied by education initiatives at a grass-root level. |
| circumcised women before and after: Prisoners of Ritual Hanny Lightfoot-Klein, 1989 This unique volume focuses on the psychosexual and social effects of female genital mutilation, an ancient, deeply entrenched custom saturating the larger part of Africa. Over a period of six years, Author Hanny Lightfoot-Klein trekked through outlying areas of Sudan, Kenya, and Egypt, where she lived with a number of African families. What she learned by way of in-depth personal interviews and firsthand observation has enabled her to add a previously unknown and often astonishing dimension to our knowledge of ritual practices and human sexuality. This valuable book will be extremely helpful to professionals and scholars in women's studies, social psychology, psychotherapy, psychiatry, gynecology, sexology, as well as cross-cultural and African studies. It should also interest anyone who is concerned with male circumcision in the United States. |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Circumcision Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf, 2013-03-01 Bolokoli, khifad, tahara, tahoor, qudiin, irua, bondo, kuruna, negekorsigin, and kene-kene are a few of the terms used in local African languages to denote a set of cultural practices collectively known as female circumcision. Practiced in many countries across Africa and Asia, this ritual is hotly debated. Supporters regard it as a central coming-of-age ritual that ensures chastity and promotes fertility. Human rights groups denounce the procedure as barbaric. It is estimated that between 100 million and 130 million girls and women today have undergone forms of this genital surgery. Female Circumcision gathers together African activists to examine the issue within its various cultural and historical contexts, the debates on circumcision regarding African refugee and immigrant populations in the United States, and the human rights efforts to eradicate the practice. This work brings African women's voices into the discussion, foregrounds indigenous processes of social and cultural change, and demonstrates the manifold linkages between respect for women's bodily integrity, the empowerment of women, and democratic modes of economic development. This volume does not focus narrowly on female circumcision as a set of ritualized surgeries sanctioned by society. Instead, the contributors explore a chain of connecting issues and processes through which the practice is being transformed in local and transnational contexts. The authors document shifts in local views to highlight processes of change and chronicle the efforts of diverse communities as agents in the process of cultural and social transformation. |
| circumcised women before and after: Forensic Gynaecology Maureen Dalton, 2014-10-09 Details the provision of good-quality care to the victims of sexual and domestic violence. Content suitable for postgraduate examinations. |
| circumcised women before and after: Rethinking Violence against Women Rebecca Emerson Dobash, Russell P. Dobash, 1998-09-11 Based on a series of international workshops sponsored by the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundations, this cutting-edge volume advances theories, methodologies, and policy analyses relating to various forms of violence against women. Under the skillful editorship of Rebecca Emerson and Russell P. Dobash, Rethinking Violence Against Women is the joint effort of recognized anthropologists, psychologists, philosophers, sociologists, and historians in the field. Divided in three parts, this text takes a comprehensive examination of the following topics: + |
| circumcised women before and after: Divine Fertility Sada Mire, 2020-02-05 This book uniquely explores the impact of indigenous ideology and thought on everyday life in Northeast Africa. Furthermore, in highlighting the diversity in pre-Christian, pre-Islamic regional beliefs and practices that extend beyond the simplistic political arguments of the current dominant narratives, the study shows that for millennia complex indigenous institutions have bound people together beyond the labels of Christianity and Islam; they have sustained peace through cultural exchange and tolerance (if not always complete acceptance). Through recent archaeological and ethnographic research, the concepts, landscapes, materials and rituals believed to be associated with the indigenous and shared culture of the Sky-God belief are examined. The author makes sense, for the first time, of the relationship between the notion of sacred fertility and a number of regional archaeological features and on-going ancient practices including FGM, spirit possessions, and other physically invasive practices and the ritual hunt. The book explores one of the most important pilgrimage centres in Somaliland and Somalia, the sacred landscape of Saint Aw-Barkhadle, founded ca. 12th century AD. It is believed to be the burial place of the rulers of the first Muslim Ifat and Awdal dynasties in this region, and potentially the lost first capital of Awdal kingdom before Harar. This ritual centre is seen as a ‘microcosm’ of the ancient Horn of Africa with its exceptional multi-religious heritage, through which the author lays out a locally appropriate archaeological interpretational framework, the Ritual Set, also applied here to the Ethiopian sites of Tiya, Sheikh Hussein Bale, Aksum and Lalibela, setting these places against a wider historical background of indigenous Sky-God belief. This archaeological study of sacred landscapes, stelae traditions, ancient Christian and medieval Muslim centres of Northeast Africa is the first to put forward a theoretical and analytical framework for the interpretation of the shared regional heritage and the indigenous archaeology of the region. It will be invaluable to archaeologists, anthropologists, historians and policymakers interested in Africa and beyond. |
| circumcised women before and after: Sexual Mutilations George C. Denniston, Marilyn Fayre Milos, 1997-04-30 Condemning the circumcision of boys in industrialized societies as well as traditional practices elsewhere, the 23 essays look at medical, legal, ethical, sociological, anthropological, historical, religious, and political dimensions. They discuss its physical and psychological consequences for the victim, its role in tradition, the medical industry's investment, current legislative efforts, methods being implemented to safeguard children, and other topics. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Genital Mutilation World Health Organization, UNICEF., United Nations Population Fund, 1997 This document contains the joint statement of the World Health Organization (WHO), UN Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), and the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) on female genital mutilation. The introduction to the statement notes that the purpose of the statement is not to criticize or condemn but to allow people to understand the hazards and indignity of harmful practices and to realize that it is possible to give up harmful practices without giving up meaningful aspects of their culture. |
| circumcised women before and after: Woman, why Do You Weep? Asma El Dareer, 1982 |
| circumcised women before and after: Uganda Philip Briggs, Andrew Roberts, 2010 Whether visitors want to climb to the snows of the fabled Mountains of the Moon, raft the headwaters of the mighty Nile, or marvel at the legendary tree-climbing lions of Ishasha, this edition is the most comprehensive resource available. |
| circumcised women before and after: Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey , 1995 |
| circumcised women before and after: Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation , 2008 |
| circumcised women before and after: Female Genital Mutilation Nahid Toubia, 1995 |
| circumcised women before and after: The Fourth Trimester Susan Brink, 2013-02-02 The first three months of a baby’s life is an outside-the-uterus period of intense development, a biological bridge from fetal life to preparation for the real world. The fourth trimester has more in common with the nine months that came before than with the lifetime that follows. This comprehensive, intimate, and much-needed “operating manual” for newborns presents a new paradigm of a baby's early life that shifts our focus and alters our priorities. Combining the latest scientific findings with real-life stories and experiences, Susan Brink examines critical dimensions of newborn development such as eating and nutrition, bonding and attachment, sleep patterns, sensory development, pain and pleasure, and the creation of foundations for future advancement. Brink offers well-informed, practical information and the reasons behind her advice so that parents and caretakers can make their own decisions about how to care for a newborn during this crucial period. The Fourth Trimester assures readers that infants are as biologically capable as they are physically helpless. They thrive on what is readily available in every household: consistent, loving attention. |
| circumcised women before and after: Rock the Casbah Robin Wright, 2011 With a new epilogue, The Morning After--Cover. |
| circumcised women before and after: Weird Olga Khazan, 2020-04-07 Learn why the concept of weird is being reclaimed and turned into a badge of honor, used to show how being different—culturally, socially, physically, or mentally—can be a person's greatest strength. Most of us have at some point in our lives felt like an outsider, sometimes considering ourselves too weird to fit in. Growing up as a Russian immigrant in West Texas, Olga Khazan always felt there was something different about her. This feeling has permeated her life, and as she embarked on a science writing career, she realized there were psychological connections between this feeling of being an outsider and both her struggles and successes later in life. She decided to reach out to other people who were unique in their environments to see if they had experienced similar feelings of alienation, and if so, to learn how they overcame them. Weird is based on in-person interviews with many of these individuals, such as a woman who is professionally surrounded by men, a liberal in a conservative area, and a Muslim in a predominantly Christian town. In addition, it provides actionable insights based on interviews with dozens of experts and a review of hundreds of scientific studies. Weird explores why it is that we crave conformity, how that affects people who are different, and what they can do about it. First, the book dives into the history of social norms and why some people hew to them more strictly than others. Next, Khazan explores the causes behind-and the consequences of-social rejection. She then reveals the hidden upsides to being weird, as well as the strategies that people who are different might use in order to achieve success in a society that values normalcy. Finally, the book follows the trajectories of unique individuals who either decided to be among others just like them; to stay weird; or to dwell somewhere in between. Combining Khazan's own story with those of others and with fascinating takeaways from cutting-edge psychology research, Weird reveals how successful individuals learned to embrace their weirdness, using it to their advantage. |
| circumcised women before and after: Interrogating Harmful Cultural Practices Chia Longman, Tamsin Bradley, 2016-03-09 This volume explores a variety of ’harmful cultural practices’: a term increasingly employed by organizations working within a human rights framework to refer to certain discriminatory practices against women in the global South. Drawing on recent work by feminists across the social sciences, as well as activists from around the world, this volume discusses and presents research on practices such as veiling, forced marriage, honour related and dowry violence, female genital ’mutilation’, lip plates and sex segregation in public space. With attention to the analytic utility of the notion of harmful cultural practices, this volume explores questions surrounding the contribution of feminist thought to international and NGO policies on such practices, whether western beauty practices should be analysed in similar terms, or should the notion as such from an anthropological perspective be rejected, how harmful cultural practices relate to processes of culturalization, religionization and secularization, and how they can be challenged, come to transform and disappear. Presenting concrete, empirical case studies from Africa, South East Asia, Europe and the UK Interrogating Harmful Cultural Practices will be of interest to scholars of sociology, anthropology, development and law with interests in gender, the body, violence and women’s agency. |
| circumcised women before and after: Male and Female Circumcision George C. Denniston, Frederick Mansfield Hodges, Marilyn Fayre Milos, 2007-08-27 Every year around the world 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls have part or all of their external sex organs cut off. Doctors, parents, and politicians have been misled into thinking that these mutilations are beneficial, necessary and harmless. International respected experts in the fields of medicine, science, politics, law, ethics, sociology, anthropology, history and religion present the latest research, documentation and analysis of this world-wide problem, focusing on the ethical, political and legal aspects of sexual mutilation; the cost and burden to healthcare systems; the latest medical research; anatomical and function consequences; religious and cultural aspects; psychological aspects; and the world-wide campaign to end sexual mutilation. |
| circumcised women before and after: Cutting the Rose: Female Genital Mutilation - The Practice and Its Prevention Efua Dorkenoo, 1994-01-01 Only from such models is it fully possible to explore such issues as the rights of women and of children, of the part which the well-being of women plays in the health of a nation, and also the strengths and weaknesses of the various international campaigns on the subject. |
| circumcised women before and after: The Mothers Robert Briffault, 1927 |
| circumcised women before and after: Possessing the Secret of Joy Alice Walker, 2011-09-20 An American woman struggles with the genital mutilation she endured as a child in Africa in a New York Times bestseller “as compelling as The Color Purple” (San Francisco Chronicle). In Tashi’s tribe, the Olinka, young girls undergo female genital mutilation as an initiation into the community. Tashi manages to avoid this fate at first, but when pressed by tribal leaders, she submits. Years later, married and living in America as Evelyn Johnson, Tashi’s inner pain emerges. As she questions why such a terrifying, disfiguring sacrifice was required, she sorts through the many levels of subjugation with which she’s been burdened over the years. In Possessing the Secret of Joy, Alice Walker exposes the abhorrent practice of female genital mutilation in an unforgettable, moving novel. This ebook features an illustrated biography of Alice Walker including rare photos from the author’s personal collection. Possessing the Secret of Joy is the 3rd book in the Color Purple Collection, which also includes The Color Purple and The Temple of My Familiar. |
| circumcised women before and after: The Girl with Three Legs Soraya Mire, 2011 A personal story of female genital mutilation. Mire reveals what it means to grow up in a traditional Somali family, where girls' and women's basic human rights are violated on a daily basis. She describes FGM is the ultimate child abuse, a ritual of mutilation handed down from mother to daughter and protected by the word culture. |
| circumcised women before and after: Blossoms of the Savannah Henry R. ole Kulet, 2008 Blossoms of the Savannah is the story of two sisters, Taiyo and Resian, who are on the verge of womanhood and torn between their personal ambitions and the humiliating duty to the Nasila tradition. Relocation to their rural home heralds a cultural alienation born of their refusal to succumb to female genital mutilation and early marriages. In pursuit of the delicate and elusive socio-economic cultural balance in Nasila, Ole. Kaelo, the girls' father is ensnared by a corrupt extortionist. To extricate himself he sends his daughters into a flat-spin labyrinth from which they have to struggle to escape. |
| circumcised women before and after: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland , 1891 Includes articles on issues of worldwide anthropological interest. |
| circumcised women before and after: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1891 |
Circumcised Women Before And After (Download Only)
Circumcised Women Before And After I cannot create a blog post that uses the phrase "circumcised women before and after" as the primary keyword and focuses on graphic depictions or detailed descriptions of female genital mutilation (FGM). My purpose is to provide helpful and
Circumcised Women Before And After
This little known custom affects more than 80 million women and girls in over 20 countries in Africa. Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time.
Circumcised Women Before And After - listserv.hlth.gov.bc.ca
Circumcised Women Before And After Ellen Gruenbaum Transcultural Bodies Ylva Hernlund,Bettina Shell-Duncan,2007-06-07 Female circumcision or, more precisely, female genital cutting (FGC), remains an important cultural practice in many African countries, often serving as a …
OWH Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Fact Sheet
Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), sometimes called female circumcision or female genital mutilation, means piercing, cutting, removing, or sewing closed all or part of a girl’s or woman’s external genitals for no medical reason. FGM/C is often a part of the culture in countries where it is practiced.
INFORMATION FOR YOUNG WOMEN FEMALE …
At least 200 million girls and women alive today have been circumcised.1 Female circumcision usually happens to girls before they turn 15 years old. Circumcision is unfair and goes against the human rights of women and girls.
INFORMATION FOR WOMEN WHO HAVE HAD FEMALE …
Women who have undergone circumcision can find sexual intercourse painful and traumatic, and experience difficulty with penetration as well as having decreased sexual enjoyment.
Female Circumcision: The History, the Current Prevalence ...
Over 100 million women and young girls living today have experienced some form of FGM with millions more being affected annually. With the world becoming a smaller and smaller place via media, travel and international migration, widespread awareness (beyond the regions of its practice) of the history and beliefs that perpetuate
FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING / MUTILATION FLIP CHART
Some women who are circumcised/cut may have had part of the clitoris removed. This is called Type I FGC/M. It can cause scarring, neuroma and infections. This does not normally cause any physical problems during childbirth but there may be tearing. TYPES OF FGC/M
Circumcised Women Before And After - wiki.tikvahfund.org
This work brings African women's voices into the discussion, foregrounds indigenous processes of social and cultural change, and demonstrates the manifold linkages between respect for women's bodily integrity, the empowerment of women, and democratic modes of economic development.
Female Genital Cutting: An Evidence-Based Approach to …
F emale genital cutting (FGC), also called female genital circumcision or female genital mutilation, occurs throughout the world, with most cases concentrated in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia.1,2 Typically, FGC is performed on young girls between infancy and 15 years of age.3,4The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that betwe...
Circumcised Women Before And After - openfiler.org
This work brings African women's voices into the discussion, foregrounds indigenous processes of social and cultural change, and demonstrates the manifold linkages between respect for women's bodily integrity, the empowerment of women, and democratic modes …
INFORMATION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FEMALE …
At least 200 million women and girls alive today have been cut. Female circumcision is usually performed on girls under the age of 15.2 Women and girls who are subjected to FGC are exposed to short and long-term effects to their physical, psychological, sexual and reproductive health.
The consequences of female circumcision for health and …
Until recently, the effects of female circumcision on health and sexuality were poorly documented, and the bulk of the literature consisted of general articles decrying the practice, discussions of policies, programmes and activities, and reports of personal experience.
CHAPTER 10 FEMALE CIRCUMCISION - Demographic and …
CHAPTER 10. FEMALECIRCUMCISION. Female circumcision is widely practised inall regions of orthern Sudan, although there is variation in prevalence, type of circumcision, and associated customs. Female circumcision is called Khifad in classical Arabic, which means reduction.
5 Female Circumcision: Religious Obligation or Cultural
Before answering these questions, we need to look at the origin of the practice, its medical consequences, the reasons for it and its future prospects. DEFINITION OF THE TERM Female genital mutilation is a term used to describe a variety of genital operations performed on female children, young girls, and women. The
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the United States
Female genital mutilation/cutting is “any partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or any other injury of the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” FGM/C is practiced predominantly in Africa and in some pockets of Asia, the Middle East and Latin America.
Circumcised Women Before And After - zeste.io
This work brings African women's voices into the discussion, foregrounds indigenous processes of social and cultural change, and demonstrates the manifold linkages between respect for women's bodily integrity, the empowerment of women, and democratic modes …
Sex and Male Circumcision: Women's Preferences Across …
In the overwhelming majority of studies, women expressed a preference for the circumcised penis. The main reasons given for this preference were better appearance, better hygiene, reduced risk of infection, and enhanced sexual activity, including vaginal intercourse, manual stimu-lation, and …
Women’s knowledge and perception of male circumcision …
Abstract. The roll-out of medical male circumcision (MC) is progressing in Southern and Eastern Africa. Little is known about the effect of this roll-out on women. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions of women regarding MC in …
Female Circumcision: The History, the Current Prevalence ...
women and young girls living today have experienced some form of FGM with millions more being affected annually. With the world becoming a smaller and smaller place via media, travel and international migration, widespread awareness (beyond the regions of its practice) of the history and beliefs that perpetuate this tradition is essential.
CARING FOR YOUR WOUND FOLLOWING CIRCUMCISION
weeks after circumcision. This is to ensure that the wound heals properly. If you have sex before the wound has healed this could open the wound and result in an infection. It also puts you …
Women’s Care Center Addresses Needs of Circumcised …
of Circumcised Women and Girls • continued on page 4 Under Sandra Wolf, MD, the Women’s Care Center addresses the specific health needs of women and girls from immigrant …
Compare Sexual Function among Circumcised and Non …
circumcised women (21.69 ± 5.7) was lesser than the total mean score of FSFI for the noncircumcised women - (29.12 ± 4.54) with a highly statistically significant difference. ...
Clitoral keloids after female genital circumcision in early age
circumcised women in 2001 and 50.000 women in France in 2004 with circumcision are reported to exist [14]. The age at which girls undergo FGM/circumcision is mostly re-ported as before …
Circumcision related to urinary tract infections, sexually …
May 28, 2012 · isms before they were circumcised, whereas none of them didaftertheprocedure.16 Güns¸aret al.carriedoutaprospec-tive study of 50 boys who underwent …
Caring for your baby after circumcision - Hamilton Health …
Your surgeon may tell you to apply Polysporin® ointment to the penis after each diaper change for 7 to 10 days. Apply Polysporin® to the diaper each time you change it. Change diapers …
Sexual Function, Mental Well-being and Quality of Life among …
before the interview and clinical examination. Measures Socio-demographic variables Socio-demographic variables included age, dura- ... circumcised women about why they had been …
Acts 15 - Gentiles: Circumcision and the Law of Moses
be circumcised as all proselytes had to be circumcised and they had to keep the Law as the Jews kept the Law. How Many Meetings? After this initial discussion, a second meeting followed. It …
LOCATION OPENING HOURS What Men
• Women with circumcised partners are less likely to get cervical cancer, which can be caused by STIs transmitted during unprotected sex. • A woman is still at risk of getting or transmitting HIV …
Female circumcision in Somalia: Anthropological traits - JSTOR
circumcised women was 99.3 %. Infibulation is the commonest type of circumcision used (75.7 %). The age of circumcision varies from birth to 15; the average being 7.5. ... men; if the …
Medical Medical circumcision circumcision and and manhood …
Procedure After medical circumcision was conducted initiates were in most cases immediately (and in a few cases one to three days) after the operation taken to the traditional initiation
Somali Women in Western Exile: Reassessing Female …
peers if they were circumcised, and their mothers depend upon the hope that they one day can marry Somalis who have grown up in Western countries and have a new view of female …
Care After Circumcision (in children) - Wicha Lab
soaked spot in the diaper or underwear (like women’s menstruation pads), call the hospital at the number listed below . Call us also if you see any of these signs and symptoms a few days …
DHS WORKING PAPERS - Demographic and Health Surveys
at circumcision among circumcised men. At the multivariate level, the paper establishes the independent relationships between circumcision status and age at circumcision, risky sexual …
IMPACT OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ON - statistics.sl
Table 3 shows that almost all women have heard about female circumcision. However, 6.5 percent of non-circumcised women, and 0.2 percent of circumcised women, disclaimed any …
ROUNDTABLE Male Circumcision: Implications for …
circumcision was rare before 1945, was intro-duced in the 1950s and increased dramatically in the 1980s and 90s. Now, greater than 90% ... proportion of women preferring a man to be …
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia - UN Women
UN Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women WHO World Health Organization fatwa Ruling or pronouncement on a point of Islamic law ‘idda The …
Nigeria: Female genital Mutilation - Public Health
before marriage and fidelity during marriage, and increase male sexual pleasure. ... Percentage of Women Circumcised Types of Circumcision Type1 Type2 Type 3 North Central 36.0 9.6 1.2 …
Hemophilia and Circumcision - jewishmedicalethics.com
Tzippori that the first had her son circumcised and he died, the second sister had her son circumcised and he died, the third sister had her son circumcised and he also died, and the …
Post Operative Care for a Teen or Adult Circumcision
4 Before leaving your circumcision provider 4 Travel 5 General anaesthetic or heavy sedation 5 Local anaesthetic (with or without light sedation) ... three things after you have been …
Healing and Resumption of Sex after Male Circumcision - FHI …
at least 42 days after they are circumcised to allow for complete healing. Resuming sex before the circumcision wound has healed could temporarily ... Factors associated with resumption of sex …
The Sound of Silence: The 1929-30 Gikuyu 'Female …
quo; and white women, depicted most often as benevolent and devout missionaries. More than half a century after the end of formal colonialism, a similar set of elite actors can be observed …
Healing and Resumption of Sex after Male Circumcision - FHI …
at least 42 days after they are circumcised to allow for complete healing. Resuming sex before the circumcision wound has healed could temporarily ... Factors associated with resumption of sex …
Pogsara Yia! P - pdf.usaid.gov
circumcised are more likely to be heard.1 Before marriage. The social pressure that mothers, women of extended families, and peers exert is both apparent and powerful. Discussions …
TRADITIONAL MALE CIRCUMCISION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE
The majority of males in East and Southern Africa are circumcised between the ages of 12 and 22 years, whereas those in West Africa are generally circumcised much earlier. ... Community …
Circumcision in childhood and male sexual function: a …
4.26±2.91 before and 2.63±1.82 after circumcision. They ... After studying 811 men (367 circumcised as newborns, 107 during childhood, 47 as adults and 290 uncirumised) they …
Female genital mutilation - fgmcri.org
[1-4] Also, circumcised women have been shown to experience more complications in labour.[5] In spite of the ... 29.9% in adolescence, 10.9% before marriage and 4.9% after ma Context: …
COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THE FORESKIN - BAUS
very rare after-effects (occurring in less than 1 in 250 patients) individually. The impact of these after-effects can vary a lot from patient to patient; you should ask your surgeon’s advice about …
womb as oasis: the symbolic context of - JSTOR
the capital city, Khartoum. Before I arrived in the area I was aware that Hofriyati females underwent genital mutilation in childhood, and I had read several descriptions of that ... we find …
Male Circumcision - Spanish
After the circumcision • Your baby will be checked for bleeding for about an hour after the procedure. • Many babies sleep for the first few hours, but try to wake him to feed. • He may …
DHS WORKING PAPERSDHS WORKING PAPERS
the country. The number of women was taken from US Census Bureau midyear estimates (by five-year age groups) for the countries analyzed. Women age 15 - 49 were used because this …
The effect of PLISSIT based counseling model on sexual …
After obtaining informed written consent, the consultation schedules were arranged with them. en, the selected women answered the questionnaires of WHOQOL-BREF, FSDS-R, and FSFI in …
THE DAY I SAW CIRCUMCISED - Orwell Prize
I T W A S E A R LY , before 8am, when we arrived at a school painted hospital green in a Bandung suburb on the day of the ceremony. Women and girls clad in long tunics were lin-ing …
Alaska Native Medical Center: Mother Baby Unit SUPERSEDES …
Mar 13, 2018 · as being less than 37 weeks gestation), the child may be circumcised up to two (2) weeks post-delivery at the discretion of the surgeon and pediatrician. 6.3. Verify infant’s …
East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies - ResearchGate
before and after design that compared baseline and endline evaluation data was used to establish the effectiveness of the model. The study was ... More circumcised women (79.5% end line; …
YOUR GUIDE TO Healthy Pregnancy - Cleveland Clinic
CLEVELAND CLINIC WOMEN’S HEALTH - PREGNANCY 2 Your Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy Dear Parents-to-Be, Thank you for choosing Cleveland Clinic for your obstetrics care and …
I. INTRODUCTION [1] The international community must …
6 surgeries is infibulation, 17 which cuts the clitoris, labia minora and often the entire medial part of the labia majora. 18 [9] In rural African areas, female circumcision is traditionally performed …
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: A RITE OF PASSAGE OR A …
5 The survey noted that 86% of circumcised women in this age bracket were circumcised before they attained age 5 while 5% passed through the procedure of FGM at age 15 or older. See …
Book Reviews ♦ 1 49 Why Aren't Jewish Women Circumcised …
Why Aren't Jewish Women Circumcised? Gender and Covenant in Juda-ism, by Shaye J* D. Cohen. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005» 317 pp. $39.95. No, Jewish women …
FAQs Vaginoplasty (Frequently Asked Questions) - Te Whatu …
If I am circumcised, is this a problem? • No, however having previously had circumcision does mean more skin ... • Avoid consuming any alcohol for two weeks before and after surgery. …
A preliminary poll of men circumcised in infancy or childhood
cumcising most of its boys for no therapeutic or religious in circumcised women [11]. If, after excision of the male reason is the USA. The current national average circum- prepuce its …
DHS COMPARATIVE REPORTS 33
Acknowledgments The authors would like to warmly thank our colleagues from ICF International who reviewed the document and made numerous helpful comments: Sunita Kishor, Erica …
UNC DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
your baby circumcised before he goes home from the hospital. Here are the steps you MUST take if you want a circumcision done on your son while he is still in the hospital: o Check with the …
STUDYING THE BOOK OF ROMANS - Discipleship Evangelism
It was before he was circumcised, not after. 11It was later that he was circumcised. This was a seal, as it were, an outward indication of the right standing he already had, because he …
Female Genital Mutilation and Age at Marriage: Risk Factors …
– 14 years of age – when the practice traditionally occurs – were associated with higher odds of IPV. Among women aged 29 and younger, women circumcised under the age of 10 and also …
Foreskin restorers: insights into motivations, successes, …
circumcised males experience acute circumcision-related distress; some attempt to regain a sense of bodily integrity through non-surgical foreskin restoration. Their concerns are often …
Reflections on Female Circumcision Discourse in Hargeysa,
female circumcision is carried out on a Circumcised women who have been strongly ... around the practice before we turn to the 'gudninp haraoni 'gudnin sunna ' and 'halalays ' background for …
Have we made progress in Somalia after 30 years of …
against women [8]. The gravity of the health complica-tions of FC vary according to type, but even in its mildest form, it constitutes an unacceptable health risk/damage and violation of human …
Circumcision After-Care for the Plastibell Method
May 21, 2013 · It’s possible that your son may be fussy for a few hours after the procedure. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may help, but if you need to give this more than twice, please call us. …
