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Women Executed by Hanging: A Historical and Legal Examination
The chilling phrase "women executed by hanging" evokes a complex tapestry of history, justice, and societal attitudes. This post delves into the grim reality of this form of capital punishment for women, exploring its historical prevalence, legal contexts, and the evolving perspectives surrounding it. We'll examine notable cases, analyze the differing treatments of men and women within the justice system, and consider the ethical implications of this extreme penalty. Prepare to confront a difficult but vital piece of history.
The Historical Context of Hanging as Capital Punishment for Women
Hanging, a method dating back centuries, was once a common form of execution across the globe, irrespective of gender. However, the experiences of women condemned to death by hanging often differed significantly from those of men. This disparity stemmed from societal norms and biases deeply embedded in legal and social structures. In many cultures, women faced additional societal pressures and were often subjected to different legal processes and punishments compared to their male counterparts, even within the context of capital offenses.
#### Early Legal Practices and Societal Attitudes
Early legal systems often reflected patriarchal structures, leading to harsher sentences for women convicted of certain crimes, particularly those deemed morally transgressive. This bias sometimes resulted in disproportionate sentencing, with women receiving the death penalty for offenses that might have garnered lesser punishments for men. The social stigma surrounding female criminality also played a role, influencing public perception and potentially influencing judicial decisions.
Notable Cases and their Impact
While detailed records are often incomplete or fragmented, several historical cases highlight the reality of women executed by hanging. These cases, though few and far between compared to male executions, provide crucial insights into the lives and circumstances of these women, often revealing underlying social injustices. Analyzing these individual stories helps us understand the broader historical context and the human cost of such brutal punishments.
#### Examining Specific Cases (Examples – Requires further research and specific examples to be included based on historical records)
Example 1: (Include a carefully researched historical example, citing the source. Focus on the crime, the trial, and the execution.)
Example 2: (Include another carefully researched historical example, citing the source. Focus on different aspects – perhaps societal reaction or the legal ambiguities.)
Example 3: (Include a third carefully researched historical example, highlighting a contrasting aspect, like a potential miscarriage of justice.)
The Legal Framework and Gender Disparities
The application of capital punishment, including hanging, was not always consistent across different legal systems and historical periods. While laws often stipulated the death penalty for certain crimes, the actual implementation could vary drastically based on factors like the social standing of the accused, the nature of the crime, and the prevailing biases within the legal system. Women, particularly those from marginalized communities, often faced harsher scrutiny and less access to legal representation, potentially leading to unfair trials and wrongful convictions.
#### Legal Reforms and the Decline of Hanging
The shift towards more humane forms of execution and the growing awareness of gender inequality have contributed to the significant decline, and in many places, the complete abolition of hanging as a method of capital punishment. However, the historical legacy of women executed by hanging continues to serve as a stark reminder of past injustices and the importance of ongoing efforts to promote fairness and equality within the justice system.
Ethical Considerations and Modern Perspectives
The ethical implications of capital punishment in general, and hanging specifically, remain a fiercely debated topic. The question of whether any state has the right to take a human life continues to provoke intense ethical and philosophical discussions. Furthermore, the potential for errors within the justice system, leading to the wrongful execution of innocent individuals, underscores the profound moral weight of capital punishment.
#### The Ongoing Debate on Capital Punishment
While some argue that the death penalty serves as a just punishment for heinous crimes, others contend that it is a cruel and unusual punishment, violating fundamental human rights. The debate is further complicated by concerns about racial and gender biases within the justice system, raising questions about the fairness and equity of capital punishment's application.
Conclusion:
The history of women executed by hanging reveals a dark chapter reflecting societal prejudices and legal inequalities. Examining these historical instances is not merely an academic exercise; it's crucial for understanding the evolution of justice systems and the ongoing struggle for equitable treatment. By confronting this uncomfortable history, we can work towards a future where such injustices are eradicated and human rights are upheld for all.
FAQs:
1. Were women always given the same treatment as men during capital punishment proceedings? No, historical records reveal significant disparities in treatment, often reflecting societal biases and patriarchal legal systems.
2. What other methods of execution were used for women historically? While hanging was common, other methods like burning at the stake or beheading were also used in different cultures and historical periods.
3. Are there any contemporary examples of women facing the death penalty by hanging? While extremely rare, it is possible in some countries with such legal systems and methods of execution, although specific examples would require extensive, up-to-date legal research.
4. What role did public opinion play in the use of hanging as a punishment for women? Public opinion, often influenced by societal norms and biases, played a significant role in shaping both the application and the acceptance of capital punishment, including hanging, for women.
5. How has the legal treatment of women convicted of capital crimes changed over time? There has been a significant shift towards greater legal protections and equal treatment for women within the criminal justice system, although significant challenges remain globally.
| women executed by hanging: Last Woman Hanged Caroline Overington, 2014-11-01 Two husbands, four trials and one bloody execution: Winner of the 2015 Davitt Award for Best Crime Book (Non-fiction) -- the terrible true story of Louisa Collins. In January 1889, Louisa Collins, a 41-year-old mother of ten children, became the first woman hanged at Darlinghurst Gaol and the last woman hanged in New South Wales. Both of Louisa's husbands had died suddenly and the Crown, convinced that Louisa poisoned them with arsenic, put her on trial an extraordinary four times in order to get a conviction, to the horror of many in the legal community. Louisa protested her innocence until the end. Much of the evidence against Louisa was circumstantial. Some of the most important testimony was given by her only daughter, May, who was just 10-years-old when asked to take the stand. Louisa Collins was hanged at a time when women were in no sense equal under the law -- except when it came to the gallows. They could not vote or stand for parliament -- or sit on juries. Against this background, a small group of women rose up to try to save Louisa's life, arguing that a legal system comprised only of men -- male judges, all-male jury, male prosecutor, governor and Premier -- could not with any integrity hang a woman. The tenacity of these women would not save Louisa but it would ultimately carry women from their homes all the way to Parliament House. Caroline Overington is the author of eleven books of fiction and non-fiction, including the top-selling THE ONE WHO GOT AWAY psychological crime novel. She has said: 'My hope is that LAST WOMAN HANGED will be read not only as a true crime story but as a letter of profound thanks to that generation of women who fought so hard for the rights we still enjoy today.' Praise for LAST WOMAN HANGED 'The story she tells ... is a useful challenge to any tendency to simple moral indignation' -- Beverley Kingston, Sydney Morning Herald 'This is a fascinating book, a terrific read, and an excellent reminder of who tells the stories, and whose stories are forgotten' -- Frances Rand, South Coast Register '... what's ... interesting is Caroline Overington's even-handed appraisal of Collins's alleged crime(s) that led her to become the last woman hanged in New South Wales in 1889' -- Launceston Sunday Examiner |
| women executed by hanging: Ugly Prey Emilie Le Beau Lucchesi, 2017-05-01 Ugly Prey tells the riveting story of poor Italian immigrant Sabella Nitti, the first woman ever sentenced to hang in Chicago, in 1923, for the alleged murder of her husband. Journalist Emilie Le Beau Lucchesi leads readers through the case, showing how, with no evidence and no witnesses, Nitti was the target of an obsessed deputy sheriff and the victim of a faulty legal system. She was also—to the men who convicted her and reporters fixated on her—ugly. For that unforgiveable crime, the media painted her as a hideous, dirty, and unpredictable immigrant, almost an animal. Featuring two other fascinating women—the ambitious and ruthless journalist who helped demonize Sabella through her reports and the brilliant, beautiful, 23-year-old lawyer who helped humanize her with a jailhouse makeover—Ugly Prey is not just a page-turning courtroom drama but also a thought-provoking look at the intersection of gender, ethnicity, and class within the American justice system. |
| women executed by hanging: Executed Women of 20th and 21st Centuries L. Kay Gillespie, 2009-06-15 Executed Women of the 20th and 21st Centuries provides a look into the lives, crimes, and executions of women during the 20th and 21st centuries. Rather than dealing with these women as numbers and statistics, this book presents them as human beings. Each of these women had lives, histories, and families. The purpose is not to condone their actions, but to suggest that those we executed are, in fact, humans—rather than monsters, as they are often portrayed. |
| women executed by hanging: Women and the Noose Richard Clark, 2023-02 A fascinating insight into the crimes of women, and how their executions took place From Sarah Malcolm, sentenced to be executed for multiple murders in the early eighteenth century, to Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be hanged in Britain in 1955, Women and the Noose traces the history of female crime through the cases of seventy women who met their end on the hangman's gallows. In this detailed account, each woman's story is revealed: her background, criminal acts and execution. Through their tales, historian Richard Clark highlights the wide range of crimes once punishable by death, from cold-blooded murder and crimes of passion to burglary and petty theft. He also shows how, as time went on, execution methods evolved, from burning at the stake to death by hanging, and how the public came to prefer a more humane, private death over the cruel, public scenes of earlier periods. Clark's frank treatment of events, combined with sympathetic revelations about the women's private lives, makes this revised and updated edition of Women and the Noose a chilling and surprisingly moving read. |
| women executed by hanging: Capital Punishment in Japan Petra Schmidt, 2002 This book provides an overview of capital punishment in Japan in a legal, historical, social, cultural and political context. It provides new insights into the system, challenges traditional views and arguments and seeks the real reasons behind the retention of capital punishment in Japan. |
| women executed by hanging: Women and the Gallows 1797-1837 Naomi Clifford, 2018-01-23 131 women were hanged in England and Wales between 1797 and 1837, executed for crimes including murder, baby-killing, theft, arson, sheep-stealing and passing forged bank notes. Most of them were extremely poor and living in desperate situations. Some were mentally ill. A few were innocent. And almost all are now forgotten, their voices unheard for generations. Mary Morgan – a teenager hanged as an example to others. Eliza Fenning – accused of adding arsenic to the dumplings. Mary Bateman – a ‘witch’ who duped her neighbours out of their savings. Harriet Skelton – hanged for passing counterfeit pound notes in spite of efforts by Elizabeth Fry and the Duke of Gloucester to save her. Naomi Clifford has unearthed the events that brought these ‘unfortunates’ to the gallows and has used contemporary newspaper accounts and documents to tell their stories-- |
| women executed by hanging: The Hanging Tree V. A. C. Gatrell, Vic Gatrell, 1994 A history of mentalities, emotions, and attitudes rather than of policies and ideas, it analyses responses to the scaffold at all social levels: among the crowds which gathered to watch executions; among 'polite' commentators from Boswell and Byron on to Fry, Thackeray, and Dickens; and among the judges, home secretary, and monarch who decided who should hang and who should be reprieved. Drawing on letters, diaries, ballads, broadsides, and images, as well as on poignant appeals for mercy which historians until now have barely explored, the book surveys changing attitudes to death and suffering, 'sensibility' and 'sympathy', and demonstrates that the long retreat from public hanging owed less to the growth of a humane sensibility than to the development of new methods of punishment and law enforcement, and to polite classes' deepening squeamishness and fear of the scaffold crowd. |
| women executed by hanging: Bedside Book of Bad Girls Michael Rutter, 2012-07-23 Meet Kate Bender, who brutally murdered as many as thirty people in Kansas, including children, and buried them in her family's orchard; Laura Bullion, the only woman to participate in a Wild Bunch train robbery; and Madam Vestal, a one-time Confederate spy who organized the famous Deadwood stagecoach robberies. Witness the execution of Elizabeth Potts and Ellen Watson, the first women hanged in Nevada and Wyoming. Drawing on fact and folklore, author and historian Michael Rutter brings 21 gun-slinging bad girls to life, and explores their motives, hopes, and dreams. He dispels many of the myths about these female outlaws, for sometimes the truth is stranger than fiction. Featuring forty-two historical images, Bedside Book of Bad Girls sheds light on figures and events often shrouded in fabrication and fantasy. Meet these fascinating characters, complete with their pistols and petticoats, their knives and knaves, their vices and victims. |
| women executed by hanging: The Hanging of Jean Lee Jordie Albiston, 2021 In 1951, Jean Lee was Australia's last woman hanged. Award-winning poet Jordie Albiston's acclaimed verse novel puts this woman's tragic story within the context of her times.'As one might expect, it is a grim, tough story of the deterioration of a young woman's life and its brutal end. It is divided into four sections with deliberately cold-hearted titles: Personal Pages, Entertainment Section, Crime Supplement and Death Notices. The Hanging of Jean Lee is economically and imaginatively conceived with a strong narrative drive. In a series of short connected poems, Jordie Albiston has made a heart-breaker out of her material, ringing the verse changes, using rhyme and blank verse in short chopped lines, colloquial language, reportage, and newspaper headlines with considerable skill.' Dorothy Hewett, Australian Book Review, 1999First published in 1998, The Hanging of Jean Lee was adapted for music-theatre and performed by Opera Australia.Jordie Albiston has published six collections of poetry. Nervous Arcs (1995), her debut, won the Mary Gilmore Award and The Sonnet According to M (2009) won the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry. Her most recent work is Element (2020). She received the Patrick White award in 2019. |
| women executed by hanging: Ruth Ellis: My Sister's Secret Life Muriel Jakubait, with Monica Weller, 2012-11-01 The secret double-life of Ruth Ellis and the Establishment cover-up that led to her unjust hanging Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be hanged in Britain, was convicted fifty years ago for shooting her lover David Blakely. The case became a notorious part of British criminal history and was turned into the film, Dance with a Stranger. The story that has been perpetuated ever since is that of a peroxide tart who killed in a fit of passion. Yet, crucial questions were left unasked in the original trial. Ruth Ellis's sister, Muriel Jakubait, knew her longest of all. She has never given up her search for justice. Now after fifty years she has decided to reveal the hard facts about their shared upbringing, and seek to piece together the full true story of her sister. As she is at pains to point out, the jealous killer tag has never been substantiated. This is a story of power, espionage, lies, loyalty, poverty, sex and betrayal. It suggests a third man may have pulled the trigger for the fatal shots. And that he belonged to a web of espionage into which Ruth Ellis fell long before the shooting. Above all, it indicates that Ruth was being run by Stephen Ward, at least a decade before his name became public in the Profumo Scandal. Muriel's motive is about more than proving her sister Ruth's innocence. It's about reclaiming the right to tell the story of her own family, stripped bare of the many tabloid myths that have accrued over the decades. She shows that Ruth was somebody damaged at a very early age - who strove to make something of herself, only to be caught up in something much bigger and end up paying with her life. |
| women executed by hanging: Harnessing the Power of the Criminal Corpse Sarah Tarlow, Emma Battell Lowman, 2018-05-17 This open access book is the culmination of many years of research on what happened to the bodies of executed criminals in the past. Focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it looks at the consequences of the 1752 Murder Act. These criminal bodies had a crucial role in the history of medicine, and the history of crime, and great symbolic resonance in literature and popular culture. Starting with a consideration of the criminal corpse in the medieval and early modern periods, chapters go on to review the histories of criminal justice, of medical history and of gibbeting under the Murder Act, and ends with some discussion of the afterlives of the corpse, in literature, folklore and in contemporary medical ethics. Using sophisticated insights from cultural history, archaeology, literature, philosophy and ethics as well as medical and crime history, this book is a uniquely interdisciplinary take on a fascinating historical phenomenon. |
| women executed by hanging: The Hanging of Betsey Reed Rick Kelsheimer, 2007 In 1845 twenty thousand people gathered in Lawrenceville, Illinois, to witness the hanging of Betsey Reed for poisoning her husband. Considered a witch by some, a victim by others; this is her story. |
| women executed by hanging: Legacy of Violence John D. Bessler, 2003 The first comprehensive history of lynchings and state-sanctioned executions in Minnesota. Minnesota is one of only twelve states that does not allow the death penalty, but that was not always the case. In fact, until 1911 executions in the state were legal and frequently carried out. In Legacy of Violence, John D. Bessler takes us on a compelling journey through the history of lynchings and state-sanctioned executions that dramatically shaped Minnesota's past. Through personal accounts of those involved with the events, Bessler traces the history of both famous and lesser-known executions and lynchings in Minnesota, the state's anti-death penalty and anti-lynching movements, and the role of the media in the death penalty debate. Bessler reveals Abraham Lincoln' thoughts as he ordered the largest mass execution in U. S. history of thirty-eight Indians in Mankato after the Dakota Conflict of 1862. He recounts the events surrounding the death of Ann Bilansky, the only woman ever executed in Minnesota, and the infamous botched hanging of William Williams, which led to renewed calls for the abolition of capital punishment. He tells the story of the 1920 lynching in Duluth of three African-Americans circus workers - wrongfully accused of rape - and the anti-lynching crusade that followed. The significant role that Minnesota played in America's transformation to private, after-dark executions is presented in the discussion of the midnight assassination law. Bessler's account is made more timely by thirty-five hundred people on death row in America today - more than at any other time in our nation's history. Is Minnesota's current approach superior to that of states that have capital punishment? Bessler looks at Minnesota history to ask whether the application of the death penalty can truly solve the problem of violence in America.--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved |
| women executed by hanging: The Last Woman to be Hanged Robert Hancock, 2020-11-26 On the eve of her hanging, Ruth Ellis wrote to a friend: 'I must close now but remember I am quite happy with the verdict, but not the way the story was told, there is so much that people don't know.' Ruth Ellis was the last woman to be hanged in Britain. This is her story. In July 1955 Ruth Ellis was sentenced to death for the shooting of her lover, motor-racing driver David Blakely. Barely three months later she was executed at Holloway prison. In this book, Robert Hancock sets the record straight. Using official documents including the transcript of her trial at the Old Bailey, he unlocks the full, secret background to the story of the last woman to be hanged in Britain. Meticulous and fair in its analysis, The Last Woman to be Hanged is an absorbing portrait of the tragic life of a young woman, a vivid snapshot of an era and a gripping account of a notorious case that shocked the nation. |
| women executed by hanging: Execution Simon Webb, 2011-12-31 Judicial hanging is regarded by many as being the quintessentially British execution. However, many other methods of capital punishment have been used in this country; ranging from burning, beheading and shooting to crushing and boiling to death. Execution: A History of Capital Punishment in Britain explores these types of execution in detail. Readers may be surprised to learn that a means of mechanical decapitation, the Halifax Gibbet, was being used in England five hundred years before the guillotine was invented. Boiling to death was a prescribed means of execution in this country during the Tudor period. From the public death by starvation of those gibbeted alive, to the burning of women for petit treason, this book examines some of the most gruesome passages of British history. This carefully researched, well-illustrated and enthralling text will appeal to those interested in the history of British executions. |
| women executed by hanging: Women and the Noose Richard Clark (Writer on capital punishment), 2007 From the Publisher: Tracing the history of female crime and execution from 1726 to 1955, Women and the Noose presents the cases of more than 50 women who met their end on the hangman's gallows. From the criminal act to the execution day itself, these women's stories illustrate the range of crimes punishable by execution, such as petty theft and murder, as well as reactions to the death sentence, including the pleading the belly defense. Richard Clark also discusses the developments in execution methods, from burning at the stake to the short- and long-drop, as well as the move from very public hangings to more dignified private events. Clark's frank treatment of the executions combined with sympathetic revelations about the women's private lives makes for a chilling and surprisingly moving read. |
| women executed by hanging: Outrages Naomi Wolf, 2020-10-09 From New York Times bestselling author Naomi Wolf, Outrages explores the history of state-sponsored censorship and violations of personal freedoms through the inspiring, forgotten history of one writer’s refusal to stay silenced. Newly updated, first North American edition--a paperback original In 1857, Britain codified a new civil divorce law and passed a severe new obscenity law. An 1861 Act of Parliament streamlined the harsh criminalization of sodomy. These and other laws enshrined modern notions of state censorship and validated state intrusion into people’s private lives. In 1861, John Addington Symonds, a twenty-one-year-old student at Oxford who already knew he loved and was attracted to men, hastily wrote out a seeming renunciation of the long love poem he’d written to another young man. Outrages chronicles the struggle and eventual triumph of Symonds—who would become a poet, biographer, and critic—at a time in British history when even private letters that could be interpreted as homoerotic could be used as evidence in trials leading to harsh sentences under British law. Drawing on the work of a range of scholars of censorship and of LGBTQ+ legal history, Wolf depicts how state censorship, and state prosecution of same-sex sexuality, played out—decades before the infamous trial of Oscar Wilde—shadowing the lives of people who risked in new ways scrutiny by the criminal justice system. She shows how legal persecutions of writers, and of men who loved men affected Symonds and his contemporaries, including Christina and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Walter Pater, and the painter Simeon Solomon. All the while, Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass was illicitly crossing the Atlantic and finding its way into the hands of readers who reveled in the American poet’s celebration of freedom, democracy, and unfettered love. Inspired by Whitman, and despite terrible dangers he faced in doing so, Symonds kept trying, stubbornly, to find a way to express his message—that love and sex between men were not “morbid” and deviant, but natural and even ennobling. He persisted in various genres his entire life. He wrote a strikingly honest secret memoir—which he embargoed for a generation after his death—enclosing keys to a code that the author had used to embed hidden messages in his published work. He wrote the essay A Problem in Modern Ethics that was secretly shared in his lifetime and would become foundational to our modern understanding of human sexual orientation and of LGBTQ+ legal rights. This essay is now rightfully understood as one of the first gay rights manifestos in the English language. Naomi Wolf’s Outrages is a critically important book, not just for its role in helping to bring to new audiences the story of an oft-forgotten pioneer of LGBTQ+ rights who could not legally fully tell his own story in his lifetime. It is also critically important for what the book has to say about the vital and often courageous roles of publishers, booksellers, and freedom of speech in an era of growing calls for censorship and ever-escalating state violations of privacy. With Outrages, Wolf brings us the inspiring story of one man’s refusal to be silenced, and his belief in a future in which everyone would have the freedom to love and to speak without fear. |
| women executed by hanging: Severed Frances Larson, 2014-11-06 Our history is littered with heads. Over the centuries, they have decorated our churches, festooned our city walls and filled our museums; they have been props for artists and specimens for laboratory scientists, trophies for soldiers and items of barter. Today, as videos of decapitations circulate online and cryonicists promise that our heads may one day live on without our bodies, the severed head is as contentious and compelling as ever. From shrunken heads to trophies of war; from memento mori to Damien Hirst's With Dead Head; from grave-robbing phrenologists to enterprising scientists, Larson explores the bizarre, often gruesome and confounding history of the severed head. Its story is our story. |
| women executed by hanging: The Practice of Execution in Canada Ken Leyton-Brown, 2010-04-10 It is easy to forget that the death penalty was an accepted aspect of Canadian culture and criminal justice until 1976. The Practice of Execution in Canada is not about what led some to the gallows and others to escape it. Rather, it examines how the routine rituals and practices of execution can be seen as a crucial social institution. Drawing on hundreds of case files, Ken Leyton-Brown shows that from trial to interment, the practice of execution was constrained by law and tradition. Despite this, however, the institution was not rigid. Criticism and reform pushed executions out of the public eye, and in so doing, stripped them of meaningful ritual and made them more vulnerable to criticism. |
| women executed by hanging: The Wonders of the Invisible World Cotton Mather, 1862 |
| women executed by hanging: Until You are Dead Frederick Drimmer, 1990 Recounts in human terms the extraordinary true stories of the most noteworthy men and women we have executed--the crimes of misfortunes that brought them to that pass and, above all, how they faced death.--Jacket. |
| women executed by hanging: In Cold Blood Truman Capote, |
| women executed by hanging: Oxford English Dictionary John A. Simpson, 2002-04-18 The Oxford English Dictionary is the internationally recognized authority on the evolution of the English language from 1150 to the present day. The Dictionary defines over 500,000 words, making it an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, pronunciation, and history of the English language. This new upgrade version of The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM offers unparalleled access to the world's most important reference work for the English language. The text of this version has been augmented with the inclusion of the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series (Volumes 1-3), published in 1993 and 1997, the Bibliography to the Second Edition, and other ancillary material. System requirements: PC with minimum 200 MHz Pentium-class processor; 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended); 16-speed CD-ROM drive (32-speed recommended); Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 200, or XP (Local administrator rights are required to install and open the OED for the first time on a PC running Windows NT 4 and to install and run the OED on Windows 2000 and XP); 1.1 GB hard disk space to run the OED from the CD-ROM and 1.7 GB to install the CD-ROM to the hard disk: SVGA monitor: 800 x 600 pixels: 16-bit (64k, high color) setting recommended. Please note: for the upgrade, installation requires the use of the OED CD-ROM v2.0. |
| women executed by hanging: Legal Executions in New England Daniel Allen Hearn, 2015-08-13 Between 1623 and 1960 (the date of the last execution as of 1999), Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont legally put to death more than 700 men and women for a wide variety of capital crimes ranging from army desertion to murder. This is a companion volume to Legal Executions in New York State and Legal Executions in New Jersey, both published by McFarland. It is comprised of chronologically arranged biographical entries for the executed persons. Each entry gives personal data on the executed person, including age, ethnicity, and gender, as well as a detailed account of the crime for which he or she was sentenced to death and information on the place and method of execution. Fully indexed. |
| women executed by hanging: The Death Penalty in America Hugo Adam Bedau, 1964 |
| women executed by hanging: In a Grove (竹林中) Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, 2011-10-15 |
| women executed by hanging: Hanging in Chains Albert Hartshorne, 1891 |
| women executed by hanging: Tyburn's Martyrs Andrea McKenzie, 2007-12 Tyburn is the most famous killing field in London. Here's its story in all its bloody glory. |
| women executed by hanging: Ellen Thomson Vashti Farrer, 2013 North Queensland was alive with goldrush excitement when a young widow moved to the new township of Port Douglas. Vashti Farrer opens the door on a colonial world, and hard pioneering lives in a tropical paradise. This illustrated book describes the men in Ellen Thomson's life, including the husband she was blamed for killing. It follows her agonising trial and surprise hanging, as well as the roles of Aborigines, Chinamen, policemen, Ellen's children and a judge whose mind was made up. This riveting true story leaves readers wondering if justice was done. |
| women executed by hanging: Writing to Save a Life John Edgar Wideman, 2018-05-03 When Emmett Till was murdered aged fourteen for allegedly whistling at a white woman, photographs of his destroyed face became a flashpoint in the civil rights movement. A decade earlier Emmett’s father, Louis, had also been killed – court-martialled and hanged. Though the circumstances could hardly have been more different, behind both deaths stood the same crime, of being black. In Writing to Save a Life, John Edgar Wideman, born the same year as Emmett Till, investigates the tragic fates of father and son. Mixing research, memoir and imagination, this book is an essential commentary on racism in America – illuminating, humane and profound. |
| women executed by hanging: The Faithful Executioner Joel F. Harrington, 2013-05-02 Meet Frantz Schmidt: executioner, torturer and, most unusually for his times, diarist. Following in his father’s footsteps, Frantz entered the executioner’s trade as an Apprentice. 394 executions and forty-five years later, he retired to focus his attentions on running the large medical practice that he had always viewed as his true vocation. Through examination of Frantz’s exceptional and often overlooked record, Joel F. Harrington delves deep into a world of human cruelty, tragedy and injustice. At the same time, he poses a fascinating question: could a man who routinely practiced such cruelty also be insightful, compassionate – even progressive? The Faithful Executioner is the biography of an ordinary man struggling to overcome an unjust family curse; it is also a remarkable panorama of a Europe poised on the cusp of modernity, a world with startling parallels to our own. |
| women executed by hanging: The Silent Patient Alex Michaelides, 2019-02-05 - THE RECORD-BREAKING, MULTIMILLION COPY GLOBAL BESTSELLER AND TIKTOK SENSATION - Discover the #1 New York Times and Sunday Times bestselling thriller with a jaw-dropping twist that everyone is talking about - as seen on TikTok. Soon to be a major film. Alicia Berenson lived a seemingly perfect life until one day six years ago. When she shot her husband in the head five times. Since then she hasn't spoken a single word. It's time to find out why. READERS LOVE THE SILENT PATIENT ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'Everything you need from a psychological thriller with a killer twist that is impossible to see coming!' ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'Fiendishly clever ... believe the hype.' ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'Grabs your afternoon from the start and never lets go' ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'A fantastic thriller with an incredible plot twist that I really didn't see coming. I highly recommend.' ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'OMG, my heart is still pounding from the final chapters of this amazing thriller.' ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'I'm honestly speechless, best book I have read for a very long time' ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 'The twists when they come, wow oh wow!' CRITICALLY ACCLAIMED 'The perfect thriller' AJ FINN 'Terrific' - THE TIMES Crime Book of the Month 'Smart, sophisticated suspense' - LEE CHILD 'Compelling' - OBSERVER 'Absolutely brilliant' - STEPHEN FRY 'A totally original psychological mystery' - DAVID BALDACCI 'One of the best thrillers I've read this year' - CARA HUNTER 'The pace and finesse of a master' - BBC CULTURE |
| women executed by hanging: Death on the Gallows West C. Gilbreath, 2017-05-23 The most comprehensive work ever done on legal executions by hanging in Texas. Arranged by counties, this book documents 467 executions in Texas, many that have been forgotten through the years. Thoroughly researched by West Gilbreath, a career law enforcement officer, this book is a must for any Texas history buff. |
| women executed by hanging: Let the Lord Sort Them Maurice Chammah, 2021-01-26 NEW YORK TIMES EDITORS’ CHOICE • A deeply reported, searingly honest portrait of the death penalty in Texas—and what it tells us about crime and punishment in America “If you’re one of those people who despair that nothing changes, and dream that something can, this is a story of how it does.”—Anand Giridharadas, The New York Times Book Review WINNER OF THE J. ANTHONY LUKAS AWARD In 1972, the United States Supreme Court made a surprising ruling: the country’s death penalty system violated the Constitution. The backlash was swift, especially in Texas, where executions were considered part of the cultural fabric, and a dark history of lynching was masked by gauzy visions of a tough-on-crime frontier. When executions resumed, Texas quickly became the nationwide leader in carrying out the punishment. Then, amid a larger wave of criminal justice reform, came the death penalty’s decline, a trend so durable that even in Texas the punishment appears again close to extinction. In Let the Lord Sort Them, Maurice Chammah charts the rise and fall of capital punishment through the eyes of those it touched. We meet Elsa Alcala, the orphaned daughter of a Mexican American family who found her calling as a prosecutor in the nation’s death penalty capital, before becoming a judge on the state’s highest court. We meet Danalynn Recer, a lawyer who became obsessively devoted to unearthing the life stories of men who committed terrible crimes, and fought for mercy in courtrooms across the state. We meet death row prisoners—many of them once-famous figures like Henry Lee Lucas, Gary Graham, and Karla Faye Tucker—along with their families and the families of their victims. And we meet the executioners, who struggle openly with what society has asked them to do. In tracing these interconnected lives against the rise of mass incarceration in Texas and the country as a whole, Chammah explores what the persistence of the death penalty tells us about forgiveness and retribution, fairness and justice, history and myth. Written with intimacy and grace, Let the Lord Sort Them is the definitive portrait of a particularly American institution. |
| women executed by hanging: Drop Dead Lorna Poplak, 2017-07-29 From Confederation in 1867 until the abolition of the death penalty in 1976, 704 people were hanged in Canada. The book examines how trial, conviction, and punishment operated then, and the relevance of capital punishment today. It profiles notable individuals: victims, murderers, judges, jurors, the wrongfully convicted ... and the hangman. |
| women executed by hanging: Living on Death Row Hans Toch, James R. Acker, Vincent Martin Bonventre, 2018 PROSE Award Finalist for Psychology This book synthesizes scholarly reflections with personal accounts from prison administrators and inmates to show the harsh reality of life on death row. |
| women executed by hanging: Hanged at Winchester Steve Fielding, 2010 For decades the high walls of Winchester Prison have contained some of the country's most infamous criminals. Until hanging was abolished in the 1960s it was also the main center of execution for those convicted in Hampshire. Among the executions carried out here was the hanging of soldier Abraham Goldenberg for the murder of a bank clerk; William Podmore, hanged in 1930 after killing a garage owner in Southampton; and two Polish refugees who murdered a have-a-go hero during a bungled bank robbery. Winchester was also the site of the last triple execution in Britain, when a Teignmouth coachman, a Southampton laborer and an eighteen-year-old rifleman based at Aldershot were hanged together for three unrelated crimes. Fully illustrated with photographs news cuttings and engravings, Hanged at Winchester features each of the cases in one volume for the first time and is sure to appeal to everyone interested in the shadier side of Hampshire's history. |
| women executed by hanging: The Electric Chair Craig Brandon, 2016-03-03 This book provides a history of the electric chair and analyzes its features, its development, and the manner of its use. Chapters cover the early conceptual stages as a humane alternative to hanging, and the rivalry between Edison and Westinghouse that was one of the main forces in the chair's adoption as a mode of execution. Also presented are an account of the terrible first execution and a number of the subsequent gruesome employments of the chair. The text explores the changing attitudes toward the chair as state after state replaced it with lethal injection. |
| women executed by hanging: A Handbook on Hanging Charles Duff, 1999-10-31 A Handbook on Hanging is a Swiftian tribute to that unappreciated mainstay of civilization: the hangman. With barbed insouciance, Charles Duff writes not only of hanging but of electrocution, decapitations, and gassings; of innocent men executed and of executions botched; of the bloodlust of mobs and the shabby excuses of the great. This coruscating and, in contemporary America, very relevant polemic makes clear that whatever else capital punishment may be said to be--justice, vengeance, a deterrent--it is certainly killing. |
| women executed by hanging: Executions in the United States, 1608-1987 M. Watt Espy, John Ortiz Smykla, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1987 This study furnishes data on executions performed in the United States under civil authority. It includes a description of each individual executed and the circumstances surrounding the crime for which the person was convicted. Variables include age, race, name, sex, and occupation of the offender, place, jurisdiction, date and method of execution and the crime for which the offender was executed. |
Women Executed By Hanging Copy - netsec.csuci.edu
The history of women executed by hanging reveals a dark chapter reflecting societal prejudices and legal inequalities. Examining these historical instances is not merely an academic …
summary or arbitrary executions - UN Human Rights Office
women not having the right to divorce.12 The execution of two of the women, Maryam Karimi and Zahra Esmaili, were personally carried out by their own children as next of kin to their …
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Amnesty International
rise in executions with at least 65 people, including at least two women, reportedly executed by hanging in 2006. 1 Iraq now figures among the countries with the highest numbers of …
Iraqi Women Facing Execution - Amnesty International
At least nine women under sentence of death in Iraq are now in imminent danger of execution, as Iraq’s Presidential Council has ratified their death sentences. Three other women have been …
Facts about the Death Penalty - Supreme Court of the United …
Fund, Jan. 1, 2015). 16 women have been executed since 1976. FINANCIAL FACTS ABOUT THE DEATH PENALTY • Defense costs for death penalty trials in Kansas averaged about …
The Death Penalty in Georgia
In 1735, Alice Ryley, a white female who arrived in America on an Irish transport, was hung for the murder of her master Will Wise. The last legal execution by hanging occurred on June 12, …
EXECUTION LIST - South Dakota
EXECUTION LIST. THOSE EXECUTED BY HANGING IN WHAT BECAME THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA. I. Executed by United States officials in Dakota Territory: Jack McCall, …
Women Executed By Hanging (Download Only)
The chilling phrase "women executed by hanging" evokes a complex tapestry of history, justice, and societal attitudes. This post delves into the grim reality of this form of capital punishment …
1. Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci, and other executed …
Jul 25, 2018 · Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci, and other executed Fascist officials hanging from the gantry of a gas station in Piazzale Loreto, Milan, April 29, 1945. PUBLIFOTO / …
MICHIGAN Capital Punishment S - State Bar of Michigan
The first success, however, was achieved in the wilds of Michigan. Peopled largely by immigrants from New York and New England, and with little experience of executions, Michigan Territory …
The Crucified Woman: a Paradox of Prurience and Piety
Images of crucified women are necessarily potent; they combine two of the most intensely evocative motifs of Western culture, the image of the Crucified Christ and the image of the …
Capital Punishment, 2009 - Statistical Tables - Bureau of …
During 2009, 21 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons received 112 prisoners under sentence of death. Admissions in California (29), Florida (15), Arizona (14), and Alabama. (9) accounted …
Women Who Kill: An Analysis of Cases in Late Eighteenth
Abstract. In late eighteenth - and early nineteenth-century London , the number of women. prosecuted for murder was quite small with only forty women reaching the felony. court at the …
New Iran public execution video highlights ‘brutal’ death penalty
The video provided to Amnesty International was shot on 19 July, and shows the execution by hanging of three men in Azadi Square in the city of Kermanshah. The men had been convicted …
The Post-Execution History of Nazi War Criminals
In all, a total of 155 convicted war criminals were hanged in Hameln, 90 of whom were buried in the prison grounds as directed.34. However, by the end of 1946, the available burial space …
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT CHRONOLOGY - TN.gov
The Tennessee Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of the state’s death penalty statute. Here is a chronology of capital punishment in Tennessee. 1796 - Tennessee becomes …
BRIEFINGPAPER - American Civil Liberties Union
than 525 men and women have been put to death by the state. More than 150 of these executions have taken place since 1996. 3,500 people are on death row today, awaiting their turn with the …
Living on Death Row: The Psychology of Waiting to Die
The 2,790 men and 53 women awaited execution in 32 states and pursuant to U.S. Military and federal authority. Racially and ethnically diverse (42% White, non-Hispanic; 42% Black; 13% …
Execution Stories Hanging Women (PDF)
sexual attitudes and prejudices encountered by women condemned to death. She examines the horrific treatment of those denounced as witches and reveals the gruesome reality of death by …
Prison conditions for women facing the death penalty
Prison conditions for women facing the death penalty A factsheet Introduction There are at least 500 women currently on death row around the world. While exact figures are impossible to …
Jihadi Beheading Videos and their Non-Jihadi Echoes on JSTOR
Ariel Koch, Jihadi Beheading Videos and their Non-Jihadi Echoes, Perspectives on Terrorism, Vol. 12, No. 3 (June 2018), pp. 24-34
Chronology of the Death Penalty in New Hampshire (2018)
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Suicide by hanging: Results from a national survey in ... - PLOS
using SPSS (version 22) and executed all tests for each gender separately because many studies showed marked differences for male and female subjects. Medical officers of the IRM investi- ...
GLOBAL STUDY ON HOMICIDE 2018 - United Nations Office …
Gender-related killing of women and girls is analysed in this study using the indicator for intimate partner/family-related homicide. This provides a concept that covers most gender-related …
The Trial and Hanging of Nelson Charles - University of Alaska …
During 1994, the number of women sen-tenced to be executed increased from 36 to 41. Five women were received under sen-tence of death, and none was removed from death row or …
GHOSTS OF EXECUTIONS PAST: A CASE STUDY OF …
generally executed, often brutally, in public and in front of other slaves, and the bodies were often left hanging in public for an extended period of time to (theoretically) maximize the deterrent …
Female Hanging Dolcett
Read Free Female Hanging Dolcett Female Hanging Dolcett A Fine Day for a Hanging Last Woman Hanged Ruth Ellis Cannibal Killers THE WAY OF ALL FLESH The Paramount Rule Speech, Crime, …
Capital Punishment, 2020 – Statistical Tables - Bureau of …
Prisoners executed during 2020 had been on death row for an average of 18.9 years. FIGURE 1. Number of persons under sentence of death, 1953–2020. Number 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 …
A Family Affair? English Hangmen and a Dublin Jail, 1923–54
vated offenders. In thirty cases the method used was hanging and in the remainder it was shooting. Only one woman, Annie Walsh, was executed. Her death took place in Mountjoy Prison on August …
BRIEFINGPAPER - American Civil Liberties Union
convicts were executed; others spent decades of their lives in prison. In a 1996 update of this study it was revealed that in the past few years alone, four individuals were executed although there …
Women Who Kill: An Analysis of Cases in Late Eighteenth- and …
women found guilty , the courts often hesitated to convict to the fullest extent of the law. Juries and judges presiding in homicide cases in London regularly ... after all, come to take in the spectacle …
When Ancient Greece Banned Women from Olympics, They …
young, unmarried women. The athletes, with their hair hanging freely and dressed in special tunics that cut just above the knee and bared their right shoulder and breast, competed in footraces. …
Procedure for Military Executions - Library of Congress
in the continental United States the prisoners will be executed in succession and the same electric chair will be used for each execu tion. In multiple executions by musketry or hanging, the …
THEATER OF DEATH: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN EARLY …
women, and children gathered in Boston to join the parade of death. They came to hear the execution sermon and witness the “launching of a moral vessel… into the boundless ocean of …
Distr: SC/DP/CC/CO - Amnesty International
Apr 24, 1989 · Those executed include Sandra Smith, a 22-year-old mother of three children executed on 2 June 1989. She was the first woman to be executed for over two years. She was …
ESPYFile 10-2-19 by date
JOSEPH Native Amer. M Murder Hanging 12 10 1709 MA JOSIAS Native Amer. M Murder Hanging 12 10 1709 MA SALVADOR (JACKMANS) Native Amer. M Slave Revolt Hanging 4 1710 VA SCIPIO …
Factsheet: Shari’a and LGBTI Persons - United States …
actively enforces the hanging of gay men, including a . hanging. in January 2019. In 2016, Iran executed 17-year-old Hassan Afshar after having what he claimed was consensual intercourse …
The of the Penalty in North - University of North Carolina at …
The last person to be executed in North Carolina was Samuel Flippen, who was put to death on August 18, 2006.6 Since that time, there has been a de facto moratorium on executions, as a …
“Convicted Murderers and the Victorian Press: National
Crimes and Misdemeanours 1/2 (2007) ISSN 1754-0445 113 killings such as Wade's. Local efforts, supported by several papers, continued after her reprieve and won her release after only one …
The Abolition of the Death Penalty in the United Kingdom
executed before he had a chance to appeal his case as he did not have a lawyer to represent him and ... flaying alive; hanging; impalement; stoning; strangling; being thrown to wild animals; and …
Exiled, Executed, Exalted: Louis Riel, Homo - JSTOR
May 12, 2017 · eral government executed Riel by hanging. The author of the quotation is Desmond Morton, an esteemed scholar of Canadian history. Above, he offers a realpolitik analysis of the …
The DEATH PENALTY - TCADP
offenders were executed nationally, 13 in Texas. February 3, 1998 – Karla Faye Tucker is the first woman to be executed in Texas since 1863. Only 9 women have been executed in Texas history, …
Criminal Justice Review - Murderpedia
Jurisdictions executed more than three timesas many slave women in antebellum slav-ery as in colonial slavery. Beginning with Massachusetts’s execution of Maria, a young slave woman, for …
“Hanging Pretty Girls” - JSTOR
“Hanging Pretty Girls” ... two of them girls, were executed in New Jersey— James Guild in 1828, Jane Huff in 1837, Roseanne Keen in 1844. T hese extreme punishments of Black children—co …
REBEL JUSTICE: THE GREAT HANGING AT GAINESVILLE
tried and executed by a court-martial in Grayson County. Two accounts of the affair survive, that of Dr. Thomas Barrett, a physician and preacher, and that of ... Hanging at Gainesville", was printed …
IN IN QUEST QUEST OF OF GENDER-BIAS GENDER-BIAS IN …
offenders have been executed since 1976.8 Death sentences and actual executions for female prisoners are rare in comparison to male offenders. It appears that women are more likely to be …
Hanging and near-hanging - BJA Education
hanging. In Australia,hangingbecamethe mostcommonmethod of suicide for males in 1989 and for females in 1994 coinciding with a period of increasing firearms control.6 In the USA, where …
Fallen Women: The Popular Image of Female Suicide in …
tales” for women circulating in the public sphere, and “significantly shaped the way men and women of all classes made sense of themselves.” (Judith R. Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: …
A History of the Death Penalty in America - Teach Democracy
shooting, hanging, electrocution, poison gas, and lethal injection. Today, all states with the death penalty use lethal injection. Some states, however, allow one of these other methods as an …
Hanging Women Execution Pictures (book)
Hanging Women Execution Pictures The Discovery of Witches Matthew Hopkins,2021-02-09 Starting in the 15th century, a fear of ... father was executed by the Army for rape and murder. In …
OVER HER DEAD BODY: DEATH, FEMININITY AND THE AES?
colorful history of executed women from the Middle Ages to the early decades of this century. Unfortunately, her lack of inventive manipulation of their stories, not pushing them to a …
Warning: the following contains accounts of brutality and
executed by firing squad. In the German attempt to wrest control of Omaruru from Chief Manasse Tjisiseta in 1894, Leutwein also had Manasse’s nephew Karuhere executed for his role in the …
Living Under Sentence of Death - The Death Penalty Project
in India, the Bangladeshi men and women would spend a long time under sentence of death before an execution. In some parts of the world, this delay would render an execution unconstitutional. …
“DON’T LET THEM KILL US - Amnesty International
people were executed for drug-related offences. The use of the death penalty continued to disproportionately impact Iran’s oppressed Baluchi ethnic minority, which constitutes only about …
Living on Death Row: The Psychology of Waiting to Die
The 2,790 men and 53 women awaited ... been executed. More than one third (37.7%) had their murder conviction or death sentence vacated between 1973 and 2013, including more than 150 …
Capital Punishment, 2021 – Statistical Tables - Bureau of …
Prisoners executed during 2021 had been on death row for an average of 19.4 years (table 12). Between 1977 and yearend 2021, 34 states and the federal government executed 1,540 …
Woman Executed Hanging Movies
Krasue Wikipedia. History and Women The Hanging of Mary Surratt. The Asphyx Cannibal Death Execution Forced Sex. Meet Tarantino?s Stunt Muse Zoë Bell Observer. 10 Influential Women …
Jamaica’s Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil …
imposed and the date on which the sentence is executed . . . .12 As a result, inmates on death row in Jamaica remain at risk of experiencing death row phenomenon. 5. Despite this amendment, …
The Body in Parts: Reading the Execution Ritual in Late
Executed at Hereford in 1326, the younger Hugh Despenser was ceremonially and very publicly dismembered, his body parts distributed throughout the realm to serve as decaying reminders of …
Who Watches this Stuff?: Videos Depicting Actual Murder …
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General Assembly - الأمم المتحدة
A/HRC/46/NGO/95 4 In February 2016, Hamas commander Mahmoud Ishtiwi was executed by his former comrades for embezzlement and “crimes against morality,” i.e., homosexuality.18 He had …
Forgotten Perpetrators: Photographs of Female Perpetrators …
5 The number of executed women in Hungary is seven. 6 Andrea Pető, “Who is Afraid of the ‘Ugly Women’? Problems of Writing Biographies of Nazi and Fascist Women in Countries of the Former …
Woman Executed Hanging Movies - edms.ncdmb.gov.ng
Feb 12, 2024 · Woman Executed Hanging Movies 10 Influential Women Executed During The Reign Of The. Woman faces calls to be executed after going out without. Trudeau Exonerates 6 First …
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT CHRONOLOGY - TN.gov
hanging. The first of three state Constitutions also refers to “capital offenses.” 1829 - Tennessee adopts a new criminal code, continuing to allow capital punishment by hanging. 1834 - The …
2020 ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN ANNUAL REPORT
6 ANNUAL REPORT 7 ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2020 GLOSSARY Baghy Armed rebellion against the Islamic ruler Diya Blood money Efsad-fil-arz Corruption on Earth Elme-qazi …
Colonial Hell and Female Slave Resistance in Saint-Domingue
Middle Passage, many were undoubtedly women. The apparent hopelessness of their situation in the colony led certain groups, particularly slave women, to continue the practice of committing …
INFAMOUS COMMERCE: PROSTITUTION IN EIGHTEENTH …
sexuality (Tony Henderson's social history Disorderly Women in Eighteenth Century London: Prostitution and Control in the Metropolis, 1730-1830 is the most comprehensive); there are …
Capital Punishment, 2016 - Bureau of Justice Statistics
Five states executed a total of 20 prisoners in 2016, with Georgia (9) and Texas (7) accounting for 80% of executions. The number of prisoners executed in 2016 represented the smallest number …
£SOUTH KOREA @Facts about the Death Penalty and calls for …
Nine convicted murderers were executed in 1992 and some 50 prisoners are currently under sentence of death. The South Korean Government says it retains the death penalty as a deterrent …
