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Understanding by Design: A Framework for Powerful Learning Experiences
Introduction:
Are you tired of lesson planning that feels like a chaotic scramble? Do you dream of creating engaging learning experiences that genuinely stick with your students? Then you need to understand Understanding by Design (UbD), a powerful backwards-design framework that empowers educators to craft intentional and effective curricula. This comprehensive guide will explore the core principles of UbD, walk you through its three stages, provide practical examples, and equip you with the tools to transform your teaching. Let's dive into how you can design learning experiences that truly resonate.
What is Understanding by Design (UbD)?
Understanding by Design, developed by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe, is a curriculum framework that prioritizes student understanding over mere content coverage. Instead of starting with activities and assessments, UbD encourages educators to begin with the desired learning outcomes – what students should truly understand – and then work backward to design the most effective learning experiences to achieve those outcomes. This "backward design" approach ensures that every lesson, activity, and assessment directly contributes to the overarching learning goals.
The Three Stages of Understanding by Design:
UbD unfolds in three interconnected stages:
1. Identifying Desired Results (Stage 1):
This initial stage focuses on defining what you want your students to understand, know, and be able to do at the conclusion of the unit or course. This goes beyond simply listing facts; it requires identifying the essential understandings, key knowledge, and crucial skills that students need to master. This stage involves:
Defining Enduring Understandings: These are broad, transferable understandings that students will carry with them long after the unit is over. They are usually phrased as generalizations or insightful conclusions. For example, in a history unit on the American Revolution, an enduring understanding might be: "Major social, political, and economic forces shape historical events and their consequences."
Identifying Essential Questions: These are thought-provoking questions that frame the unit and guide student inquiry. They are open-ended, debatable, and lead to deeper exploration. For the American Revolution unit, an essential question might be: "To what extent were the causes of the American Revolution primarily political or economic?"
Determining Knowledge and Skills: This outlines the specific facts, concepts, and skills students need to acquire to achieve the enduring understandings. In this case, it might include knowledge of key figures, events, and documents, as well as skills like analyzing primary sources and constructing historical arguments.
2. Determining Acceptable Evidence (Stage 2):
This stage focuses on how you will assess student understanding. It's crucial to design assessments that directly measure the enduring understandings, essential questions, and knowledge/skills identified in Stage 1. This might involve:
Performance Tasks: These are complex, authentic tasks that require students to apply their knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems or create meaningful products. Examples include research papers, presentations, debates, and projects.
Other Evidence: This includes quizzes, tests, homework assignments, class discussions, and observations. These assessments should be varied and provide multiple opportunities for students to demonstrate their understanding.
The key is to align assessments with the desired learning outcomes. Assessments shouldn't just measure rote memorization; they should assess students' ability to apply their knowledge, analyze information, and solve problems.
3. Planning Learning Experiences and Instruction (Stage 3):
This final stage focuses on designing engaging and effective learning experiences that lead students toward achieving the desired results. This involves:
Sequencing Learning Activities: Organize lessons and activities to build upon each other, creating a logical progression toward the enduring understandings.
Selecting Instructional Strategies: Choose teaching methods that actively engage students and facilitate deep learning, such as project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, collaborative learning, and differentiated instruction.
Utilizing Resources: Identify appropriate resources, including textbooks, technology, guest speakers, and field trips.
The focus in this stage is on creating a rich learning environment that actively involves students in the learning process.
Benefits of Understanding by Design:
UbD offers numerous benefits, including:
Increased Student Engagement: By focusing on relevant and meaningful learning experiences, UbD increases student motivation and participation.
Improved Learning Outcomes: The structured approach ensures that instruction is purposeful and effective, leading to improved student achievement.
Enhanced Teacher Effectiveness: UbD provides a framework for intentional planning, making teaching more efficient and impactful.
Greater Alignment: By aligning goals, assessments, and activities, UbD ensures that all aspects of the curriculum work together to promote student learning.
Conclusion:
Understanding by Design is not just a methodology; it's a philosophy of teaching that emphasizes deep understanding over superficial knowledge. By working backward from desired outcomes, educators can create powerful learning experiences that truly resonate with students and lead to lasting learning. Embrace the UbD framework, and watch your teaching transform into a more purposeful, engaging, and effective endeavor.
FAQs:
1. Is UbD suitable for all subjects and grade levels? Yes, UbD's principles are adaptable and can be applied across all subjects and grade levels, from elementary school to higher education.
2. How much time does it take to plan using UbD? Initially, it might take longer than traditional lesson planning, but the long-term benefits in terms of student learning and teacher efficiency outweigh the initial investment.
3. Can I use UbD for individual lessons or only for entire units? While UbD is most effective for larger units, its principles can also be applied to individual lessons to ensure they align with broader learning goals.
4. What if my students don't achieve the desired understandings? UbD encourages reflection and adjustment. Analyze assessment data to identify areas for improvement and modify instruction accordingly.
5. Where can I find more resources on Understanding by Design? The books "Understanding by Design" and "Assessment for Learning" by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe are excellent resources, along with numerous online articles and workshops.
| understanding by design: Understanding by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2005 What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike. |
| understanding by design: The Understanding by Design Guide to Creating High-Quality Units Grant Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2011-03-11 The Understanding by Design Guide to Creating High-Quality Units offers instructional modules on the basic concepts and elements of Understanding by Design (UbD), the backward design approach used by thousands of educators to create curriculum units and assessments that focus on developing students' understanding of important ideas. The eight modules are organized around the UbD Template Version 2.0 and feature components similar to what is typically provided in a UbD design workshop, including— * Discussion and explanation of key ideas in the module; * Guiding exercises, worksheets, and design tips; * Examples of unit designs; * Review criteria with prompts for self-assessment; and * A list of resources for further information. This guide is intended for K-16 educators—either individuals or groups—who may have received some training in UbD and want to continue their work independently; those who've read Understanding by Design and want to design curriculum units but have no access to formal training; graduate and undergraduate students in university curriculum courses; and school and district administrators, curriculum directors, and others who facilitate UbD work with staff. Users can go through the modules in sequence or skip around, depending on their previous experience with UbD and their preferred curriculum design style or approach. Unit creation, planning, and adaptation are easier than ever with the accompanying downloadable resources, including the UbD template set up as a fillable PDF form, additional worksheets, examples, and FAQs about the module topics that speak to UbD novices and veterans alike. |
| understanding by design: Using Understanding by Design in the Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Classroom Amy J. Heineke, Jay McTighe, 2018-07-11 How can today's teachers, whose classrooms are more culturally and linguistically diverse than ever before, ensure that their students achieve at high levels? How can they design units and lessons that support English learners in language development and content learning—simultaneously? Authors Amy Heineke and Jay McTighe provide the answers by adding a lens on language to the widely used Understanding by Design® framework (UbD® framework) for curriculum design, which emphasizes teaching for understanding, not rote memorization. Readers will learn the components of the UbD framework; the fundamentals of language and language development; how to use diversity as a valuable resource for instruction by gathering information about students’ background knowledge from home, community, and school; how to design units and lessons that integrate language development with content learning in the form of essential knowledge and skills; and how to assess in ways that enable language learners to reveal their academic knowledge. Student profiles, real-life classroom scenarios, and sample units and lessons provide compelling examples of how teachers in all grade levels and content areas use the UbD framework in their culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. Combining these practical examples with findings from an extensive research base, the authors deliver a useful and authoritative guide for reaching the overarching goal: ensuring that all students have equitable access to high-quality curriculum and instruction. |
| understanding by design: Upgrade Your Teaching Jay McTighe, Judy Willis, 2019-04-16 How can educators leverage neuroscience research about how the human brain learns? How can we use this information to improve curriculum, instruction, and assessment so our students achieve deep learning and understanding in all subject areas? Upgrade Your Teaching: Understanding by Design Meets Neuroscience answers these questions by merging insights from neuroscience with Understanding by Design (UbD), the framework used by thousands of educators to craft units of instruction and authentic assessments that emphasize understanding rather than recall. Readers will learn - How the brain processes incoming information and determines what is (or is not) retained as long-term memory; - How brain science reveals factors that influence student motivation and willingness to put forth effort; - How to fully engage all students through relevance and achievable challenge; - How key components of UbD, including backward design, essential questions, and transfer tasks, are supported by research in neuroscience; - Why specific kinds of teaching and assessment strategies are effective in helping students gain the knowledge, skills, and deep understanding they need to succeed in school and beyond; and - How to create a brain-friendly classroom climate that supports lasting learning. Authors Jay McTighe and Judy Willis translate research findings into practical information for everyday use in schools, at all grade levels and in all subject areas. With their guidance, educators at all levels can learn how to design and implement units that empower teachers and students alike to capitalize on the brain's tremendous capacity for learning. |
| understanding by design: Understanding by Design Professional Development Workbook Jay McTighe, Grant P. Wiggins, 2006 |
| understanding by design: Essential Questions Jay McTighe, Grant Wiggins, 2013-03-27 What are essential questions, and how do they differ from other kinds of questions? What's so great about them? Why should you design and use essential questions in your classroom? Essential questions (EQs) help target standards as you organize curriculum content into coherent units that yield focused and thoughtful learning. In the classroom, EQs are used to stimulate students' discussions and promote a deeper understanding of the content. Whether you are an Understanding by Design (UbD) devotee or are searching for ways to address standards—local or Common Core State Standards—in an engaging way, Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins provide practical guidance on how to design, initiate, and embed inquiry-based teaching and learning in your classroom. Offering dozens of examples, the authors explore the usefulness of EQs in all K-12 content areas, including skill-based areas such as math, PE, language instruction, and arts education. As an important element of their backward design approach to designing curriculum, instruction, and assessment, the authors *Give a comprehensive explanation of why EQs are so important; *Explore seven defining characteristics of EQs; *Distinguish between topical and overarching questions and their uses; *Outline the rationale for using EQs as the focal point in creating units of study; and *Show how to create effective EQs, working from sources including standards, desired understandings, and student misconceptions. Using essential questions can be challenging—for both teachers and students—and this book provides guidance through practical and proven processes, as well as suggested response strategies to encourage student engagement. Finally, you will learn how to create a culture of inquiry so that all members of the educational community—students, teachers, and administrators—benefit from the increased rigor and deepened understanding that emerge when essential questions become a guiding force for learners of all ages. |
| understanding by design: Understanding by Design Handbook Jay McTighe, Grant P. Wiggins, 1999-01-01 Grade level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, p, e, i, s, t. |
| understanding by design: Schooling by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2007 The authors of Understanding by Design share a compelling strategy for creating schools that truly fulfill the central mission of education: to help students become thoughtful, productive, and accomplished at worthy tasks. |
| understanding by design: Making the Most of Understanding by Design John L. Brown, 2004-04-15 Thousands of educators worldwide are already using Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe's Understanding by Design (UbD) as a framework for designing curriculum units, performance assessments, and instruction that lead students to deep understanding of content. This book, based on data gathered from surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions, reflects what educators have learned about effective UbD implementation and explores how schools and districts can leverage UbD principles and strategies to improve student achievement, staff performance, and organizational productivity. Educators who have used the UbD framework for several years in various school settings present advice, strategies, and processes for using Understanding by Design to * Design purposeful, coherent curricula * Deliver instruction that promotes understanding for all * Unpack district standards * Expand assessment repertoires * Create meaningful and effective professional development and teacher-induction programs * Sustain a successful process of continuous improvement and strategic planning. Each chapter concludes with organization-focused assessment questionnaires and related resources that can help you--as an individual or as a member of a study group or action research team--develop a clear, strategic sense of how to make the most of Understanding by Design as a catalyst for real learning, increased student achievement, and school and district renewal. Note: This product listing is for the Adobe Acrobat (PDF) version of the book. |
| understanding by design: Integrating Differentiated Instruction and Understanding by Design Carol Ann Tomlinson, Jay McTighe, 2006-01-15 Teachers struggle every day to bring quality instruction to their students. Beset by lists of content standards and accompanying high-stakes accountability tests, many educators sense that both teaching and learning have been redirected in ways that are potentially impoverishing for those who teach and those who learn. Educators need a model that acknowledges the centrality of standards but also ensures that students truly understand content and can apply it in meaningful ways. For many educators, Understanding by Design addresses that need. Simultaneously, teachers find it increasingly difficult to ignore the diversity of the learners who populate their classrooms. Few teachers find their work effective or satisfying when they simply serve up a curriculum—even an elegant one—to students with no regard for their varied learning needs. For many educators, Differentiated Instruction offers a framework for addressing learner variance as a critical component of instructional planning. In this book the two models converge, providing readers fresh perspectives on two of the greatest contemporary challenges for educators: crafting powerful curriculum in a standards-dominated era and ensuring academic success for the full spectrum of learners. Each model strengthens the other. Understanding by Design is predominantly a curriculum design model that focuses on what we teach. Differentiated Instruction focuses on whom we teach, where we teach, and how we teach. Carol Ann Tomlinson and Jay McTighe show you how to use the principles of backward design and differentiation together to craft lesson plans that will teach essential knowledge and skills for the full spectrum of learners. Connecting content and kids in meaningful ways is what teachers strive to do every day. In tandem, UbD and DI help educators meet that goal by providing structures, tools, and guidance for developing curriculum and instruction that bring to students the best of what we know about effective teaching and learning. |
| understanding by design: Schooling by Design Allison Zmuda, Grant P. Wiggins, 2007 Based on: Schooling by design / Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe. |
| understanding by design: Assessing Student Learning by Design Jay McTighe, Steve Ferrara, 2021 How might we might help teachers use classroom assessments to gather appropriate evidence for all valued learning goals? How might our classroom assessments serve to promote learning, not just measure it? This book addresses these questions by offering a practical and proven Assessment Planning Framework. The Framework examines four different types of learning goals, considers various purposes and audiences for assessment, reviews five categories of assessment methods, and presents options for communicating results. This updated edition addresses the assessment of academic standards as well as transdisciplinary outcomes (e.g., 21st century skills), and describes the principles and practices underlying standards-based grading-- |
| understanding by design: The Fundamentals of Understanding by Design (Quick Reference Guide) Jay McTighe, 2020-08-05 Millions of teachers worldwide use the Understanding by Design® (UbD) curriculum planning framework to create units of instruction that develop and deepen student learning. This quick reference guide from UbD co-creator Jay McTighe covers UbD's key tenets and three-stage backward design process and introduces the framework's design templates and quality standards. It also explains key vocabulary and explores essential aspects of unit construction, including* Focusing instruction and assessment on big ideas and essential questions;* Creating authentic performance tasks that reveal evidence of understanding; and* Designing meaningful learning events that help students acquire targeted knowledge and skills, understand important ideas, and be prepared to transfer those understandings to meet new challenges in and beyond the classroom.Featuring FAQs, indicators of success, and links to additional resources, The Fundamentals of Understanding by Design is for anyone looking to get started with UbD and for current users seeking a handy resource to keep their design work on track.8.5 x 11 3-panel foldout guide (6 pages), laminated for extra durability and 3-hole-punched for binder storage. |
| understanding by design: Backwards Planning - Building Enduring Understanding Through Instructional Design Harriet Isecke, 2011 Increase student achievement with a systematic approach to lesson design. Learn how to identify enduring understandings, set goals, establish benchmarks, and monitor progress to move your students to mastery of standards, while differentiating to meet their diverse needs. |
| understanding by design: Understanding by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2000-01-01 |
| understanding by design: Rigorous PBL by Design Michael McDowell, 2017-03-01 By designing projects that move students from surface to deep and transfer learning through PBL, they will become confident and competent learners. Discover how to make three shifts essential to improving PBL’s overall effect: Clarity: Students should be clear on what they are expected to learn, where they are in the process, and what next steps they need to take to get there. Challenge: Help students move from surface to deep and transfer learning. Culture: Empower them to use that knowledge to make a difference in theirs and the lives of others. |
| understanding by design: Equity by Design Mirko Chardin, Katie Novak, 2020-07-20 Our calling is to drop our egos, commit to removing barriers, and treat our learners with the unequivocal respect and dignity they deserve. --Mirko Chardin and Katie Novak When it comes to the hard work of reconstructing our schools into places where every student has the opportunity to succeed, Mirko Chardin and Katie Novak are absolutely convinced that teachers should serve as our primary architects. And by teachers they mean legions of teachers working in close collaboration. After all, it’s teachers who design students’ learning experiences, who build student relationships . . . who ultimately have the power to change the trajectory of our students’ lives. Equity by Design is intended to serve as a blueprint for teachers to alter the all-too-predictable outcomes for our historically under-served students. A first of its kind resource, the book makes the critical link between social justice and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) so that we can equip students (and teachers, too) with the will, skill, and collective capacity to enact positive change. Inside you’ll find: Concrete strategies for designing and delivering a culturally responsive, sustainable, and equitable framework for all students Rich examples, case studies, and implementation spotlights of educators, students (including Parkland survivors), and programs that have embraced a social justice imperative Evidence-based application of best practices for UDL to create more inclusive and equitable classrooms A flexible format to facilitate use with individual teachers, teacher teams, and as the basis for whole-school implementation Every student, Mirko and Katie insist, deserves the opportunity to be successful regardless of their zip code, the color of their skin, the language they speak, their sexual and/or gender identity, and whether or not they have a disability. Consider Equity by Design a critical first step forward in providing that all-important opportunity. Also From Corwin: Hammond/Culturally Responsive Teaching & the Brain: 9781483308012 Moore/The Guide for White Women Who Teach Black Boys: 9781506351681 France/Reclaiming Professional Learning: 9781544360669 |
| understanding by design: Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom Carol A. Tomlinson, Tonya R. Moon, 2013 Carol Ann Tomlinson and Tonya R. Moon take an in-depth look at assessment and show how differentiation can improve the process in all grade levels and subject areas. After discussing differentiation in general, the authors focus on how differentiation applies to various forms of assessment--pre-assessment, formative assessment, and summative assessment--and to grading and report cards. Readers learn how differentiation can --Capture student interest and increase motivation --Clarify teachers' understanding about what is most important to teach --Enhance students' and teachers' belief in student learning capacity; and --Help teachers understand their students' individual similarities and differences so they can reach more students, more effectively Throughout, Tomlinson and Moon emphasize the importance of maintaining a consistent focus on the essential knowledge, understandings, and skills that all students must acquire, no matter what their starting point. Detailed scenarios illustrate how assessment differentiation can occur in three realms (student readiness, interest, and learning style or preference) and how it can improve assessment validity and reliability and decrease errors and teacher bias. Grounded in research and the authors' teaching experience, Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom outlines a common-sense approach that is both thoughtful and practical, and that empowers teachers and students to discover, strive for, and achieve their true potential. This is PDF Format E-book: ISBN 978-1-4166-1773-0 |
| understanding by design: Understanding by Design Guide to Advanced Concepts in Creating and Reviewing Units Grant Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2012-03-16 The Understanding by Design Guide to Advanced Concepts in Creating and Reviewing Units offers instructional modules on how to refine units created using Understanding by Design (UbD) and how to effectively review the units using self-assessment and peer review, along with observation and supervision. The Guide builds upon its companion and predecessor, The Understanding by Design Guide to Creating High-Quality Units, and like the earlier volume, it presents the following components for each module: * Narrative discussion of key ideas in the module * Exercises, worksheets, and design tips * Examples of unit designs * Review criteria for self- and peer assessment * References for further information UbD is based on a backward design approach and is used by thousands of educators to create curriculum units and assessments that focus on developing students' understanding of essential ideas and helping students attain important skills. The Guide is intended for use by individuals or groups in K-16 education (teachers, school and district administrators, curriculum directors, graduate and undergraduate students in curriculum, and others) who want to further develop their skill in UbD. Users can work through the modules in order or pick and choose, depending on their interests and needs. Additional resources, including worksheets, examples, and FAQs, are available as downloadable forms (including fillable UbD templates that can be saved electronically), making it easy for UbD practitioners to advance their understanding and their ability to create curriculum that leads to deep, meaningful learning. |
| understanding by design: Great Teaching by Design John Hattie, Vince Bustamante, John Almarode, Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, 2020-11-05 Turn good intentions into better outcomes—by design! Why leave student success up to chance? By combining your intuition and experience with the latest research on high-impact learning practices, you can evolve your teaching from good to great and make a lasting difference for your students. Organized around the DIIE framework, Great Teaching by Design takes you step-by-step from intention to implementation to accelerate the impact your teaching has on student learning. Inside, you’ll find: A deep dive into the four stages of the DIIE model: Diagnosis and Discovery, Intervention, Implementation, and Evaluation A fresh look at the Visible Learning research, which identifies the most powerful strategies for teaching and learning Stories of best practices in action and examples from classrooms around the world Great teaching may come by chance, but it will come by design. Whether you’re new to teaching or looking to give your instruction a boost, take up the challenge and discover a new framework for teaching with true intentionality. |
| understanding by design: Solving 25 Problems in Unit Design Jay McTighe, Grant Wiggins, 2015-04-14 Curriculum design experts Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins have reviewed thousands of curriculum documents and unit plans across a range of subjects and grades. In this book, they identify and describe the 25 most common problems in unit design and recommend how to fix them--and avoid them when planning new units. McTighe and Wiggins, creators of the Understanding by Design® framework, help you use the process of backward design to troubleshoot your units and achieve tighter alignment and focus on learning priorities. Whether you're working with local or national standards or with other learning goals, you can rely on their practical and proven solutions to promote deeper and better learning for your students. |
| understanding by design: Domain-driven Design Eric Evans, 2004 Domain-Driven Design incorporates numerous examples in Java-case studies taken from actual projects that illustrate the application of domain-driven design to real-world software development. |
| understanding by design: Making Thinking Visible Ron Ritchhart, Mark Church, Karin Morrison, 2011-05-03 A proven program for enhancing students' thinking and comprehension abilities Visible Thinking is a research-based approach to teaching thinking, begun at Harvard's Project Zero, that develops students' thinking dispositions, while at the same time deepening their understanding of the topics they study. Rather than a set of fixed lessons, Visible Thinking is a varied collection of practices, including thinking routines?small sets of questions or a short sequence of steps?as well as the documentation of student thinking. Using this process thinking becomes visible as the students' different viewpoints are expressed, documented, discussed and reflected upon. Helps direct student thinking and structure classroom discussion Can be applied with students at all grade levels and in all content areas Includes easy-to-implement classroom strategies The book also comes with a DVD of video clips featuring Visible Thinking in practice in different classrooms. |
| understanding by design: Understanding Problems of Practice Dawn Hathaway, Priscilla Norton, 2018-03-07 Today, K-12 practitioners are challenged to become educational innovators. Yet, little is available to the practitioner to guide their reflection about the design, development, and implementation of these innovations in their own practice. This brief approaches such problems of practice from the perspectives of design research. Although design research typically centers on the partnership between researchers and practitioners in real-world settings, relationships between researchers and practitioners are not always practical. In this brief, the authors explore how the design research process can make the goals, assumptions, processes, methods, and outcomes of design research uniquely accessible to the practitioner. In clear, explicit language, it introduces design research to practitioners using both expository discussions and a robust narrative case study approach that ably guides the reader through the phases of design research, namely: Theory to innovation to practice Understanding problems of practice Creating a design solution Assessing the design solution Evaluating learning outcomes Capturing lessons for practice Understanding Problems of Practice is a singular resource for teachers and practitioners enrolled in graduate research courses or courses on teacher leadership. It also lends itself well as a supplement to professional development activities and studies at the district, school, and professional learning community levels. |
| understanding by design: Designing Authentic Performance Tasks and Projects Jay McTighe, Kristina J. Doubet, Eric M. Carbaugh, 2020-02-18 Aimed at the growing number of educators who are looking to move beyond covering the curriculum, Designing Authentic Performance Tasks and Projects provides a comprehensive guide to ensuring students' deeper learning—in which they can transfer their knowledge, skills, and understandings to the world beyond the classroom. Readers will learn how to * Create authentic tasks and projects to address both academic standards and 21st century skills. * Apply task frames to design performance tasks that allow voice and choice for students. * Design and use criterion-based evaluation tools and rubrics for assessment, including those for students to use in self-assessment and peer assessment. * Incorporate performance-based instructional strategies needed to prepare students for authentic performance. * Differentiate tasks and projects for all students, including those needing additional support or challenge. * Effectively manage the logistics of a performance-based classroom. * Use project management approaches to facilitate successful implementation of tasks and projects. * Develop performance-based curriculum at the program, school, and district levels. Authors Jay McTighe, Kristina J. Doubet, and Eric M. Carbaugh provide examples and resources across all grade levels and subject areas. Teachers can use this practical guidance to transform their classrooms into vibrant centers of learning, where students are motivated and engaged and see relevance in the work they are doing. |
| understanding by design: Deep Learning Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, Aaron Courville, 2016-11-10 An introduction to a broad range of topics in deep learning, covering mathematical and conceptual background, deep learning techniques used in industry, and research perspectives. “Written by three experts in the field, Deep Learning is the only comprehensive book on the subject.” —Elon Musk, cochair of OpenAI; cofounder and CEO of Tesla and SpaceX Deep learning is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts. Because the computer gathers knowledge from experience, there is no need for a human computer operator to formally specify all the knowledge that the computer needs. The hierarchy of concepts allows the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones; a graph of these hierarchies would be many layers deep. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning. The text offers mathematical and conceptual background, covering relevant concepts in linear algebra, probability theory and information theory, numerical computation, and machine learning. It describes deep learning techniques used by practitioners in industry, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology; and it surveys such applications as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering such theoretical topics as linear factor models, autoencoders, representation learning, structured probabilistic models, Monte Carlo methods, the partition function, approximate inference, and deep generative models. Deep Learning can be used by undergraduate or graduate students planning careers in either industry or research, and by software engineers who want to begin using deep learning in their products or platforms. A website offers supplementary material for both readers and instructors. |
| understanding by design: Atomic Habits Summary (by James Clear) James Clear, SUMMARY: ATOMIC HABITS: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. This book is not meant to replace the original book but to serve as a companion to it. ABOUT ORIGINAL BOOK: Atomic Habits can help you improve every day, no matter what your goals are. As one of the world's leading experts on habit formation, James Clear reveals practical strategies that will help you form good habits, break bad ones, and master tiny behaviors that lead to big changes. If you're having trouble changing your habits, the problem isn't you. Instead, the issue is with your system. There is a reason bad habits repeat themselves over and over again, it's not that you are not willing to change, but that you have the wrong system for changing. “You do not rise to the level of your goals. You fall to the level of your systems” - James Clear I’m a huge fan of this book, and as soon as I read it I knew it was going to make a big difference in my life, so I couldn’t wait to make a video on this book and share my ideas. Here is a link to James Clear’s website, where I found he uploads a tonne of useful posts on motivation, habit formation and human psychology. DISCLAIMER: This is an UNOFFICIAL summary and not the original book. It designed to record all the key points of the original book. |
| understanding by design: Creating Significant Learning Experiences L. Dee Fink, 2003-06-17 Dee Fink poses a fundamental question for all teachers: How can I create courses that will provide significant learning experiences for my students? In the process of addressing this question, he urges teachers to shift from a content-centered approach to a learning-centered approach that asks What kinds of learning will be significant for students, and how can I create a course that will result in that kind of learning? Fink provides several conceptual and procedural tools that will be invaluable for all teachers when designing instruction. He takes important existing ideas in the literature on college teaching (active learning, educative assessment), adds some new ideas (a taxonomy of significant learning, the concept of a teaching strategy), and shows how to systematically combine these in a way that results in powerful learning experiences for students. Acquiring a deeper understanding of the design process will empower teachers to creatively design courses for significant learning in a variety of situations. |
| understanding by design: Crafting Interpreters Robert Nystrom, 2021-07-27 Despite using them every day, most software engineers know little about how programming languages are designed and implemented. For many, their only experience with that corner of computer science was a terrifying compilers class that they suffered through in undergrad and tried to blot from their memory as soon as they had scribbled their last NFA to DFA conversion on the final exam. That fearsome reputation belies a field that is rich with useful techniques and not so difficult as some of its practitioners might have you believe. A better understanding of how programming languages are built will make you a stronger software engineer and teach you concepts and data structures you'll use the rest of your coding days. You might even have fun. This book teaches you everything you need to know to implement a full-featured, efficient scripting language. You'll learn both high-level concepts around parsing and semantics and gritty details like bytecode representation and garbage collection. Your brain will light up with new ideas, and your hands will get dirty and calloused. Starting from main(), you will build a language that features rich syntax, dynamic typing, garbage collection, lexical scope, first-class functions, closures, classes, and inheritance. All packed into a few thousand lines of clean, fast code that you thoroughly understand because you wrote each one yourself. |
| understanding by design: Introduction to Business Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, James C. Hyatt, 2024-09-16 Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
| understanding by design: Transformation by Design Martin Hanscamp, Alice Mustin, Chris Parker, 2019-07-15 |
| understanding by design: The Surprising Power of Liberating Structures Henri Lipmanowicz, Keith McCandless, 2014-10-28 Smart leaders know that they would greatly increase productivity and innovation if only they could get everyone fully engaged. So do professors, facilitators and all changemakers. The challenge is how. Liberating Structures are novel, practical and no-nonsense methods to help you accomplish this goal with groups of any size. Prepare to be surprised by how simple and easy they are for anyone to use. This book shows you how with detailed descriptions for putting them into practice plus tips on how to get started and traps to avoid. It takes the design and facilitation methods experts use and puts them within reach of anyone in any organization or initiative, from the frontline to the C-suite. Part One: The Hidden Structure of Engagement will ground you with the conceptual framework and vocabulary of Liberating Structures. It contrasts Liberating Structures with conventional methods and shows the benefits of using them to transform the way people collaborate, learn, and discover solutions together. Part Two: Getting Started and Beyond offers guidelines for experimenting in a wide range of applications from small group interactions to system-wide initiatives: meetings, projects, problem solving, change initiatives, product launches, strategy development, etc. Part Three: Stories from the Field illustrates the endless possibilities Liberating Structures offer with stories from users around the world, in all types of organizations -- from healthcare to academic to military to global business enterprises, from judicial and legislative environments to R&D. Part Four: The Field Guide for Including, Engaging, and Unleashing Everyone describes how to use each of the 33 Liberating Structures with step-by-step explanations of what to do and what to expect. Discover today what Liberating Structures can do for you, without expensive investments, complicated training, or difficult restructuring. Liberate everyone's contributions -- all it takes is the determination to experiment. |
| understanding by design: K-8 Digital Citizenship Curriculum Ask a Tech Teacher, 2019-09-21 9 grade levels. 17 topics. 46 lessons. 46 projects. A year-long curriculum that covers everything you need to discuss on internet safety and efficiency. Digital Citizenship–probably one of the most important topics students will learn between kindergarten and 8th and too often, teachers are thrown into it without a roadmap. Well, here it is–your guide to what our children must know at what age to thrive in the community called the internet. It’s a roadmap for blending all pieces into a cohesive, effective student-directed cyber-learning experience that accomplishes ISTE’s general goals |
| understanding by design: Unshakeable: 20 Ways to Enjoy Teaching Every Day...No Matter What Angela Watson, 2015-03-15 Passion cannot be faked. Students can tell when we're just going through the motions. But how can you summon the energy to teach with passion when there are so many distractions pulling you from what really matters? And if you barely have time for taking care of yourself, how can you have anything left to give your students? Don't wait for teaching to become fun again: plan for it! Your enthusiasm will become unshakeable as you learn how to: -Create curriculum bright spots that you can't wait to teach -Gain energy from kids instead of letting them drain you -Uncover real meaning and purpose for every single lesson -Incorporate playfulness and make strong connections with kids -Stop letting test scores and evaluations define your success -Construct a self-running classroom that frees you to teach -Say no without guilt and make your yes really count -Establish healthy, balanced habits for bringing work home -Determine what matters most and let go of the rest -Innovate and adapt to make teaching an adventure Unshakeable is a collection of inspiring mindset shifts and practical, teacher-tested ideas for getting more satisfaction from your job. It's an approach that guides you to find your inner drive and intrinsic motivation which no one can take away. Unshakeable will help you incorporate a love of life into your teaching, and a love of teaching into your life. Learn how to tap into what makes your work inherently rewarding and enjoy teaching every day...no matter what. |
| understanding by design: A Little Life Hanya Yanagihara, 2016 Moving to New York to pursue creative ambitions, four former classmates share decades marked by love, loss, addiction, and haunting elements from a brutal childhood. |
| understanding by design: Teaching for Understanding Martha Stone Wiske, 1998 Based on a Harvard University research project, this book answers such questions as: What is teaching for understanding? How does it differ from traditional teaching approaches? What does it look like in the classroom? And, how do students demonstrate their understanding? The book presents a framework for helping teachers learn how to teach more effectively. |
| understanding by design: Course Design George J. Posner, Alan N. Rudnitsky, 1982 |
| understanding by design: UDL and Blended Learning Katie Novak, Catlin Tucker, 2021-05-30 You can develop the skills to meet the needs of learners in any learning environment. This approachable, in-depth guide unites the adaptability of Universal Design for Learning with the flexibility of blended learning, equipping educators with the tools they need to create relevant, authentic, and meaningful learning pathways to meet students where they're at, no matter the time and place or their pace and path. With step-by-step guidance and clear strategies, authors Katie Novak and Catlin Tucker empower teachers to implement these frameworks in the classroom, with a focus on cultivating community, building equity, and increasing accessibility for all learners. As we face increasing uncertainty and frequent disruption to traditional ways of living and learning, UDL and Blended Learning offers bold, innovative, inclusive solutions for navigating a range of learning landscapes, from the home to the classroom and all points in between, no matter what obstacles may lie ahead. |
| understanding by design: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| understanding by design: Atomic Design Brad Frost, 2016-12-05 |
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