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Tupi and Guarani: Unraveling the Rich Tapestry of South American Indigenous Languages
Are you fascinated by the vibrant cultures and histories of South America? Then you'll want to delve into the world of Tupi and Guarani, two incredibly influential indigenous language families that have left an indelible mark on the continent. This comprehensive guide will explore the intricacies of these languages, their historical significance, current status, and the enduring legacy they hold within modern Brazilian and Paraguayan society. We'll dissect their grammatical structures, examine their impact on modern Portuguese and Spanish, and highlight the ongoing efforts to preserve and revitalize these vital linguistic traditions. Prepare to embark on a captivating journey through the fascinating world of Tupi and Guarani.
H2: The Tupi Language Family: A Linguistic Giant
The Tupi language family, once dominant across a vast swathe of Brazil, is a fascinating example of linguistic diversification. At its peak, Tupi languages were spoken across much of the Amazon basin and coastal regions. However, the term "Tupi" itself encompasses a diverse collection of related languages, not a single unified tongue. This makes studying the Tupi family challenging, as linguists grapple with classifying the numerous dialects and languages within it.
H3: Key Branches of the Tupi Family
Significant branches include:
Tupinambá: A historically prominent Tupi language spoken along the Brazilian coast, particularly in the state of Bahia. Its historical importance stems from its widespread use and detailed documentation by early European colonists.
Guarani (sometimes considered a separate family): While often grouped with Tupi due to certain linguistic similarities, some linguists classify Guarani as a separate family. The close relationship, however, warrants their discussion together.
Other less documented Tupi languages: Numerous other Tupi languages existed, many now extinct or critically endangered. The lack of extensive documentation hinders a thorough understanding of their individual characteristics.
H4: Grammatical Features of Tupi Languages
Tupi languages are generally characterized by agglutinative morphology, where grammatical information is expressed by adding suffixes and prefixes to the root word. They typically follow a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order. Further research is ongoing to fully understand the nuances of grammatical variation across different Tupi languages.
H2: The Guarani Language: Resilience and Revitalization
Guarani, while often linked to the Tupi family due to historical and geographic proximity, presents its own unique linguistic features. Today, it holds a significant position as one of the official languages of Paraguay, co-existing alongside Spanish. This co-official status reflects the cultural strength and resilience of the Guarani people.
H3: The Influence of Guarani in Paraguay
In Paraguay, Guarani isn't simply a language spoken by a minority; it’s deeply interwoven into the national identity. Street signs, government documents, and media often feature Guarani alongside Spanish, showcasing its official recognition and active use in daily life. This bilingualism is a testament to the enduring legacy of Guarani culture and its importance in modern Paraguayan society.
H4: Efforts to Preserve Guarani
Despite its official status, Guarani faces challenges, including the continued dominance of Spanish in certain sectors of society. However, considerable efforts are being made to promote its use through education initiatives, media production, and the creation of literary works in Guarani.
H2: The Enduring Legacy of Tupi and Guarani
Both Tupi and Guarani have left a significant imprint on the modern linguistic landscape of South America. Numerous loanwords from these languages have infiltrated Portuguese and Spanish, enriching the vocabulary of these dominant languages. This linguistic influence is a powerful testament to the historical and cultural impact of these indigenous communities.
H3: Loanwords in Portuguese and Spanish
Many words commonly used in Brazilian Portuguese and Paraguayan Spanish have their origins in Tupi and Guarani. These words often relate to flora, fauna, and cultural practices, revealing a deep connection between the indigenous languages and the development of modern South American societies.
Conclusion:
The study of Tupi and Guarani offers a window into the rich linguistic diversity and enduring cultural heritage of South America. Understanding these languages provides insight not only into their grammatical structures and historical trajectories but also into the ongoing struggles and successes of indigenous communities in preserving their linguistic and cultural identities. The continued revitalization and preservation of these languages are crucial for maintaining the cultural tapestry of South America for generations to come.
FAQs
1. Are Tupi and Guarani mutually intelligible? No, while they share some historical relationships, different Tupi languages and Guarani are not mutually intelligible. They have diverged significantly over time.
2. How many speakers of Tupi languages remain today? The number varies greatly depending on the specific language and dialect. Many are critically endangered, with only a handful of elderly speakers remaining.
3. What is the best resource for learning Guarani? There are several online resources and language courses available, many tailored to different learning styles. Searching for "Guarani language learning" online will provide many options.
4. Are there any ongoing efforts to revive extinct Tupi languages? While reviving completely extinct languages is a significant challenge, linguists are working to document and understand the remaining fragments of these languages to preserve what knowledge remains.
5. What is the difference between Tupi and Tupinambá? Tupinambá is one specific language within the broader Tupi language family. The Tupi family encompasses a larger group of related, but distinct, languages.
| tupi e guarani: Brasile , 2011-11-07 |
| tupi e guarani: Dictionnaires , |
| tupi e guarani: Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , 2005-11-24 The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as the field's standard reference work for a generation. Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field |
| tupi e guarani: Handbook of South American Archaeology Helaine Silverman, William Isbell, 2008-04-04 Perhaps the contributions of South American archaeology to the larger field of world archaeology have been inadequately recognized. If so, this is probably because there have been relatively few archaeologists working in South America outside of Peru and recent advances in knowledge in other parts of the continent are only beginning to enter larger archaeological discourse. Many ideas of and about South American archaeology held by scholars from outside the area are going to change irrevocably with the appearance of the present volume. Not only does the Handbook of South American Archaeology (HSAA) provide immense and broad information about ancient South America, the volume also showcases the contributions made by South Americans to social theory. Moreover, one of the merits of this volume is that about half the authors (30) are South Americans, and the bibliographies in their chapters will be especially useful guides to Spanish and Portuguese literature as well as to the latest research. It is inevitable that the HSAA will be compared with the multi-volume Handbook of South American Indians (HSAI), with its detailed descriptions of indigenous peoples of South America, that was organized and edited by Julian Steward. Although there are heroic archaeological essays in the HSAI, by the likes of Junius Bird, Gordon Willey, John Rowe, and John Murra, Steward states frankly in his introduction to Volume Two that “arch- ology is included by way of background” to the ethnographic chapters. |
| tupi e guarani: Orr's Circle of the Sciences. A Series of Treatises on the Principles of Science, with Their Application to Practical Pursuits. [Edited by J. S. Bushman?] W. S. ORR (AND CO.), 1854 |
| tupi e guarani: Catalogue of the Library of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University: Deut to Eust Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Library, 1963 |
| tupi e guarani: Ibero-American and Caribbean Linguistics Robert Lado, Norman A. McQuown, Sol Saporta, 2019-05-20 No detailed description available for Ibero-American and Caribbean Linguistics. |
| tupi e guarani: The Principles of Physiology, the Structure of the Skeleton and of the Teeth, and the Varieties of the Human Race William Somerville Orr, 1854 |
| tupi e guarani: Native Languages of the Americas Thomas Sebeok, 2013-11-11 The publishing history of the eleven chapters that comprise the contents of this second volume of Native Languages of the Americas is rather different from that of the thirteen that appeared in Volume I of this twin set late last year. Original ver sions of five articles, respectively, by Barthel, Grimes, Longacre, Mayers, and Suarez, were first published in Part II of Current Trends in Linguistics, Vol. 4, subtitled lbero-A merican and Caribbean Linguistics (1968), having been com missioned by the undersigned in his capacity as editor of the fourteen volume series which was distributed in twenty-one tomes between 1963 and 1976. McClaran's article is reprinted from Part III of Vol. 10. Linguistics in North America (1973) and the two by Kaufman and Rensch were in Part I I of Vol. 11, Diachronic, A real. and Typological Linguistics (1973 ). There are three contributions by Landar: earlier versions of two appeared in Vol. 10 (North American Indian Languages. accompanied by William Sorsby's maps of tribal groups of North and Central America), and in Vol. 13, Historiography of Linguistics (1975); however, his checklist of South and Central American Indian languages was freshly compiled for this book. Generous financial support for preparing the materials included in this project came from several agencies of the United States government, to wit: the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Science Foundation, for Vols. 10 and 13, and the Office of Education, for Vols. 4 and 11; in addition. |
| tupi e guarani: The Varieties of the Human Species Robert Gordon Latham, 1860 |
| tupi e guarani: Searching for Home Abroad Jeffrey Lesser, 2003-09-15 During the first half of the twentieth century, Japanese immigrants entered Brazil by the tens of thousands. In more recent decades that flow has been reversed: more than 200,000 Japanese-Brazilians and their families have relocated to Japan. Examining these significant but rarely studied transnational movements and the experiences of Japanese-Brazilians, the essays in Searching for Home Abroad rethink complex issues of ethnicity and national identity. The contributors—who represent a number of nationalities and disciplines themselves—analyze how the original Japanese immigrants, their descendants in Brazil, and the Japanese-Brazilians in Japan sought to fit into the culture of each country while confronting both prejudice and discrimination. The concepts of home and diaspora are engaged and debated throughout the volume. Drawing on numerous sources—oral histories, interviews, private papers, films, myths, and music—the contributors highlight the role ethnic minorities have played in constructing Brazilian and Japanese national identities. The essayists consider the economic and emotional motivations for migration as well as a range of fascinating cultural outgrowths such as Japanese secret societies in Brazil. They explore intriguing paradoxes, including the feeling among many Japanese-Brazilians who have migrated to Japan that they are more Brazilian there than they were in Brazil. Searching for Home Abroad will be of great interest to scholars of immigration and ethnicity in the Americas and Asia. Contributors. Shuhei Hosokawa, Angelo Ishi, Jeffrey Lesser, Daniel T. Linger, Koichi Mori, Joshua Hotaka Roth, Takeyuki (Gaku) Tsuda, Keiko Yamanaka, Karen Tei Yamashita |
| tupi e guarani: With Broadax and Firebrand Warren Dean, 1997-04-10 Warren Dean chronicles the chaotic path to what could be one of the greatest natural disasters of modern times: the disappearance of the Atlantic Forest. A quarter the size of the Amazon Forest, and the most densely populated region in Brazil, the Atlantic Forest is now the most endangered in the world. It contains a great diversity of life forms, some of them found nowhere else, as well as the country's largest cities, plantations, mines, and industries. Continual clearing is ravaging most of the forested remnants. Dean opens his story with the hunter-gatherers of twelve thousand years ago and takes it up to the 1990s—through the invasion of Europeans in the sixteenth century; the ensuing devastation wrought by such developments as gold and diamond mining, slash-and-burn farming, coffee planting, and industrialization; and the desperate battles between conservationists and developers in the late twentieth century. Based on a great range of documentary and scientific resources,With Broadax and Firebrand is an enormously ambitious book. More than a history of a tropical forest, or of the relationship between forest and humans, it is also a history of Brazil told from an environmental perspective. Dean writes passionately and movingly, in the fierce hope that the story of the Atlantic Forest will serve as a warning of the terrible costs of destroying its great neighbor to the west, the Amazon Forest. |
| tupi e guarani: Orr's Circle of the Sciences William Somerville Orr, 1854 |
| tupi e guarani: The Circle of the Sciences Henry Brougham, 1867 |
| tupi e guarani: Causes and Consequences of Human Migration Michael H. Crawford, Benjamin C. Campbell, 2012-11-08 Migration is a widespread human activity dating back to the origin of our species. Advances in genetic sequencing have greatly increased our ability to track prehistoric and historic population movements and allowed migration to be described both as a biological and socioeconomic process. Presenting the latest research, Causes and Consequences of Human Migration provides an evolutionary perspective on human migration past and present. Crawford and Campbell have brought together leading thinkers who provide examples from different world regions, using historical, demographic and genetic methodologies, and integrating archaeological, genetic and historical evidence to reconstruct large-scale population movements in each region. Other chapters discuss established questions such as the Basque origins and the Caribbean slave trade. More recent evidence on migration in ancient and present day Mexico is also presented. Pitched at a graduate audience, this book will appeal to anyone with an interest in human population movements. |
| tupi e guarani: The Circle of the Sciences: Organic nature William Somerville Orr, 1860 |
| tupi e guarani: Povos Indígenas no Brasil José Ricardo Ramalho, |
| tupi e guarani: The Circle of the Sciences Encyclopaedias, 1873 |
| tupi e guarani: The Amazonian Languages R. M. W. Dixon, Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd, 1999-09-23 The Amazon Basin is arguably both one of the least-known and the most complex linguistic regions in the world. It is the home of some 300 languages belonging to around twenty language families, plus more than a dozen genetic isolates, and many of these languages (often incompletely documented and mostly endangered) show properties that constitute exceptions to received ideas about linguistic universals. This book provides an overview in a single volume of this rich and exciting linguistic area. The editors and contributors have sought to make their descriptions as clear and accessible as possible, in order to provide a basis for further research on the structural characteristics of Amazonian languages and their genetic and areal relationships, as well as a point of entry to important cross-linguistic data for the wider constituency of theoretical linguists. |
| tupi e guarani: The Indigenous Languages of South America Lyle Campbell, Verónica Grondona, 2012-01-27 The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide is a thorough guide to the indigenous languages of this part of the world. With more than a third of the linguistic diversity of the world (in terms of language families and isolates), South American languages contribute new findings in most areas of linguistics. Though formerly one of the linguistically least known areas of the world, extensive descriptive and historical linguistic research in recent years has expanded knowledge greatly. These advances are represented in this volume in indepth treatments by the foremost scholars in the field, with chapters on the history of investigation, language classification, language endangerment, language contact, typology, phonology and phonetics, and on major language families and regions of South America. |
| tupi e guarani: Humanities Lawrence Boudon, 2005-02-01 The one source that sets reference collections on Latin American studies apart from all other geographic areas of the world.... The Handbook has provided scholars interested in Latin America with a bibliographical source of a quality unavailable to scholars in most other branches of area studies. —Latin American Research Review Beginning with volume 41 (1979), the University of Texas Press became the publisher of the Handbook of Latin American Studies, the most comprehensive annual bibliography in the field. Compiled by the Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress and annotated by a corps of more than 130 specialists in various disciplines, the Handbook alternates from year to year between social sciences and humanities. The Handbook annotates works on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and the Guianas, Spanish South America, and Brazil, as well as materials covering Latin America as a whole. Most of the subsections are preceded by introductory essays that serve as biannual evaluations of the literature and research under way in specialized areas. The Handbook of Latin American Studies is the oldest continuing reference work in the field. Lawrence Boudon, of the Library of Congress Hispanic Division, has been the editor since 2000, and Katherine D. McCann has been assistant editor since 1999. The subject categories for Volume 60 are as follows: Art History (including ethnohistory) Literature (including translations from the Spanish and Portuguese) Music Philosophy: Latin American Thought |
| tupi e guarani: Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 1966 |
| tupi e guarani: Linguistics and Archaeology in the Americas Eithne B. Carlin, Simon van de Kerke, 2010-05-03 The contributors to this volume, an international group of leading specialists, guide us through different aspects of the study of Amerindian languages and societies that lie at the heart of the extensive and multi-facetted work of Willem Adelaar, the forerunning specialist in Native American studies of Meso and South America, and Professor of Amerindian Studies at Leiden University. The contributors focus on three larger regions, the Andes, Amazonia, Meso-America and the Circum-Caribbean region, giving us a state of the art overview of current linguistic and archaeological research trends that illuminate the dynamicity and historicity of the Americas, in migratory movements, contact situations, grouping and re-grouping of identities and the linguistic results thereof. This book is a must-have for all scholars of the American continent. |
| tupi e guarani: The Lowland South American World Casey High, Luiz Costa, 2024-12-12 The Lowland South American World showcases cutting-edge research on the anthropology of Lowland South America, providing both an in-depth knowledge of Lowland South American life ways and engaging readers in urgent social, environmental, and political issues in the contemporary world. Covering the vast expanse of a region that includes all of South America except for the Andes, its 40 chapters engage with questions of what “Lowland South America” means as a geographical designation, both in studies of Indigenous Amazonian peoples and other lowland areas of the continent. They emphasize the multiple ways that local practices and cosmologies challenge conventional Western ideas about nature, culture, personhood, sociality, community, and Indigenous people. Some of the region’s well-known contributions to anthropology, such as animism, perspectivism, and novel approaches to the body are updated here with new ethnography and in light of the varying political situations in which the region’s peoples find themselves. With contributions by authors from 15 different countries, including a number of Indigenous anthropologists and activists, this book will set the agenda for future research in the continent. The Lowland South American World is a valuable resource for scholars and students of anthropology, Latin American studies and Indigenous studies, as well as history, geography and other social sciences. |
| tupi e guarani: Manual of Brazilian Portuguese Linguistics Johannes Kabatek, Albert Wall, 2022-10-24 This manual is the first comprehensive account of Brazilian Portuguese linguistics written in English, offering not only linguists but also historians and social scientists new insights gained from the intensive research carried out over the last decades on the linguistic reality of this vast territory. In the 20 overview chapters, internationally renowned experts give detailed yet concise information on a wide range of language-internal as well as external synchronic and diachronic topics. Most of this information is the fruit of large-scale language documentation and description projects, such as the project on the linguistic norm of educated speakers (NURC), the project “Grammar of spoken Portuguese”, and the project “Towards a History of Brazilian Portuguese” (PHPB), among others. Further chapters of high contemporary interest and relevance include the study of linguistic policies and psycholinguistics. The manual offers theoretical insights of general interest, not least since many chapters present the linguistic data in the light of a combination of formal, functional, generative and sociolinguistic approaches. This rather unique feature of the volume is achieved by the double authorship of some of the relevant chapters, thus bringing together and synthesizing different perspectives. |
| tupi e guarani: The Legend of Iguassu Falls C.W. Peters, 2013-12-19 The Legend of Iguassu Falls is an embellished Brasilian folktale recounting the mystery and beauty behind the creation of Iguassu Falls, one of the seven natural wonders in South America. This story describes life in the rainforest for the native Caingangue and Healer tribes. These two hostile and culturally different tribes try to survive the tests of nature, disease epidemics, and the wrath of a jealous ancient god. In learning the secrets of the forest, the tribes come to respect nature and each other, but they struggle to balance their own desires with the expectations of the tribal leaders. This story is their belief of how Iguassu Falls was formed. Today we dream of escaping the paper, people, and walls that clutter our lives. A visit to Iguassu Falls is more than just a getaway; it is a journey that will fill your soul and renew your faith in the splendor of naturea place that pulsates with adventure and laughter. Close your eyesor better yet, goand see breathtaking vistas, hear Iguassus roar, feel the power of the Devils Throat, and experience the exotic sights and sounds of a lush rainforest. Immerse yourselflet Taroba and Naipi show you how to become a part of the world that is seen by only the uncommon adventurerYOU. |
| tupi e guarani: Landscapes of Movement and Predation Brenda J. Bowser, Catherine M. Cameron, 2024-10-15 Landscapes of Movement and Predation is a global study of times and places where people were subject to brutality, displacement, and loss of life, liberty, livelihood, and possessions. Extensive landscapes of predation emerged in the colonial era when Europeans expanded across much of the world, appropriating land and demanding labor from Indigenous people, resulting in the enslavement of millions of Africans and Indigenous Americans. Landscapes of predation also developed in precolonial times in places where people were subjected to repeated ruthless attacks and dislocation. With contributions from archaeologists and a historian, the book provides a startling new perspective on an aspect of the past that is often overlooked: the role of violence in shaping where, how, and with whom people lived. Using ethnohistoric, ethnographic, historic, and archaeological data, the authors explore the actions of both predators and their targets and uncover the myriad responses people took to protect themselves. Contributors Fernando Almeida Thomas John Biginagwa Brenda J. Bowser Catherine M. Cameron Charles Cobb Robbie Ethridge Thiago Kater Richard M. Leventhal Lydia Wilson Marshall Cliverson Pessoa Neil Price Ben Raffield Andrés Reséndez Samantha Seyler Fabíola Andréa Silva |
| tupi e guarani: Secularisation Christopher Hartney, 2014-06-02 Secularisation: New Historical Perspectives unveils an exciting range of case studies exploring emerging research in secularisation with an international outlook. Inspired by scholarship conducted by the Religious History Association, this collected volume questions the paradigm of secularisation by exploring its historical manifestations and making projections as to the future divide between religious life and the secular world. A must-read for anyone interested in events and personalities that shaped the religious landscape of the present, this volume contains meticulous historical research. It also presents a strong focus on the Southern Hemisphere, which is often largely absent in discussions of secularity. Topics covered here include schisms between secularism and Christianity in Australia and on a global scale; Jesuit frontier missions in Ibero-America; the publically religious displays of the Salvation Army; competition between church life and emerging recreational pursuits at the turn of the century; Joseph Fletcher’s contributions ethical secularity; the privileged place of Christianity within the Queensland educational system; notions of religiously justified violence amongst the ANZAC forces; and the ongoing debate between constitutional secularity and Christian nationhood in the United States of America from its foundation up until the present day. The latter part of the volume explores the secularisation paradigm as a cultural creation in its own right – an important consideration for any scholar in this field. To this end, the authors explore the mythic status of secularisation as a social and historical concept; question the validity of historical approaches to this discourse; explore whether or not definitions of ‘religion’ are too conservative to be workable; and pose the question of whether or not secular institutions like state museums are really what they claim to be. The role of religion in public life is a fascinating question to explore, and one that must be tackled via a truly international exploration of secularisation. So too must the inquisitive scholar consider the very nature of the terms employed in research. Secularisation: New Historical Perspectives is the perfect toolkit for such investigations. |
| tupi e guarani: Proceedings of the VIIth GSCP International Conference. Speech and Corpora Massimo Pettorino, Heliana Mello, Tommaso Raso, 2012 The 7th International Conference of the Gruppo di Studi sulla Comunicazione Parlata, dedicated to the memory of Claire Blanche-Benveniste, chose as its main theme Speech and Corpora. The wide international origin of the 235 authors from 21 countries and 95 institutions led to papers on many different languages. The 89 papers of this volume reflect the themes of the conference: spoken corpora compilation and annotation, with the technological connected fields; the relation between prosody and pragmatics; speech pathologies; and different papers on phonetics, speech and linguistic analysis, pragmatics and sociolinguistics. Many papers are also dedicated to speech and second language studies. The online publication with FUP allows direct access to sound and video linked to papers (when downloaded). |
| tupi e guarani: Handbook of Indigenous Religion(s) Greg Johnson, Siv Ellen Kraft, 2017-06-06 Extremely distant and distinct indigenous communities have over recent decades become more like themselves and more like each other – a paradox prevalent globally but inadequately explained by established analytical frames, particularly with regard to religion. Addressing this rich and unfolding context, the Handbook of Indigenous Religion(s) engages a wide variety of locations and perspectives. Drawing upon the efforts of a diverse group of scholars working at the intersection of indigenous studies and religious studies, this volume includes a programmatic introduction that argues for new ways of conceptualizing the field of indigenous religion(s), numerous case study-based examples, and an Afterword by Thomas Tweed. |
| tupi e guarani: Catalog of the Latin American Collection University of Texas at Austin. Library. Latin American Collection, 1969 |
| tupi e guarani: Revista do Arquivo Municipal de São Paulo , 1937 |
| tupi e guarani: Encyclopedia of Linguistics Philipp Strazny, 2013-02-01 Utilizing a historical and international approach, this valuable two-volume resource makes even the more complex linguistic issues understandable for the non-specialized reader. Containing over 500 alphabetically arranged entries and an expansive glossary by a team of international scholars, the Encyclopedia of Linguistics explores the varied perspectives, figures, and methodologies that make up the field. |
| tupi e guarani: Lexical Categories and Root Classes in Amerindian Languages Ximena Lois, Valentina Vapnarsky, 2006 The problem of lexical categories and root class determination is fundamental in linguistic description and theory. Research on this topic has been particularly stimulated by studies of Amerindian languages. The essays in this collection, written by specialists in languages from South, Middle and North America, provide new insights into processes, levels, functions, and the aquisition of lexical categories, from various recent theoretical perspectives. The volume also addresses recent debates about root indeterminacy. Focusing on morphosyntax, phonology, and semantics, the contributions offer invaluable material for typological generalizations and for comprehension of the nature of the mental lexicon. |
| tupi e guarani: Guarani Linguistics in the 21st Century , 2017-05-15 In Guarani Linguistics in the 21st Century Bruno Estigarribia and Justin Pinta bring together a series of state-of-the-art linguistic studies of the Guarani language. Guarani is the only indigenous language of the Americas that is spoken by a non-indigenous majority. In 1992, it achieved official status in Paraguay, on a par with Spanish. Current language planning efforts focus on its standardization for use in education, administration, science, and technology. In this context, it is of paramount importance to have a solid understanding of Guarani that is well-grounded in modern linguistic theory. This volume aims to fulfil that role and spur further research of this important South American language. |
| tupi e guarani: History of Linguistics 2005 Douglas A. Kibbee, 2007-11-28 As each period in the history of the language sciences has chosen to focus on different key questions, the study of that history promises to open our eyes to the variety of interesting questions that can be asked, and answered – taking off the blinders of contemporary preoccupations. September 1–5, 2005, linguists from twenty-five countries gathered at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to share their passion for the history of their discipline. This volume is a distillation of many fine contributions from that conference, shedding light on the many different approaches to the study of language. |
| tupi e guarani: The Oxford Handbook of Word Classes Eva van Lier, 2023-12-07 This handbook explores multiple facets of the study of word classes, also known as parts of speech or lexical categories. These categories are of fundamental importance to linguistic theory and description, both formal and functional, and for both language-internal analyses and cross-linguistic comparison. The volume consists of five parts that investigate word classes from different angles. Chapters in the first part address a range of fundamental issues including diversity and unity in word classes around the world, categorization at different levels of structure, the distinction between lexical and functional words, and hybrid categories. Part II examines the treatment of word classes across a wide range of contemporary linguistic theories, such as Cognitive Grammar, Minimalist Syntax, and Lexical Functional Grammar, while the focus of Part III is on individual word classes, from major categories such as verb and noun to minor ones such as adpositions and ideophones. Part IV provides a number of cross-linguistic case studies, exploring word classes in families including Afroasiatic, Sinitic, Mayan, Austronesian, and in sign languages. Chapters in the final part of the book discuss word classes from the perspective of various sub-disciplines of linguistics, ranging from first and second language acquisition to computational and corpus linguistics. Together, the contributions showcase the importance of word classes for the whole discipline of linguistics, while also highlighting the many ongoing debates in the areas and outlining fruitful avenues for future research. |
| tupi e guarani: Warfare and Shamanism in Amazonia Carlos Fausto, 2012-03-19 Describes the culture of the Parakanã, a little-known indigenous people of Amazonia, focusing on conflict and ritual. |
| tupi e guarani: A função social da guerra na sociedade tupinambá Florestan Fernandes, 2020-03-23 A Editora Contracorrente tem a honra de anunciar a reedição da obra A função social da guerra na sociedade tupinambá, terceiro volume da coleção Florestan Fernandes, coordenada pelo professor Bernardo Ricupero. O prefácio desta edição é do professor Renato Sztutman e o posfácio é uma entrevista inédita com o professor Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Originalmente, este livro foi a tese defendida por Florestan, em 1951, na ocasião do seu doutorado na Universidade de São Paulo. Estruturado em três livros, o primeiro aborda a tecnologia guerreira, o segundo fala sobre os mecanismos tribais de controle social e a guerra, e, por fim, o terceiro apresenta as conclusões da investigação com três contribuições diferentes do trabalho. A obra é um clássico que trata da guerra, da magia e da religião como questões centrais para entender como o inimigo era essencial na produção da sociedade tupinambá. Nas palavras de Sztutman: como ele mesmo pontuou, para que o Brasil viesse à existência, os brasis tiveram de ser pacificados, e essa paz não se fez com pouco sangue, com pouca violência; pelo contrário, da guerra que visava a captura do inimigo destinado ao ritual de sacrifício passava-se à guerra pacificadora, a ́guerra justa`, conquista de terras e de almas, motor de aniquilação. |
| tupi e guarani: O Livro Dos 10.000 Nomes Sérgio Coqueijo G. Vianna, 2018-12-14 O principal objetivo deste livro é fornecer ao leitor o significo do seu nome, mas também tem como objetivo dar significado aos nomes de personagens históricos, mitológicos e bíblicos, de artistas, escritores, historiadores, cientistas e as mais diversas personalidades do mundo atual. Os nomes apresentados neste livro são: nomes próprios de pessoas e suas variantes, sobrenomes e topônimos. Os nomes às vezes são meramente títulos honoríficos, nome de plantas, animais e apelidos que às vezes terminam por virar novos nomes próprios ou sobrenomes. |
Dicionário dos principais termos indígenas (Tupi Guarani) …
Mandacaru: do tupi guarani manda-caru, que significa “molho comestível”. Mandioca - principal alimento dos indígenas brasileiros, sendo conhecida também como: aipim e macaxeira.
Dicionário de Tupi-Guarani A - Fundação Nacional dos …
Guarani(1): raça indígena do interior da América do Sul tropical, habitante desde o Centro Oeste brasileiro até o norte da Argentina, pertencente à grande nação tupi-guarani. Guarani (2): …
APOSTILA DE LÍNGUA E CULTURA TUPI GUARANI
Curso de Línguas e Cultura Tupi-Guarani Introdução As línguas indígenas do Brasil, são as línguas falados pelos povos indígenas que estão distrbuidas em todo território nacional. Assim …
Tupi E Guarani - netsec.csuci.edu
Are you fascinated by the vibrant cultures and histories of South America? Then you'll want to delve into the world of Tupi and Guarani, two incredibly influential indigenous language …
O tronco tupi e as suas famílias de línguas. Classificação e …
Finalmente, oferecemos uma breve descrição tipológica dos principais traços fonológicos e morfossintáticos do tupinambá, também chamado de tupi antigo, e do guarani antigo, as …
EVIDÊNCIAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS PARA A ORIGEM DOS …
grupos Tupi-Guarani na bacia do alto Madeira para mais de alguns séculos. Os únicos Tupi-Guarani do sudoeste amazônico, os Kagwahiva de Rondônia e os Guarani das terras baixas …
Correspondências lexicais e fonológicas entre tupí-guaraní e …
recente. l A comunica9ao de 1961, intitulada "Tupí-Guaraní e Tuparí - urna co1npara9ao", consistiu na compara9ao siste1nática dos fonemas do Tuparí com os do Tupinambá com …
INTRODUÇÃO AO TUPI - etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com
Na América do Sul, só mais duas outras línguas sobressaem ao lado do tupi: o guarani e o quíchua. O último por ter sido a língua dos incas, o primeiro pela projeção alcançada por …
O que é tupi-guarani? - ResearchGate
linguísticas e culturais que ficaram conhecidas como tupi e guarani. Estes Ztupis e guaranis se aparentavam com vários povos das regiões orientais da Amazônia, cujas culturas e línguas...
Histórico do Tupi Guarani
fala Tupi-Guarani, principalmente os tupiniquins e outras tribos amigas aos primeiros. José de Anchieta, que viveu 44 anos no Brasil, aprendeu o tupi-guarani com os índios guaianases, de …
BIBLIOGRAFIA ETNOLÓGICA BÁSICA TUPI-GUARANI
Uma introdução à bibliografia Tupi-Guarani deve começar pelos tra-balhos de Alfred Métraux, o primeiro antropólogo a explorar sistemati-camente os dados dos "cronistas" quinhentistas e …
Diferenças fonéticas entre o Tupí e o Guaraní - UnB
Ao se assinalarem as diferenças fonéticas existentes entre os ramos Tupí e Guaraní, sempre tem sido frisada a contraposição de vocábulos paroxíto-nos tupís a vocábulos oxítonos guaranís, …
A pintura em cerâmica Tupiguarani - Fundação Nacional dos …
A cultura dos povos indígenas falantes da línguas tupi e guarani é conhecida principalmente pelos relatos de cronistas da época do Descobrimento e dos primeiros tempos da colonização …
A marcação hierárquica: Línguas do sub-ramo tupi-guarani
Os marcadores de pessoa na língua mbya, da família linguística tupi (ramo maweti-guarani), apresentam uma cisão nos verbos intransitivos: os ‘ativos’ e os ‘estativos’. Os verbos …
Internal classification of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic family
Classification. Based on retained items and inno vations common to the phonemic systems of the languages studied as compared to the system reconstructed for the proto language, the …
TRONCO TUPI, FAMÍLIA TUPI-GUARANI E LÍNGUA …
Uma vez tratada como família linguística, "tupi-guarani" serviu de ponto de partida para um estudo mais aprofundado de um grupo de línguas que, graças às pesquisas prin-cipalmente …
Reconstructing Negation Morphemes and Constructions in …
Introduction. Goal: Describe the evolution of negation in the Tupí-Guaraní (TG) family. Based on ancestral state reconstruction methods from computational phylogenetics. Results:
Lexical Phylogenetics of the Tupí-Guaraní Family: Language, …
• Tupi archeological record Fig 1. The Tupí-Guaraní languages used in this study (in green) and the Tupían (non-TG) Awetí (in blue), and Mawé (in red), along with the distribution of the TG …
Tupis, tapuias e historiadores: estudos de história indígena e …
Title: Tupis, tapuias e historiadores: estudos de história indígena e do indigenismo Author: John M. Monteiro Keywords: Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendajú http ...
Origem e dispersão dos Tupiguarani: o que diz a morfologia …
1 Neste trabalho, assume-se uma grande identidade entre o termo Tupiguarani, vindo da arqueologia, e o termo Tupi-Guarani, derivado da linguística. Embora cientes das implicações …
Dicionário dos principais termos indígenas (Tupi Guarani) …
Mandacaru: do tupi guarani manda-caru, que significa “molho comestível”. Mandioca - principal alimento dos indígenas brasileiros, sendo conhecida também como: aipim e macaxeira.
Dicionário de Tupi-Guarani A - Fundação Nacional dos …
Guarani(1): raça indígena do interior da América do Sul tropical, habitante desde o Centro Oeste brasileiro até o norte da Argentina, pertencente à grande nação tupi-guarani. Guarani (2): grupo …
APOSTILA DE LÍNGUA E CULTURA TUPI GUARANI - Instituto …
Curso de Línguas e Cultura Tupi-Guarani Introdução As línguas indígenas do Brasil, são as línguas falados pelos povos indígenas que estão distrbuidas em todo território nacional. Assim como as …
Tupi E Guarani - netsec.csuci.edu
Are you fascinated by the vibrant cultures and histories of South America? Then you'll want to delve into the world of Tupi and Guarani, two incredibly influential indigenous language families that …
O tronco tupi e as suas famílias de línguas. Classificação e …
Finalmente, oferecemos uma breve descrição tipológica dos principais traços fonológicos e morfossintáticos do tupinambá, também chamado de tupi antigo, e do guarani antigo, as línguas …
EVIDÊNCIAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS PARA A ORIGEM DOS TUPI …
grupos Tupi-Guarani na bacia do alto Madeira para mais de alguns séculos. Os únicos Tupi-Guarani do sudoeste amazônico, os Kagwahiva de Rondônia e os Guarani das terras baixas bolivianas, …
Correspondências lexicais e fonológicas entre tupí-guaraní e …
recente. l A comunica9ao de 1961, intitulada "Tupí-Guaraní e Tuparí - urna co1npara9ao", consistiu na compara9ao siste1nática dos fonemas do Tuparí com os do Tupinambá com base num …
INTRODUÇÃO AO TUPI - etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com
Na América do Sul, só mais duas outras línguas sobressaem ao lado do tupi: o guarani e o quíchua. O último por ter sido a língua dos incas, o primeiro pela projeção alcançada por motivos análogos …
O que é tupi-guarani? - ResearchGate
linguísticas e culturais que ficaram conhecidas como tupi e guarani. Estes Ztupis e guaranis se aparentavam com vários povos das regiões orientais da Amazônia, cujas culturas e línguas...
Histórico do Tupi Guarani
fala Tupi-Guarani, principalmente os tupiniquins e outras tribos amigas aos primeiros. José de Anchieta, que viveu 44 anos no Brasil, aprendeu o tupi-guarani com os índios guaianases, de São …
BIBLIOGRAFIA ETNOLÓGICA BÁSICA TUPI-GUARANI
Uma introdução à bibliografia Tupi-Guarani deve começar pelos tra-balhos de Alfred Métraux, o primeiro antropólogo a explorar sistemati-camente os dados dos "cronistas" quinhentistas e …
Diferenças fonéticas entre o Tupí e o Guaraní - UnB
Ao se assinalarem as diferenças fonéticas existentes entre os ramos Tupí e Guaraní, sempre tem sido frisada a contraposição de vocábulos paroxíto-nos tupís a vocábulos oxítonos guaranís, …
A pintura em cerâmica Tupiguarani - Fundação Nacional dos …
A cultura dos povos indígenas falantes da línguas tupi e guarani é conhecida principalmente pelos relatos de cronistas da época do Descobrimento e dos primeiros tempos da colonização do Brasil.
A marcação hierárquica: Línguas do sub-ramo tupi-guarani
Os marcadores de pessoa na língua mbya, da família linguística tupi (ramo maweti-guarani), apresentam uma cisão nos verbos intransitivos: os ‘ativos’ e os ‘estativos’. Os verbos …
Internal classification of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic family
Classification. Based on retained items and inno vations common to the phonemic systems of the languages studied as compared to the system reconstructed for the proto language, the …
TRONCO TUPI, FAMÍLIA TUPI-GUARANI E LÍNGUA …
Uma vez tratada como família linguística, "tupi-guarani" serviu de ponto de partida para um estudo mais aprofundado de um grupo de línguas que, graças às pesquisas prin-cipalmente de Aryon …
Reconstructing Negation Morphemes and Constructions …
Introduction. Goal: Describe the evolution of negation in the Tupí-Guaraní (TG) family. Based on ancestral state reconstruction methods from computational phylogenetics. Results:
Lexical Phylogenetics of the Tupí-Guaraní Family: Language, …
• Tupi archeological record Fig 1. The Tupí-Guaraní languages used in this study (in green) and the Tupían (non-TG) Awetí (in blue), and Mawé (in red), along with the distribution of the TG …
Tupis, tapuias e historiadores: estudos de história indígena e …
Title: Tupis, tapuias e historiadores: estudos de história indígena e do indigenismo Author: John M. Monteiro Keywords: Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendajú http ...
Origem e dispersão dos Tupiguarani: o que diz a morfologia
1 Neste trabalho, assume-se uma grande identidade entre o termo Tupiguarani, vindo da arqueologia, e o termo Tupi-Guarani, derivado da linguística. Embora cientes das implicações …
