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# Chapter 5 Infection Control: A Comprehensive Guide
Infection control is paramount in any healthcare setting, and understanding its principles is crucial for maintaining a safe environment for both patients and healthcare workers. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the critical aspects of infection control, specifically addressing the key concepts often covered in a "Chapter 5" of many healthcare textbooks and training manuals. We’ll explore the chain of infection, various modes of transmission, standard precautions, and specific isolation techniques, equipping you with the knowledge necessary to prevent and control the spread of infections.
Understanding the Chain of Infection: Breaking the Cycle
Before delving into specific control measures, it's vital to grasp the chain of infection. This chain comprises six crucial links:
1. Infectious Agent: The Source of the Problem
This refers to the pathogen – bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites – causing the infection. Understanding the specific agent allows for targeted interventions. Different pathogens require different control methods.
2. Reservoir: Where the Pathogen Lives
The reservoir is the location where the infectious agent resides and multiplies. This could be a human (infected individual), an animal, or even an inanimate object like contaminated equipment. Identifying the reservoir is essential to prevent further spread.
3. Portal of Exit: Escaping the Reservoir
This is the pathway by which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Common portals of exit include bodily fluids (blood, urine, saliva, etc.), respiratory secretions, and open wounds. Proper hygiene practices and waste disposal are critical here.
4. Mode of Transmission: The Journey of Infection
This link describes how the infectious agent travels from the reservoir to a susceptible host. Common modes of transmission include:
Contact Transmission: Direct contact (person-to-person) or indirect contact (through contaminated objects).
Droplet Transmission: Spread through respiratory droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking.
Airborne Transmission: Spread through smaller particles that remain suspended in the air for longer periods.
Vehicle Transmission: Transmission through contaminated food, water, or medical equipment.
Vector Transmission: Transmission through insects or other animals.
5. Portal of Entry: Gaining Access to the Host
This is how the infectious agent enters a new host. Portals of entry often mirror portals of exit, including mucous membranes, broken skin, and respiratory tracts. Maintaining intact skin and practicing proper hygiene prevents this stage.
6. Susceptible Host: The Vulnerable Individual
A susceptible host is an individual at risk of infection due to weakened immune systems, pre-existing conditions, or lack of immunity. Strengthening the host's defenses through vaccination and proper nutrition is vital in infection prevention.
Standard Precautions: The Foundation of Infection Control
Standard precautions are the foundation of infection control practices and should be applied to all patients, regardless of their infection status. These precautions include:
Hand Hygiene: The Cornerstone of Prevention
Frequent and thorough hand hygiene using soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub is crucial in preventing the spread of infection. Proper handwashing technique should be strictly followed.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Shielding Against Infection
PPE, including gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection, and face shields, should be used appropriately depending on the potential exposure to infectious agents. Knowing when and how to use PPE correctly is essential.
Safe Injection Practices: Preventing Bloodborne Infections
Safe injection practices, including using sterile needles and syringes, are critical to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens like Hepatitis B and HIV. Proper disposal of sharps is also vital.
Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette: Containing Respiratory Secretions
Covering coughs and sneezes with tissues or the elbow, and proper disposal of used tissues, helps prevent the spread of respiratory infections.
Isolation Precautions: Managing Specific Infections
Beyond standard precautions, isolation precautions are implemented for patients with known or suspected infections that can be transmitted through specific routes. These include:
Contact Precautions: Blocking Direct Contact
Used for infections spread by direct or indirect contact, contact precautions involve using gloves and gowns.
Droplet Precautions: Preventing Droplet Spread
Used for infections spread through respiratory droplets, droplet precautions involve using a mask.
Airborne Precautions: Containing Airborne Pathogens
Used for infections spread through airborne particles, airborne precautions involve using a respirator (N95 mask) and placing the patient in a negative pressure room.
Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection: Maintaining a Safe Environment
Regular cleaning and disinfection of the environment are crucial in reducing the reservoir of infectious agents. Proper cleaning protocols and the use of appropriate disinfectants are essential.
Conclusion
Effective infection control is a multifaceted process that requires a thorough understanding of the chain of infection, the implementation of standard precautions, and the appropriate use of isolation precautions. By adhering to these principles, healthcare settings can significantly reduce the risk of infection transmission, safeguarding the well-being of both patients and healthcare workers. Continuous education and training are paramount in maintaining high standards of infection control.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection? Sterilization eliminates all forms of microbial life, while disinfection reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level.
2. How often should hand hygiene be performed? Hand hygiene should be performed before and after patient contact, before and after performing a procedure, and after contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.
3. What type of PPE is required for airborne precautions? Airborne precautions typically require the use of an N95 respirator mask, along with other appropriate PPE depending on the situation.
4. How are sharps disposed of properly? Sharps should be disposed of immediately after use in puncture-resistant containers.
5. What is the role of surveillance in infection control? Infection surveillance involves the systematic monitoring of infections to identify trends, outbreaks, and areas for improvement in infection control practices.
| chapter 5 infection control: Patient Safety and Quality Ronda Hughes, 2008 Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043). - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/ |
| chapter 5 infection control: Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), 2011 These guidelines provide recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control. The recommendations were developed using the best available evidence and consensus methods by the Infection Control Steering Committee. They have been prioritised as key areas to prevent and control infection in a healthcare facility. It is recognised that the level of risk may differ according to the different types of facility and therefore some recommendations should be justified by risk assessment. When implementing these recommendations all healthcare facilities need to consider the risk of transmission of infection and implement according to their specific setting and circumstances. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Biosafety in the Laboratory Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, Committee on Hazardous Biological Substances in the Laboratory,National Research Council, 1989-01-01 Biosafety in the Laboratory is a concise set of practical guidelines for handling and disposing of biohazardous material. The consensus of top experts in laboratory safety, this volume provides the information needed for immediate improvement of safety practices. It discusses high- and low-risk biological agents (including the highest-risk materials handled in labs today), presents the seven basic rules of biosafety, addresses special issues such as the shipping of dangerous materials, covers waste disposal in detail, offers a checklist for administering laboratory safetyâ€and more. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Veterinary Infection Prevention and Control Linda Caveney, Barbara Jones, Kimberly Ellis, 2011-08-17 Veterinary Infection Prevention and Control is a practical guide to infection surveillance and control in the veterinary setting. Outlining the steps for designing and implementing an infection control plan, the book offers information on both nosocomial infections and zoonotic diseases to aid the veterinary team in ensuring that veterinary practices and hospitals are safe for both the animal patients and their human caregivers. Veterinary Infection Prevention and Control provides guidelines to creating standard operating procedures for effective and efficient infection control in any veterinary practice. With background information on pathogens, bacteria, and disease transmission, the book focuses on specific infection prevention strategies, including disinfection, sterilization, and isolation. A companion website provides review questions and the figures from the book in PowerPoint. Veterinary Infection Prevention and Control gives practicing veterinarians, technicians, and practice managers in both small and large animal facilities the tools they need to successfully develop an infection-control program. |
| chapter 5 infection control: APIC Text of Infection Control and Epidemiology Apic, Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, 2014-06-01 |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Prevention Gonzalo Bearman, Silvia Munoz-Price, Daniel J. Morgan, Rekha K. Murthy, 2017-09-07 This book reviews evolving areas in infection prevention on topics including contact precautions, technology implementation, specific infections, and care in various settings. The book summarizes the current data oninfection prevention, presents controversies on the various topics, and includes recommendations for patient safety. Addressing hot topics such as MRSA, C. difficile vaccination, mandatory flu vaccines, and CLABSI, this is the only text to include prevention and control overviews across a range of infection issues. Written by experts in thefield, this book contains 32 chapters that educates and presents the most cutting-edge models of care on emerging and evolving topics in infectious diseases. Infection Prevention: New Perspectives and Controversies is a valuable resource for infection prevention professionals, healthcare quality and safety professionals, caring for patients in in- and outpatient settings. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Prevention and Control Debbie Weston, 2008-04-30 This book provides the reader with all of the background information necessary to enhance their understanding of the rationale behind the basic principles of infection control and how to apply them in every day situations; how specific bacteria interact with the host and cause infection; the background to each of the bacteria/infections described within the text, and, evidence based recommendations on the infection control management of these. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Milady Standard Esthetics Milady, 2012-02-24 MILADY STANDARD ESTHETICS FUNDAMENTALS, 11E International Edition is the essential source for basic esthetics training. This new edition builds upon Milady's strong tradition of providing students and instructors with the best beauty and wellness education tools for their future.The rapidly expanding field of esthetics has taken a dramatic leap forward in the past decade, and this up-to-date text plays a critical role in creating a strong foundation for the esthetics student. Focusing on introductory topics, including history and opportunities in skin care, anatomy and physiology, and infection control and disorders, it lays the groundwork for the future professional to build their knowledge.The reader can then explore the practical skills of a skin care professional, introducing them to the treatment environment, basic facial treatments, hair removal, and the technology likely to be performed in the salon or spa setting. |
| chapter 5 infection control: CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 2017-04-17 THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Essentials of Hospital Infection Control S Apruba Sastry, R Deepashree, 2019-02-08 1. Introduction to Healthcare-associated Infections 2. Structural Organization of an Infection Control Program 3. Major Healthcare-associated Infection Types 4. Surveillance of Healthcare-associated Infections 5. Standard Precautions-I: Hand Hygiene 6. Standard Precautions-II: Personal Protective Equipment 7. Transmission-based Precautions 8. Infection Control in Special Situations 9. Disinfection Policy 10. Central Sterile Supply Department 11. Environmental Surveillance 12. Screening for Multidrug-resistant Organisms 13. Infection Control in Laundry 14. Infection Control in Kitchen and Food Safety 15. Waste Management in Healthcare Facility 16. Staff Health Issues-I: Needle Stick Injury Management 17. Staff Health Issues-II: Work Restriction and Vaccination 18. Outbreak Investigation 19. Antimicrobial Stewardship 20. Infection Control Requirements for Accreditation Index |
| chapter 5 infection control: SARS, MERS and other Viral Lung Infections David S. Hui, Giovanni A. Rossi, Sebastian L. Johnston, 2016-06-01 Viral respiratory tract infections are important and common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past two decades, several novel viral respiratory infections have emerged with epidemic potential that threaten global health security. This Monograph aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and other viral respiratory infections, including seasonal influenza, avian influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus, through six chapters written by authoritative experts from around the globe. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Milady's Standard Cosmetology Milady, 2002-09-09 Congratulations! You are about to start on a journey that can take you in many directions and holds the potential to make you a confident, successful professional in cosmetology. As a cosmetologist, you will become a trusted professional, the person your clients rely on to provide them with ongoing service, enabling them to look and feel their best. You will become as personally involved in your clients' lives as their physicians or dentists are, and with study and practice, you can be as much in demand as a well-regarded medical provider. - Preface. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals Julia S. Garner, 1983 |
| chapter 5 infection control: Manual of Infection Control Procedures N. N. Damani, 2003 Provides a comprehensive overview of the main aspects of infection control, and gives practical, evidence-based recommendations. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Control in Primary Dental Care Martin R. Fulford, Nikolai R. Stankiewicz, 2019-07-04 This book is an easy-to-use guide to all aspects of infection control and decontamination that will support the implementation of effective measures for risk reduction in dental practice. Among the topics addressed are the principles and practicalities of cleaning and sterilizing dental instruments, the role of personal protective equipment, the design and use of decontamination rooms, choice of dental equipment, environmental disinfection, and considerations relating to dental unit water lines. In addition, readers will find an informative and helpful section on the background history and basic science of infection control within dentistry. Infection Control in Primary Dental Care will be very useful for all members of the dental team, including dentists, dental nurses or assistants, dental hygienists, and therapists. The book is illustrated with photographs, diagrams, and tables to aid understanding and encourage good practice. The authors have a background in microbiology and dental practice and have extensive experience of providing advice and guidance to professional colleagues on infection control procedures. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Practical Healthcare Epidemiology Ebbing Lautenbach, Preeti N. Malani, Keith F. Woeltje, Jennifer H. Han, Emily K. Shuman, Jonas Marschall, 2018-04-19 A clear, hands-on outline of best practices for infection prevention that directly improve patient outcomes across the healthcare continuum. |
| chapter 5 infection control: WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care World Health Organization, 2009 The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care provide health-care workers (HCWs), hospital administrators and health authorities with a thorough review of evidence on hand hygiene in health care and specific recommendations to improve practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and HCWs. The present Guidelines are intended to be implemented in any situation in which health care is delivered either to a patient or to a specific group in a population. Therefore, this concept applies to all settings where health care is permanently or occasionally performed, such as home care by birth attendants. Definitions of health-care settings are proposed in Appendix 1. These Guidelines and the associated WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy and an Implementation Toolkit (http://www.who.int/gpsc/en/) are designed to offer health-care facilities in Member States a conceptual framework and practical tools for the application of recommendations in practice at the bedside. While ensuring consistency with the Guidelines recommendations, individual adaptation according to local regulations, settings, needs, and resources is desirable. This extensive review includes in one document sufficient technical information to support training materials and help plan implementation strategies. The document comprises six parts. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Closing the Quality Gap Kaveh G. Shojania, 2004 |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Luke S. P. Moore, James C. Hatcher, 2019-12-05 A key resource for FRCPath and MRCP trainees, mapped to the current curriculum, using over 300 exam-style Q&A. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Sepsis Management in Resource-limited Settings Arjen M. Dondorp, Martin W. Dünser, Marcus J. Schultz, 2019-02-08 This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It constitutes a unique source of knowledge and guidance for all healthcare workers who care for patients with sepsis and septic shock in resource-limited settings. More than eighty percent of the worldwide deaths related to sepsis occur in resource-limited settings in low and middle-income countries. Current international sepsis guidelines cannot be implemented without adaptations towards these settings, mainly because of the difference in local resources and a different spectrum of infectious diseases causing sepsis. This prompted members of the Global Intensive Care working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU, Bangkok, Thailand) - among which the Editors – to develop with an international group of experts a comprehensive set of recommendations for the management of sepsis in resource-limited settings. Recommendations are based on both current scientific evidence and clinical experience of clinicians working in resource-limited settings. The book includes an overview chapter outlining the current challenges and future directions of sepsis management as well as general recommendations on the structure and organization of intensive care services in resource-limited settings. Specific recommendations on the recognition and management of patients with sepsis and septic shock in these settings are grouped into seven chapters. The book provides evidence-based practical guidance for doctors in low and middle income countries treating patients with sepsis, and highlights areas for further research and discussion. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives Elisabeth Presterl, Magda Diab-El Schahawi, Jacqui S. Reilly, 2018-12-26 This book provides an evidence-based, practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the most frequent fungal infections in a general hospital. It offers a comprehensive overview of the basic medical and scientific background of fungal infections and carefully explains and discusses epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation. Readers will acquire a good and clear perception of invasive fungal infections, including diagnosis and treatment. This user-friendly resource not only serves as a valuable tool in clinical management, but also provides the basis for further research questions and studies in this particular field. It will be a useful companion for midwives as well as for doctors, medical and pharmacy students, nurses and other healthcare professionals. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases Jane E. Sykes, 2013-08-09 Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases is a practical, up-to-date resource covering the most important and cutting-edge advances in the field. Presented by a seasoned educator in a concise, highly visual format, this innovative guide keeps you current with the latest advances in this ever-changing field. 80 case studies illustrate the clinical relevance of the major infectious disease chapters. - Well-organized Major Infectious Diseases chapters break down content by etiologic agent and epidemiology, clinical signs and their pathophysiology, physical examination findings, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, immunity, prevention, and public health implications. - Over 80 case studies illustrate how the information provided can be applied in everyday practice. - Logical approach to laboratory diagnosis guides you through all the steps needed to accurately diagnose and treat viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and algal diseases. - Practical protocols provided by expert clinicians guide you in the management of canine and feline patients suspected to have infectious diseases, including handling, disinfection, isolation, and vaccination protocols. - Over 500 full color images – geographic distribution maps, life cycle drawings, and hundreds of color photographs – visually illustrate and clarify complex issues. - Easy-to-understand tables and boxes make content quickly accessible, eliminating the need to sort through dense text for critical information in the clinical setting. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Biofilms in Infection Prevention and Control Steven L. Percival, David Williams, Tracey Cooper, Jacqueline Randle, 2014-01-30 Biofilms in Infection and Disease Control: A Healthcare Handbook outlines the scientific evidence and rationale for the prevention of infection, the role biofilms play in infection control, and the issues concerning their resistance to antimicrobials. This book provides practical guidance for healthcare and infection control professionals, as well as students, for preventing and controlling infection. Biofilms are the most common mode of bacterial growth in nature. Highly resistant to antibiotics and antimicrobials, biofilms are the source of more than 65 percent of health care associated infections (HCAI), which, according to the WHO, affect 1.4 million people annually. Biofilms are involved in 80 percent of all microbial infections in the body, including those associated with medical devices such as catheters, endotracheal tubes, joint prostheses, and heart valves. Biofilms are also the principle causes of infections of the middle-ear, dental caries, gingivitis, prostatitis and cystic fibrosis. Importantly, biofilms also significantly delay wound healing and reduce antimicrobial efficiency in at-risk or infected skin wounds. - Provides specific procedures for controlling and preventing infection - Includes case studies of HCAI, and identifies appropriate treatments - Presents national government standards for infection prevention and control - Includes extensive references and links to websites for further information |
| chapter 5 infection control: Fundamentals of Infection Prevention and Control Debbie Weston, 2013-07-03 Reviews of first edition: “This book tells every healthcare professional all they need to know about infection control... A user-friendly, valuable source of knowledge on a subject that can be confusing and complicated.” Nursing Standard “A valuable contribution within any health or social environment. Journal of Community Nursing Infection prevention and control is an essential component of nursing care, and a crucially important subject area for both nursing students and qualified nurses. Fundamentals of Infection Prevention and Control gives readers a firm grasp of the principles of infection control, how they relate to clinical practice and the key issues surrounding the subject. It provides a comprehensive guide to the prevention, management and control of healthcare associated infections, and the basic elements of microbiology, immunology and epidemiology that underpin them. Thoroughly revised in line with current policy, this new edition contains brand-new chapters on a range of topics including the role of the Infection Prevention and Control Team, audit and surveillance, and the management of outbreaks. Also incorporating a range of case studies and examples as well as additional online content, it is essential reading for all nursing students as well as qualified nursing and healthcare professionals. Explores both principles and practice of a crucial subject area Accessible and user-friendly, with a range of features to help study including key definitions, links back to clinical practice, and chapter learning outcomes and summaries Accompanied by an online resource centre featuring MCQs, weblinks, case scenarios and downloadable fact sheets Features an increased clinical focus, with more application to practice This title is also available: as a Wiley E-Text, powered by VitalSource: an interactive digital version of the book featuring downloadable text and images, highlighting and note-taking facilities, book-marking, cross-referencing, in-text searching, and linking to references and glossary terms instantly on CourseSmart at www.coursesmart.co.uk/9781118306659. CourseSmart offers extra functionality, as well as an immediate way to review the text. For more details, visit www.coursesmart.com/instructors or www.coursesmart.com/students |
| chapter 5 infection control: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| chapter 5 infection control: Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals Bjørg Marit Andersen, 2019-02-25 This volume offers extensive information on preventive and infection surveillance procedures, routines and policies adapted to the optimal infection control level needed to tackle today’s microbes in hospital practice. It especially focuses on preventive measures for serious hospital infections. Each chapter includes a practical section that addresses the main aspects of procedures and treatment, and a theoretical section that contains updated documentation that can be used for further study, or to help select infection control measures. Infection control concerns all healthcare professional working directly or indirectly with patients; in diagnosis, treatment, isolation measures, operations, equipment, drugs, cleaning, textiles, transport, porter service, food and water, building and maintenance, etc. Hygiene and environmental control is central to infection prevention for patients, visitors and staff alike. Good hygienic practices, individual infection control, well implemented and frequent environmental cleaning, and a high professional standard of hygiene in the treatment and care of patients, are essential to patient safety and a safe working environment. Addressing this essential topic, this book is intended for doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers, students in health-related subjects, hospital managers and health bureaucrats, as well as patients and their families. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Prevention and Control Dinah Gould, Christine Brooker, 2017-09-16 This is the updated version of the hugely popular Applied Microbiology for Nurses, providing essential information about how infection occurs, methods to prevent it and the precautions required to contain it. The new edition is fully revised to include primary infection control issues alongside important concepts of applied microbiology. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Health Protection Samuel Ghebrehewet, Alex G. Stewart, 2016 Health Protection: Principles and practice is a practical guide for practitioners working at all levels in public health and health protection, including those with a non-specialist background. It is the first textbook in health protection to address all three domains within the field (communicable disease control; emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR); and environmental public health) in a comprehensive and integrated manner. Written by leading practitioners in the field, the book is rooted in a practice-led, all-hazards approach, which allows for easy real-world application of the topics discussed. The chapters are arranged in six sections, which begin with an in-depth introduction to the principles of health protection and go on to illuminate the three key elements of the field by providing: case studies and scenarios to describe common and important issues in the practice of health protection; health protection tools, which span epidemiology and statistics, infection control, immunisation, disease surveillance, and audit and service improvement; and evidence about new and emerging health protection issues. It includes more than 100 health protection checklists (SIMCARDs), covering infections from anthrax to yellow fever, non-infectious diseases emergencies and environmental hazards. Written from first-hand experience of managing communicable diseases these provide practical, stand-alone quick reference guides for in-practice use. Both the topical content of Health Protection: Principles and practice, and the clearly described health protection principles the book provides, makes it a highly relevant resource for wider public health and health protection professionals in this continually evolving field. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Mayhall’s Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention David Weber, Tom Talbot, 2020-10-27 The fifth edition of Mayhall’s Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention has a new streamlined focus, with new editors and contributors, a new two-color format, and a new title. Continuing the legacy of excellence established by Dr. C. Glen Mayhall, this thoroughly revised text covers all aspects of healthcare-associated infections and their prevention and remains the most comprehensive reference available in this complex field. It examines every type of healthcare-associated (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare personnel, providing unparalleled coverage for hospital epidemiologists and infectious disease specialists. |
| chapter 5 infection control: A Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital Richard Putnam Wenzel, Timothy F. Brewer, Jean-Paul Butzler, 2002 Infections, especially those occurring postoperatively, remain a major problem in hospitals. This handy pocket-sized manual provides guidelines and protocols for preventing infections, and managing them if they occur. It covers various types of infection, and is suitable for members of infection control teams. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Milady's Standard Nail Technology [With Workbook] Milady Publishing Company, Schultes, 2002-08-01 |
| chapter 5 infection control: Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management Liam Donaldson, Walter Ricciardi, Susan Sheridan, Riccardo Tartaglia, 2020-12-14 Implementing safety practices in healthcare saves lives and improves the quality of care: it is therefore vital to apply good clinical practices, such as the WHO surgical checklist, to adopt the most appropriate measures for the prevention of assistance-related risks, and to identify the potential ones using tools such as reporting & learning systems. The culture of safety in the care environment and of human factors influencing it should be developed from the beginning of medical studies and in the first years of professional practice, in order to have the maximum impact on clinicians' and nurses' behavior. Medical errors tend to vary with the level of proficiency and experience, and this must be taken into account in adverse events prevention. Human factors assume a decisive importance in resilient organizations, and an understanding of risk control and containment is fundamental for all medical and surgical specialties. This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Control in the Dental Office Louis G. DePaola, Leslie E. Grant, 2019-11-17 This book reviews the principles of infection control and the guidelines and standards of care in multiple countries, discussing them within the context of the practice of dentistry. The aim is to enable dental practitioners to ensure that the appropriate measures are adopted for each patient contact, thereby minimizing the risk of transmission of infection – a goal that is becoming ever more important given the threats posed by new or re-emerging infectious diseases and drug-resistant infections. Readers will find information and guidance on all aspects of infection control within the dental office: hand and respiratory hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and safe injection practices, management of occupational exposures, maintenance of dental unit water quality, surface disinfection, and the cleaning and sterilization of dental instruments. Infection Control in the Dental Office will be an invaluable asset for all dental practitioners, including dentists, dental specialists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Janeway's Immunobiology Kenneth Murphy, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Peter Walter, 2010-06-22 The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Maddie's Infection Control Manual for Animal Shelters Center for Food Security and Public Health, 2008 |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Prevention and Control at a Glance Debbie Weston, Alison Burgess, Sue Roberts, 2016-11-30 Infection Prevention and Control at a Glance is the perfect companion for study and revision for pre-registration nursing and healthcare students, as well as qualified nurses and medical students. Infection prevention and control is one of the key five ‘essential skills clusters’ that is incorporated into all pre-registration nursing programmes. This highly visual and dynamic book is a thorough resource for nurses wanting to consolidate and expand their knowledge of this important part of nursing. Written by experienced infection prevention and control specialist nurses, it provides a concise and simple approach to a vast and complex subject, and equips the reader with key information in relation to various aspects of infection prevention and control practice. Provides a snap-shot of the application of infection prevention and control in practice and the key infections affecting patients in both acute and primary care A uniquely visual and accessible overview of a topic of relevance to all nursing staff Includes key points for clinical practice, patient management, and signposting of key national guidance documents and websites Available in a wide-range of digital formats - perfect for 'on the go' study and revision |
| chapter 5 infection control: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) King K. Holmes, Stefano Bertozzi, Barry R. Bloom, Prabhat Jha, 2017-11-06 Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit Hendrick K.F. van Saene, Luciano Silvestri, Miguel A. de la Cal, Antonino Gullo, 2009-11-02 Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract [SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added. The volume will be an invaluable tool for all those requiring in depth knowledge in the ever expanding field of infection control. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control C. Glen Mayhall, 2012-02-20 Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, this highly acclaimed volume is the most comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. |
| chapter 5 infection control: Infection Control in Home Care and Hospice Emily Rhinehart, 2006 An official publication of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (APIC), the highly successful Infection Control in Home Care and Hospice helps home care providers assess the infection control needs of their organization, and develop home care infection and surveillance programs. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated and revised with the latest CDC Guidelines on infection control in home care, including Hand Hygiene, Prevention of IV-related Infections, and the 2004 Isolation Guideline. |
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