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Working Papers 15/4: A Comprehensive Guide
Are you searching for information on "Working Papers 15/4"? This comprehensive guide dives deep into this seemingly obscure yet potentially significant term, exploring its possible meanings across various fields and offering clarity for anyone encountering this reference. While "Working Papers 15/4" isn't a universally recognized standard term like a specific legal document or scientific publication, we'll explore possible interpretations and contexts to help you understand its meaning depending on your specific industry or field of study. We'll examine potential scenarios where such a designation might appear, offering insights and helpful resources to aid your search.
Possible Interpretations of "Working Papers 15/4"
The phrase "Working Papers 15/4" could represent several things, and its meaning heavily depends on context. Let's investigate some possibilities:
1. Internal Documentation Numbering Systems
Many organizations, particularly research institutions, government bodies, or large corporations, employ internal numbering systems for their working papers. "15/4" could signify a document version number, a project code, or a sequential identifier within a specific year or department. For example, "15" might represent the year (or a project year) and "4" a sequential document number within that year or project.
#### Understanding Internal Numbering Schemes
Deciphering such internal numbering requires additional context. If you encountered this reference, try locating other documents with similar numbering to establish a pattern. Look for accompanying metadata, such as author names, dates, or project titles, to help identify the document's origin and subject matter. Contacting the organization that potentially uses this system directly is another effective strategy.
2. Specific Research Papers or Publications
It's possible "Working Papers 15/4" refers to a specific research paper or publication within a limited circulation network. Many universities or think tanks circulate working papers internally or to a select group of researchers before formal publication. These often aren't indexed in major academic databases.
#### Finding Specific Research Papers
To find this paper, you might need to:
Consult relevant institutional repositories: Check the online repositories of universities, research institutes, or think tanks that align with the potential subject matter.
Use specialized search engines: Utilize research-oriented search engines such as Google Scholar, focusing your search on the likely subject area alongside any other available information (author names, keywords, etc.).
Network with researchers: Connect with researchers in the field to see if they are familiar with this specific working paper.
3. Project Management or Internal Tracking Codes
In project management, "15/4" could be a simplified code referencing a specific task, phase, or version within a larger project. This type of internal coding is frequently used for tracking progress and organizing documentation.
#### Deciphering Project Codes
Understanding such codes necessitates access to the project's internal documentation or communication channels. Contacting the project team or reviewing related project materials would be necessary to decipher the code's meaning.
Strategies for Finding Information on "Working Papers 15/4"
If you're struggling to locate information using the phrase "Working Papers 15/4" directly, try broadening your search using the following techniques:
Keyword variations: Experiment with synonyms and related terms. If you suspect it's a research paper, consider adding relevant keywords related to the subject matter.
Contextual clues: Use any additional information you possess about the context in which you encountered this reference to refine your search.
Boolean operators: Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to combine keywords and narrow your search results. For example, if you suspect it relates to a specific field, use a search like `"working papers" AND "economics" AND "15/4"`.
Advanced search operators: Utilize advanced search operators provided by search engines (like Google's advanced search) to filter results by date, type, or other criteria.
Conclusion
Finding information using the phrase "Working Papers 15/4" requires a systematic and context-driven approach. Because it's not a standardized identifier, the search requires leveraging contextual clues, employing effective search strategies, and potentially contacting relevant organizations or individuals. By employing the techniques outlined above, you should significantly increase your chances of locating the information you seek.
FAQs
Q1: What if I can't find any information using "Working Papers 15/4"?
A1: If your search proves unsuccessful, consider the possibility that the reference is inaccurate or outdated. Revisit the source where you encountered this reference and try to find additional clues or contact the source directly for clarification.
Q2: Are working papers usually publicly accessible?
A2: The accessibility of working papers varies widely. Some are openly accessible online, while others are circulated internally within organizations or to a select group of researchers.
Q3: How can I determine the subject matter of a working paper identified only by a code like "15/4"?
A3: Look for accompanying metadata, such as author names or keywords, to help you understand the topic. Searching using related terms or using Boolean operators might also help narrow down your search.
Q4: What should I do if I believe "15/4" is part of a confidential document numbering system?
A4: If you suspect it relates to a confidential system, it's best not to pursue the information unless you have proper authorization to access such documents.
Q5: Could "15/4" refer to a specific section or chapter within a larger document?
A5: Yes, it's possible. If you have access to the larger document, look for a section or chapter identified with "15/4" or a similar reference within its table of contents or index.
| working papers 15 4: Working Papers United States. Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals, 1998 |
| working papers 15 4: Introduction to Accounting I United States Armed Forces Institute, 1962 |
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| working papers 15 4: Financial Investigation and Forensic Accounting, Third Edition George A. Manning, Ph.D, CFE, EA, 2010-12-01 As economic crimes continue to increase, accountants and law enforcement personnel must be vigilant in expanding their knowledge of ways to detect these clandestine operations. Written by a retired IRS agent with more than twenty years of experience, Financial Investigation and Forensic Accounting, Third Edition offers a complete examination of the current methods and legal considerations involved in the detection and prosecution of economic crimes. Explores a range of crimes Following an overview of the economic cost of crime, the book examines different types of offenses with a financial element, ranging from arson to tax evasion. It explores offshore activities and the means criminals use to hide their ill-gotten gains. The author provides a thorough review of evidentiary rules as well as the protocol involved in search warrants. He examines the two modalities used to prove financial crime: the Net Worth Method and the Expenditure Theory, and presents an example scenario based on real-life incidents. Organized crime and consumer fraud Additional topics include organized crime and money laundering — with profiles of the most nefarious cartels — consumer and business fraud and the different schemes that befall the unwary, computer crimes, and issues surrounding banking and finance. The book also presents focused and concrete advice on trial preparation and specific accounting and audit techniques. New chapters in the third edition New material enhances this third edition, including new chapters on investigative interview analysis and document examination, as well as advice for fraud examiners working on private cases, including the preparation of an engagement letter. For a successful prosecution, it is essential to recognize financial crime at its early stages. This practical text presents the nuts and bolts of fraud examination and forensic accounting, enabling investigators to stay ahead of an area that is increasingly taking on global importance. |
| working papers 15 4: Benefit Reforms for Inclusive Societies in the United States Income Security During Joblessness OECD, 2023-05-09 Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and facilitate a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. |
| working papers 15 4: Routledge Handbook on Immigration and Crime Holly Ventura Miller, Anthony Peguero, 2018-02-13 The perception of the immigrant as criminal or deviant has a long history in the United States, with many groups (e.g., Irish, Italians, Latinos) having been associated with perceived increases in crime and other social problems, although data suggest this is not necessarily the case. This Handbook examines the relationship between immigration and crime by presenting chapters reflecting key issues from both historical and current perspectives. The volume includes a range of topics related to immigration and crime, such as the links between immigration rates and crime rates, nativity and crime, and the social construction of the criminal immigrant, as well as historical and current immigration policy vis-à-vis perceptions of the criminal immigrant. Other topics covered in this volume include theoretical perspectives on immigration and assimilation, sanctuary cities, and immigration in the context of the war on terror. The Routledge Handbook on Immigration and Crime fills the gap in the literature by offering a volume that includes original empirical work as well as review essays that deliver a complete overview of immigration and crime relying on both historical and contemporary perspectives. It is a key collection for students in immigration courses; scholars and researchers in diverse disciplines including criminal justice, criminology, sociology, demography, law, psychology, and urban studies; and policy makers dealing with immigration and border security concerns. |
| working papers 15 4: The Global South after the Crisis Hasan Cömert, Technical University, Turkey and Rex A. McKenzie, 2016-07-27 This volume is split into two accessible sections. The first part concentrates on the impact of the crisis on growth, inequality, policy responses and policy shifts in key areas such as central banking. The second part comprises individual country case studies and includes an exploration of the vulnerabilities related to the integration of developing economies into the world economy. The effect of the crisis on trade, and the ways in which some developing countries have entered into a prolonged period of stagnant growth following the global crisis are all considered. |
| working papers 15 4: How Monetary Policy Works Lavan Mahadeva, Peter J N Sinclair, 2004-08-02 For monetary policymakers worldwide, developing a practical understanding of how monetary policy transmits to the economy is a day-to-day challenge. The data such policymakers have is imperfect, the maps they use are continually redrawn. With such uncertainty, understanding this complicated issue is rarely straightforward. This book, a collaboration between some of the finest minds working on monetary theory in the world, helps to provide a foundation for understanding monetary policy in all its complex glory. Using models, case studies and new empirical evidence, the contributors to this book help readers on many levels develop their technical expertise. Students of macroeconomics, money and banking and international finance will find this to be a good addition to their reading lists. At the same time, policymakers and professionals within banking will learn valuable lessons from a thorough read of this book's pages. |
| working papers 15 4: Experimental Wireless & the Wireless Engineer , 1927 |
| working papers 15 4: International Student Mobility and Transnational Friendships Ba?ak Bilecen, 2014-09-09 Friends play a crucial role in international students' lives. This book explores the characteristics of the friendship networks of international doctoral students by analysing the relationships between these students and their friends, both in the country of education and across several national borders. |
| working papers 15 4: Bibliography of Agriculture , 1965 |
| working papers 15 4: Blockchain for Industry 4.0 Anoop V.S., Asharaf S, Justin Goldston, Samson Williams, 2022-12-23 This reference text provides the theoretical foundations, the emergence, and the application areas of Blockchain in an easy-to-understand manner that would be highly helpful for the researchers, academicians, and industry professionals to understand the disruptive potentials of Blockchain. It explains Blockchain concepts related to Industry 4.0, Smart Healthcare, and the Internet of Things (IoT) and explores Smart Contracts and Consensus algorithms. This book will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and information technology. This book • Discusses applications of blockchain technology in diverse sectors such as industry 4.0, education, finance, and supply chain. • Provides theoretical concepts, applications, and research advancements in the field of blockchain. • Covers industry 4.0 digitization platform and blockchain for data management in industry 4.0 in a comprehensive manner. • Emphasizes analysis and design of consensus algorithms, fault tolerance, and strategy to choose the correct consensus algorithm. • Introduces security issues in the industrial internet of things, internet of things, blockchain integration, and blockchain-based applications. The text presents in-depth coverage of theoretical concepts, applications and advances in the field of blockchain technology. This book will be an ideal reference for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields such as electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and information technology. |
| working papers 15 4: Governing Infrastructure Regulators in Fragile Environments World Bank, 2019-07-30 Countries exiting conflict and fragility face many urgent priorities and almost invariably suffer from substantial infrastructure deficits. There is typically very little infrastructure investment during periods of fragility and conflict, and existing installations are often damaged or destroyed. The purpose of this manual is to contribute to improvements in the quality of infrastructure regulation. It does so by identifying key principles for the governance of infrastructure regulators and by suggesting how these principles can be introduced successfully and maintained over time. The introduction of cross-cutting governance principles for regulators is based on the assumption that a uniform set of governance principles can be less costly and complex for governments to implement and enforce and will provide potential investors with a more consistent and predictable regulatory environment to navigate. The manual also discusses the process of implementing regulatory governance reforms in fragile contexts. Improvements in governance frameworks for infrastructure regulators will support better and accountable regulatory decision-making, as well as increased investment and overall economic development. Case studies from relevant country experience complement and provide context to the discussion on principles. |
| working papers 15 4: Issues in Finance Stuart Sayer, 2011-01-04 Issues in Finance: Credit, Crises and Policies presents a collection of surveys on key issues surrounding the relationship between credit, finance, and the macro-economy that are linked to the recent global financial crisis. Presents a timely collection of surveys that shed light on the recent financial crisis Offers insights for economists in government, business, and finance Shows how the mainstream economics literature was not blind to the potential problems of the financial framework and its interplay with the macro-economy |
| working papers 15 4: Crowdfunding in Europe Dennis Brüntje, Oliver Gajda, 2015-08-20 Crowdfunding is becoming an increasingly popular method to finance projects of every kind and scale. This contributed volume is one of the earliest books presenting scientific and research-based perspectives of crowdfunding, its development, and future. The European Crowdfunding Network (ECN) and its scientific work group, together with FGF e.V., invited both researchers and practitioners to contribute to this first state-of-the-art edited volume on crowdfunding in Europe. This book contributes to a better comprehension of crowdfunding, encourages further fundamental research and contributes to a systematization of this new field of research. The book also features expert contributions by practitioners to enhance and complement the scientific perspective. This book can be used as a guideline and shall advance classification in an emerging research field. |
| working papers 15 4: Geopolitics of the New Middle East Şaban Kardaş, Bülent Aras, 2023-06-26 This edited book takes a critical look at the geopolitics of the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It scrutinizes some of the perennial issues shaping the regional security agenda, as well as the emerging geopolitical trends in the wake of a decade of turmoil triggered by the demands for political and economic reforms. The contributors explore the geopolitical implications of the structural transformation process in the MENA region and beyond, which has unleashed destabilizing forces and multifaceted conflicts, with the involvement of many local, regional and global actors. They also look at how some of the regional actors have reacted to the risks and security challenges produced by the wave of instability and conflicts, and conducted their foreign policy in this volatile period of fluid alliances. Other contributors explore the roles and perspectives of major extra-regional actors, delving deeper into how they have adjusted their policies towards the emergence of a new order and reshuffling of alignments. This book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students of politics, international relations, and political geography. It was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. |
| working papers 15 4: Catalog of Copyright Entries. Part 1. [B] Group 2. Pamphlets, Etc. New Series Library of Congress. Copyright Office, 1946 |
| working papers 15 4: Critique of the New Consensus Macroeconomics and Implications for India Dilip M. Nachane, 2018-11-02 The thought-provoking book presents alternative viewpoints to mainstream macroeconomic theory, questions conventional policy wisdom and suggests a systematic re-orientation of current macroeconomic and financial regulatory policies in India. The New Consensus Macroeconomics (NCM), which established itself in the 1980s as mainstream macroeconomics, essentially represents an “uneasy truce” between two dominant schools of economic thought viz. New Classical and Neo-Keynesian economics. The NCM sets the tone for much of the macroeconomic (especially monetary) policy followed by the advanced economies in the period of the Great Moderation (1990–2005). The recent global crisis has posed a major challenge to the NCM as empirical models based on the NCM failed to anticipate the occurrence of the crisis and later its extent and severity. The above considerations constitute the underpinnings of this book, which addresses the theoretical controversies within a general context and their policy implications for India. The authors’ analysis leads to a somewhat critical assessment of the financial sector policies followed in India since the initiation of reforms in 1991. This makes the book a valuable resource not only for researchers working in this area, but also for policy makers. |
| working papers 15 4: Foreign Direct Investment for Development Maximising benefits, minimising costs OECD, 2002-09-24 Provides a comprehensive review of the issues related to the impact of FDI on development as well as to the policies needed to maximise the benefits. |
| working papers 15 4: The Routledge Handbook on the Middle East Economy Hassan Hakimian, 2021-07-09 This Handbook captures the salient features of Middle Eastern economies and critically examines the public policy responses required to address the challenges and opportunities across the region. Bringing together wide-ranging perspectives from carefully selected and renowned subject specialists, the collection fills a gap in this relatively young and growing academic field. Combining discussion of theory and empirical evidence, the book maps out the evolution of Middle East economics as a field within area studies and applied development economics. Presented in six thematic sections, the book enables the reader to gain a comprehensive understanding of the region’s main economic themes and issues: • Growth and development in comparative perspectives • Labour force and human development • Natural resources, resource curse and trade • Poverty, inequality and social policy • Institutions and transition to democracy • Corruption, conflict and refugees Providing an overview of the principal economic problems, policies and performances relating to the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, this collection will be a key resource for upper-level undergraduates, graduates and scholars with an interest in Middle East economics, applied development economics, development studies and area studies. |
| working papers 15 4: Parliamentary Assembly, Working Papers BERNAN ASSOC, 2008-01-30 |
| working papers 15 4: Interim Guidance Note on Mainstreaming Gender at The IMF International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department, 2024-01-12 This interim note provides general guidance on the operationalization of the IMF’s Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender. It offers a comprehensive overview of how IMF staff can integrate macrocritical gender issues into the IMF’s core areas of surveillance, lending, and capacity development. Key topics include i) identifying and assessing macrocritical gender gaps; ii) the “light touch” and “deep dive” approaches; iii) early insights on integrating gender into IMF-supported programs; iv) capacity development on gender or with a gender lens; v) synergies with other workstreams and vi) the importance of collaboration. It also includes summaries and links to relevant tools, databases, IMF staff reports, and relevant literature. |
| working papers 15 4: Using outcome trajectory evaluation to assess HarvestPlus’ contribution to the development of national biofortification breeding programs Douthwaite, Boru, Johnson, Nancy L., Wyatt, Amanda, 2022-02-02 While the key role that policy plays in sustainable development has long been recognized, rigorously documenting the influence of research on policy outcomes faces conceptual, empirical and even political challenges. Addressing these challenges is increasingly urgent since improving policies—broadly defined—is at the heart of the structural transformation agenda. This paper describes the use of a new evaluation method—outcomes trajectory evaluation (OTE), based on both evaluation and policy process theory—to explore the influence of HarvestPlus, a large and complex research for development program focused on improving nutrition, on a specific policy outcome, namely the establishment of crop biofortification breeding programs in national agricultural research institutes in Bangladesh, India and Rwanda. The findings support claims of significant HarvestPlus contributions to the establishment of the programs while also raising issues that need to be monitored moving forward to ensure sust |
| working papers 15 4: Parliamentary Papers Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, 1874 |
| working papers 15 4: Nuclear Safety , 1976 |
| working papers 15 4: Exploring Universal Basic Income Ugo Gentilini, Margaret Grosh, Jamele Rigolini, Ruslan Yemtsov, 2019-11-25 Universal basic income (UBI) is emerging as one of the most hotly debated issues in development and social protection policy. But what are the features of UBI? What is it meant to achieve? How do we know, and what don’t we know, about its performance? What does it take to implement it in practice? Drawing from global evidence, literature, and survey data, this volume provides a framework to elucidate issues and trade-offs in UBI with a view to help inform choices around its appropriateness and feasibility in different contexts. Specifically, the book examines how UBI differs from or complements other social assistance programs in terms of objectives, coverage, incidence, adequacy, incentives, effects on poverty and inequality, financing, political economy, and implementation. It also reviews past and current country experiences, surveys the full range of existing policy proposals, provides original results from micro†“tax benefit simulations, and sets out a range of considerations around the analytics and practice of UBI. |
| working papers 15 4: Understanding and Managing Model Risk Massimo Morini, 2011-11-07 A guide to the validation and risk management of quantitative models used for pricing and hedging Whereas the majority of quantitative finance books focus on mathematics and risk management books focus on regulatory aspects, this book addresses the elements missed by this literature--the risks of the models themselves. This book starts from regulatory issues, but translates them into practical suggestions to reduce the likelihood of model losses, basing model risk and validation on market experience and on a wide range of real-world examples, with a high level of detail and precise operative indications. |
| working papers 15 4: Rewriting the Rules of the American Economy: An Agenda for Growth and Shared Prosperity Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2015-11-02 It’s time to rewrite the rules—to curb the runaway flow of wealth to the top one percent, to restore security and opportunity for the middle class, and to foster stronger growth rooted in broadly shared prosperity. Inequality is a choice. The United States bills itself as the land of opportunity, a place where anyone can achieve success and a better life through hard work and determination. But the facts tell a different story—the U.S. today lags behind most other developed nations in measures of inequality and economic mobility. For decades, wages have stagnated for the majority of workers while economic gains have disproportionately gone to the top one percent. Education, housing, and health care—essential ingredients for individual success—are growing ever more expensive. Deeply rooted structural discrimination continues to hold down women and people of color, and more than one-fifth of all American children now live in poverty. These trends are on track to become even worse in the future. Some economists claim that today’s bleak conditions are inevitable consequences of market outcomes, globalization, and technological progress. If we want greater equality, they argue, we have to sacrifice growth. This is simply not true. American inequality is the result of misguided structural rules that actually constrict economic growth. We have stripped away worker protections and family support systems, created a tax system that rewards short-term gains over long-term investment, offered a de facto public safety net to too-big-to-fail financial institutions, and chosen monetary and fiscal policies that promote wealth over full employment. |
| working papers 15 4: Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, 1876 |
| working papers 15 4: Lessons from Haiti’s Recent Exchange Rate Developments Ms. Rina Bhattacharya, Neil Shenai, 2022-11-11 From August to October 2020, the Haitian authorities were successful at bringing about a sharp appreciation in the gourde/U.S. dollar exchange rate. This paper analyzes the factors behind this appreciation and its spillovers on the economy. It finds that foreign exchange surrender requirements had a statistically significant effect on the nominal exchange rate, while foreign exchange intervention by the central bank did not. Surrender requirements were also found to have raised trading costs and volatility in the foreign exchange market and contributed to the development of a wider parallel nominal exchange rate premium. This appreciation contributed to a decline in headline inflation during the episode while delivering some fuel subsidy-related savings to the government. Remittance-dependent households and exporters saw a drop in their purchasing power, and Haiti’s net external buffers were adversely affected. Following from these findings, the paper offers recommendations on ways to facilitate foreign exchange management and boost external sustainability while contributing to the central bank’s overall policy objectives. |
| working papers 15 4: One World Mania Graham Dunkley, 2016-10-15 In this much-needed book, Graham Dunkley challenges the oft-repeated notion that free trade and global integration are the best means of development for all nations at all times – an idea that has proved even more misguided in the wake of the global financial crisis. By contrast, Dunkley reveals – through a wide range of statistical analysis and case studies – that at best the evidence is mixed. Looking systematically at issues such as trade-led growth, supply chains and financialization, One World Mania reveals the many problems that over-globalization has caused, often at great human cost. An indispensible guide for anyone wishing to understand the shortcomings of current global economic policies. |
| working papers 15 4: Sovereign Wealth Funds in Resource Economies Khalid Alsweilem, Malan Rietveld, 2017-10-17 Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) have reached a transitional moment. Created as a way to direct excess wealth toward economic development and long-term financial returns, some countries are now seeing a decline in revenue from sources such as oil. Many SWFs are now facing a new challenge—how to spend sustainably without depleting the funds. Sovereign Wealth Funds in Resource Economies explains the fiscal rules and institutional structures that can make SWFs thrive, providing a practical and theoretical guide to their optimal use in resource-revenue management. Khalid Alsweilem and Malan Rietveld put forward an institutional perspective of SWFs as quasi-independent political and economic entities charged with managing national resource wealth, examining both investment and disbursement strategies. They advance a systematic, rule-based approach, suggesting when to accumulate and when to begin countercyclical spending based on concrete case studies. More than a mere financial portfolio, SWFs must be embedded in a credible fiscal and institutional framework if they are to contribute to improved economic performance. Alsweilem and Rietveld consider the variety of relationships that exist between SWFs and their governments, exploring the legal and policy side of the institutional approach. Their rule-based description of SWFs, since it allows tailoring and adjustment and invokes rules of thumb and best practices, is intended to be widely applicable across the diverse spectrum of global SWFs. Bringing together the practitioner perspective and scholarly expertise, this book will be invaluable for global policy makers and scholars working with sovereign wealth funds. |
| working papers 15 4: Researching Higher Education Jennifer M. Case, Jeroen Huisman, 2015-10-14 Research on higher education has yielded many insights that have improved our theoretical and practical understanding but there are still many themes that continue to appear on research agendas, provoking renewed focus on these complex questions and problems. Researching Higher Education explores these issues, examining topics such as equity in access and participation, the relationship between higher education and society, how and what students learn and the professional development of academics. In this volume, contributors from Europe, Australia, Africa and the US critically address ongoing issues with a set of key questions to guide their analysis: What do we know? What are the missing links and gaps in past research? What are the implications for further research? Key themes include: The nature of higher education Higher education and society Staff and students in higher education Teaching and learning Curriculum and assessment Critical, engaging and international in scope, Researching Higher Education will be a valuable guide for academics, researchers, postgraduate students and policy makers in the higher education community. |
| working papers 15 4: Regional Economic Integration in West Africa Diery Seck, 2013-11-18 This book presents a number of key studies pertaining to the most pressing challenges of economic regional integration in West Africa. The issues of monetary coordination, foreign exchange volatility, taxation, savings and macroeconomic convergence are investigated from a regional perspective. The characteristics of West Africa’s trade policy are reviewed and assessed in comparison to that of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The extent to which regional integration can tackle the challenge of unemployment is the focus of studies on labour markets. Development of the private sector and coordination of regional cross-border transportation are examined through the lens of economic collaboration between Arab and African countries. The book provides fresh new answers to persistent development questions and sheds new light on long-held views that are either incomplete or no longer true. It also opens new perspectives on the search for sustainable avenues for Africa’s development. In this regard, it may contribute to the emergence of a new paradigm on Africa’s development process and its science-based, policy-oriented implementation. |
| working papers 15 4: Innovative finance for sustainable landscapes Louman, B., Meybeck, A., Mulder, G., Brady, M., Fremy, L., Savenije, H., Gitz, V., Trines, E., 2020-11-25 This publication explores some of the barriers that hinder external finance from making greater contributions to the sustainability of landscapes in the global south. It provides insights into the potential of blended finance, green bonds and crowdfunding structures to contribute to bridging that gap. The document is meant for investors that are new to land-based investments in the global south and are particularly interested in achieving social and environmental impacts. It is also written for development organizations with little experience in leveraging private finance for local development and conservation and for future practitioners in this field. The authors identified several gaps in knowledge and experiences, and it is hoped that through this document the readers will be motivated to fill in those gaps in the near future, contributing to scaling up finance for sustainable and inclusive landscapes. |
| working papers 15 4: Lending, Investments and the Financial Crisis Elena Beccalli, Federica Poli, 2016-04-29 This book features contributions from leading researchers into the effect of the recent financial crisis on lending in the banking sector. They explore the emergence of alternative methods of firm financing, including crowdfunding, firm network financing and venture capital, and analyse the performance of listed European innovative firms. The book discusses related topics such as the role of loan dynamics and structure for Central and Eastern European economic growth, the liquidity policy of the European Central Bank during the Euro crisis, sovereign pensions and social security reserve funds. Lending, Investments and the Financial Crisis addresses the ways in which the strategies of institutional investors have been impacted by the crisis. The study focuses on Western, Central and Eastern Europe, while providing a wider context in terms of comparison with the Chinese banking system. |
| working papers 15 4: Data Science in Applications Gintautas Dzemyda, Jolita Bernatavičienė, Janusz Kacprzyk, 2023-03-09 This book provides an overview of a wide range of relevant applications and reveals how to solve them. Many of the latest applications in finance, technology, education, medicine and other important and relevant fields are data-driven. The volumes of data are enormous. Specific methods need to be developed or adapted to solve a particular problem. It illustrates data science in applications. These applications have in common the discovery of knowledge in data and the use of this knowledge to make real decisions. The set of examples presented serves as a recipe book for their direct application to similar problems or as a guide for the development of new, more sophisticated approaches. The intended readership is data scientists looking for appropriate solutions to their problems. In addition, the examples provided serves as material for lectures at universities. |
| working papers 15 4: The Development Dimension Innovation for Water Infrastructure Development in the Mekong Region OECD, Asian Development Bank Institute, Mekong Institute, 2020-08-31 Water-related infrastructure could contribute significantly to the development of the Mekong region. At the same time, poor water infrastructure could lead to development challenges for the countries in the region. Innovation for Water Infrastructure Development in the Mekong Region discusses the challenges facing the region as well as the possible innovative policy options, including those used in Emerging Asian countries, and with reference to the experiences of OECD member countries. |
| working papers 15 4: India’s Contemporary Macroeconomic Themes D. K. Srivastava, K. R. Shanmugam, 2023-12-24 This book extensively examines various contemporary macroeconomic themes of India, namely growth and macro policies, tax reforms, government finances and intergovernmental fiscal transfers, banking and monetary policy, and environment and social sector policies. It has three to six chapters devoted to each of these broad themes, with the contributors being eminent economists from the region. The book serves as an excellent reference for students in economics, finance, and management, and a valuable tool for professionals such as policymakers and investment analysts and other stakeholders in the areas of global economics and finance, in general, and India in particular. |
| working papers 15 4: Economic And Administrative Sciences Volume II Azmi YALÇIN, 2018-11-22 |
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