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WAIS-IV Score Interpretation: Understanding Your IQ Test Results
Understanding your WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition) score can be both exciting and daunting. This comprehensive guide will demystify the WAIS-IV score interpretation process, offering clear explanations of the various scores, their significance, and what they can – and cannot – tell you about your cognitive abilities. We'll delve into the intricacies of Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Index Scores, and subtest scores, equipping you with the knowledge to interpret your results effectively. Let's unlock the secrets of your WAIS-IV report!
Understanding the Structure of WAIS-IV Scores
The WAIS-IV isn't simply a single number representing overall intelligence. Instead, it provides a rich tapestry of scores that offer a more nuanced understanding of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. The key components you'll encounter are:
1. Full Scale IQ (FSIQ): The Big Picture
The FSIQ is the overall intelligence quotient, representing a general cognitive ability. It's the most commonly discussed score, often summarized as a single number (e.g., 115). However, relying solely on the FSIQ can be misleading, as it doesn't capture the complexities of individual cognitive processes. Remember, a single FSIQ score represents a composite of multiple cognitive skills.
2. Index Scores: Diving Deeper into Cognitive Abilities
The WAIS-IV goes beyond the FSIQ by providing four Index Scores, each representing a specific cognitive domain:
Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI): Measures verbal reasoning, knowledge, and comprehension abilities. This index assesses your understanding and use of language.
Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI): Assesses visual-spatial processing, fluid reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. This focuses on non-verbal reasoning skills.
Working Memory Index (WMI): Evaluates short-term memory and the ability to manipulate information mentally. This tests your ability to hold and process information in your mind.
Processing Speed Index (PSI): Measures the speed and efficiency of visual-motor processing and cognitive processing speed. This indicates how quickly you can process information.
3. Subtest Scores: Uncovering Specific Strengths and Weaknesses
Each Index Score is derived from several subtests. Analyzing these subtest scores provides a more detailed picture of your cognitive profile, revealing specific strengths and weaknesses within each cognitive domain. For example, a high score on the Similarities subtest (part of the VCI) might suggest excellent abstract reasoning skills. A low score on the Coding subtest (part of the PSI) could indicate challenges with visual-motor speed.
Interpreting Your WAIS-IV Scores: Beyond the Numbers
Interpreting WAIS-IV scores requires professional expertise. While this guide provides foundational information, it's crucial to remember that self-interpretation can be unreliable and potentially misleading. A psychologist or qualified professional is best equipped to:
Consider the context: Factors like age, education, and cultural background can influence scores. A professional considers these variables during interpretation.
Identify patterns: Analyzing the relationship between different scores reveals a comprehensive cognitive profile, rather than focusing solely on individual numbers.
Provide meaningful feedback: A professional can translate the complex numerical data into understandable and actionable information, guiding you towards personalized strategies for improvement or support.
Differentiate normal variation from clinical significance: The professional can assess whether any discrepancies within the scores indicate potential cognitive impairments requiring further assessment.
Understanding Percentile Ranks and Standard Scores
WAIS-IV scores are typically presented as both standard scores (with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15) and percentile ranks. Understanding these metrics is crucial for accurate interpretation:
Standard Scores: These scores allow for comparisons across different age groups and test administrations. A score of 100 represents the average, while scores above 100 indicate above-average performance, and scores below 100 indicate below-average performance.
Percentile Ranks: These indicate the percentage of individuals in the standardization sample who scored at or below a given score. For example, a percentile rank of 75 means that the individual scored higher than 75% of the sample.
Conclusion
The WAIS-IV is a powerful tool for assessing cognitive abilities, but its interpretation requires careful consideration and professional expertise. While understanding the basic components of the score report – FSIQ, Index Scores, and subtest scores – is valuable, relying on self-interpretation is strongly discouraged. Always consult a qualified professional for a comprehensive and accurate interpretation of your WAIS-IV results.
FAQs
1. Can I use online WAIS-IV score interpreters? While online tools might offer basic information, they cannot replace the professional judgment of a qualified psychologist or neuropsychologist. Online interpretation lacks the context and nuance needed for accurate assessment.
2. What constitutes a "good" WAIS-IV score? There's no single definition of a "good" score. A score above 130 is often considered gifted, while a score below 70 might indicate intellectual disability. However, the interpretation must consider individual context and other factors.
3. How frequently should I take the WAIS-IV? The WAIS-IV isn't typically administered repeatedly unless there's a specific clinical reason (e.g., monitoring cognitive changes due to illness or injury).
4. Does a low score on one index mean I'm less intelligent? No. The WAIS-IV assesses multiple cognitive domains. A low score in one area doesn't diminish overall intelligence; it simply highlights specific areas for potential support or development.
5. Can the WAIS-IV predict future success? While the WAIS-IV provides valuable insights into cognitive abilities, it doesn't predict future success definitively. Other factors such as motivation, personality, and environmental influences also significantly contribute to achievement.
| wais iv score interpretation: WAIS-III David Wechsler, 1997 |
| wais iv score interpretation: WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation Lawrence G. Weiss, Donald H. Saklofske, Diane Coalson, Susan Engi Raiford, 2010-06-22 Published in August of 2008, WAIS–IV is the most widely used intelligence test for adults in the world. Substantive changes were made to the WAIS-IV from the WAIS-III leaving clinicians with questions as to how to use and interpret the measure effectively. Written by the creators of the new test, this book serves as the ultimate insider's guide to the new test, providing users with the kind of access to norms and data that would be unavailable to any subsequent book on clinical use of this measure. The book discusses the changes made between 3rd and 4th editions along with an FAQ and answers about use and interpretation. The reader is instructed how to interpret composite scores, and everything needed to use and interpret two entirely new composite scores: the General Ability Index (GAI), and the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI). This information does NOT appear in the manual accompanying the test. The second section of the book focuses on WAIS–IV use and interpretation with special clinical applications and populations, including with multicultural clients, in neuropsychological settings, with individuals experiencing psychological disorders, and with older adults. The editors and chapter authors have exclusive access to proprietary WAIS–IV data to run advanced analyses and provide information beyond what is offered in the WAIS-IV manual. - Provides practical advice on scoring and administration - Facilitates understanding WAIS-IV use with special populations - Describes use of the WAIS-IV with WMS-II |
| wais iv score interpretation: WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and ACS James A. Holdnack, Lisa Drozdick, Lawrence G. Weiss, Grant L. Iverson, 2013-06-20 This book provides users of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) with information on applying the WAIS-IV, including additional indexes and information regarding use in special populations for advanced clinical use and interpretation. The book offers sophisticated users of the WAIS-IV and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV) guidelines on how to enhance the clinical applicability of these tests. The first section of the book provides an overview of the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and new Advanced Clinical Solutions for Use with the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV (ACS). In this section, examiners will learn: - Normal versus atypical score variability - Low-score prevalence in healthy adults versus clinical populations - Assessing whether poor performance reflects a decline in function or is the result of suboptimal effort New social cognition measures found in the ACS are also presented. The second part focuses on applying the topics in the first section to specific clinical conditions, including recommended protocols for specific clientele (e.g. using demographically adjusted norms when evaluating individuals with brain injury). Common clinical conditions are discussed, including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury, and more. Each chapter provides case examples applying all three test batteries and using report examples as they are obtained from the scoring assistant. Finally, the use of the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV and the ACS in forensic settings is presented. - Coverage of administration and scoring of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS - Information contained on the use of WAIS-IV with special populations - Case studies in each chapter - Written by the creators of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of WAIS-IV Assessment Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Alan S. Kaufman, 2009-07-31 Essentials of WAIS®-IV Assessment: Complete coverage of administration, scoring,interpretation, and reporting Expert advice on avoiding common pitfalls Conveniently formatted for rapid reference Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently administer, score, and interpret the WAIS®-IV Coauthored by Alan Kaufman, who was mentored by David Wechsler, the creator of the Wechsler scales, Essentials of WAIS®-IV Assessment provides beginning and seasoned clinicians with comprehensive step-by-step guidelines to administering, scoring, and interpreting this latest revision of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale®. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health practitioners quickly acquire the basic knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of a major psychological assessment instrument. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Offering a clinically rich and innovative theory-based interpretive system, as well as a neuro-psychologically based interpretive approach articulated in detail by Dr. George McCloskey in an invited chapter, this book offers state-of-the-art interpretation of the most popular intelligence test for adults. In addition, the book is packaged with an accompanying CD-ROM containing scoring tables, case report material, worksheets, and a user-friendly software program that fully automates the interpretive system, making Essentials of WAIS®-IV Assessment the best and most authoritative resource of information on this test. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file. |
| wais iv score interpretation: WISC-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation Aurelio Prifitera, Donald H. Saklofske, Lawrence G. Weiss, 2005 Publisher Description |
| wais iv score interpretation: WISC-IV Advanced Clinical Interpretation Lawrence G. Weiss, Donald H. Saklofske, Aurelio Prifitera, James A. Holdnack, 2006-05-18 For both experienced psychologists and graduate students, WISC-IV Advanced Clinical Interpretation moves quickly through the essentials of WISC-IV interpretation and onto an insightful analysis of the major cognitive domains assessed by WISC-IV. It is the intention of the editors to raise the standard of practice from a simplistic 'test-label-place' model to a clinical model of assessing to understand and intervene. In the first chapter, the reader is presented with a comprehensive array of societal and home environment factors for which there is empirical evidence indicating their impact on the development of children's cognitive abilities, and ultimately their scores on intelligence tests. Subsequent chapters address issues related to the assessment of cognitive abilities that compose 'g', with special emphasis on the clinical correlates of working memory and processing speed from both neuropsychological and cognitive information processing perspectives. Each new chapter builds on material presented in previous chapters and progresses the reader purposefully through deeper levels of understanding of WISC-IV and cognitive assessment in general. Two chapters explicate the processing approach to interpretation that is the corner stone of the WISC-IV Integrated. A further chapter addresses the interpretation of WISC-IV findings within the context of other instruments as part of a full psychological evaluation. The final chapter provides an extensive case example of how to write psychological evaluation reports from a child-centered rather than a score-centered perspective that can have transforming impact on parents and teachers approach to the child. Overall, these four authors are the architects of a masterful new book on advanced WISC-IV interpretation from a clinical perspective, Together with the complimentary book, WISC-IV Clinical Assessment and Intervention, Second Edition these books provide the complete spectrum of information needed by all psychologists who use the WISC-IV in clinical practice. - The Wechsler scale is the most widely used assessment of children's intelligence - Authored by assessment experts including Harcourt Assessment staff with exclusive data on the WISC-IV - Discusses interpretation of 4 index scores of WISC-IV - Examines the WISC-IV in relation to other frequently used psychological tests - Describes the importance of the WISC-IV integrated in clinical assessment - Predicts scholastic achievement based on WISC-IV subtest scores - Discusses modification of score interpretation based on culture, SES, & other contextual factors |
| wais iv score interpretation: WISC-V Lawrence G. Weiss, Donald H. Saklofske, James A. Holdnack, Aurelio Prifitera, 2019-01-22 WISC-V: Clinical Use and Interpretation, Second Edition provides practical information for clinicians on the selection of subtest measures, along with their proper administration and interpretation. Full Scale IQ is identified as important for predicting relevant behaviors and primary index scores for characterizing the child's strengths and weaknesses. Classroom indicators of low scores on each of these abilities are identified, with suggested interventions, accommodations and instructional strategies for low scorers. Coverage includes ethnic differences for the Full Scale IQ and each primary index score, along with evidence of the profound influence of parental attitudes and expectations. Several other societal and contextual factors relevant to understanding racial/ethnic differences are presented. Two chapters review use of the WISC-V for identifying learning disabilities, testing of individuals with dyslexia, and best-practice recommendations to ensure accurate diagnosis and intervention. Concluding chapters describe advances in the Q-interactive system platform allowing administration of the WISC-V on iPads and other tablets, and how clinicians can tailor assessment using select WISC-V subtests and features. - Authored by the creators of the WISC-V - Describes the new subtests, revised test structure and test extensions - Advises clinicians on test selection - Provides test result interpretation - Discusses clinical applications of test use |
| wais iv score interpretation: Assessment with the WAIS-IV Jerome M. Sattler, Joseph J. Ryan, 2009 Assessment with the WAIS-IV is designed as both a teaching text and a reference source for students and professionals. The text provides an in-depth analysis of a major instrument useful for the cognitive assessment of older adolescents and adults.--Preface. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Clinician's Guide to Psychological Assessment and Testing John M. Spores, PhD, JD, 2012-09-18 Overall, this is an excellent guide to the use and administration of psychological tests. It provides straightforward directions and instructions on how to utilize testing in such a way as to better inform clinical practice. I could see this book as a mainstay on any counselorís bookshelf, especially those who are seeking a way to utilize standardized testing in their practice.--The Professional Counselor Journal ìFinally, a detailed and crystal clear guide to psychological assessment that effectively integrates 'best practices' with the realities of negotiating the mental health care system and insurance providers. I plan to draw on this practical guide in my private practice and to incorporate it as a required text in my advanced counseling assessment classes at both the masterís and doctoral level. This book is a treasure for any mental health professional involved in psychological assessment.î Joseph G. Ponterotto, PhD Professor of Counseling Psychology, Fordham University Standardized psychological testing is often essential for reliably determining the presence of a wide range of psychiatric and personality disorders, along with effectively addressing related issues that may require a psychological referral. This nuts-and-bolts guide to conducting efficient and accurate psychological testing in clinical settings provides mental health professionals with experienced guidance in the entire process, and includes a complete set of forms and templates for all aspects of assessment and testing, from the initial referral and diagnostic interview to the final report. Based on the authorís experience with over two thousand psychological and neuropsychological testing cases, this highly practical book presents a standardized process of assessment, testing, interpretation, report-writing, and presenting feedback to patients, family members, and other professionals. Actual case examples of patients from a wide age range illustrate the assessment and testing process in action. The text provides printed and electronic versions of referral and related forms, initial psychological assessment report templates that include critical areas of coverage for obtaining insurance approval, and interpretation tables for an exceptional inventory of key standardized psychological tests. Integral to the book is a review of psychological tests in seven key categories that most effectively address differential diagnostic dilemmas and related referral questions that clinicians are likely to encounter in practice. It also provides effective strategies for selecting the appropriate tests based on the particular diagnostic questions, guidance for successfully obtaining insurance approval for a targeted yet feasible number of testing hours, and an efficient system for simultaneous test interpretation and report writing. Key Features: Includes an overview of the assessment process, from the initial referral to completion of the final report Features effective reviews of commonly used tests, including neuropsychological, intelligence, personality, and behavioral inventories Includes print and digital templates and forms for all phases of assessment and testing Aids clinicians in both private practice and other health care settings to work within managed care and be effectively reimbursed for services Includes information on conducting forensic competency to stand trial assessments, including the authorís new measure of assessing a defendantís understanding of the legal system |
| wais iv score interpretation: Contemporary Intellectual Assessment, Third Edition Dawn P. Flanagan, Patti L. Harrison, 2012-01-24 In one volume, this authoritative reference presents a current, comprehensive overview of intellectual and cognitive assessment, with a focus on practical applications. Leaders in the field describe major theories of intelligence and provide the knowledge needed to use the latest measures of cognitive abilities with individuals of all ages, from toddlers to adults. Evidence-based approaches to test interpretation, and their relevance for intervention, are described. The book addresses critical issues in assessing particular populations—including culturally and linguistically diverse students, gifted students, and those with learning difficulties and disabilities—in today's educational settings. New to This Edition*Incorporates major research advances and legislative and policy changes.*Covers recent test revisions plus additional tests: the NEPSY-II and the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability.*Expanded coverage of specific populations: chapters on autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, sensory and physical disabilities and traumatic brain injury, and intellectual disabilities.*Chapters on neuropsychological approaches, assessment of executive functions, and multi-tiered service delivery models in schools. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of WMS-IV Assessment Lisa W. Drozdick, James A. Holdnack, Robin C. Hilsabeck, 2011-01-13 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need toconfidently administer, score, and interpret the WMS®-IV Complete coverage of administration, scoring,interpretation, and reporting Expert advice on avoiding common pitfalls Conveniently formatted for rapid reference The most recent revision of one of the most popular memory assessment instruments, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS®-IV) is a widely used measure of memory functioning, which is particularly useful in the assessment of individuals with dementia, traumatic brain injury, and substance abuse problems, among others. Professionals need an authoritative source on administration, scoring, and interpretation in order to use this test properly. Written by the test developers for the WMS®-IV, Essentials of WMS®-IV Assessment is that source. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health professionals, and those in training, quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Integrating WMS®-IV data with the WAIS®-IV and other measures of cognitive ability and memory for adults, Essentials of WMS®-IV Assessment now includes four new subtests and a revised index structure. The authors also offer expert assessment of the test's relative strengths and weaknesses, valuable advice on its clinical applications, and several illuminating case studies. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Handbook of Psychological Assessment Gary Groth-Marnat, 2009-10-20 The most highly acclaimed and complete reference work on psychological assessment-fully updated and expanded Covering principles of assessment, evaluation, referral, treatment planning, and report writing, the latest edition of Gary Groth-Marnat's landmark Handbook of Psychological Assessment has been thoroughly revised and expanded. Written in a practical, skills-based manner, this classic resource offers coverage of the most widely used assessment instruments and has been updated to include new material and cover tests that are growing in popularity, such as brief assessment instruments. Handbook of Psychological Assessment also provides guidance on the most efficient methods for selecting and administering tests, how to interpret assessment data, and how to integrate test scores and develop treatment plans as well as instruction on ways in which to write effective, client-oriented, problem-solving psychological reports. The Fifth Edition provides thorough coverage of the most commonly used assessment instruments including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), California Psychology Inventory (CPI), Rorschach, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), Thematic Apperception Test, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), brief assessment instruments, clinical interviewing, and behavioral assessment. In addition, this Fifth Edition includes: Updates on the new WAIS-IV, WISC-IV, and WMS-IV An increased emphasis on diversity A focus on screening for neuropsychological impairment, including coverage of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Coverage of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form New information on client feedback and consultation An updated chapter on psychological report writing, including new examples of psychological reports Organized according to the sequence mental health professionals follow when conducting an assessment, Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Fifth Edition is a practical, valuable reference for professionals looking to stay current as well as for students looking for the most thorough and trusted resource covering the field of psychological assessment. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Handbook of Psychology, Assessment Psychology Irving B. Weiner, John R. Graham, Jack A. Naglieri, 2012-10-16 Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology. |
| wais iv score interpretation: A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests Elisabeth Sherman, Marianne Hrabok, 2023-04-25 The Compendium is an essential guidebook for selecting the right test for specific clinical situations and for helping clinicians make empirically supported test interpretations. BL Revised and updated BL Over 85 test reviews of well-known neuropsychological tests and scales for adults BL Includes tests of premorbid estimation, dementia screening, IQ, attention, executive functioning, memory, language, visuospatial skills, sensory function, motor skills, performance validity, and symptom validity BL Covers basic and advanced aspects of neuropsychological assessment including psychometric principles, reliability, test validity, and performance/symptom validity testing |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests Susan R. Homack, Cecil R. Reynolds, 2007-02-02 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently administer, score, and interpret various brief intelligence tests Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests efficiently presents, in the popular Essentials format, concise information on the range of brief intelligence tests that are used most often in school and clinical practices and provides an overview and definition of brief intelligence testing as well as its uses and limitations. Sample evaluations using brief intelligence tests are also included. This compact and easy-to-use book includes coverage of: * The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-Second Edition (KBIT-2) * Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test (RIST) * Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) * Wide Range Intelligence Test (WRIT) As part of the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this volume provides information mental health professionals need to practice knowledgably, efficiently, and ethically in today's behavioral healthcare environment. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as Test Yourself questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests includes vital, yet succinct, information on the four most commonly used brief intelligence tests and equips clinicians including school psychologists, clinical psychologists, and learning specialists with the knowledge and skills to make optimal use of these important tests. Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) Assessment Essentials of WISC?-IV Assessment Essentials of WIAT?-II and KTEA-II Assessment Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment Essentials of WJ III Cognitive Abilities Assessment Essentials of WJ III Tests of Achievement Assessment Essentials of WPPSI-III Assessment Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment Essentials of KABC-II Assessment Essentials of NEPSY? Assessment Essentials of Assessment Report Writing Essentials of WMS?-III Assessment |
| wais iv score interpretation: Contemporary Intellectual Assessment Dawn P. Flanagan, Erin M. McDonough, 2022-12-05 This leading practitioner reference and text--now in a revised and expanded fourth edition--provides the knowledge needed to use state-of-the-art cognitive tests with individuals of all ages, from preschoolers to adults. The volume examines major theories and tests of intelligence (in chapters written by the theorists and test developers themselves) and presents research-based approaches to test interpretation. Contributors address critical issues in evaluating culturally and linguistically diverse students, gifted students, and those with intellectual disability, sensory–motor impairments, traumatic brain injuries, and learning difficulties and disabilities. The fourth edition highlights the use of cognitive test results in planning school-based interventions. New to This Edition *Complete coverage of new or updated tests: WPPSI-IV, WISC-V, WISC-V Integrated, WJ IV, ECAD, CAS2, RIAS-2, KABC-II Normative Update, and UNIT2. *Chapters on cutting-edge approaches to identifying specific learning disabilities and reading disorders. *Chapters on brain imaging, neuropsychological intervention in schools, adult intellectual development, and DSM-5 criteria for learning disorders. *Updated chapters on theories of intelligence, their research base, and their clinical utility in guiding cognitive and neuropsychological assessment practice. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment Dawn P. Flanagan, Samuel O. Ortiz, Vincent C. Alfonso, 2007-04-06 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently conduct Cross-Battery Assessment The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Cross-Battery assessment approach (also referred to as the XBA approach) is a time-efficient assessment method grounded solidly in contemporary psychometric theory and research. The XBA approach systematically integrates data across cognitive and achievement batteries, enabling mental health professionals to expand their traditional assessments to more comprehensively address referral concerns. This approach also includes guidelines for identification of specific learning disabilities and assessing cognitive capabilities of culturally and linguistically diverse individuals. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this volume is designed to help busy mental health professionals quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as Test Yourself questions that help you to gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Second Edition is updated to include the latest edition of cognitive ability tests, including KABC-II, SB5, WISC-IV, WPPSI-III, DAS-II, WAIS-III, and WJ III COG as well as the most current comprehensive achievement tests, such as WJ III ACH, KTEA-II, and WIAT-II. A new chapter demonstrates the use of the XBA approach in assessing learning disabilities in a manner consistent with the recent reauthorization of IDEA. This book now includes a CD-ROM that contains three programs that allow you to enter data and review results: the Cross-Battery Assessment Data Management and Interpretive Assistant (XBA DMIA) v1.0; the Specific Learning Disability (SLD) Assistant v1.0; and the Culture-Language Interpretive Matrix (C-LIM) v1.0. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Social Work Policy Practice Cynthia J. Rocha, 2007-04-20 A concise overview of the policy practice information social workers need to advocate for policy changes within an organization and at local, state, and national levels Given the nature of their work, social workers must understand social problems and the ways social welfare policies are established. Written by a leading expert in social work policy, Essentials of Social Work Policy Practice presents specific tactics for policy practice as well as instructions on how to implement it at several different organizational and government levels. Focusing on developing skills, Essentials of Social Work Policy Practice is a practical resource that includes step-by-step guidelines for putting a plan into action and working efficiently within a system. Techniques are presented for handling a number of related topics including effective interpersonal communication and participation, utilizing technology and the media in policy practice, creating change within organizations, and many more. As part of the Essentials of Social Work Practice series, this book is an indispensable resource that offers a concise yet thorough overview of policy practice, numerous tips for best practices, and valuable advice that must be at one's fingertips to practice knowledgeably, effectively, and ethically. Each chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, case examples, and extensive illustrative material, as well as vignettes that promote critical thinking around policy practice planning. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of 16PF Assessment Heather E. P. Cattell, James M. Schuerger, 2003-09-19 Complete coverage of the widely used 16PF measure of personality Essentials of 16PF Assessment is a valuable guide to administering, scoring, and interpreting this popular measure of normal personality. Using the proven Essentials format, Cattell and Schuerger clearly describe how to use the instrument; provide critical information about its validity and reliability; and include helpful guidelines for using the instrument effectively with individuals, couples, and families, in settings ranging from clinical and forensic to corporate environments and other workplaces. Essentials of 16PF Assessment provides comprehensive coverage of test administration, scoring, and interpretation. As well, this informative resource provides expert assessment of the method's relative strengths and weaknesses, valuable advice on its clinical applications, and illuminating sample cases. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy professionals quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of a major psychological assessment inst rument. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your understanding of the information covered. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of PAI Assessment Leslie C. Morey, 2003-03-17 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently administer, score, and interpret the PAI The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) provides critical information for psychologists about a client's psychopathology and constructs for effective treatment. To use this test properly, professionals need an authoritative source of advice and guidance on how to administer, score, and interpret the test. Written by the developer and foremost authority on the PAI, Essentials of PAI Assessment is that source. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health professionals quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Essentials of PAI Assessment is the only concise book of its kind to provide state-of-the-art interpretive and administrative guidelines to using this popular self-administered personality test. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Temperament Assessment Diana Joyce, 2010-03-01 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to effectively conduct a comprehensive temperament assessment Understanding temperament has the potential to better inform treatment and intervention choices as well as promote awareness for qualities that are somewhat malleable. Essentials of Temperament Assessment presents balanced coverage of those instruments that directly measure temperament qualities in adults and children. This guide enables mental health professionals to select the method that best fits the situations, groups of people, and programs that are involved. With an overview of clinical applications of temperament assessments, Essentials of Temperament Assessment gathers as many resources as possible to enable professionals to make their own judgment about the most appropriate temperament assessments, including: New York Longitudinal Scales Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) Carey Temperament Scales (CTS) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) Student Styles Questionnaire (SSQ) Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health professionals, and those in training, quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Offering a myriad of ways to assess temperament, Essentials of Temperament Assessment arms professionals with the most appropriate technique or combination of techniques for their particular temperament assessment purposes. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of WRAML2 and TOMAL-2 Assessment Wayne Adams, Cecil R. Reynolds, 2008-11-03 Essentials of WRAML2 and TOMAL-2 Assessment introduces professionals to these two widely used memory measurement batteries, both of which measure memory and are used to supplement evaluations of ADHD and reading problems in youngsters, as well as a number of other disorders across the age span. Written by Wayne Adams and Cecil Reynolds, this essential reference provides administration guidelines, including procedural suggestions and solutions for common problems examiners may encounter; expert assessment of each test?s relative strengths and weaknesses; valuable advice on clinical applications; and illuminating case reports. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Creativity Assessment James C. Kaufman, Jonathan A. Plucker, John Baer, 2008-07-10 Discover practical, step-by-step instructions for accurately and effectively assessing creativity with Essentials of Creativity Assessment, a guide that provides useful information about using solid theoretical and research-based evidence for creativity assessment. Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to effectively assess creativity, a popular measure of cognitive ability correlated with intelligence. Receive an overview of the wide variety of assessments that can be used to gauge creativity, enabling you to select the creativity assessment method that best fits the situations, groups of people, and programs that are involved. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Dyslexia Assessment and Intervention Nancy Mather, Barbara J. Wendling, 2011-09-20 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to effectively understand, assess, and treat individuals struggling with dyslexia Essentials of Dyslexia Assessment and Intervention provides practical, step-by-step information on accurately identifying, assessing, and using evidence-based interventions with individuals with dyslexia. Addressing the components that need to be considered in the assessment of dyslexia—both cognitive and academic—this book includes descriptions of the various tests used in a comprehensive dyslexia assessment along with detailed, evidence-based interventions that professionals and parents can use to help individuals struggling with dyslexia. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Providing an in-depth look at dyslexia, this straightforward book presents information that will prepare school psychologists, neuropsychologists, educational diagnosticians, special education teachers, as well as general education teachers, to recognize, assess, and provide effective treatment programs for dyslexia. The book is also a good resource for parents who are helping a child with dyslexia. A practical guide to understanding, assessing, and helping individuals who have dyslexia Expert advice and tips throughout Conveniently formatted for rapid reference Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of Assessment Report Writing Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventions Essentials of Response to Intervention Essentials of Processing Assessment Essentials of Conners Behavior Assessments Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of WISC-IV Assessment, Second Edition |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson, 2014-05-19 Essentials of WPPSI™-IV Assessment Psychology Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to expertly administer, score, and interpret the WPPSI™-IV Anyone who assesses young children is familiar with the challenges of obtaining accurate and adequate test data. In Essentials of WPPSI™-IV Assessment, the research directors who developed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence™-Fourth Edition offer an insider’s perspective on its conceptualization, development, administration, and scoring. The authors’ flexible interpretive approach describes performance in both normative and intrapersonal contexts and enables interpretive case formulations from multiple theoretical and clinical perspectives. Designed to help busy practitioners and school psychologists quickly acquire the expertise they need to make optimal use of the WPPSI™-IV, each concise chapter features end-of-chapter test questions and Rapid Reference, Caution, and Don’t Forget boxes that are hallmark features of the Essentials series. The authors also include new “Behind the Scenes” boxes that provide unprecedented insight into the test development process. The website provides helpful tools to enhance WPPSI™-IV administration and report writing, interpretive tables, and normative data for a number of index scores not available within the published test. The website also includes the WPPSI™-IV Interpretive Assistant 1.0, a scoring software that calculates norms for the additional index scores and walks the practitioner through the authors’ interpretive approach. Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of WIAT®-III and KTEA-II Assessment Essentials of Processing Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Third Edition Visit us on the Web at: www.wiley.com/psychology |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Forensic Psychological Assessment Marc J. Ackerman, 2010-04-26 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently administer, score, and interpret the key assessment instruments used by forensic psychologists Mental health professionals are frequently called on to perform forensic assessments for a wide variety of court cases. To use these instruments properly, professionals need an authoritative source of advice and guidance on how to administer, score, and interpret them. Now fully revised and in a second edition, Essentials of Forensic Psychological Assessment is that source. The Second Edition is completely updated to reflect current research and theory in the field, including the most recent codes and standards published by the American Psychological Association. In addition, this volume offers updated coverage of the most frequently used instruments in forensic psychological assessments, including the MMPI®-2 and MMPI-2-RF, PAI®, Rorschach®, ASPECT, and various neuropsychological assessment instruments. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health practitioners, and those in training, quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Written by a noted forensic psychologist, the Second Edition offers in-depth coverage of maltreatment and domestic violence, as well as the assessment of recidivism, fitness to stand trial, civil commitment, substance abuse assessment, custody evaluations, personal injury assessments, and many other aspects of forensic mental health practice. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Millon Inventories Assessment Stephen Strack, 2008-03-03 Fully revised and updated, Essentials of Millon Inventories Assessment, Third Edition will help readers to quickly acquire the knowledge and skills needed to confidently administer, score, and interpret the full battery of Millon personality assessment tests. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) Assessment Gale H. Roid, R. Andrew Barram, 2004-08-30 Essentials of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales(SB5) Assessment provides comprehensive instructions on optimal use of the Stanford-Binet, including helpful step-by-step administration, scoring, and interpretation guidelines. Using the popular Essentials format, this handy resource also covers test strengths and weaknesses, reliability, and validity, and describes clinical applications of its use. Students in courses on psychological assessment and appraisal will find this to be an indispensable tool to understanding and utilizing this popular measure of intelligence. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Counseling Assessment and Evaluation Joshua C. Watson, Brandé Flamez, 2014-08-06 Designed to help students learn how to assess clients, conduct treatment planning, and evaluate client outcomes, Counseling Assessment and Evaluation addresses specific CACREP competencies. Incorporating case studies and examples, authors Joshua C. Watson and Brandé Flamez provide foundational knowledge for sound formal and informal assessments, cover ethical and legal considerations in assessment, describe basic statistical concepts, highlight the domains in which assessments are commonly used (intelligence, aptitude, achievement, personality, career, etc.), and provide strategies for integrating assessment data when working with clients. “Watson and Flamez have captured the essence of the assessment process in their new book. Through rich case illustrations and the authors’ deep knowledge of the subject, readers are provided the most current trends and reflections on the assessment process.” —Bill McHenry, Texas A&M University–Texarkana “The text is very straightforward and easy to read. It encourages students to apply what they are learning through case illustrations and guided practice exercises.” —Wendy Killam, Stephen F. Austin State University “Watson and Flamez provide the reader with an engaging discussion of the fundamentals of counseling assessment and evaluation. ?—Mark W. Dewalt, Winthrop University “The case illustrations and the practice exercises are exceptional and go a long way toward making the material accessible. Case examples in the body of the text are also well done.” —Patricia Andersen, Midwestern State University |
| wais iv score interpretation: Clinical Integration of Neuropsychological Test Results Charles J. Golden, Ryan Bennett, 2024-09-13 The interpretation of neuropsychological tests is a complex process which requires recognition of the multiple skills required to complete even the simplest tests. The purpose of this volume is to explore the various interpretive strategies used with a wide variety of commonly used tests in order to see beyond the skills suggested by the test title. By integrating these possible interpretations across multiple tests, the neuropsychologist can pinpoint those deficits which lie at the core of a client’s pattern of test results. It is intended for both professionals and for students starting to learn the clinical practice of neuropsychology. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Intelligent Testing with the WISC-V Alan S. Kaufman, Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson, 2015-12-29 Interpret the WISC–V to help diagnose learning disabilities and to translate profiles of test scores to educational action The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fifth Edition (WISC–V) is a valuable tool for assessing children and adolescents with learning disorders—and Intelligent Testing with the WISC–V offers the comprehensive guidance you need to administer, score, and interpret WISC–V profiles for informing diagnoses and making meaningful educational recommendations. This essential resource provides you with cutting-edge expertise on how to interpret the WISC–V, which has an expanded test structure, additional subtests, and an array of new composites. Intelligent Testing offers valuable advice from experienced professionals with regard to clinically applying the WISC–V in an effort to understand a child's strengths and weaknesses—and to create a targeted, appropriate intervention plan. Ultimately, this book equips you with the information you need to identify the best theory-based methods for interpreting each child's profile of test scores within the context of his or her background and behaviors. Intelligent Testing provides a strong theoretical basis for interpreting the WISC–V from several vantage points, such as neuropsychological processing theory and the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model, yet it permits you to interpret children's profiles using simple, straightforward steps. The most frequently used IQ test in the world, the WISC–V (like previous versions of the WISC) plays an integral role in evaluating children for learning and intellectual disabilities, developmental and language delays, and gifted and talented classifications. As such, understanding how to use the latest version of WISC is extremely important when assessing children and adolescents ages 6 to 16 years. Explore all aspects of both the conventional WISC–V and WISC–V Digital Read objective, independent test reviews of the WISC–V from independent, highly-respected expert sources Review 17 clinical case reports that spotlight experiences of children and adolescents referred to psychologists for diverse reasons such as reading problems, specific learning disabilities, ADHD, intellectual giftedness, and autistic spectrum disorders Learn how a broad-based, multi-faceted approach to interpretation that calls upon several scientific concepts from the fields of cognitive neuroscience, clinical and school neuropsychology, neuropsychological processing, and the CHC model, can benefit children by providing meaningful recommendations to parents, teachers, and often to the children and adolescents themselves Use the results of WISC–V as a helping agent to assist in creating the best intervention plan, rather than allowing test results to dictate placement or labeling Intelligent Testing with the WISC–V is an indispensable resource for professionals who work with the WISC–V, including school psychologists, clinical psychologists, educational diagnosticians, and more. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of TAT and Other Storytelling Assessments Hedwig Teglasi, 2015-09-15 Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently administer, score, and interpret a variety of storytelling techniques Storytelling techniques are a popular projective approach for assessing many aspects of a person's personality, such as cognitive processes, emotional functioning, and self-regulation. The broad spectrum of techniques includes the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT—the most widely embraced), Roberts-2, and TEMAS (Tell-Me-A-Story). To use these tests properly, professionals need an authoritative source of advice and guidance on how to administer, score, and interpret them. Written by Hedwig Teglasi, a leading researcher of the TAT and other storytelling techniques, Essentials of TAT and Other Storytelling Assessments, Second Edition is that source. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health professionals, and those in training, quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Fully revised and updated to reflect the current research supporting storytelling techniques, Essentials of TAT and Other Storytelling Assessments, Second Edition reflects the latest data and theory on scoring stories and includes new material on interpreting stories in reference to a person's abilities in cognition, emotion, relationships, motivation, and self-regulation. As well, the author provides expert assessment of the methods' relative strengths and weaknesses, valuable advice on their clinical applications, and several case studies to illustrate best practices for implementing the storytelling approach to personality assessment. Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of Assessment Report Writing Essentials of PAI Assessment Essentials of 16PF Assessment Essentials of Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of MillonTM Inventories Assessment, Third Edition Essentials of Rorschach Assessment Essentials of MMPI-2 Assessment Essentials of MMPI-A Assessment |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of WISC-IV Assessment Dawn P. Flanagan, Alan S. Kaufman, 2004-11-11 A successor to the extremely popular Essentials of WISC-III/WPPSI-R Assessment(0-471-34501-6), Essentials of WISC-IV Assessment provides beginning and seasoned clinicians comprehensive guidelines to administering, scoring, and interpreting the latest revision of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children. Featuring the popular Essentials format of call-out boxes, Test Yourself questions and step-by-step instructions, this handy resource also includes strengths and weaknesses of the instrument, practical clinical applications, and illustrative case reports. This detailed guide to using this immensely popular measure of intelligence is a must-have for anyone involved in the psychological testing of children. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of DAS-II Assessment Ron Dumont, John O. Willis, Colin D. Elliott, 2008-12-03 Essentials of DAS-IIƠAssessment is the best source of information on the new edition of the DASƠinstrument, providing you with illuminating case reports, expert assessment of the test?s relative strengths and weaknesses, and valuable advice on its clinical applications. Written by Ron Dumont, John Willis, and Colin Elliott, this book is accompanied by a CD-ROM containing customizable Excel worksheets, PDF files, and Microsoft Word documents to conveniently allow you to add your own DAS-II evaluation results. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents Elizabeth P. Sparrow, Drew Erhardt, 2014-03-24 A comprehensive approach to accurate ADHD diagnosis In Essentials of ADHD Assessment in Children and Adolescents, the authors provide a clear and informative road map for practitioners seeking to conduct state-of-the-art assessments for one of the most common disorders of childhood. Drawing upon years of experience in conducting diagnostic evaluations of ADHD following best-practice standards, they emphasize the importance of a comprehensive evaluation, incorporating data from multiple sources, using multiple methods, and interpreting findings within the appropriate developmental and cultural contexts. The major components of an ADHD evaluation (interviews, rating scales, cognitive testing, observation, record review) are reviewed in detail. Expert guidance is provided for resolving the most common challenges in assessing ADHD, including differentiating symptoms from normal development, dealing with discrepant data, differential diagnosis, and considering comorbidity. The latest scholarly literature is integrated with the authors' practical recommendations to provide clinicians with the concepts and tools needed for effective and accurate assessment of ADHD, addressing such topics as: When inattention is ADHD, and when it may be emotional or neurological Which disorders may masquerade as or present with ADHD The elements of accurate ADHD testing and the reasons behind them Integrating results of a multi-modal approach into an ADHD assessment An indispensable professional resource for practicing clinicians, Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents is a reader-friendly guide to providing a thorough, responsible ADHD evaluation. |
| wais iv score interpretation: The Elements of Applied Psychological Practice in Australia Nadine Pelling, Lorelle Burton, 2017-03-16 The Elements of Applied Psychological Practice in Australia is a comprehensive and applied review of material required for basic psychological practice in Australia. This book is the first of its kind to offer a one-step resource to success in the Australian National Psychology Examination. Nadine Pelling and Lorelle Burton have provided you with everything you need and more, most notably: • A comprehensive review of applied areas and all assessments noted as important by the Psychology Board of Australia • Study skills and tips, including ‘making a study plan’ and how to manage your time • 100 sample Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) with answers and explanations. For anyone looking to take the Australian National Psychology Examination, this detailed, concise, and extremely easy to read book is an absolute must-have. Beginning-level and experienced psychologists will also find the comprehensive coverage of applied practice areas a useful reference for their client-related work, and its value as a resource comes alive with its succinct presentation of client-based psychological assessment and the ethics of applied practice and interventions. This book will also be of interest to teachers of psychology and international psychologists and scholars who may be interested in how psychology is practiced in Australia. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Clinical Neuropsychology Study Guide and Board Review Kirk Stucky, Michael Kirkwood, Jacobus Donders, 2020 Clinical Neuropsychology Study Guide and Board Review, Second Edition provides an easy to study volume with sample questions and recommended readings that are specifically designed to help individuals prepare for the ABCN written examination. This book can also be used as a teaching tool for graduate students and trainees at various levels. The format is geared toward exam preparation. Information is provided in a concise, outlined manner, with liberal useof bullets, boxes, illustrations, and tables. The guide also includes hundreds of mock exam questions and many recommended readings. |
| wais iv score interpretation: Psychological Assessment and Testing John Spores, 2022-06-08 Expanding upon and updating the first edition, this comprehensive guide instructs readers on how to effectively conduct psychological assessment and testing in their practice, efficiently advancing a case from the initial referral and clinical interview, through the testing process, and leading to informed diagnosis and treatment recommendations. This second edition incorporates updated editions of all major tests, pertinent revisions from the DSM-5, more in-depth analysis of testing topics, and coverage of new constructs that are the targets of psychological testing relevant to outpatient mental health practice. Readers will learn about the fundamentals of assessment, testing, and psychological measurement, the complete process of psychological testing using a broad range of major tests, supplemented by interpretive flowcharts and case examples.. Downloadable practice and report forms, along with data tables with pre-drafted interpretive excerpts for all tests are also available for immediate use in clinical practice. Psychologists in both practice and training will come away with the tools and knowledge needed to successfully conduct psychological assessment and testing within the contemporary mental health field. |
| wais iv score interpretation: WJ IV Clinical Use and Interpretation Dawn P Flanagan, Vincent C Alfonso, 2016-01-28 WJ IV Clinical Use and Interpretation: Scientist-Practitioner Perspectives provides clinical use and interpretive information for clinical practitioners using the Woodcock-Johnson, Fourth Edition (WJ IV). The book discusses how the cognitive, achievement, and oral language batteries are organized, a description of their specific content, a brief review of their psychometric properties, and best practices in interpreting scores on the WJ IV. Coverage includes the predictive validity of its lower order factors and the clinical information that can be derived from its 60 individual subtests. Part II of this book describes the clinical and diagnostic utility of the WJ IV with young children for diagnosing learning disabilities in both school age and adult populations, and for identifying gifted and talented individuals. Additionally, the book discusses the use of the WJ IV with individuals whose culture and language backgrounds differ from those who are native English speakers and who were born and raised in mainstream US culture. - Discusses the organization and content of all three batteries in the WJ-IV - Reviews best practices for score interpretation - Covers psychometric properties and predictive validity - Explores clinical information that can be extracted from 60 individual subtests - Includes diagnostic utility for learning disabilities, giftedness, and non-English speaking populations |
| wais iv score interpretation: Essentials of IDEA for Assessment Professionals Guy McBride, Ron Dumont, John O. Willis, 2011-04-27 Quickly acquire the practical coverage and guidance you need to understand the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to children with disabilities. To understand it thoroughly, school psychologists, teachers, and other school service providers need a comprehensive resource to guide them in what this frequently amended Act means and how it should be interpreted. The first concise, yet authoritative, book of its kind on which professionals can rely to navigate this often-misunderstood law, Essentials of IDEA for Assessment Professionals is that source. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, each chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Written in the user-friendly and well-known Essentials format, each of the seven concise chapters covers terminology, classification, assessments/evaluations, and other topics related to IDEA. With an accompanying CD offering commentary on judicial decisions related to interpretation of IDEA, as well as references to the 2006 final regulations for IDEA 2004 and Section 504 regulations, Essentials of IDEA for Assessment Professionals provides helpful guidelines for educational assessments and evaluations. |
Interpretive Report of WAIS–IV Testing - Arizona Forensics
Interpretation of WAIS–IV Results. General Intellectual Ability. John was administered 10 subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS– IV). His composite scores are …
WAIS-IV Score Report Sample - Pearson Assessments
Feb 18, 2019 · Significant Critical Value Difference. Statistical significance (critical value) at the .05 level. DETERMINING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES. Differences Between Subtest …
WAIS-IV Report Writer - Pearson Clinical
Interpretation of WAIS–IV Results. General Intellectual Ability. John performed much better on the verbal than on the nonverbal tasks of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition …
WAIS Interpretation - Western Kentucky University
INTERPRET THE WAIS SYSTEMATIC INTERPRETATION • You need a plan! • Best to go from global (FSIQ, GAI, CPI) to specific • Helps you generate good hypotheses • Helps you write a …
Introducing the WAIS–IV - Pearson Assessments
• Index Scores: Primary interpretation level • VCI & PRI: 3 core subtests each • WMI & PSI: 2 core subtests each • GAI = VCI + PRI •Optional Index score
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV - The Washington Center …
This index reflects an individual’s ability to accurately interpret, organize and think with visual information. It measures nonverbal reasoning skills and taps into thinking that is more fluid and …
Confidential Completion Date: DATE - Os2i
Overall, two broad scores are also generated, which can be used to summarise general intellectual abilities: Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), based on the total combined performance of the …
Appendix: Sample Report Template Wechsler Adult …
The WAIS-IV is a standardized individual assessment of cognitive functioning (i.e., intelligence). The WAIS-IV includes 15 subtests (10 primary and 5 supplementary) intended to. assess four...
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV (WAIS-IV) - UNSW Sites
In normal populations, the WAIS-IV VCI and its subtests demonstrated slightly higher correlations with the Letter Fluency and Category Fluency scores of the DKEFS.
PECS WAIS-WIAT Example Report
Index scores have a mean Composite Score of 100 (50th percentile) and a standard deviation of 15. Percentile Rank refers to John’s standing among 100 adults of similar age. Therefore, a …
WAIS4 TIM FNL7 Appendix C 167 - Pearson Clinical
WAIS-IV Technical and Interpretive Manual Revision. 167. and other cognitive functions. The GAI does not replace the FSIQ, but it should be reported and interpreted along with the FSIQ and …
Dear WAIS–IV Customer, - Pearson Assessments
ee’s difference score equals or exceeds the corresponding critical value. The absolute value of the examinee’s difference score must equal or exceed that critical value to be statistically …
Assessing College Students for Learning WAIS-IV and WIAT-III
Index Scores: Primary interpretation level • VCI & PRI: 3 core subtests each • WMI & PSI: 2 core subtests each GAI = VCI + PRI • Optional Index score 27 | Copyright © 2011. All rights …
Wais Iv Scoring Interpretation Copy - netsec.csuci.edu
This comprehensive guide provides a clear and detailed explanation of WAIS-IV scoring interpretation, demystifying the process and helping you understand what your scores truly …
Exploratory and Higher-Order Factor Analyses of the Wechsler …
The WAIS-IV provides a FSIQ, factor index scores, index score discrepancies, ipsative subtest comparisons (strengths/weaknesses), and pairwise subtest comparisons (Wechsler, 2008b) …
Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS-IV and WMS-IV
Describe components of Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS-IV and WMS-IV (ACSW4W4). Select components of ACSW4W4 to answer specific referral questions; Analyze data from …
The What, When, and How of the Wechsler General Ability Index
• The CPI is an optional index score for the WISC-IV and the WAIS-IV. • The CPI is the counterpart to the GAI. It is derived from the core Working Memory and Processing Speed …
WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation: Scientist- Practitioner ...
This guide to the WAIS-IV is written to help clinical practitioners achieve eficient and accurate interpretations of test results.
Some supplementary methods for the analysis of WAIS-IV …
The following methods are made available: (a) provision of traditional confi-dence intervals (CIs) on index scores, (b) expression of the endpoints of CIs as percentile ranks; (c) quantification of …
[ 151 ] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition
composite score distributions visually smoothed to eliminate irregularities. Like the WISC-IV, the WAIS-IV uses 10 core subtests to produce the FSIQ. The Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) …
Overview of Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS–IV and …
Procedures for adjusting WAIS–IV and WMS–IV normative scores for demographic variables, measuring change in scores across multiple administrations of the WAIS–IV or WMS–IV, and predicting premorbid cognitive and memory ability are included in the software. The original WAIS–IV and WMS–IV publications include subtest, index, and contrast
*NOTE: This is only a template. The information does not …
solve problems nonverbally. In addition, there is a full-scale IQ score. Both of the indexes, and the full-scale IQ score, have standard scores with a mean score of 100, with the scores of 90 to 110 falling into the Average range. Both of the Indexes have subtests that comprise the Index score. All of the subtest scaled scores have a mean score ...
WISC-IV Technical Report #4: General Ability Index
Thistechnicalreportisthefourthinaseriesintendedto introducetheWechslerIntelligenceScaleforChildren–Fourth Edition (WISC–IV;Wechsler,2003).TechnicalReport#1 ...
Manual Wais Iv Copy
Manual Wais Iv WAIS-III David Wechsler,1997 WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation Lawrence G. Weiss,Donald H. Saklofske,Diane Coalson,Susan Engi Raiford,2010-06-22 Published in August of 2008 WAIS IV is the most widely used intelligence test for adults in the world Substantive changes were made to the WAIS IV
Exploratory and Higher-Order Factor Analyses of the Wechsler …
The WAIS-IV provides a FSIQ, factor index scores, index score discrepancies, ipsative subtest comparisons (strengths/weaknesses), and pairwise subtest comparisons (Wechsler, 2008b) for interpretation. However, interpreting each of these various test scores and compari-sons requires due consideration of psychometric
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV)
Below is a list of dissertations that use the WAIS-IV. The full version of these dissertations can be found using ProQuest. Hershberger, K. A. (1997). The relationship between conceptually similar subtests of the wechsler ... Clinical Interpretation of the WAIS–III and WMS–III. San Diego: Academic Press. Wechsler, David (1939). The ...
WISC-V Interpretive Considerations for Sample Report
score metric with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation (SD) of 3. These subtest scores range from 1 to 19, with scores between 8 and 12 typically considered average. The primary subtest scores contribute to ... to aid in interpretation. The statistical significance and base rate results provide different information. A
WAIS-IV Dansk Vejledning - Pearson Clinical & Talent …
8 REGISTRERING Før du kan anvende WAIS-IV scoringprogrammet skal det registreres. Gå til Start-knappen nede i venstre hjørne på skrivebordet, vælg Alle programmer -> Pearson Assessment Danmark -> WAIS-IV. Her indtaster du en registeringskode, som du erhverver fra Pearson Assessment, enten ved at sende en e-mail, ringe eller faxe den produktkode, som …
Measure more with WAIS-5 - Pearson Assessments
WAIS®-5 features updated norms that reflect today’s diverse population, expanded clinical utility, shorter administration time, and an improved user experience. To ensure precision when comparing cognitive ability and memory, the WAIS-5 is conormed with the Wechsler Memory Scale ®, Fifth Edition (WMS-5), coming in 2025. WAIS®5 Measure more
WAIS Score Ranges: Understanding Your IQ and What it Means
Wais Score Ranges WAIS Score Ranges: Understanding Your IQ and What it Means Understanding your intellectual capabilities can be a powerful tool for self-discovery and personal growth. One of the most widely used assessments for measuring intelligence is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). But what do the WAIS score ranges actually mean?
Interpretation of the WISC-IV Working Memory Index as a …
Colliflower, Talya J., "Interpretation of the WISC-IV Working Memory Index as a Measure of Attention" (2013).Theses, Dissertations and Capstones.Paper 699. ... Students who score low on the WMI are frequently viewed as having attention difficulties. If the WMI is accurately interpreted as a measure of attention, then
Rbans Score Interpretation - web.floridamedicalclinic.com
Rbans Score Interpretation .pdf Debra K. Weiner,Keela Herr,Thomas E. Rudy Handbook of Psychological Assessment Gary Groth-Marnat,2009-10-20 The most highly acclaimed and complete ... (WAIS-IV), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV), Minnesota Multiphasic ...
Reliability and Validity Analyses of WAIS-IV (Intelligence Test) …
WAIS-IV median test score is 100, the points between 90 and 109 is at the average level that means a normal level, any scores above 110 is considered as high, and “a full-scale IQ score
Intro to WASI-II and WPPSI-IV - Johns Hopkins Bloomberg …
•If participant does not get a score of 2 on EITHER item 4 or 5, then you administer items 3, 2, 1 until participant gets a perfect score on two items in a row (reverse scoring) •Note that for items 1-3 a perfect score = 1 •For items 4+ a perfect score = 2 …
ADDENDUM 1: Checklist & Assessment Descriptions - PECS
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is a test designed to measure intelligence in older adolescents and adults (aged 17 years and above). It is composed of 10 core subtests and five supplemental subtests, with the 10 core subtests comprising the Full Scale IQ. The WAIS-IV has been language adapted for Australia and ...
Wechsler Intelligence Test Scoring - Carepatron
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – IV (WAIS-IV) Overview The WAIS-IV, for individuals aged 16 to 90, includes 10 core and 5 supplemental subtests, designed ... Mean IQ Score: 100 Standard Deviation: 15 IQ points Scoring Range: ... Explore the Wechsler IQ Test scoring and interpretation, a key tool for assessing cognitive abilities and ...
WAIS-IV Index and Full Scale Intelligence Quotient Score …
To date, only one published study has examined the relationship between WAIS-IV prorated and standard scoring methods (Umfleet, Ryan, Gontkovsky, & Morris, 2012). Although such research has been conducted on the WAIS-III, current studies are needed to determine whether the reported results will be replicated using WAIS-IV data.
Relative subtest scatter on the WAIS-IV in a clinical sample …
Binder recommended caution in the interpretation of WAIS-IV subtest scaled score differences based on the high frequency of low subtest scaled scores, even among those participants with higher ...
Incremental Criterion Validity of WAIS–IV Factor Index Scores ...
May 6, 2013 · that the FSIQ should retain primacy and greatest interpretive weight in WAIS–IV interpretation, as previously indicated by WAIS–IV subtest variance partitions form hierarchical exploratory factor analyses (Canivez & Watkins, 2010a, 2012b). Keywords: WAIS–IV, construct validity, incremental validity, hierarchical multiple regression, achieve-
OVERVIEW - Wiley
interpretation of the WMS-IV. It maintains the direct, systematic approach to ... tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2008) and Advanced Clinical Solutions for the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV ... was derived and converted to a standard score metric that could be directly compared to a Full Scale IQ ...
The Concurrent Validity of the Shipley-2 and the WAIS-IV
Apr 13, 2012 · the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) of the WAIS-IV (r = .549 to .807, p = .01), as well as moderate to strong correlations between the Shipley-2 scale scores and the Index scores from the WAIS-IV. More varied levels of correlation were detected between the WAIS-IV subtests and the various scores from the Shipley-2. These results suggest that the Shipley-
WAIS-IV Score Ranges: Understanding Your IQ Test Results
cognitive function than a simple IQ score. WAIS-IV Score Ranges: The Basics The WAIS-IV uses a standardized scoring system with a mean (average) score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. This means that approximately 68% of the population will score within one standard deviation of the mean (between 85 and 115).
Overview of WAIS-IV - Western Kentucky University
8/28/2023 1 Overview of WAIS-IV Rick Grieve PSY 562 Western Kentucky University Standardization of the WAIS-IV Standardization data from 2,200 people sampled based on 2005 US census data Stratified according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and education 13 age groups with 100-200 per group between 16 and 90 years old WAIS-IV Scales ...
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological …
to form five index scores and a total scale score. Each score is ex-pressed as a standard score with a normal mean of 100 and a stan-dard deviation of 15 based on a normative study group of 540 healthy subjects, ranging in age from 20 to 89 years, matched to the U.S. Census on sex, ethnicity, and level of education.
Working Memory Index - Springer
of the WPPSI-IV, WISC-IV, and WAIS-IV represented a significant deferment from the Wechsler scale tradition. The Verbal IQ and Per-formance IQ scores were excluded for the first time, and only the Full scale IQ score was retained. For the first time in WIS history, the interpretation of the WIS was largely focused on
Wais Iv Score Interpretation - netsec.csuci.edu
WAIS-IV Score Interpretation: Understanding Your IQ Test Results Understanding your WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition) score can be both exciting and daunting. This comprehensive guide will demystify the WAIS-IV score interpretation process, offering clear explanations of the various
Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos-IV (WAIS-IV)
La escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos, cuarta edición (WAIS-IV). Documento de trabajo. J. A. Amador Campos Facultat de Psicologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Enero 2013. Página 1 Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos-IV (WAIS-IV) Juan Antonio Amador Campos Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
WAIS -5 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale SAMPLE - Pearson …
Index Score Comparison Score Difference Critical Value Strength or Weakness Base Rate VCI 124 107.4 16.6 10.37 S <=5% VSI 103 107.4 -4.4 10.79 >25% FRI 105 107.4 -2.4 7.94 >25% WMI 97 107.4 -10.4 10.37 W <=25% PSI 108 107.4 0.6 12.33 >25% Index Level Pairwise Difference Comparisons Index Comparison Score 1 Score 2 Difference Critical Value ...
TOPF (Test of Pre-Morbid Function) - Pearson Assessments
His predicted TOPF score, using the simple demographics predictive model, was 117 and was not significantly different from his actual performance. Therefore, the simple demographics with TOPF score was used to estimate premorbid intellectual functioning. On the WAIS®-IV, Client C’s estimated pre-morbid VCI score did not differ significantly from
Invalidating the Full Scale IQ Score in the Presence of …
the WISC-IV with a referred sample and found actor-level scores werethat the finherently multidimensional (i.e., composed of nontrivial proportions of construct irrelevant variance - ... encouraging practitioners to just say no“ ” to interpretation of the FSIQ score when variability is observed at any level of the measurement instrument. To ...
Manual Wais Iii 3 Copy
WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation Lawrence G. Weiss,Donald H. Saklofske,Diane Coalson,Susan Engi Raiford,2010-06-22 Published in August of 2008 WAIS IV is the most widely used intelligence test for adults in the world Substantive changes were made to the WAIS IV
Assessment With The Wais Iv (PDF) - archive.ncarb.org
Interpreting WAIS-IV Profiles: Common Patterns and Their Implications: Explores common score ... Ethical Considerations in WAIS-IV Administration and Interpretation: Focuses on the ethical responsibilities of professionals administering and interpreting the WAIS-IV. 4. The Impact of Cultural Background on WAIS-IV Performance: Discusses the ...
Manual For The Wechsler Memory Scale Revised [PDF]
acquire the knowledge and skills you need toconfidently administer score and interpret the WMS IV Complete coverage of administration scoring interpretation and reporting Expert advice on avoiding common pitfalls Conveniently formatted for ... WAIS IV and other measures of cognitive ability and memory for adults Essentials of WMS IV Assessment ...
Independent Examination of the Wechsler Adult
(WAIS IV; Wechsler, 2008a) is the latest version in a long line of Wechsler products dating back to the Wechsler Bellevue Intelli- gence Scale (Wechsler, 1939).
Equ d WIAT - Pearson Clinical
raw-score equivalence between standard (paper) and digital administration and scoring formats. ... normative interpretation and provide evidence of reliability and validity. ... The WAIS–IV and WISC–IV studies relied primarily on an equivalent-groups design, with either random or nonrandom assignment of examinees to groups. This design ...
[ 151 ] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition
than the long-term estimate), the obtained score confidence interval is appropriate (Glutting, Mc-Dermott, & Stanley, 1987; Sattler, 2008). Obtained score and estimated true score confidence intervals will be quite close in cases where the reliability coefficient is high as with the WAIS-IV. Validity. WAIS-IV score validity estimates
Incremental Criterion Validity of WAIS–IV Factor Index Scores ...
that the FSIQ should retain primacy and greatest interpretive weight in WAIS–IV interpretation, as previously indicated by WAIS–IV subtest variance partitions form hierarchical exploratory factor analyses (Canivez & Watkins, 2010a, 2012b). Keywords: WAIS–IV, construct validity, incremental validity, hierarchical multiple regression, achieve-
ASSESSMENT with the WAIS-IV - Silvereye
Comparison of the WAIS–IV and the WAIS–III Administering the WAIS–IV Short Forms Choosing Between the WAIS–IV and the WISC–IV Administering the WAIS–IV to Individuals with Disabilities Strengths of the WAIS–IV Limitations of the WAIS–IV Concluding Comment Thinking Through the Issues Summary Key Terms, Concepts, and Names Study ...
Wais Iv Administration And Scoring Manual [PDF]
wais iv technical and interpretive manual appendix c wais iv administration and scoring manual (download only) wais iv administration and scoring manual (download only) wais 5 common administration and scoring errors The WAIS-IV administration and scoring manual is not just a textbook; it's your roadmap to accurately assessing cognitive
Investigation of the Factor Structure of the Wechsler Adult ...
Sep 6, 2010 · Leiman, 1957) not included in the WAIS IV Technical and Interpretation Manual (D. Wechsler, 2008b). Results indicated that the WAIS IV subtests were properly associated with the theoretically proposed first-order factors, but all but one factor-extraction criterion recommended extraction of one or two factors.
Technical Report #4.1 General Ability Index Canadian Norms
Dec 1, 2004 · GAI is a composite score that is based on 3 Verbal Comprehension and 3 Perceptual Reasoning subtests, ... Weiss, Rolfhus, and Zhu in WISC–IV Clinical Use and Interpretation: Scientist-Practitioner Perspectives (Prifitera, Saklofske, & Weiss, 2005). Background and History of the Wechsler Composites ... As with the WISC–III GAI and the …
WechslerAdultIntelligence Scale(All Versions) - Springer
argue for the criterion validity of the WAIS-IV. Clinical studies comparing special groups with matched controls as well as base rate data that further permit the comparisons of score discrepan-cies add to the clinical usefulness of the WAIS-IV for both diagnosis and intervention planning. Clinical Uses It is important to note the WAIS-IV ...
WISC-IV Technical Report #6: Using the Cognitive Proficiency …
performance on the WISC–IV working memory and processing speed indices in a single score. The CPI represents a set of functions whose common element is the proficiency with which a person processes certain types of cognitive information. Proficient processing— through quick visual speed and good mental control—
WPPSI-IV Interpretive Report Sample - Pearson Assessments
The base rate (BR) provides a basis for estimating how rare a particular score difference was in the WPPSI-IV normative sample or among children of a similar ability level. For example, a base rate of 1%-2% is reported if the scaled score for Block Design (BD) is 5.60 points higher than the mean scaled score for the primary index subtests (MSS-I).
Gli Indici IAG e ICC nella taratura italiana della WAIS-IV e loro ...
contesti clinici come ulteriori lenti attraverso cui poter focalizzare l’abilità dell’adulto con la WAIS-IV. Parole chiave: Intelligenza, WAIS-IV, IAG, ICC, Abilità unitaria, Taratura italiana INTRODUZIONE I subtest della Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV, Wechsler, 2008a, 2013; adattamento
Interpretive Report of WAIS–IV and WMS–IV Testing
Interpretation of WAIS–IV Results . General Intellectual Ability. Sample’s unique set of thinking and reasoning abilities make his overall intellectual functioning difficult to summarize by a single score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV).
Gai Conversion Table Wais Iv - Piedmont University
10889796_WAIS IV WIAT III College … WEB♦ Describe components of WAIS-IV and WIAT-III used to evaluate college students for possible SLD classification. ♦ Use sample data to illustrate interpretive process. Wechsler General Ability Index, GAI, Symposium (APA 2009) WEBThe GAI is an optional index score for the WISC-IV and the WAIS-IV.
Psychological Assessment, in press - University of Aberdeen
mean Index score). Our own preference is to compare Index scores against the case’s mean Index score. This is in keeping with the provision of this form of discrepancy analysis for the WAIS-III (Longman, 2004), WAIS-IV (Crawford, Garthwaite, Longman, & Batty, submitted), and WISC-IV (Flanagan & Kaufman, 2004).
Wechsler Memory Scales – th Edition - Weebly
long testing sessions – WMS-IV reduced test time ! Wanted to make sure that the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV didn’t test memory in the same way – removed Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing Subtests ! WMS-IV : Focuses on components of visual working memory ! WAIS-IV : focuses on auditory working memory
