Advertisement
What Phrase Describes Macroevolution? Unpacking the Grand Scale of Evolutionary Change
Evolution, the cornerstone of modern biology, is a multifaceted process operating on multiple scales. While microevolution focuses on small-scale changes within a population, macroevolution encompasses the grand, sweeping transformations that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth over millions of years. This post delves into the complexities of macroevolution, exploring the key phrases that best describe its profound impact and addressing common misconceptions. We'll unravel the processes driving macroevolution and clarify its relationship to microevolution, leaving you with a clearer understanding of this fundamental aspect of life's history.
H2: Understanding Macroevolution: Beyond Microevolutionary Shifts
The term "macroevolution" itself is sometimes misleading, as it doesn't represent a distinct process separate from microevolution. Instead, macroevolution describes the cumulative effect of microevolutionary changes over vast stretches of time. Think of it like this: microevolution is the individual brushstrokes on a canvas, while macroevolution is the breathtaking masterpiece they create.
Microevolution encompasses changes in allele frequencies within a population, driven by mechanisms like mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. These relatively small changes can accumulate over generations, eventually leading to significant transformations – the hallmark of macroevolution.
H2: Key Phrases Describing Macroevolution: More Than Just Gradualism
While "gradual change over time" is a common understanding of macroevolution, it's an oversimplification. Several phrases better capture the complexity and dynamism of this evolutionary process:
#### H3: "Large-Scale Evolutionary Change": A Broad but Accurate Description
This phrase aptly describes the scope of macroevolution. It encompasses the emergence of new species (speciation), the extinction of entire lineages, and the major transformations in body plans and adaptations observed throughout the fossil record. It avoids implying a specific mechanism or timescale.
#### H3: "Evolutionary Novelties": Highlighting the Emergence of New Traits
Macroevolution often leads to the appearance of entirely new traits or structures – evolutionary novelties. These are characteristics not present in ancestral forms, representing significant leaps in evolutionary innovation. The evolution of wings in birds or the development of complex eyes are prime examples of such novelties. These are not simply incremental modifications but rather the emergence of fundamentally new features.
#### H3: "Adaptive Radiation": Exploiting New Opportunities
Adaptive radiation describes the rapid diversification of a lineage into numerous species, each adapted to a specific ecological niche. This often occurs following a mass extinction event or the colonization of a new environment with abundant, unexploited resources. Darwin's finches in the Galapagos Islands represent a classic example of adaptive radiation. This phrase highlights the dynamic interplay between evolutionary change and environmental opportunity.
#### H3: "Phylogenetic Diversification": Tracking the Branching Tree of Life
Macroevolution is fundamentally about the branching of the tree of life. Phylogenetic diversification describes the process by which new lineages arise and diverge from one another, creating the vast biodiversity we see today. This involves analyzing evolutionary relationships between organisms using techniques like comparative anatomy, molecular biology, and the fossil record. This phrase emphasizes the historical context of evolutionary change.
H2: Common Misconceptions about Macroevolution
It's crucial to address some common misunderstandings regarding macroevolution:
#### H3: It's Not "Progress" Toward Perfection
Macroevolution is not a linear progression toward some ideal or "perfect" organism. Evolution is driven by adaptation to specific environments, and what constitutes "fitness" varies drastically depending on the context. Evolutionary pathways are contingent on historical events and chance occurrences, not a predetermined trajectory.
#### H3: It Doesn't Necessarily Occur Gradually
While gradualism is a component of macroevolution, punctuated equilibrium is another important model. This proposes that evolutionary change occurs in bursts of rapid speciation, punctuated by periods of relative stasis. This highlights the non-uniformity of evolutionary rates and the impact of environmental shifts.
H2: The Intertwined Relationship Between Microevolution and Macroevolution
It’s critical to understand that macroevolution is not a separate force from microevolution. It is the cumulative effect of countless microevolutionary events over vast timescales. The small changes within populations, driven by natural selection and other mechanisms, eventually accumulate to produce the large-scale patterns observed in macroevolution. The difference lies primarily in the scale and timeframe considered.
Conclusion
In conclusion, there isn't one single phrase that perfectly captures the essence of macroevolution. However, phrases like "large-scale evolutionary change," "evolutionary novelties," "adaptive radiation," and "phylogenetic diversification" all offer valuable insights into this complex and dynamic process. Understanding macroevolution requires appreciating its relationship with microevolution, the influence of environmental factors, and the contingent nature of evolutionary pathways. By recognizing the intricate interplay of these factors, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the magnificent tapestry of life on Earth.
FAQs
1. Is macroevolution directly observable? While we can't directly observe the entirety of macroevolutionary events unfolding in real-time due to their vast timescales, we can observe microevolutionary processes and extrapolate them to understand macroevolutionary patterns through fossil records, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology.
2. Does macroevolution violate the laws of physics? No, macroevolution is entirely consistent with the laws of physics and chemistry. It is a biological process governed by the principles of heredity, variation, and natural selection.
3. What is the role of chance in macroevolution? Chance plays a significant role, particularly through genetic drift and the random occurrence of mutations. These chance events can influence the direction and trajectory of evolutionary change.
4. How does the fossil record support macroevolution? The fossil record provides compelling evidence for macroevolution, showing transitions between different species and the emergence of new lineages over vast time spans. It documents the appearance and disappearance of major groups of organisms.
5. Can macroevolution be predicted? While we cannot predict the exact course of future macroevolution, we can make informed predictions based on current understanding of evolutionary mechanisms, environmental pressures, and phylogenetic relationships. However, the unpredictable nature of environmental change and chance events makes precise prediction impossible.
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Plant Evolution Karl J. Niklas, 2016-08-12 Although plants comprise more than 90% of all visible life, and land plants and algae collectively make up the most morphologically, physiologically, and ecologically diverse group of organisms on earth, books on evolution instead tend to focus on animals. This organismal bias has led to an incomplete and often erroneous understanding of evolutionary theory. Because plants grow and reproduce differently than animals, they have evolved differently, and generally accepted evolutionary views—as, for example, the standard models of speciation—often fail to hold when applied to them. Tapping such wide-ranging topics as genetics, gene regulatory networks, phenotype mapping, and multicellularity, as well as paleobotany, Karl J. Niklas’s Plant Evolution offers fresh insight into these differences. Following up on his landmark book The Evolutionary Biology of Plants—in which he drew on cutting-edge computer simulations that used plants as models to illuminate key evolutionary theories—Niklas incorporates data from more than a decade of new research in the flourishing field of molecular biology, conveying not only why the study of evolution is so important, but also why the study of plants is essential to our understanding of evolutionary processes. Niklas shows us that investigating the intricacies of plant development, the diversification of early vascular land plants, and larger patterns in plant evolution is not just a botanical pursuit: it is vital to our comprehension of the history of all life on this green planet. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Punctuated Equilibrium Stephen Jay GOULD, Stephen Jay Gould, 2009-06-30 In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould took the scientific world by storm with his paper on punctuated equilibrium. Challenging a core assumption of Darwin's theory of evolution, it launched the controversial idea that the majority of species originates in geological moments (punctuations) and persists in stasis. Now, thirty-five years later, Punctuated Equilibrium offers his only book-length testament on a theory he fiercely promoted, repeatedly refined, and tirelessly defended. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Mammal Teeth Peter S. Ungar, 2010-10-01 Winner, 2010 PROSE Award for Excellence in the Biological Sciences. Professional and Scholarly Publishing division of the Association of American Publishers In this unique book, Peter S. Ungar tells the story of mammalian teeth from their origin through their evolution to their current diversity. Mammal Teeth traces the evolutionary history of teeth, beginning with the very first mineralized vertebrate structures half a billion years ago. Ungar describes how the simple conical tooth of early vertebrates became the molars, incisors, and other forms we see in mammals today. Evolutionary adaptations changed pointy teeth into flatter ones, with specialized shapes designed to complement the corresponding jaw. Ungar explains tooth structure and function in the context of nutritional needs. The myriad tooth shapes produced by evolution offer different solutions to the fundamental problem of how to squeeze as many nutrients as possible out of foods. The book also highlights Ungar's own path-breaking studies that show how microwear analysis can help us understand ancient diets. The final part of the book provides an in-depth examination of mammalian teeth today, surveying all orders in the class, family by family. Ungar describes some of the more bizarre teeth, such as tusks, and the mammal diversity that accompanies these morphological wonders. Mammal Teeth captures the evolution of mammals, including humans, through the prism of dental change. Synthesizing decades of research, Ungar reveals the interconnections among mammal diet, dentition, and evolution. His book is a must-read for paleontologists, mammalogists, and anthropologists. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Dawkins Vs. Gould Kim Sterelny, 2007 Already an international bestseller, this completely revised edition updates the story of science's most bitter argument. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Genome Chaos Henry H. Heng, 2019-05-25 Genome Chaos: Rethinking Genetics, Evolution, and Molecular Medicine transports readers from Mendelian Genetics to 4D-genomics, building a case for genes and genomes as distinct biological entities, and positing that the genome, rather than individual genes, defines system inheritance and represents a clear unit of selection for macro-evolution. In authoring this thought-provoking text, Dr. Heng invigorates fresh discussions in genome theory and helps readers reevaluate their current understanding of human genetics, evolution, and new pathways for advancing molecular and precision medicine. - Bridges basic research and clinical application and provides a foundation for re-examining the results of large-scale omics studies and advancing molecular medicine - Gathers the most pressing questions in genomic and cytogenomic research - Offers alternative explanations to timely puzzles in the field - Contains eight evidence-based chapters that discuss 4d-genomics, genes and genomes as distinct biological entities, genome chaos and macro-cellular evolution, evolutionary cytogenetics and cancer, chromosomal coding and fuzzy inheritance, and more |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Evolution's Wedge David Pfennig, Karin Pfennig, 2012-10-25 Evolutionary biology has long sought to explain how new traits and new species arise. Darwin maintained that competition is key to understanding this biodiversity and held that selection acting to minimize competition causes competitors to become increasingly different, thereby promoting new traits and new species. Despite Darwin’s emphasis, competition’s role in diversification remains controversial and largely underappreciated. In their synthetic and provocative book, evolutionary ecologists David and Karin Pfennig explore competition's role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. The authors discuss how selection can lessen resource competition or costly reproductive interactions by promoting trait evolution through a process known as character displacement. They further describe character displacement’s underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms. The authors then consider character displacement’s myriad downstream effects, ranging from shaping ecological communities to promoting new traits and new species and even fueling large-scale evolutionary trends. Drawing on numerous studies from natural populations, and written for a broad audience, Evolution’s Wedge seeks to inspire future research into character displacement’s many implications for ecology and evolution. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Macroevolution in Human Prehistory Anna Prentiss, Ian Kuijt, James C. Chatters, 2009-09-18 Cultural evolution, much like general evolution, works from the assumption that cultures are descendent from much earlier ancestors. Human culture manifests itself in forms ranging from the small bands of hunters, through intermediate scale complex hunter-gatherers and farmers, to the high density urban settlements and complex polities that characterize much of today’s world. The chapters in the volume examine the dynamic interaction between the micro- and macro-scales of cultural evolution, developing a theoretical approach to the archaeological record that has been termed evolutionary processual archaeology. The contributions in this volume integrate positive elements of both evolutionary and processualist schools of thought. The approach, as explicated by the contributors in this work, offers novel insights into topics that include the emergence, stasis, collapse and extinction of cultural patterns, and development of social inequalities. Consequently, these contributions form a stepping off point for a significant new range of cultural evolutionary studies. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Iron Sharpens Iron Robert P. Vande Kappelle, 2013-07-26 Iron Sharpens Iron is grounded in the conviction that humans have the capacity to transcend conventional spirituality to a genuine and wholesome faith that is dynamic rather than static, future-oriented rather than past-oriented, and owned rather than passively acquired. Classroom tested, this discussion guide is an ideal way for thoughtful Christians--in individual and group settings--to interact with timely topics. Like its companion text, Beyond Belief: Science, Faith, and the Value of Unknowing (2012), this guide is written for those who affirm the value of lifelong spiritual growth. Topics covered include the authority of scripture, the uniqueness of Christ, faith and reason, religion and science, biological evolution and morality, cosmological evolution and the nature of God, and the doctrines of salvation, resurrection, and the afterlife. This guide encourages a high degree of interaction. The discussion questions are engaging and appeal to various levels of intellectual and spiritual awareness. Sessions follow a fourfold pattern: (a) Getting Started provides an overview of each session; (b) Gaining Momentum provides questions for discussion or further reflection; (c) Going Deeper encourages participants to acquire further perspective; and (d) The Essentials summarizes key points from each chapter of Beyond Belief. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Understanding Evolution Kostas Kampourakis, 2014-04-03 Bringing together conceptual obstacles and core concepts of evolutionary theory, this book presents evolution as straightforward and intuitive. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Random Discrete Structures David Aldous, Robin Pemantle, 2012-12-06 The articles in this volume present the state of the art in a variety of areas of discrete probability, including random walks on finite and infinite graphs, random trees, renewal sequences, Stein's method for normal approximation and Kohonen-type self-organizing maps. This volume also focuses on discrete probability and its connections with the theory of algorithms. Classical topics in discrete mathematics are represented as are expositions that condense and make readable some recent work on Markov chains, potential theory and the second moment method. This volume is suitable for mathematicians and students. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: 9/11 Ten Years Later David Ray Griffin, 2012-04-10 On the tenth anniversary of the Septemer 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, David Ray Griffin reviews the troubling questions that remain unanswered 9/11 Ten Years Later is David Ray Griffin's tenth book about the tragic events of September 11, 2001. Asking in the first chapter whether 9/11 justified the war in Afghanistan, he explains why it did not. In the following three chapters, devoted to the destruction of the World Trade Center, Griffin asks why otherwise rational journalists have endorsed miracles (understood as events that contradict laws of science). Also, introducing the book's theme, Griffin points out that 9/11 has been categorized by some social scientists as a state crime against democracy. Turning next to debates within the 9/11 Truth Movement, Griffin reinforces his claim that the reported phone calls from the airliners were faked, and argues that the intensely debated issue about the Pentagon—whether it was struck by a Boeing 757—is quite unimportant. Finally, Griffin suggests that the basic faith of Americans is not Christianity but nationalist faith—which most fundamentally prevents Americans from examining evidence that 9/11 was orchestrated by U.S. leaders—and argues that the success thus far of the 9/11 state crime against democracy need not be permanent. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Adaptation and Natural Selection George Christopher Williams, 2018-10-30 Biological evolution is a fact—but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. When Adaptation and Natural Selection was first published in 1966, it struck a powerful blow against those who argued for the concept of group selection—the idea that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. Williams’s famous work in favor of simple Darwinism over group selection has become a classic of science literature, valued for its thorough and convincing argument and its relevance to many fields outside of biology. Now with a new foreword by Richard Dawkins, Adaptation and Natural Selection is an essential text for understanding the nature of scientific debate. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Science as a Way of Knowing John Alexander Moore, 1993 This book makes Moore's wisdom available to students in a lively, richly illustrated account of the history and workings of life. Employing rhetoric strategies including case histories, hypotheses and deductions, and chronological narrative, it provides both a cultural history of biology and an introduction to the procedures and values of science. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Only a Theory Kenneth Raymond Miller, 2008 Evaluates the debate between advocates for evolution and intelligent design which occured during the 2005 Dover evolution trial, dissecting the claims of the intelligent design movement and explaining why the conflict is compromising America's position a |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Why I Became an Atheist John W. Loftus, 2012-10-10 For about two decades John W. Loftus was a devout evangelical Christian, an ordained minister of the Church of Christ, and an ardent apologist for Christianity. With three degrees--in philosophy, theology, and philosophy of religion--he was adept at using rational argumentation to defend the faith. But over the years, doubts about the credibility of key Christian tenets began to creep into his thinking. By the late 1990s he experienced a full-blown crisis of faith. In this honest appraisal of his journey from believer to atheist, the author carefully explains the experiences and the reasoning process that led him to reject religious belief. The original edition of this book was published in 2006 and reissued in 2008. Since that time, Loftus has received a good deal of critical feedback from Christians and skeptics alike. In this revised and expanded edition, the author addresses criticisms of the original, adds new argumentation and references, and refines his presentation. For every issue he succinctly summarizes the various points of view and provides references for further reading. In conclusion, he describes the implications of life without belief in God, some liberating, some sobering. This frank critique of Christian belief from a former insider will interest freethinkers as well as anyone with doubts about the claims of religion. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: The Origins of Self Martin P. J. Edwardes, 2019-07-22 The Origins of Self explores the role that selfhood plays in defining human society, and each human individual in that society. It considers the genetic and cultural origins of self, the role that self plays in socialisation and language, and the types of self we generate in our individual journeys to and through adulthood. Edwardes argues that other awareness is a relatively early evolutionary development, present throughout the primate clade and perhaps beyond, but self-awareness is a product of the sharing of social models, something only humans appear to do. The self of which we are aware is not something innate within us, it is a model of our self produced as a response to the models of us offered to us by other people. Edwardes proposes that human construction of selfhood involves seven different types of self. All but one of them are internally generated models, and the only non-model, the actual self, is completely hidden from conscious awareness. We rely on others to tell us about our self, and even to let us know we are a self. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Darwin Devolves Michael J. Behe, 2019-02-26 The scientist who has been dubbed the “Father of Intelligent Design” and author of the groundbreaking book Darwin’s Black Box contends that recent scientific discoveries further disprove Darwinism and strengthen the case for an intelligent creator. In his controversial bestseller Darwin’s Black Box, biochemist Michael Behe challenged Darwin’s theory of evolution, arguing that science itself has proven that intelligent design is a better explanation for the origin of life. In Darwin Devolves, Behe advances his argument, presenting new research that offers a startling reconsideration of how Darwin’s mechanism works, weakening the theory’s validity even more. A system of natural selection acting on random mutation, evolution can help make something look and act differently. But evolution never creates something organically. Behe contends that Darwinism actually works by a process of devolution—damaging cells in DNA in order to create something new at the lowest biological levels. This is important, he makes clear, because it shows the Darwinian process cannot explain the creation of life itself. “A process that so easily tears down sophisticated machinery is not one which will build complex, functional systems,” he writes. In addition to disputing the methodology of Darwinism and how it conflicts with the concept of creation, Behe reveals that what makes Intelligent Design unique—and right—is that it acknowledges causation. Evolution proposes that organisms living today are descended with modification from organisms that lived in the distant past. But Intelligent Design goes a step further asking, what caused such astounding changes to take place? What is the reason or mechanism for evolution? For Behe, this is what makes Intelligent Design so important. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Applications of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs F. Marret, J. O’Keefe, P. Osterloff, M. Pound, 2021-10-29 This long-awaited book about non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) aims to cover gaps in our knowledge of these abundant but understudied palynological remains. NPPs, such as fungal spores, testate amoebae, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs and animal remains, are routinely recovered from palynological preparations of marine or terrestrial material, from Proterozoic to recent geological times. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different types of NPPs, with examples from diverse time periods and environments. It provides guidance on sample preparation to maximize the recovery of these NPPs, detailed information on their diversity and ecological affinity, clarification on the nomenclature and demonstrates their value as environmental indicators. This volume will become the reference guide for any student, academic or practitioner interested in everything else in their palynological preparations. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2024-09-10 Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Heterochrony Michael L. McKinney, K.J. McNamara, 2013-04-17 The authors outline evolutionary thought from pre-Darwinian biology to current research on the subject. They broadly label the factors of evolution as intrinsic and extrinsic, with Darwin favoring the latter by emphasizing the process of natural selection and later followers of Darwin carrying t |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Wonderful Life Stephen Jay Gould, 2000 Centring on the discovery in the Burgess Shale of 530 million year old fossils unique in age, preservation and diversity, this book challenges perceptions about man's place in the history of life. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Avian Brood Parasitism Manuel Soler, 2018-05-02 Brood parasitism has become one of the most flourishing areas of research in evolutionary ecology and one of the best model systems for investigating coevolution. This subject has undergone remarkable advances during the last two decades, but has not been covered by any book in the 21st century. This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the fascinating field of avian brood parasitism. The topics covered include conspecific brood parasitism; evolution and phylogenetic history of avian brood parasites; parasitic behaviour used by brood parasites; adaptations and counter-adaptations of brood parasites and their hosts at every stage of the breeding cycle (before laying, egg, chick and fledgling stages); factors affecting the evolution of host defences and parasitic attacks; the role of phenotypic plasticity in host defences; mechanisms driving egg recognition and rejection; evolution of nest sharing or nest killing by brood parasite chicks; begging behaviour in parasitized nests and food delivery by host adults; and recognition of conspecifics by juvenile brood parasites. This volume provides a comprehensive reference resource for readers and researchers with an interest in birds, behaviour and evolution, as well as a source of hypotheses and predictions for future investigations into this dynamic subject. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Darwin-Inspired Learning Carolyn J. Boulter, Michael J. Reiss, Dawn L. Sanders, 2015-01-19 Charles Darwin has been extensively analysed and written about as a scientist, Victorian, father and husband. However, this is the first book to present a carefully thought out pedagogical approach to learning that is centered on Darwin’s life and scientific practice. The ways in which Darwin developed his scientific ideas, and their far reaching effects, continue to challenge and provoke contemporary teachers and learners, inspiring them to consider both how scientists work and how individual humans ‘read nature’. Darwin-inspired learning, as proposed in this international collection of essays, is an enquiry-based pedagogy, that takes the professional practice of Charles Darwin as its source. Without seeking to idealise the man, Darwin-inspired learning places importance on: • active learning • hands-on enquiry • critical thinking • creativity • argumentation • interdisciplinarity. In an increasingly urbanised world, first-hand observations of living plants and animals are becoming rarer. Indeed, some commentators suggest that such encounters are under threat and children are living in a time of ‘nature-deficit’. Darwin-inspired learning, with its focus on close observation and hands-on enquiry, seeks to re-engage children and young people with the living world through critical and creative thinking modeled on Darwin’s life and science. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: The Codes of Life Marcello Barbieri, 2007-10-26 Building on a range of disciplines – from biology and anthropology to philosophy and linguistics – this book draws on the expertise of leading names in the study of organic, mental and cultural codes brought together by the emerging discipline of biosemiotics. The volume represents the first multi-authored attempt to deal with the range of codes relevant to life, and to reveal the ubiquitous role of coding mechanisms in both organic and mental evolution. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: The Metaphysics of Biology John Dupré, 2021-06-03 This Element is an introduction to the metaphysics of biology, a very general account of the nature of the living world. The first part of the Element addresses more traditionally philosophical questions - whether biological systems are reducible to the properties of their physical parts, causation and laws of nature, substantialist and processualist accounts of life, and the nature of biological kinds. The second half will offer an understanding of important biological entities, drawing on the earlier discussions. This division should not be taken too seriously, however: the topics in both parts are deeply interconnected. Although this does not claim to be a scientific work, it does aim to be firmly grounded in our best scientific knowledge; it is an exercise in naturalistic metaphysics. Its most distinctive feature is that argues throughout for a view of living systems as processes rather than things or, in the technical philosophical sense, substances. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition Michael Tomasello, 2015-08-01 Ambitious and elegant, this book builds a bridge between evolutionary theory and cultural psychology. Michael Tomasello is one of the very few people to have done systematic research on the cognitive capacities of both nonhuman primates and human children. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition identifies what the differences are, and suggests where they might have come from. Tomasello argues that the roots of the human capacity for symbol-based culture, and the kind of psychological development that takes place within it, are based in a cluster of uniquely human cognitive capacities that emerge early in human ontogeny. These include capacities for sharing attention with other persons; for understanding that others have intentions of their own; and for imitating, not just what someone else does, but what someone else has intended to do. In his discussions of language, symbolic representation, and cognitive development, Tomasello describes with authority and ingenuity the ratchet effect of these capacities working over evolutionary and historical time to create the kind of cultural artifacts and settings within which each new generation of children develops. He also proposes a novel hypothesis, based on processes of social cognition and cultural evolution, about what makes the cognitive representations of humans different from those of other primates. Lucid, erudite, and passionate, The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition will be essential reading for developmental psychology, animal behavior, and cultural psychology. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Return to Resistance Raoul A. Robinson, 1996 In the tradition of Silent Spring, Raoul Robinson's Return to Resistance calls for a revolution. Traditional plant breeding techniques have led us to depend more and more on chemical pesticides to protect ourcrops. Return to Resistance shows gardeners, farmers, and plant breeders how to use a long-neglected technique to create hardy new plant varieties that are naturally resistant to pests and disease. Horizontal resistance breeding has been largely ignored in this century due to the popularity and apparent successes of the Mendelian geneticists. However the colossal, unrecognized failure of m. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Abusing Science Philip Kitcher, 1983-06-23 Abusing Science is a manual for intellectual self-defense, the most complete available for presenting the case against Creationist pseudo-science. It is also a lucid exposition of the nature and methods of genuine science. The book begins with a concise introduction to evolutionary theory for non-scientists and closes with a rebuttal of the charge that this theory undermines religious and moral values. It will astonish many readers that this case must still be made in the 1980s, but since it must, Philip Kitcher makes it irresistibly and forcefully. Not long ago, a federal court struck down an Arkansas law requiring that scientific Creationism be taught in high school science classes. Contemporary Creationists may have lost one legal battle, but their cause continues to thrive. Their efforts are directed not only at state legislatures but at local school boards and textbook publishers. As Kitcher argues in this rigorous but highly readable book, the integrity of science is under attack. The methods of inquiry used in evolutionary biology are those which are used throughout the sciences. Moreover, modern biology is intertwined with other fields of science—physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology. Creationists hope to persuade the public that education in science should be torn apart to make room for a literal reading of Genesis. Abusing Science refutes the popular complaint that the scientific establishment is dogmatic and intolerant, denying academic freedom to the unorthodox. It examines Creationist claims seriously and systematically, one by one, showing clearly just why they are at best misguided, at worst ludicrous. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Shattering the Christian Looking Glass Philip Charleston, 2009-07-07 Shattering the Christian Looking Glass dismembers the towering edifice of Catholic dogma. Short, highly readable, but immensely powerful, Shattering challenges the Church to defend its dogma and the Church's legitimacy. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Full House Stephen Jay Gould, 2011-10 Gould shows why a more accurate way of understanding our world is to look at a given subject within its own context, to see it as a part of a spectrum of variation and then to reconceptualize trends as expansion or contraction of this “full house” of variation, and not as the progress or degeneration of an average value, or single thing. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: No Sense of Obligation Matt Young, 2001-10-31 Some of the Praise for No Sense of Obligation . . . fascinating analysis of religious belief -- Steve Allen, author, composer, entertainer [A] tour de force of science and religion, reason and faith, denoting in clear and unmistakable language and rhetoric what science really reveals about the cosmos, the world, and ourselves. Michael Shermer, Publisher, Skeptic Magazine; Author, How We Believe: The Search for God in an Age of Science About the Book Rejecting belief without evidence, a scientist searches the scientific, theological, and philosophical literature for a sign from God--and finds him to be an allegory. This remarkable book, written in the laypersons language, leaves no room for unproven ideas and instead seeks hard evidence for the existence of God. The author, a sympathetic critic and observer of religion, finds instead a physical universe that exists reasonlessly. He attributes good and evil to biology, not to God. In place of theism, the author gives us the knowledge that the universe is intelligible and that we are grownups, responsible for ourselves. He finds salvation in the here and now, and no ultimate purpose in life, except as we define it. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh, 2018-10-18 A complete account of evolutionary thought in the social, environmental and policy sciences, creating bridges with biology. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography Christian Klug, Dieter Korn, Kenneth De Baets, Isabelle Kruta, Royal H. Mapes, 2015-07-22 This two-volume work is a testament to the abiding interest and human fascination with ammonites. We offer a new model to explain the morphogenesis of septa and the shell, we explore their habitats by the content of stable isotopes in their shells, we discuss the origin and later evolution of this important clade, and we deliver hypotheses on its demise. The Ammonoidea produced a great number of species that can be used in biostratigraphy and possibly, this is the macrofossil group, which has been used the most for that purpose. Nevertheless, many aspects of their anatomy, mode of life, development or paleobiogeographic distribution are still poorly known. Themes treated are biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoenvironment, paleobiogeography, evolution, phylogeny, and ontogeny. Advances such as an explosion of new information about ammonites, new technologies such as isotopic analysis, tomography and virtual paleontology in general, as well as continuous discovery of new fossil finds have given us the opportunity to present a comprehensive and timely state of the art compilation. Moreover, it also points the way for future studies to further enhance our understanding of this endlessly fascinating group of organisms. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: New Frontiers of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Serge Morand, François Beaudeau, Jacques Cabaret, 2011-09-08 Molecular epidemiology has recently broaden its focuses due to the development of molecular tools but also by incorporating advances of other fields such as mathematical epidemiology, molecular ecology, population genetics and evolution. Facing new risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that are threats for humans and their livestock, the objectives of molecular epidemiology include: - the development of molecular tools, genotyping and gene expression - the incorporation of concepts and results of population genetics of infectious diseases - the integration of recent advances in theoretical epidemiology and evolutionary ecology of diseases - a better understanding of transmission for the development of risk factors analyses. This book will demonstrate how the latest developments in molecular tools and in epidemiology can be integrated with studies of host-pathogen interactions. Besides a strong theoretical component, there will also be an emphasis on applications in the fields of epidemiology, public health, veterinary medicine, and health ecology. Students and researchers in the fields of epidemiology, animal and human health, evolutionary ecology, parasitology are the main potential readers of the book, as well as a broader audience from veterinary medicine and conservation. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations Pushpam Kumar, 2012-12-20 Human well-being relies critically on ecosystem services provided by nature. Examples include water and air quality regulation, nutrient cycling and decomposition, plant pollination and flood control, all of which are dependent on biodiversity. They are predominantly public goods with limited or no markets and do not command any price in the conventional economic system, so their loss is often not detected and continues unaddressed and unabated. This in turn not only impacts human well-being, but also seriously undermines the sustainability of the economic system. It is against this background that TEEB: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity project was set up in 2007 and led by the United Nations Environment Programme to provide a comprehensive global assessment of economic aspects of these issues. This book, written by a team of international experts, represents the scientific state of the art, providing a comprehensive assessment of the fundamental ecological and economic principles of measuring and valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity, and showing how these can be mainstreamed into public policies. This volume and subsequent TEEB outputs will provide the authoritative knowledge and guidance to drive forward the biodiversity conservation agenda for the next decade. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Understanding Evolution in Darwin's "Origin" Maria Elice Brzezinski Prestes, 2023-10-10 This book aims to encourage the reading of On the Origin of Species and to include it in the teaching of evolution. With a comprehensive overview of the development of Darwin's theory, the volume provides relevant aspects of Darwin's life and work in connection with the broader context of his time. The historical and philosophical analysis, mirrored in the socio-cultural scope, enables the diachronic reading of the text. It is built on various sources of historians and philosophers of science and sheds fresh light on them. Its uniqueness is the broad structure that covers four parts: the pre-Darwinian concepts of species changes; some key elements of Darwin's pursuit of the causes of evolution, from his voyage on Beagle to the publication of his groundbreaking work; chapter-by-chapter analysis of the Origin; and subsequent developments in evolutionary thought. This book is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, scholars in history, philosophy, and sociology of science and science education, as well as the general public. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: The Galapagos Islands Charles Darwin, 1996 |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Genetics and Genetic Engineering Barbara Wexler, 2009-10 Focuses on the social and moral issues surrounding genetics and genetic engineering. |
| what phrase describes macroevolution: Of Pandas and People P. William Davis, 1993 |
Chapter 14 Flashcards - Quizlet
What phrase describes macroevolution? a. the entire collection of genes and their alleles in all populations of a species. b. the process of new species appearing and other species going extinct on Earth over long periods of time. c. speciation and extinction of organisms in the domain Eukarya but not in the domains Bacteria or Archaea.
Macroevolution - Definition, Examples and Quiz - Biology Dictionary
Jun 14, 2017 · Macroevolution refers to the concept of large-scale evolution that occurs at the level of species and above. Macroevolution can be used to describe the differences between two closely related but distinct species, such as the Asian Elephant and the African Elephant, which cannot mate due to the barriers imposed by reproductive isolation.
Macroevolution - Wikipedia
Macroevolution comprises the evolutionary processes and patterns which occur at and above the species level. [1] [2] [3] In contrast, microevolution is evolution occurring within the population(s) of a single species.
Chapter 14 Smartbook Flashcards - Quizlet
What phrase describes macroevolution? changes in allele frequencies within a population. the process of new species appearing and other species going extinct on Earth over long periods of time. speciation and extinction of organisms in the domain Eukarya but not in …
Ch 14 Flashcards - Quizlet
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What phrase describes macroevolution?, Carolus Linnaeus classified species based upon _____ but not upon _____., According to the biological species concept, a species is a …
9.5: Macroevolution - Biology LibreTexts
What Is Macroevolution? Macroevolution is an evolution that occurs at or above the level of the species. It is the result of microevolution taking place over many generations.
Macroevolution
Macroevolution is evolution on a grand scale — what we see when we look at the over-arching history of life: stability, change, lineages arising, and extinction. Here, you can examine the patterns of macroevolution in evolutionary history and find out how scientists investigate deep history.
Chapter 10 Speciation and Macroevolution - Lehigh University
Oct 18, 2020 · “Macroevolution” is contrasted with “microevolution,” 2 evolutionary change within populations, due to migration, selection, mutation, and drift.
4.3: Macroevolution and Speciation - Biology LibreTexts
Aug 15, 2023 · Allopatric speciation, meaning speciation in “other homelands,” involves a geographic separation of populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution. Sympatric speciation, meaning speciation in the “same homeland,” involves speciation occurring within a parent species while remaining in one location.
BIO CH 14 HW Flashcards - Quizlet
What phrase describes macroevolution? Multiple choice question. speciation and extinction of organisms in the domain Eukarya but not in the domains Bacteria or Archaea. the entire collection of genes and their alleles in all populations of a species.
The Unauthorized Guide To IPhone IPad And IPod Repair A …
the woods book club questions what is the gas chamber in basic training what religion are the nuns in call the midwife what is an authors claim what is spectator ions ...
Science Evolution and natural selection Evidence for evolution
Macroevolution, which refers to large-scale changes that occur over extended time periods,such as the formation of new species and groups. • Microevolution, which refers to small-scale …
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
3 • Geologists James Hutton and Charles Lyell perceived that changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow continuous actions still operating today
Foods Not To Eat If You Have Gout (book) www1.goramblers
ghunnah in tajweed what is gatsby doing when nick first sees him what is ph buffer what is politically incorrect humor what is my life without your love george ...
Dazed And Confused Parents Guide (PDF) - archive.ncarb.org
Unveiling the Magic of Words: A Review of "Dazed And Confused Parents Guide" In a world defined by information and interconnectivity, the enchanting power of words has acquired …
Free Body Diagram Worksheet Answers (PDF) ; …
what is afls what is the spirit of prophecy seventh day adventist what phrase describes macroevolution what is russell brand's iq what is mometamax what languages does keanu …
Social Emotional Curriculum With Gifted And Talented …
using. Social Emotional Curriculum With Gifted And Talented Students: what is the geometric mean of 6 and 13 what language do taiwanese people speak what is a partial in music what …
Kaplan Usmle Step 3 Lecture Notes (book) , www1.goramblers
reading level is where the red fern grows what is segmental lean analysis what is a heading in a book what is the code in the game trace what makes a good supervisor ...
The Collectors Teapot Catalog (PDF) - netstumbler.com
The Collectors Teapot Catalog: Teapots by Design Unjeria C. Jackson,2006 Over 445 color photos display a wide range of teapots from antique to
Kalona House Of Night (PDF) www1.goramblers
is camp green lake what is a scoopula used for what phrase describes macroevolution what is the mixed number for 10/3 what is barbicide certified what is the central idea of the tell tale heart ...
Rexroth Dkcxx 3 040 7 Manual Copy - netstumbler.com
Rexroth Dkcxx 3 040 7 Manual 13. Promoting Lifelong Learning Utilizing eBooks for Skill Development Exploring Educational eBooks 14. Embracing eBook Trends
Il Fronteggiamento Del Rischio Di Corruzione Nella …
prospettiva economico-aziendale 33 2.1. La corruzione nella prospettiva economico-aziendale: implicazioni per il management degli enti e delle aziende pubbliche 33 2.2.
Physical Therapy Schools That Accept Low Gpa [PDF] ; …
Physical Therapy Schools That Accept Low Gpa Physical Therapy Schools That Accept Low Gpa: what score do you need to pass the pert test what is ethical use of technology in the …
Which Features Of The Anglo Saxon Culture Are Present In …
Which Features Of The Anglo Saxon Culture Are Present In Beowulf 3 Minimizing Distractions Managing Screen Time 11. Cultivating a Reading Routine Which Features Of The
Cat In A Hat Dr Seuss (Download Only) - www1.goramblers
Cat In A Hat Dr Seuss Cat In A Hat Dr Seuss: what is the chspe what nursing schools require the teas test what language palestine speak what kung fu panda character are you what is pi in …
Books To Read On A Cruise
Books To Read On A Cruise L Towne Reviewing Books To Read On A Cruise: Unlocking the Spellbinding Force of Linguistics In a fast-paced world fueled by information and …
Hockeytrainingcom Reviews [PDF] www1.goramblers
Hockeytrainingcom Reviews Hockeytrainingcom Reviews: what is happy birthday in polish what is irish in spanish what is evaluation in math what is jesus in
Why America Matters - goramblers.org
embarked on this report, Teen Sport in America: Why Participation Matters—which is the first to offer in-depth analysis into how the type of sport
Potato Cake Calories - goramblers.org
Potato Cake Calories Potato Cake Calories downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF).
The Nitrogen Cycle Worksheet Answers Key (2024)
The nitrogen cycle is a crucial biogeochemical process that describes the continuous movement of nitrogen through various reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, soil, and living …
Chapter 5 Anatomy And Physiology - goramblers.org
writing chapter summary stony point library student exploration natural selection stress zone steven universe filler stock index trading room student exploration: measuring volume story
St Bernard Church Springfield Ohio (2023) www1.goramblers
province, a "passenger" list of escaping slaves, and primary and secondary source bibliographies. Some Copeland and Little Families Alice Lucille Harney 1998
Michael Kuzilny Lawyer - goramblers.org
solar neutrino problem what is the extinction vortex what is language of singapore what law promulgated the hazwoper regulation what is eo in aba what is the easiest ...
Sportcraft Ex250 Elliptical Trainer User Guide .pdf
Sportcraft Ex250 Elliptical Trainer User Guide 308 Circuits Jan Buiting 2003 This is the ninth in the 300 series of circuit design books, again
Antonia Lofaso Pasta Recipes - goramblers.org
Antonia Lofaso Pasta Recipes Antonia Lofaso Pasta Recipes: what is the primary value of evidence based nursing practice what is the last step in creating an argumentative
Diana Kendall (2023) ; www1.goramblers
Diana Kendall Diana Kendall downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF). Diana Kendall offer readers the convenience of accessing …
Locus Of Control Internal External - goramblers.org
Locus Of Control Internal External Locus Of Control Internal External downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF).
What Causes Cleft Palate In Third World Countries (PDF)
What Causes Cleft Palate In Third World Countries Herbert K. Cooper,Steven M. Spencer
Licencia En Estados Unidos - goramblers.org
substance x what is the law on abandoned property in kentucky what is the spi exam what language does domingo german speak what is the lowest round of golf ever what ...
Denon 3805 Copy / www1.goramblers
Studio Sound 1996 Denon 3805 downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF). Denon 3805 offer readers the convenience of …
Learning Disabilities And Challenging Behaviour The (PDF) , …
web1 Guideline title. Challenging behaviour and learning disabilities: prevention and interventions for people with learning … webChallenging behaviour and learning disabilities Challenging
Mining Background [PDF] / www1.goramblers
Mining Background Mining Background downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF). Mining Background offer readers the …
555e New Holland (PDF)
555e New Holland: 100 Years of Fordson, Ford and New Holland Tractor Conversions Jonathan Whitlam,2019 New Holland Tractors Jonathan Whitlam,2018-07-15 The first book to cover the …
Study Guide For Revolution Era Unit Test Answers (PDF) / …
what publication contains the military rules of evidence what is a proust scholar what is the lemon law in virginia what role do entrepreneurs play in economics what ...
Evolution and Natural Selection - California State University, …
B. The Modern Synthesis describes how evolutionary pressure, such as natural selection, can affect a population's genetic makeup, and, in turn, how this can result in the gradual evolutions …
Steel In The Industrial Revolution (book) , www1.goramblers
Steel In The Industrial Revolution Steel In The Industrial Revolution downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF).
Who Is Ayi Kwei Armah (book)
novels feature themes of Afrocentrism and are noted for their modernistic prose Some of Armah s works include The Festival Syndrome Doctor Kamilkaze and Two Thousand ...
Joseph Conrad The Shadow Line (book) - www1.goramblers
tool shown asvab what language is minecraft java written in what is a human rights consultant what language is spoken in new caledonia what is hbl in the army what ...
Macroevolution: Introduction and Preliminary Concepts - ISU
Course Goals • Understand patterns of diversity in the fossil record, and changes in that diversity over time • Understand macroevolutionary patterns and processes, and the difference between
Walla Walla Sale Copy - www1.goramblers
Walla Walla Sale Dishing Up the Dirt Andrea Bemis 2017-03-14 Some recipes are dreamed up in the kitchen. Others are dished up from the dirt. For Andrea Bemis,
Electricians Code Atomic Heart - goramblers.org
Electricians Code Atomic Heart BASIC ELECTRICITY 101 - University of Nebraska–Linc… U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and He… Electrical Workers Safety Handbook - …
Quit Claim Deed Form Texas Copy - netstumbler.com
Recognizing the pretension ways to get this book Quit Claim Deed Form Texas is additionally useful. You have remained in right site to start getting this info. get the Quit Claim Deed Form …
Read The Diary Of A Wimpy Kid [PDF] ; www1.goramblers
actinic keratosis milady what is ar lead ed train 1 what language is spoken in uae what method is best for purifying water bowhunter what is hoax by taylor swift ...
John Deere Amt 600 Manual (2023) - www1.goramblers
John Deere 190 Lawn and Garden Tractor Technical Service Repair Manual 2005-01-15 John Deere Amt 600 Manual: what show is on grit right now what is wacky wednesday what lives in …
Practice Lifeguard Test - goramblers.org
korean language what is one main purpose of science fiction apex what is the american dream in of mice and men what should be the first step in the writing process ...
Fwb Library (PDF) / www1.goramblers
market effectively inside intimidating social media channels, where honesty and connections are far more important than the size of their marketing budget.
MicrocliMate and local cliMate - Cambridge University Press …
and net radiation. chapter 5 describes the energy balance components – soil heat flux, momentum and mass exchange, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and advective effects. …
Mourning The Death Of A Parent Copy , www1.goramblers
Mourning The Death Of A Parent Mourning The Death Of A Parent downloads refer to the process of acquiring digital copies of books in Portable Document Format (PDF).
A Simple Model to Think about the Evolutionary Rate in …
target phrase, "Methinks it is like a weasel." If the phrase is typed correctly, the experiment ends. If the sentence typed is different from the target, it makes another trial of 28 characters and so …
Que Es La Teologia Biblica - netstumbler.com
Unveiling the Power of Verbal Art: An Psychological Sojourn through Que Es La Teologia Biblica In a world inundated with screens and the cacophony of immediate connection, the profound …
