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The Intricate World of the Cattle Muscular System
Understanding the cattle muscular system is crucial for anyone involved in livestock production, veterinary medicine, or simply appreciating the bovine anatomy. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the intricate network of muscles that allows cattle to graze, move, and perform vital bodily functions. We’ll explore the key muscle groups, their functions, and how their structure contributes to the overall health and productivity of these magnificent animals. Prepare to gain a new appreciation for the powerful engine that drives a cow!
Major Muscle Groups of Cattle
Cattle, like all mammals, possess a complex musculature. We can broadly categorize these muscles based on their location and function:
1. Muscles of Locomotion:
These are the large, powerful muscles responsible for movement. They include:
Limb Muscles: The muscles of the legs (forelimbs and hindlimbs) are crucial for walking, running, and standing. The powerful muscles of the thigh (e.g., quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris) and the shoulder (e.g., supraspinatus, infraspinatus) are particularly significant. These muscles contribute significantly to the carcass yield in cattle destined for meat production. Understanding their development and growth is vital for optimizing meat quality.
Trunk Muscles: The muscles of the back (e.g., longissimus dorsi, psoas major) are responsible for supporting the weight of the body and enabling movement. The longissimus dorsi, a significant muscle running along the spine, is a key indicator of meat quality and carcass value. Its size and marbling directly impact the tenderness and flavor of the beef.
2. Muscles of Respiration:
Efficient respiration is essential for survival. Key muscles involved include:
Diaphragm: This dome-shaped muscle separates the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities. Its contraction and relaxation are vital for breathing. Understanding its function is key to recognizing respiratory issues in cattle.
Intercostal Muscles: Located between the ribs, these muscles aid in expanding and contracting the chest cavity during breathing. Their health is crucial for maintaining efficient oxygen intake.
3. Muscles of Digestion:
The digestive system relies heavily on muscular contractions to move food through the alimentary canal. Key muscles here include:
Esophageal Muscles: These muscles propel food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic contractions.
Stomach Muscles: The stomach employs strong muscular contractions to churn and mix food with digestive juices.
Intestinal Muscles: Peristalsis in the intestines moves digested food along for absorption.
4. Muscles of the Head and Neck:
These muscles control facial expressions, chewing, and head movements. Significant muscles include:
Masseter Muscle: This powerful jaw muscle is essential for chewing.
Temporalis Muscle: Another important chewing muscle.
Neck Muscles: These muscles support the head and allow for a wide range of movement.
Factors Affecting Cattle Muscle Development
Several factors influence the development and size of cattle muscles:
Genetics: Breed plays a critical role in muscle development. Some breeds are naturally predisposed to greater muscle mass than others.
Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in protein and essential nutrients is crucial for optimal muscle growth. Nutrient deficiencies can lead to stunted muscle development.
Exercise: While cattle don't engage in rigorous exercise like athletes, their daily activities, such as grazing and walking, contribute to muscle development and tone.
Hormones: Growth hormone and other hormones play a significant role in regulating muscle growth and development.
The Importance of Understanding Cattle Musculature
A thorough understanding of the cattle muscular system has several practical applications:
Livestock Production: Breed selection, feeding strategies, and overall animal management practices can be optimized to enhance muscle growth and improve meat quality.
Veterinary Medicine: Diagnosing and treating muscular disorders and injuries requires a detailed knowledge of bovine musculature.
Meat Science: Understanding muscle structure and composition is essential for optimizing meat processing and ensuring high-quality products.
Conclusion
The cattle muscular system is a marvel of biological engineering, a complex and interconnected network responsible for all aspects of bovine movement, digestion, and respiration. By understanding its intricacies, we can significantly improve animal welfare, optimize livestock production, and advance our knowledge of comparative anatomy. Further research and exploration in this field continue to reveal new insights into this fascinating system.
FAQs
1. What are the most common muscular disorders in cattle? Common disorders include muscular dystrophy, white muscle disease, and injuries from trauma.
2. How does the cattle muscular system differ from that of other mammals? While the general principles are similar, specific muscle sizes and proportions vary significantly based on species-specific locomotion and dietary needs.
3. Can muscle mass in cattle be increased through selective breeding? Yes, selective breeding programs focused on muscle growth and carcass yield have significantly improved meat production efficiency in various cattle breeds.
4. What role does nutrition play in preventing muscular problems in cattle? Proper nutrition is crucial. Deficiencies in selenium, vitamin E, and other essential nutrients can lead to conditions like white muscle disease.
5. How can I learn more about bovine anatomy and physiology? Numerous textbooks, online resources, and university courses offer detailed information on bovine anatomy and physiology.
| cattle muscular system: Designing Foods National Research Council, Board on Agriculture, Committee on Technological Options to Improve the Nutritional Attributes of Animal Products, 1988-02-01 This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients. |
| cattle muscular system: Muscle Development of Livestock Animals M. F. W. te Pas, M. E. Everts, H. P. Haagsman, 2004-01-01 Number and size of muscle fibres in relation to meat production. Fibre type identification and functional characterization in adult livestock animals. Manipulation of muscle fibre number during prenatal development. The effect of growth and exercise on muscle characteristics in relation to meat quality. Nutrition, hormone receptor expression and gene interactions: implications for development and disease. The impact of minerals and micronutrients on growth control. Na+ K+-ATPase in skeletal muscle: significance of exercise and thyroid hormones for development and performance. local and ystemic regulation of muscle growth. Proteolytic systems and the regulation of muscle remodelling and breakdown. Themuscle regulatory factors gene family in relation to meat production.The muscle transcriptome. Genome analysis of QTL for muscle tissue development and meat quality. Functional genomics and proteomics in relation to muscle tissue. Role of myostatin in muscle growth. The callipyge mutation for sheep muscular hypertrophy genetics, physiology and meat quality. Genetic control of intramuscular fat accretion, Post-mortem muscle proteolysis and meat tenderness.Water-holding capacity of meat. |
| cattle muscular system: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Dietbert Neumann, Benoit Viollet, 2019-03-14 Starting from a kinase of interest, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has gone far beyond an average biomolecule. Being expressed in all mammalian cell types and probably having a counterpart in every eukaryotic cell, AMPK has attracted interest in virtually all areas of biological research. Structural and biophysical insights have greatly contributed to a molecular understanding of this kinase. From good old protein biochemistry to modern approaches, such as systems biology and advanced microscopy, all disciplines have provided important information. Thus, multiple links to cellular events and subcellular localizations have been established. Moreover, the crucial involvement of AMPK in human health and disease has been evidenced. AMPK accordingly has moved from an interesting enzyme to a pharmacological target. However, despite our extensive current knowledge about AMPK, the growing community is busier than ever. This book provides a snapshot of recent and current AMPK research with an emphasis on work providing molecular insight, including but not limited to novel physiological and pathological functions, or regulatory mechanisms. Up-to-date reviews and research articles are included. |
| cattle muscular system: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| cattle muscular system: Cattle William Youatt, William Charles Linnaeus Martin, 1852 |
| cattle muscular system: Cattle Problems Explained J. W. Clarke (of Battle Creek, Mich.), 1880 |
| cattle muscular system: Special Report of Diseases of Cattle and on Cattle Feeding D. E. Salmon, 1892 |
| cattle muscular system: Special Report on Diseases of Cattle and on Cattle Feeding United States. Bureau of Animal Industry, 1896 |
| cattle muscular system: Muscle Hypertrophy of Genetic Origin and its use to Improve Beef Production J.W. King, F. Ménissier, 2012-12-06 This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar held in Toulouse, France, on 10th, 11th and 12th June 1980, under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General for Agriculture, Division for the Coordination of Agricultural Research, as part of a programme of research on beef production. The seminar was intended to bring together available experience on the utilisation of hereditary muscular hypertrophy for meat production in the member states of the European Communities. Although the phenomenon of double muscling has been exploited in various countries, particularly France, Italy and Belgium, different breeds are used and different methods of exploitation employed. An attempt was therefore made to bring together the collective experience of participants. Contributions ranged from those on the inheritance of muscular hypertrophy to alternative production systems and from fundamental studies of muscle growth to practical ways of selling the additional musrile found in animals with muscular hypertrophy. The collection of assembled papers and discussions thus represents one of the most extensive reviews of the subject that has been attempted. |
| cattle muscular system: Special Report on Diseases of Cattle United States. Bureau of Animal Industry, 1912 |
| cattle muscular system: Cattle George Armatage, 1842 |
| cattle muscular system: Bovine Anatomy Klaus-Dieter Budras, Robert E. Habel, 2011-09-05 Die zweite englische Auflage dieses erfolgreichen Lehrbuches ist nun auch nach dem bewährten Konzept der „Budras-Atlanten“ durch namhafte Experten aus der Anatomie und der klinischen Medizin um die klinisch-funktionelle Anatomie erweitert. „This is a much-needed textbook-atlas that depicts bovine anatomy. It is appropriately organized such that it can easily be the single book that veterinarians refer to when an anatomic question needs to be answered about this species. It is most definitely worth the price.” JAVMA – Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
| cattle muscular system: Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Tanmoy Rana, 2024-12-24 Manage the health of cattle at a critical stage with this essential reference Milk is one of the backbones of the global food economy, with its high vitamin content and key contribution to bone health. As a result, dairy farming is one of the most essential sectors of the global agricultural market, and the health of cattle is an issue of global importance. Periparturient diseases, those sustained in the period immediately before, during, and after giving birth, have a potentially devastating impact on the reproductive cycle of cattle, and an understanding of these conditions is a critical aspect of food production. Periparturient Diseases of Cattle offers a comprehensive overview of these diseases, their pathogenesis, and their treatments. Summarizing all of the major periparturient disorders, their etiology, and their management, it is a critical resource for veterinary practitioners and others for whom cattle health is of fundamental importance. As a reference, a diagnostic aid, and a tool in farm management, this volume is indispensable. Periparturient Diseases of Cattle readers will also find: In-depth description of disease advancement Detailed treatment of disorders including metritis, mastitis, ketosis, and many more Color figures and line drawings to illustrate key concepts Periparturient Diseases of Cattle is ideal for student and working veterinarians, academicians, farm managers, industrialists, farm owners, and many more. |
| cattle muscular system: Dadd on the Nature and Treatment of the Diseases of Cattle George H. Dadd, 1859 |
| cattle muscular system: Bovine Pathology Claus D Buergelt, Edward G Clark, Fabio Del Piero, 2018-05-01 Illustrated with over 1000 color images of the highest quality, Bovine Pathology: A Text and Color Atlas is a comprehensive single resource to identifying diseases in dairy cattle, feedlot cattle, and their calves. With summary text describing key features, the book correlates clinical information with pathology and differential diagnoses. The text covers naked-eye macroscopic appearance, through to microscopic pathology, and the immunohistochemistry of infectious agents and tumor markers. Structured by major organ system, the disease entries follow a consistent format and clarity of display. Serving as an essential reference work for veterinary pathologists who perform bovine necropsies, veterinary residents and students, the book is also practical enough for bovine practitioners who need to investigate sudden death losses of cattle on the farm. |
| cattle muscular system: Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and Its Sphincters Ravinder Mittal, 2011 Deglutition or a swallow begins as a voluntary act in the oral cavity but proceeds autonomously in the pharynx and esophagus. Bilateral sequenced activation and inhibition of more than 25 pairs of muscles of mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus is required during a swallow. A single swallow elicits peristalsis in the pharynx and esophagus along with relaxation of upper and lower esophageal sphincters. Multiple swallows, at closely spaced time intervals, demonstrate deglutitive inhibition; sphincters remain relaxed during the entire period, but only the last swallow elicits peristalsis. Laryngeal inlet closure or airway protection is very important during swallow. Upper part of the esophagus that includes upper esophageal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscles, middle esophagus is composed of a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscles, and lower esophagus, including lower esophageal sphincter, is composed of smooth muscles. Peristalsis progresses in seamless fashion, despite separate control mechanism, from the skeletal to smooth muscle esophagus. The esophagus's circular and longitudinal muscle layers contract synchronously during peristalsis. Sphincters maintain continuous tone; neuromuscular mechanisms for tonic closure in the upper and lower esophageal sphincters are different. Lower esophageal sphincter transient relaxation, belching mechanism, regurgitation, vomiting, and reflux are mediated via the brain stem. Table of Contents: Introduction / Central Program Generator and Brain Stem / Pharynx-Anatomy, Neural Innervation, and Motor Pattern / Upper Esophageal Sphincter / Neuromuscular Anatomy of Esophagus and Lower Esophageal Sphincter / Extrinsic Innervation: Parasympathetic and Sympathetic / Interstitial Cells of Cajal / Recording Techniques / Motor Patterns of the Esophagus-Aboral and Oral Transport / Deglutitive Inhibition and Muscle Refractoriness / Peristalsis in the Circular and Longitudinal Muscles of the Esophagus / Neural and Myogenic Mechanism of Peristalsis / Central Mechanism of Peristalsis-Cortical and Brain Stem Control / Peripheral Mechanisms of Peristalsis / Central Versus Peripheral Mechanism of Deglutitive Inhibition / Neural Control of Longitudinal Muscle Contraction / Modulation of Primary and Secondary Peristalsis / Neural Control of Lower Esophageal Sphincter and Crural Diaphragm / Lower Esophageal Sphincter / Swallow-Induced LES Relaxation / Crural Diaphragm Contribution to EGJ and Neural Control / Transient LES Relaxation and Pharmacological Inhibition / Compliance of the EGJ / References |
| cattle muscular system: Beef Cattle Science Handbook , 1981 Vols. for 1964-67 contain papers of the Beef Cattle Science School; 1968-74 papers of the Stockmen's School; 1975-77 papers of the International Stockmen's School. |
| cattle muscular system: Experimental Researches on the Food of Animals, and the Fattening of Cattle Robert Dundas Thomson, 1846 |
| cattle muscular system: Information Resources on the Care and Welfare of Beef Cattle Cynthia Petrie Smith, 2004 One of the main animal welfare concerns in beef cattle production is that of pain and distress. Dehorning, castration, and branding are husbandry procedures which can cause pain and discomfort. Less acute but still distressful are those issues related to the animal environment. Extreme natural conditions can result in cattle that are heat and/or cold stressed. Drought and the resulting overstocking for available feed resources can also reduce body fatness. These are important welfare issues in modern beef production. The following bibliography explores these issues and more and should provide a useful resource for scientists, veterinarians, extension specialists, students, and others. |
| cattle muscular system: The Cow Catrin Rutland, 2021-06-08 A richly illustrated introduction to the science and history of the cow We populate the countryside with cows the world over, and their familiar presence ensures that global demands for milk and beef are met. But with more than a billion cattle on the planet, the importance of cows extends well beyond food production. Cows are venerated by some religions and shunned by others; they provide leather for shoes, clothing, and other uses; and they have long been central to the agricultural way of life, working the fields, pulling carts, and providing fertilizer. The Cow is a comprehensive guide to help us understand these important animals, offering a wealth of information about their anatomy and behaviors, breed varieties, and place in human culture past and present. Exploring the cow’s livestock credentials and beyond, this book combines engaging and informative text, beautiful photographs, and explanatory diagrams to examine the cow's fascinating biology, its hard-wired behaviors, and its relationship with humankind. Provides an in-depth look at the evolution of the cow, its role in agriculture, and the development of breeds Includes chapters on Anatomy & Biology, Society & Behavior, and Cattle & People Features a photographic directory of forty global cattle breeds |
| cattle muscular system: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council, 2000-05-16 As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application. |
| cattle muscular system: Introduction to Animal and Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Edition Victoria Aspinall, Melanie Cappello, 2019-12-11 A sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology is an essential basis for the effective clinical treatment of companion animals and farm animals alike. The fourth edition of this bestselling book continues to provide a comprehensive description of the anatomy and physiology of dogs and cats. The book builds on these foundations with detailed descriptions of exotic small species including birds, and domestic farm animals, including cows, sheep and pigs, as well as the horse. |
| cattle muscular system: Report on the Origin, Propagation, Nature, and Treatment of the Cattle Plague : from Information Received at the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office, from June 1965 Up to March 20th, 1966 ... Great Britain. Veterinary Department, Alexander Williams, 1866 |
| cattle muscular system: Veterinary Medicine Peter D. Constable, Kenneth W Hinchcliff, Stanley H. Done, Walter Gruenberg, 2016-10-25 Treat the diseases affecting large animals! Veterinary Medicine, 11th Edition provides up-to-date information on the diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Comprehensive coverage includes the principles of clinical examination and making a diagnosis, along with specific therapy recommendations. For easier use, this edition has been divided into two volumes and restructured into a logical, anatomically based approach to disease. From internationally known veterinary experts Peter Constable, Kenneth Hinchcliff, Stanley Done, and Walter Grünberg, this book is the definitive, one-stop reference for farm animal and equine care. Comprehensive coverage includes information essential to any large-animal veterinarian, especially those working with horses, cattle, sheep, goats, or pigs. Coverage of diseases addresses major large-animal diseases of all countries, including foreign animal and emerging diseases. User-friendly format makes it easier to quickly absorb key information. Quick review/synopsis sections make important information on complex diseases easy to find. NEW! Convenient, easy-access format is organized by organ systems, and divides the content into two compact volumes with the same authoritative coverage. Nearly 200 new color photographs and line drawings are included in this edition. NEW full-color design improves navigation, clarifies subject headings, and includes more boxes, tables, and charts for faster reference. New Diseases Primarily Affecting the Reproductive System chapter is added. Updated and expanded chapter on pharmacotherapy lists therapeutic interventions and offers treatment boxes and principles of antibiotic use. Expanded sections on herd health include biosecurity and infection control, and valuable Strength of Evidence boxes. NEW or extensively revised sections include topics such as the Schmallenberg and Bluetongue viral epidemics of ruminants in Europe, Wesselbron disease in cattle, hypokalemia in adult cattle, equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis, Hendra virus infection, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, torque teno virus, and numerous recently identified congenital and inherited disorders of large animals. Additional content is provided on lameness in cattle and the diseases of cervids. |
| cattle muscular system: Parliamentary Papers Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, 1846 |
| cattle muscular system: Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock Richard F. Keeler, Kent R. Van Kampen, Lynn F. James, 2013-09-25 Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock documents the proceedings of a U.S.-Australian symposium on the effects of poisonous plants on domestic livestock. The symposium was held at Utah State University in Logan, Utah, on 19-24 June 1977. The volume is organized into eight parts. Part I discusses poisonous plant problems in the United States and Australia. Part II contains papers on general topics such as inorganic toxicants and poisonous plants; the hazard of plant toxicities to the human population; and selenium in plants as a cause of livestock poisoning. Part III examines the effects of simple phytotoxins such as selenium and oxalate on livestock. Part IV focuses on the effects of plant hepatotoxins, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Artemisia nova, and Tetradymia spp. Part V deals with plant cardio/pulmonary toxins such as Myoporum spp. and Pimelea spp. Part VI tales up plant neurotoxins while Part VII discusses plant teratogens and toxins affecting reproduction. Part VII presents studies on other toxic substances. It includes studies on oak poisoning and pine needle abortion in cattle. |
| cattle muscular system: Bovine Surgery and Lameness A. David Weaver, Guy St. Jean, Adrian Steiner, 2013-05-31 Bovine surgery is both challenging and complicated. Not only does the surgeon have to decide whether surgery is economically justified, but surgery often has to be performed in a sub-optimal environment. Following on from the worldwide success of the first edition, this new edition continues to act as a step-by-step guide to standard surgical techniques. Now with two new authors from Switzerland and North America, both the text and illustrations have been considerably expanded. In addition, special attention is given to issues relating to peri-operative analgesia and animal welfare, food safety, and drug dosages. Maintains the popular concise and accessible format of the first edition – perfect for on-the-field work; Two additional authors, with world renowned expertise in bovine surgery and lameness; Detailed instruction on the basics of effective surgery – proper instrumentation, asepsis, effective anaesthesia and essential techniques; Much more information on lameness, as well as numerous new line drawings to aid instruction. |
| cattle muscular system: Bovine Medicine Anthony H. Andrews, Roger W. Blowey, Hugh Boyd, Roger G. Eddy, 2008-04-15 Bovine Medicine provides practical and comprehensive information oncattle disease and production and is a key reference for all largeanimal vets. Since the first edition was published in 1991 therehave been significant improvements in disease control andmanagement of cattle. Almost all parts of the book have beenupdated and completely rewritten. There are new chapters onsurgery, embryo transfer, artificial insemination, ethno-veterinarymedicine and biosecurity, and a new consolidating chapter on theinteraction between the animal, environment, management anddisease. The previous edition has sold all over the world, and as aresult of this a greater emphasis has been placed on conditions andtheir treatment in areas other than temperate regions. A newsection entitled Global Variation in Cattle Practice has beenincluded with contributors discussing bovine medicine practice intheir part of the world. All in all this is an outstanding resource for any practisingvet and an excellent reference for veterinary students. |
| cattle muscular system: Code of Federal Regulations , 1983 Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries. |
| cattle muscular system: Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals R. D. Frandson, T. L. Spurgeon, Thomas Leslie Spurgeon, 1992 This 5th edition offers concise information on general anatomic and physiologic principles applicable to all farm animals. All topics have been updated, supported by the latest research discoveries and factual information. Anglicized technical terms are used throughout the book, but most terms not found in an ordinary dictionary are defined within the text. Important differences from the gradually accepted view of controversial subjects are mentioned or discussed. |
| cattle muscular system: Marketing Livestock and Meat William H Lesser, 1993-04-27 This groundbreaking volume presents a comprehensive view of the many concerns of those involved with livestock and meat marketing. During the 1980s, livestock production faced some critical changes. Product and feed prices became less stable, cycles lost their century-old patterns, both competition and trade barriers seemed to rise, and market outlets shrank in number and ownership diversity. At the same time, the United States demography became increasingly older, while new and confusing health concerns about red meat arose rapidly. This practical book introduces the reader to a range of issues of the livestock marketing system and looks ahead to such future issues as biotechnology, human health, and food safety. Considerable interest is given to international trade, an increasingly important sector in the market. Marketing Livestock and Meat is a concise and convenient compendium of diverse information. It provides functionaries in the system with an overall concept of how the market functions as a whole to promote better skills and strategies for marketing of red meats. The author describes specific applications vital to successful operation of the complex and far-reaching marketing system of meat and livestock, including international trade, grades and grading, health matters, demand for meat, price reporting and electronic markets, costs and benefits, and their combination into marketing strategies for producers. To supplement the research, theories, and strategies presented in this important book, there are many charts, graphs, and photographs. All persons connected to the marketing of meat and livestock--undergraduate students in North America, foreign students interested in exporting meat to the U. S., and most segments of the livestock sector, including supply and processing firms and retailers--will benefit from this important book. |
| cattle muscular system: Current Veterinary Therapy David E. Anderson, Michael Rings, 2008-11-20 Written by leading food animal researchers, practitioners, and educators, this comprehensive guide provides quick access to the latest medical and surgical interventions for cattle, sheep, and goats. The concise, quick-reference format and logical body systems organization make it ideal for use in both the clinical setting and the field. You'll easily locate key information on preventing, treating, and managing disease in food animals, as well as expert insights on improving outcomes for individual animals and herd populations. - Authoritative, cutting-edge coverage offers clinically relevant strategies for diagnosing and managing a wide range of diseases and disorders in food animals, with a focus on cattle, sheep, and goats. - Logically organized content is easy-to-follow and provides a practical approach to determining appropriate medical and surgical interventions. - Concise, easy-to-read format helps you find essential information quickly and easily. - Expert editors, consultants, and writers ensure the accuracy, relevance, and timeliness of each topic to keep you on the cutting edge of food animal therapy. - New editors and a new team of section editors bring a fresh perspective and authoritative guidance on caring for food animals. - Completely revised and updated content includes new sections on topics such as: - Genital surgery - Pharmacology and therapeutics - Restraint, anesthesia, and pain management - Cow-calf/small ruminant production medicine - Feedlot production medicine - Coverage of hot topics in the field includes biosecurity in feedlots, therapy in organic livestock medicine, and ethical responsibilities in selecting drugs for use in food animals. - Expanded treatment options incorporate surgical interventions where appropriate, including laparoscopic procedures. |
| cattle muscular system: The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America , 1971 The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. |
| cattle muscular system: Advances in Food Research , 1961-01-01 Advances in Food Research |
| cattle muscular system: Bovine Reproduction Richard M. Hopper, 2021-07-21 Bovine Reproduction A complete resource for practical, authoritative information on all aspects of bovine theriogenology The newly revised Second Edition of Bovine Reproduction delivers a comprehensive overview of all major issues in bovine reproduction. Written by leading experts in the subject, the book is an indispensable reference for any veterinarian dealing with bovine fertility. Bovine Reproduction is divided into sections on the bull, the cow, the neonate, and assisted reproduction techniques. New chapters cover new gene manipulation technologies, managing problem donors, lameness, and more. Outdated and redundant information from the First Edition has been removed and replaced by coverage of new diseases, technologies, procedures, techniques, and approaches to fertility problems. A new companion website provides images and tables from the book in PowerPoint format. In addition to more than 675 full-color images, readers will also benefit from: A thorough discussion of the anatomy and physiology of the bull, including the endocrine and exocrine function of bovine testes and the thermoregulation of the testes An exploration of breeding and health management of bulls, including the evaluation of breeding soundness and ultrasound examination of the reproductive tract An examination of the anatomy, physiology, and the breeding and health management of cows, including fetal programming, the reproductive tract microbiome, and a section on obstetrics and reproductive surgery A review of the management of both critical care of the neonate and effective colostrum assessment and provision An introduction to assisted and advanced reproductive technologies A practical and comprehensive reference, Bovine Reproduction is a must-have purchase for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, animal scientists, veterinary students, and residents with an interest in cattle. |
| cattle muscular system: Index Veterinarius , 1963 |
| cattle muscular system: Federal Register , 1979-08 |
| cattle muscular system: Clinical Examination of Farm Animals Peter Jackson, Peter Cockcroft, 2008-04-15 Clinical examination is a fundamental part of the process ofveterinary diagnosis. Without a proficient clinical examination andan accurate diagnosis it is unlikely that the treatment, control,prognosis and welfare of animals will be optimised. This book will assist veterinary students in their understandingof farm animal clinical examination and act as a quick referencefor clinicians who are called upon to examine an unfamiliarspecies. It will also provide a more detailed account forexperienced clinicians in their continuing professionaldevelopment. The authors provide a simple, explicit and reliable method ofexamining cattle, sheep, pigs and goats of all ages in the searchfor diagnostic information. |
| cattle muscular system: Research Awards Index , 1980 |
| cattle muscular system: Hazardous Waste Contamination of Water Resources United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 1984 |
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Hormonal Regulation of the Male Reproductive System The normal functioning of the male in reproduction is largely controlled by hormones. A hormone is a specific chemical substance …
Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle
Clinically, cattle showed moderate to severe muscle atrophy associated with weakness and difficulty in walking. All cows were tested for several chronic diseases (brucello-sis, …
Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology of Cattle
Figure 1. Side view of the cow’s reproductive system. “In order to understand why an animal displays the many signs of estrus, when she should be insemi-nated, and how the pregnancy …
Cattle Muscular System - netsec.csuci.edu
The cattle muscular system is a marvel of biological engineering, a complex and interconnected network responsible for all aspects of bovine movement, digestion, and respiration. By understanding its intricacies, we can significantly improve animal welfare, optimize livestock production, and advance our knowledge of comparative anatomy.
Muscular System Of Cattle (Download Only) - netsec.csuci.edu
The muscular system of cattle is a complex and vital component of their overall physiology. Understanding its structure, function, and the factors affecting its development is critical for efficient livestock management, accurate disease diagnosis,
VET-113 Animal Anatomy and Physiology 1 - manatipr.org
List the three types of muscle and describe the general characteristics of each type. Describe the structure and function of tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments. Differentiate between prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator muscles. List the locations and actions of the muscles of the head and neck. List the locations and actions of the ...
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM - Verona Agriculture
Function of the muscular system. Provides movement in conjunction with the skeletal system. Important in life support. Used by humans for food.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Farm Animals …
In contrast to anatomy, which deals primar-ily with structure, physiology is the study of the integrated functions of the body and the func-tions of all its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells, and cell components), including biophys-ical and biochemical processes.
Skeletal Muscles - Animal Health Australia
Diaphragmatic muscles in cattle are 80-95% Type 1 fibres. Mixed fibre type muscles have intermediate features in respect to the multiple range of functions, degree of fascia1 anatomy, range of fibrous texture, and colour from vascularisation. They are of course the most common neck, trunk and pectoral/pelvic girdle suspensory muscles.
Skeletal muscle specific genes networks in cattle - Springer
The purpose of the present study was, firstly, to profile by cDNA microarrays the differential gene expression between two skeletal muscle types, Psoas major (PM) and Flexor digitorum (FD), in beef cattle and then to interpret the results in the context of a bovine gene coexpression network, detecting possible changes in con-nectivity across the...
Ruminant Digestive Anatomy and Function - Mississippi State …
Feb 28, 2011 · The ruminant digestive system uniquely qualifies ruminant animals such as cattle to make efficient use of high roughage feedstuffs such as forages. Anatomy of the ruminant digestive system includes the mouth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, 4-compartment stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum), pancreas, gall
CVM 6100 Veterinary Gross Anatomy - University of Minnesota …
innervate each individual muscle. The innervations overlap within the. uscle because of myotome overlap.In the case of limb muscles, each muscle is innervated by the. ranch of a single regional nerve. Because of multiple myotomes per muscle, the …
VET-113 Animal Anatomy and Physiology 1 - manatipr.org
List the three types of muscle and describe the general characteristics of each type. Describe the structure and function of tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments. Differentiate between prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator muscles. List the locations and actions of the muscles of the head and neck. List the locations and actions of the ...
Introduction to Butcher Beef Cuts Curriculum - Realityworks
identify the different stages of the cattle harvesting process. Allow students to use smart devices or computers to determine what the different steps in cattle harvest include.
Muscular System Of Cattle Full PDF - netsec.csuci.edu
The muscular system of cattle is a complex and vital component of their overall physiology. Understanding its structure, function, and the factors affecting its development is critical for efficient livestock management, accurate disease diagnosis,
Types of Animal Digestive Systems - Mishicot Agriscience
The ruminant digestive system is found in cattle, sheep, goats, and deer. Ruminant animals eat feed rations that are high in roughages and low in concentrates. Roughages are feedstuffs that are high in fiber, low in energy, and typically only 50 to 65 percent digestible.
CONGENITAL AND INHERITED ANOMALIES OF THE …
Hyperplasia, commonly called double muscling (p 849), is a congenital myopathy found in some European breeds of cattle. Progressive myopathes have been reported in Merino sheep in Australia (an inherited autosomal recessive), in Pietrain pigs (Pietrain creeper syndrome), and in dogs, cats, chckens, turkeys, and mink.
Muscle scoring beef cattle - NSW Department of Primary …
Introduction. The muscle or red meat content of a beef animal is the most valuable part of the carcase. To help identify the red meat content in cattle, a method of evaluating shape termed ‘muscle scoring’ is used. Muscle score describes the shape of …
Skeletal Muscle Development in Normal and Double-Muscled …
Sep 18, 2003 · A number of regulatory factors can influence each of these stages of muscle development, including the genetic background and breed of an animal. Within double-muscled (DM) cattle breeds, there is an overall increase in muscle mass (Boccard, 1981).
Muscular System Of A Cow [PDF] - netsec.csuci.edu
The muscular system of a cow is a marvel of biological engineering, essential for locomotion, feeding, and overall survival. Understanding its complexity, the influence of genetics and nutrition, and the potential for muscle disorders is crucial for successful cattle management and …
Beef Cattle Handbook - Iowa Beef Center
Hormonal Regulation of the Male Reproductive System The normal functioning of the male in reproduction is largely controlled by hormones. A hormone is a specific chemical substance produced by a specialized gland, called an endocrine gland, which passes into the body fluids (blood and lymph) and is transported to various
Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle
Clinically, cattle showed moderate to severe muscle atrophy associated with weakness and difficulty in walking. All cows were tested for several chronic diseases (brucello-sis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, and leukosis) by serologic tests and skin …
Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology of Cattle
Figure 1. Side view of the cow’s reproductive system. “In order to understand why an animal displays the many signs of estrus, when she should be insemi-nated, and how the pregnancy develops, you must clearly understand the hormonal mechanisms con-trolling the estrous cycle in cattle.” deposited in the anterior portion of the vagina.
