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The Science of the Cross: Unveiling Edith Stein's Profound Philosophy
Edith Stein, a 20th-century philosopher and Carmelite nun, left an indelible mark on the world with her profound philosophical work, culminating in her masterpiece, The Science of the Cross. This isn't simply a religious text; it's a rigorous philosophical exploration of suffering, empathy, and the transformative power of embracing the cross. This blog post delves into the core tenets of The Science of the Cross, exploring its philosophical underpinnings, its relevance to contemporary life, and its enduring legacy. We'll unpack Stein's unique perspective, examining how she synthesizes phenomenology, mysticism, and Christian theology to offer a compelling understanding of human experience and the path to spiritual growth.
H2: Edith Stein's Intellectual Journey: From Phenomenology to Carmel
Before understanding The Science of the Cross, it's crucial to grasp Stein's intellectual trajectory. Initially drawn to phenomenology, the philosophical approach focusing on lived experience, she studied under Edmund Husserl, becoming a prominent figure in the field. However, her intellectual journey took a significant turn with her conversion to Catholicism. This conversion wasn't a sudden shift but rather a gradual process fueled by her deep philosophical inquiry and a growing awareness of the limitations of purely secular perspectives. This background in rigorous phenomenological analysis informs her later mystical writing, providing a solid framework for understanding her unique approach to exploring faith and suffering.
H2: Embracing the Cross: A Phenomenological Approach to Suffering
The Science of the Cross isn't a passive acceptance of suffering; it's an active engagement with it. Stein meticulously analyzes the phenomenon of suffering, viewing it not as something to be avoided or simply endured, but as an essential aspect of human existence and a pathway to profound spiritual transformation. She applies phenomenological methods to understand the lived experience of suffering, exploring its various dimensions – physical, emotional, and spiritual – with a precision that avoids simplistic interpretations.
H3: The Cross as a Symbol of Participation in Christ's Suffering
For Stein, the "cross" isn't merely a symbol of a historical event; it represents a profound participation in Christ's suffering and a sharing in the redemptive power of his sacrifice. She argues that embracing suffering, in the spirit of Christ, allows us to connect with the deepest realities of human existence and to transcend the limitations of our individual ego. This is not masochism but a conscious act of self-giving, a participation in the divine love that transcends the boundaries of the individual.
H2: The Power of Empathy and the Path to Compassion
Stein's philosophy emphasizes the crucial role of empathy in understanding and responding to suffering. By deeply entering into the experience of another's pain, we develop compassion – not merely pity, but a profound understanding that transcends the boundaries of our own ego. This empathetic engagement is essential to her understanding of the cross, as it allows us to share in the suffering of others and participate in their redemption.
H3: The Mystical Dimension: Union with God Through Suffering
Stein's profound faith is integral to her understanding of the cross. She sees suffering as a pathway to union with God, a mystical experience achievable through self-emptying and complete surrender to divine will. This mystical aspect isn't separate from her phenomenological analysis; rather, it complements it, offering a deeper understanding of the spiritual dimensions of suffering and its transformative power.
H2: The Enduring Legacy of The Science of the Cross
The Science of the Cross continues to resonate with readers today because it offers a profound and insightful approach to grappling with suffering, a universal human experience. Its impact extends beyond theological circles, offering valuable insights for anyone seeking to understand the complexities of human existence and the search for meaning in the face of adversity. Its emphasis on empathy and compassion remains especially relevant in a world often marked by conflict and suffering. Stein's work challenges us to move beyond simplistic solutions and engage with suffering in a meaningful and transformative way.
Conclusion
Edith Stein's The Science of the Cross remains a powerful and relevant text, offering a unique and insightful exploration of suffering, empathy, and spiritual transformation. By combining rigorous philosophical analysis with profound mystical insight, Stein presents a compelling vision of human existence and the pathway to spiritual growth through the embrace of the cross. Her work continues to inspire and challenge readers to engage with the complexities of life and find meaning in the midst of adversity.
FAQs
1. Is The Science of the Cross only for religious individuals? No, while rooted in Christian theology, The Science of the Cross offers profound insights into the human condition and the experience of suffering, making it relevant to individuals of all faiths or no faith. The phenomenological approach allows for a broad application of its principles.
2. How does Stein's phenomenological background influence her work? Stein’s phenomenological training shaped her approach by focusing on the lived experience of suffering, allowing her to analyze it with precision and detail, avoiding generalizations and preconceived notions.
3. What is the difference between pity and compassion according to Stein? Stein distinguishes pity as a superficial response to suffering, while compassion involves a deep empathetic understanding and engagement with another's pain, leading to a desire for shared redemption.
4. How can we practically apply Stein's ideas in our daily lives? We can cultivate empathy and compassion through conscious acts of listening, understanding, and offering support to those suffering. This includes actively seeking to understand others' perspectives and engaging with their experiences with genuine care.
5. Where can I find more information about Edith Stein and her work? Numerous biographies and scholarly articles exist on Edith Stein. Start with searching online for "Edith Stein biography" and exploring resources from Catholic institutions and academic databases. Several translations of The Science of the Cross are also readily available.
| the science of the cross edith stein: The Science of the Cross Saint Edith Stein, Josephine Koeppel OCD, 2002-03-10 To help celebrate the fourth centenary of the birth of St. John of the Cross in 1542, Edith Stein received the task of preparing a study of his writings. She uses her skill as a philosopher to enter into an illuminating reflection on the difference between the two symbols of cross and night. Pointing out how entering the night is synonymous with carrying the cross, she provides a condensed presentation of John's thought on the active and passive nights, as discussed in The Ascent of Mount Carmel and The Dark Night. All of this leads Edith to speak of the glory of resurrection that the soul shares, through a unitive contemplation described chiefly in The Living Flame of Love. In the summer of 1942, the Nazis without warrant took Edith away. The nuns found the manuscript of this profound study lying open in her room. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: The Science of the Cross Edith Stein, 2002 Overview: To help celebrate the fourth centenary of the birth of St. John of the Cross in 1542, Edith Stein received the task of preparing a study of his writings. She uses her skill as a philosopher to enter into an illuminating reflection on the difference between the two symbols of cross and night. Pointing out how entering the night is synonymous with carrying the cross, she provides a condensed presentation of John's thought on the active and passive nights, as discussed in The Ascent of Mount Carmel and The Dark Night. All of this leads Edith to speak of the glory of resurrection that the soul shares, through a unitive contemplation described chiefly in The Living Flame of Love. In the summer of 1942, the Nazis without warrant took Edith away. The nuns found the manuscript of this profound study lying open in her room. Because of the Nazis' merciless persecution of Jews in Germany, Edith Stein traveled discreetly across the border into Holland to find safe harbor in the Carmel of Echt. But the Nazi invasion of Holland in 1940 again put Edith in danger. The cross weighed down heavily as those of Jewish birth were harassed. Sr. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross's superiors then assigned her a task they thought would take her mind off the threatening situation. The fourth centenary of the birth, of St. John of the Cross (1542) was approaching, and Edith could surely contribute a valuable study for the celebration. It is no surprise that in view of her circumstances she discovered in the subject of the cross a central viewpoint for her study. A subject like this enabled her to grasp John's unity of being as expressed in his life and works. Using her training in phenomenology, she helps the reader apprehend the difference in the symbolic character of cross and night and why the night-symbol prevails in John. She clarifies that detachment is designated by him as a night through which the soul must pass to reach union with God and points out how entering the night is equivalent to carrying the cross. Finally, in a fascinating way Edith speaks of how the heart or fountainhead of personal life, an inmost region, is present in both God and the soul and that in the spiritual marriage this inmost region is surrendered by each to the other. She observes that in the soul seized by God in contemplation all that is mortal is consumed in the fire of eternal love. The spirit as spirit is destined for immortal being, to move through fire along a path from the cross of Christ to the glory of his resurrection. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: The Science of the Cross Saint Edith Stein, 1960 This last work of Edith Stein offers St. John in the unity of his being as it is expressed in his life and work from a point of view that enables us to envisage that unity. Hers is a unique approach to St. John, seeking the essence of his person in relation to the divine pursuit of his soul. This is also a spiritual confession of the author's last days. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein Essays on Woman Edith Stein, 2012-10-30 To help celebrate the fourth centenary of the birth of St. John of the Cross in 1542, Edith Stein received the task of preparing a study of his writings. She uses her skill as a philosopher to enter into an illuminating reflection on the difference between the two symbols of cross and night. Pointing out how entering the night is synonymous with carrying the cross, she provides a condensed presentation of John's thought on the active and passive nights, as discussed in The Ascent of Mount Carmel and The Dark Night. All of this leads Edith to speak of the glory of resurrection that the soul shares, through a unitive contemplation described chiefly in The Living Flame of Love. In the summer of 1942, the Nazis without warrant took Edith away. The nuns found the manuscript of this profound study lying open in her room. Because of the Nazis' merciless persecution of Jews in Germany, Edith Stein traveled discreetly across the border into Holland to find safe harbor in the Carmel of Echt. But the Nazi invasion of Holland in 1940 again put Edith in danger. The cross weighed down heavily as those of Jewish birth were harassed. Sr. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross's superiors then assigned her a task they thought would take her mind off the threatening situation. The fourth centenary of the birth, of St. John of the Cross (1542) was approaching, and Edith could surely contribute a valuable study for the celebration. It is no surprise that in view of her circumstances she discovered in the subject of the cross a central viewpoint for her study. A subject like this enabled her to grasp John's unity of being as expressed in his life and works. Using her training in phenomenology, she helps the reader apprehend the difference in the symbolic character of cross and night and why the night-symbol prevails in John. She clarifies that detachment is designated by him as a night through which the soul must pass to reach union with God and points out how entering the night is equivalent to carrying the cross. Finally, in a fascinating way Edith speaks of how the heart or fountainhead of personal life, an inmost region, is present in both God and the soul and that in the spiritual marriage this inmost region is surrendered by each to the other. She observes that in the soul seized by God in contemplation all that is mortal is consumed in the fire of eternal love. The spirit as spirit is destined for immortal being, to move through fire along a path from the cross of Christ to the glory of his resurrection. Book includes two photos and fully linked index. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein Maria Ruiz Scaperlanda, 2017 In the wake of World War I when neither Jews nor women were widely accepted in academia, Edith Stein rose to prominence as a leading intellectual in Germany. She was a passionate and brilliant philosopher who lived and thrived in the intellectual university community of Germany. She was also a young Jewish woman who shocked her intellectual community when she fell in love with Jesus Christ and became a Roman Catholic. More shocking still, eleven years later, Edith entered the cloistered Carmelite order to follow a life of mystic and contemplative prayer in the cloister under the name Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. Edith Stein’s surrender to grace is all the more visible because of the dark night that enveloped the period of history in which she lived and died — years when millions of men and women, including Edith Stein herself, were systematically murdered by the Nazi regime in the name of diligent ethnic cleansing. Today, as the meaning of feminism is lost in a world of relativism, Edith Stein provides a model for a true feminist woman who authentically integrates faith, family, and work. In these pages, award-winning journalist Maria Ruiz Scaperlanda brings new light to this complex woman, her culture, and the pivotal period of history in which she lived and died. More than a biography, these pages paint a multifaceted portrait of Edith Stein as seen by scholars, friends, and relatives – and by Catholics and Jews alike. You’ll gain new insights into the complex aspects of her life and death, as well as the impact of her character and personality on those who knew her. But most of all, you will enter into the interior life of this woman of Jewish descent who transformed her entire life because of her encounter with Jesus Christ, an encounter that led her from the depths of atheism to the heights of sainthood. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein and Companions P. W. F. M. Hamans, 2010-01-01 On the same summer day in 1942, Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) and hundreds of other Catholic Jews were arrested in Holland by the occupying Nazis. One hundred thirteen of those taken into custody, several of them priests and nuns, perished at Auschwitz and other concentration camps. They were murdered in retaliation for the anti-Nazi pastoral letter written by the Dutch Catholic bishops. While Saint Teresa Benedicta is the most famous member of this group, having been canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1998, all of them deserve the title of martyr, for they were killed not only because they were Jews but also because of the faith of the Church, which had compelled the Dutch bishops to protest the Nazi regime. Through extensive research in both original and secondary sources, P.W.F.M. Hamans has compiled these martyrs' biographies, several of them detailed and accompanied by photographs. Included in this volume are some remarkable conversion stories, including that of Edith Stein, the German philosopher who had entered the Church in 1922 and later became a Carmelite nun, taking the name Sister Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. Several of the witnesses chronicled here had already suffered for their faith in Christ before falling victim to Hitler's Final Solution, enduring both rejection by their own people, including family members, and persecution by the so-called Christian society in which they lived. Among these were those who, also like Sister Teresa Benedicta, perceived the cross they were being asked to bear and accepted it willingly for the salvation of the world. Illustrated |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein the Life of a Philosopher and Carmelite Teresia Renata Posselt OCD, 2012-06-29 Having been out of print for half a century, the original text is here re-edited and enhanced by scholarly perspectives and updated and corrected in the light of knowledge which was not available to the author at the time. Book includes 9 photos. More Information Enriched by a broader range of contemporary literature about the philosopher, educator, spiritual writer, and victim of the catastrophe that engulfed her as part of her Jewish people, this new presentation of the biography everyone cites so frequently brings the reader closer to the real Edith Stein. The editors have avoided weighing down this engaging life story with intrusive scholarly notes and commentaries. Instead they have relegated such material to a separate section of “Gleanings.” This gives the reader the option of enjoying the biography unencumbered by supplementary matter or delving into the Gleanings when desired. The three editors/translators are close to the Stein family as well as to her Carmelite family which she entered in 1933. Susanne Batzdorff is Edith Stein’s niece, who has known her in person. Josephine Koeppel and John Sullivan are both Carmelites who have occupied themselves with the life and work of the saint and have talked with several Carmelite religious who lived with Edith Stein. Complementing their notes and comments that deepen the knowledge of the famous phenomenologist and Carmelite is an insightful “Foreword” contributed by Sr. Amata Neyer, OCD, who knew Posselt personally. She has served as prioress of the Cologne Carmel and as archivist for its Edith Stein Archive. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein Sarah R. Borden, 2003 Edith Stein was beatified in 1987 and canonized in 1998 but is still relatively unknown in the English-speaking world. She provides an example of a Christian thinker deeply engaged in the debates of her own day, and her work offers models and insights for addressing the questions of the twenty-first century. Sarah Borden presents an overview of St Edith Stein's life and thought, beginning with a biographical chapter and then covering the major areas in which she wrote. These include her early work in phenomenology, her political writings, her studies on women and women's education, as well her later turn to medieval metaphysics, and spiritual and religious texts. The final chapter covers the controversies surrounding Stein's beatification and canonization. Arranged by topic and proceeding largely in chronological order, the book is accessible and aimed at a general audience, although the material is presented in such a way as to be useful to specialists. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Brotherhood of Saints Melanie Rigney, 2020-11-06 In this page-a-day book, Melanie Rigney gives us a panoply of widely known and more obscure saints who show the way to be better disciples of Christ. They offer compelling examples of how to meet the challenges of daily life, be strengthened in your faith, and become the man God created you to be. While no such book would be complete without entries on Peter, Paul, the Francises, Anthony of Padua, Augustine and the other Doctors of the Church, Ignatius of Loyola, Benedict, John, John Paul, and so on, it will also include many of the men canonized in the past fifty years, including Oscar Romero, Louis Martin, Francisco Marto, José Gabriel del Rosario Brochero, Junipero Serra, and the martyrs of Otranto, Natal, Korea, and the Spanish Civil War. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: The Philosophy of Edith Stein Antonio Calcagno, 2007 For most philosophers, the work of Edith Stein continues to be eclipsed and relegated to obscurity. This work presents an excellent cross-section of Stein's writings and demonstrates the timeliness and relevance of her ideas for contemporary philosophical scholarship. Antonio Calcagno covers most of Edith Stein's philosophical life, from her early work with Husserl to her later encounters with medieval Christian thought, as well as a critical and analytical reading of major Steinian texts. Stein was an original thinker who challenged not only the direction in which Husserlian phenomenology was progressing but also sought to bring to philosophical light the relevance of certain key questions, including the meaning of what it is to be human, the relevance of metaphysics to science, and fundamental questions about the nature of God. Working to correct the perception that Stein is either an unfaithful and distorting phenomenologist or a pious Catholic mystic, Calcagno presents important work that has been neglected by both secular and religious scholars. The essays are not merely expository, but discuss the philosophical questions raised by Stein's work from a contemporary perspective, using Stein's original German texts. In its attention to the breadth and depth of Stein's philosophy from its initial development to its more mature form, The Philosophy of Edith Stein offers a new understanding of an individual who left behind an incredible philosophical and literary legacy worthy of scholarly attention. The book will be of interest not only to Stein scholars, but to feminists, phenomenologists, and Heideggerians. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: The Hidden Life Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), Lucy Gelber, Michael Linssen, 1992 this is an inspiring collection of Edith stein's shorter spiritual writings, many available for the first time in English translation. They were composed during her final years, often at the request of her Carmelite superiors. ... [from back cover] |
| the science of the cross edith stein: On the Problem of Empathy Waltraut Stein, 2013-12-11 |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein - Her Life in Photos and Documents Amata Neyer, OCD, 1999 More than a popular biography of a Carmelite saint by one of the leading experts on Edith Stein, this volume also shows us the people and places she knew, with over 100 photos. An excellent book for anyone seeking a brief and readable introduction to Edith Stein's personality and life. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein, a Biography Waltraud Herbstrith, 1992 This is the powerful and moving story of the remarkable Jewish woman who converted to Catholicism, gained fame as a great philosopher in Germany, became a Carmelite nun, and was put to death in a Nazi concentration camp. Recently beatified by Pope John Paul II, Edith Stein was a courageous, intelligent and holy woman who speaks powerfully to us even today. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Knowledge and Faith Edith Stein, 2000 An anthology of work from the last twelve years of Stein's life as she tried to integrate phenomenology and Christianity. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein, a Biography Waltraud Herbstrith, 1985 Regarded today as a Catholic martyr, Edith Stein was a convert from Judaism who became a nun, yet was nonetheless deported by the Nazis to her death in Auschwitz. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Self-Portrait In Letters, 1916-1942 (The Collected Works of Edith Stein, vol. 5) Edith Stein, 2016-08-09 Edith Stein comes alive through these warm, totally attentive letters. She joins a deeply sensitive heart with her keen intelligence, revealing herself to be a wise mentor and a caring friend available to anyone who approached her. Here we learn what was truly important to her: the total well-being of those who treasured her letters enough to preserve them even while suffering the havoc of war and oppression. This volume offers the first English translation of the majority of her surviving letters, with 4 photos and a fully linked index of recipients. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein Saint Edith Stein, Sarah Borden Sharkey, 2016 Not many people would think of philosopher Edith Stein (18911942) as an author on spirituality. And yet, even some of Stein's highly philosophical writings hold spiritual treasures while others are more directly related to the spiritual life. Edith Stein: Selected Writings highlights themes related to spirituality in Edith Stein's output. For those interested in learning more about Stein's writings, but who often find them too dense or challenging, this volume makes some of the spiritual gems of her thought more accessible. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Human and Divine Being Donald Wallenfang, 2017-04-10 Nothing is more dangerous to be misunderstood than the question, What is the human being? In an era when this question is not only being misunderstood but even forgotten, wisdom delivered by the great thinkers and mystics of the past must be recovered. Edith Stein (1891-1942), a Jewish Carmelite mystical philosopher, offers great promise to resume asking the question of the human being. In Human and Divine Being, Donald Wallenfang offers a comprehensive summary of the theological anthropology of this heroic martyr to truth. Beginning with the theme of human vocation, Wallenfang leads the reader through a labyrinth of philosophical and theological vignettes: spiritual being, the human soul, material being, empathy, the logic of the cross, and the meaning of suffering. The question of the human being is asked in light of divine being by harnessing the fertile tension between the methods of phenomenology and metaphysics. Stein spurs us on to a rendezvous with the stream of perennial philosophy that has watered the landscape of thought since conscious time began. In the end, the meaning of human being is thrown into sharp relief against the darkness of all that is not authentically human. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: A Science of the Saints Robert E. Alvis, 2020-04-09 Throughout the church’s long history, Christians have sought out wise mentors to guide them on the journey toward God. A Science of the Saints explores the dynamics of spiritual direction as revealed in the lives and writings of a wide array of exemplary disciples, from the Desert Fathers and Mothers to Thomas Merton, and from St. Teresa of Avila to St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein). This groundbreaking work sheds new light on an essential dimension of the Christian experience, yielding timeless wisdom to inform the practice of spiritual direction in our own day. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Empathy Vanessa Lux, Sigrid Weigel, 2017-09-14 This book digs into the complex archaeology of empathy illuminating controversies, epistemic problems and unanswered questions encapsulated within its cross-disciplinary history. The authors ask how a neutral innate capacity to directly understand the actions and feelings of others becomes charged with emotion and moral values associated with altruism or caregiving. They explore how the discovery of the mirror neuron system and its interpretation as the neurobiological basis of empathy has stimulated such an enormous body of research and how in a number of these studies, the moral values and social attitudes underlying empathy in human perception and action are conceptualized as universal traits. It is argued that in the humanities the historical, cultural and scientific genealogies of empathy and its forerunners, such as Einfühlung, have been shown to depend on historical preconditions, cultural procedures, and symbolic systems of production. The multiple semantics of empathy and related concepts are discussed in the context of their cultural and historical foundations, raising questions about these cross-disciplinary constellations. This volume will be of interest to scholars of psychology, art history, cultural research, history of science, literary studies, neuroscience, philosophy and psychoanalysis. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Finite and Eternal Being Edith Stein, 2002 this volume, written by a beginner for beginners bears the imprint of the extraordinary intellectual and spiritual journey of its author, one of the most remarkable women of the twentieth century. born in Breslau into a practicing Jewish family in 1891, Edith Stein abandoned her faith as a teenager and later became a key figure among the early disciples of Edmund Husserl, the founder of phenomenology. ......... [from back cover] |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Potency and Act: Studies Toward a Philosophy of Being Edith Stein, 2009 Potency and Act is the second of three works in which Edith Stein said she endeavored to fulfill her “proper mission’ in philosophy, her “life’s task”: relating the phenomenology of her teacher Edmund Husserl and the scholasticism of St. Thomas Aquinas. But more than “critically comparing” the two ways of thinking, she wished to “fuse” them into her own “philosophical system,” searching for that perennial philosophy lying “beyond ages and peoples, common to all who honestly seek truth.” More Information Edith Stein was a Jewish phenomenologist who became a Catholic after reading the autobiography of St. Teresa of Jesus and entered the order of Discalced Carmelites founded by the saint. Stein died in Auschwitz in 1942 and was herself canonized in 1998 as St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. Her philosophical thinking had been formed by Husserl, but she came to “find a home in Aquinas’s thought world.” In Potency and Act she “aimed to get from scholasticism to phenomenology and vice versa” and “allow the two ways of doing philosophy to come to resolution within herself.” The first of the three works in which she carried out her mission was a play where Husserl and Aquinas appear on stage to discuss their agreements and differences (in Knowledge and Faith, ICS Publications, Edith Stein’s Collected Works, vol. 8). The second, Potency and Act, was written in 1931 but published for the first time in 1998. The third was her major work, Finite and Eternal Being, written around 1935 and also published posthumously, in 1950 (Collected Works, vol. 9). Potency and Act is complementary to Finite and Eternal Being, for they are quite different in content. The approach to the study of being in Potency and Act is “modal” as the title implies; her treatment of possible worlds and of form prescribing possibilities relates to phenomenological themes and also to recent developments in logical semantics. Philosophy of religion, of course, is a central concern. We reach God not only through faith and contemplation, she says, but “by thinking,” using “logical reasoning” both from the world without (as in St. Thomas) and from the world within (“the way of St. Augustine”); indeed, God’s existence is also a “purely formal conclusion.” Her many searching analyses are suggestive in their own right: on human freedom, temporality, self-knowledge, individuality, evolution (which she “fits into the “scholastic world view”), atheism, eschatology. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Heart Speaks unto Heart Jan Kłos, 2021-08-09 Both Newman and Stein present a mature response to the challenges of their eras. In like manner they reflect splendid examples of genuine persons in the grip of disrupting cultural trends. They show the primacy of individual conscience and the importance of individual integrity even at the expense of social ostracism and extermination. Newman and Stein are outstanding witnesses of individual freedom vis-à-vis social and political systems. This book uniquely combines the biographies of these two figures in order to show that no matter what kind of circumstances we may live in, loyalty to one’s own self is the most significant part of life. In a penetrating account of Newman and Edith Stein, Jan Kłos explores the spirituality of two saints, each of them 'speaking to our time'. By explorations of their life and work, the author provides a wealth of insights for the twenty-first century. At once sensitive and learned, Jan Kłos's Heart Speaks unto Heart is a volume to be treasured and read again. - Prof. Andrew Breeze, Universidad de Navarra, Spain In this profound and stimulating study, Kłos invites the reader to think, not so much about Newman and Stein as with them, and thus join them in their unique but mutually illuminating efforts to make sense of their faith, their times (still very much our times), themselves, and, ultimately, the mystery of the truth in whose grasp they both lived and died. In translating Newman’s work, Stein discovered herself in communion with him. Heart Speaks unto Heart beautifully explores this communion, and in doing so shows us why it matters. - Prof. Paul Wojda, University of St. Thomas, U.S.A. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Being Unfolded Thomas Gricoski, William Desmond, 2020-02-07 Being Unfolded responds to the question, ‘What is the meaning of being for Edith Stein.’ In Finite and Eternal Being Stein tentatively concludes that ‘being is the unfolding of meaning.’ Neither Stein nor her commentators have elaborated much on this suggestive phrase. Thomas Gricoski argues that Stein’s mature metaphysical project can be developed into an ‘ontology of unfolding.’ The differentiating factor of this ontology is its resistance to both existentialism and essentialism. The ‘ontology of unfolding’ is irreducibly relational. Being Unfolded proceeds by testing a relational hypothesis against Stein’s theory of the modes of being (actual, essential, and mental being). From the phenomenological perspective, Gricoski examines Stein’s theory of the relation of consciousness and being. From the scholastic perspective, he examines Stein’s account of the relation of essence and existence in material being, living being, and human being. And from both perspectives he considers the relation of divine being to actual being and their essences. This book is limited to Stein’s theory of the meaning of being, without making an explicit confrontation with Heidegger. It offers two primary contributions to Stein studies: a systematic analysis of Stein’s modes of being, especially essential being, and an exposition and expansion of her overlooked concept of unfolding. Being Unfolded also contributes to the broader field of contemporary metaphysics by developing Stein’s theory of being as an experiment in fundamental ontology. While other relational ontologies focus on relations between beings, this exploration of unfolding examines being’s inner self-relationality. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Edith Stein Alasdair C. MacIntyre, 2007 Edith Stein lived an unconventional life. Born into a devout Jewish family, she drifted into atheism in her mid teens, took up the study of philosophy, studied with Edmund Husserl, the founder of phenomenology, became a pioneer in the women's movement in Germany, a military nurse in World War I, converted from atheism to Catholic Christianity, became a Carmelite nun, was murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1942, and canonized by Pope John Paul II. Renowned philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre here presents a fascinating account of Edith Stein's formative development as a philosopher. To accomplish this, he offers a concise survey of her context, German philosophy in the first decades of the twentieth century. His treatment of Stein demonstrates how philosophy can form a person and not simply be an academic formulation in the abstract. MacIntyre probes the phenomenon of conversion in Stein as well as contemporaries Franz Rosenzweig, and Georg Luckas. His clear and concise account of Stein's formation in the context of her mentors and colleagues reveals the crucial questions and insights that her writings offer to those who study Husserl, Heidegger or the Thomism of the 1920's and 30's. Written with a clarity that reaches beyond an academic audience, this book will reward careful study by anyone interested in Edith Stein as thinker, pioneer and saint. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Making Saints Kenneth L. Woodward, 1996-07-23 From inside the Vatican, the book that became a modern classic on sainthood in the Catholic Church. Working from church documents, Kenneth Woodward shows how saint-makers decide who is worthy of the church's highest honor. He describes the investigations into lives of candidates, explains how claims for miracles are approved or rejected, and reveals the role politics -- papal and secular -- plays in the ultimate decision. From his examination of such controversial candidates as Archbishop Oscar Romero of El Salvador and Edith Stein, a Jewish philosopher who became a nun and was gassed at Auschwitz, to his insights into the changes Pope John Paul II has instituted, Woodward opens the door on a 2,000-year-old tradition. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: An Investigation Concerning the State St. Edith Stein, 2006 Any state exists only for the benefit of human beings. this basic tenet of Edith Stein's political thought rests on her conviction that humanity is fundamentally one community, precious beyond measure. Differences of race, culture, and language offer us means to grasp the values of life uniquely so that we may share them universally, reaching across all such social boundaries. ..... [from back cover] |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Life in a Jewish Family: An Autobiography, 1891-1916 (The Collected Works of Edith Stein, vol. 1) Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), 2017-11-24 This initial volume of the Collected Works of Edith Stein offers, for the first time in English, the unabridged biography of Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), depicting her life as a child and young adult. Her text ends abruptly because the Nazi SS arrested, then deported, her to the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1942. The ebook version contains a fully linked Index, Map and List of Places. Edith Stein is one of the most significant German-Jewish women of the 20th century. At the age of twenty-five she became the first assistant to Edmund Husserl, the founder of Phenomenology. She was much in demand as a writer and lecturer after her conversion from atheism to Catholicism. Later, as a Discalced Carmelite nun, she maintained her intellectual pursuits until she, like so many others, became a victim of the Nazi persecution that raged across Eastern Europe. By making this landmark work available in English, the Institute of Carmelite Studies provides an eye-witness account of persons and activities on the scene at the time when psychology and philosophy became separate disciplines. In addition to photographs and a map, this volume is enhanced with a preface, the foreword and afterword, notes, and a list of places associated with Edith Stein’s life. It is our aim that these, together with Edith Stein’s text, may help bring into relief the many background details of the rich autobiographical work she has left us. **Chosen Best Spirituality Book of 1986 by the Catholic Press Association** |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Biblical and Theological Visions of Resilience Christopher C. H. Cook, Nathan H. White, 2019-12-06 In recent years, resilience has become a near ubiquitous cultural phenomenon whose influence extends into many fields of academic enquiry. Though research suggests that religion and spirituality are significant factors in engendering resilient adaptation, comparatively little biblical and theological reflection has gone into understanding this construct. This book seeks to remedy this deficiency through a breadth of reflection upon human resilience from canonical biblical and Christian theological sources. Divided into three parts, biblical scholars and theologians provide critical accounts of these perspectives, integrating biblical and theological insight with current social scientific understandings of resilience. Part 1 presents a range of biblical visions of resilience. Part 2 considers a variety of theological perspectives on resilience, drawing from figures including Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Part 3 explores the clinical and pastoral applications of such expressions of resilience. This diverse yet cohesive book sets out a new and challenging perspective of how human resilience might be re-envisioned from a Christian perspective. As a result, it will be of interest to scholars of practical and pastoral theology, biblical studies, and religion, spirituality and health. It will also be a valuable resource for chaplains, pastors, and clinicians with an interest in religion and spirituality. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: The Life of St. Teresa of Avila St Teresa of Avila, 2008-12-01 The works of Spanish nun SAINT TERESA OF AVILA (1515-1582) rank among the most extraordinary mystical writings of Roman Catholicism and among the classics of all religious traditions... and her own life story is considered one of the finest autobiographies in any language. From her carefree childhood through her life as an ascetic Carmelite nun, from her visions of Satan through her worship of God, this is her passionate yet earthy retelling of her struggles with temptation, her work founding and ruling convents, and her devotion to God. Hailed by those seeking spiritual succor as one of the most accessible guides to achieving a closer relationship to God through prayer, this extraordinary book remains a commanding entry to numinous Christianity. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Between Levinas and Heidegger John E. Drabinski, Eric S. Nelson, 2014-08-25 Although both Levinas and Heidegger drew inspiration from Edmund Husserl's phenomenological method and helped pave the way toward the post-structuralist movement of the late twentieth century, very little scholarly attention has been paid to the relation of these two thinkers. There are plenty of simple—and accurate—oppositions and juxtapositions: French and German, ethics and ontology, and so on. But there is also a critical intersection between Levinas and Heidegger on some of the most fundamental philosophical questions: What does it mean to be, to think, and to act in late modern life and culture? How do our conceptions of subjectivity, time, and history both reflect the condition of this historical moment and open up possibilities for critique, resistance, and transformation? The contributors to this volume take up these questions by engaging the ideas of Levinas and Heidegger relating to issues of power, violence, secularization, history, language, time, death, sacrifice, responsibility, memory, and the boundary between the human and humanism. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Father Elijah Michael D. O'Brien, 2009-10-27 Michael O'Brien presents a thrilling apocalyptic novel about the condition of the Roman Catholic Church at the end of time. It explores the state of the modern world, and the strengths and weaknesses of the contemporary religious scene, by taking his central character, Father Elijah Schäfer, a Carmelite priest, on a secret mission for the Vatican which embroils him in a series of crises and subterfuges affecting the ultimate destiny of the Church. Father Elijah is a convert from Judaism, a survivor of the Holocaust, a man once powerful in Israel. For twenty years he has been buried in the dark night of Carmel on the mountain of the prophet Elijah. The Pope and the Cardinal Secretary of State call him out of obscurity and give him a task of the highest sensitivity: to penetrate into the inner circles of a man whom they believe may be the Antichrist. Their purpose: to call the Man of Sin to repentance, and thus to postpone the great tribulation long enough to preach the Gospel to the whole world. In this richly textured tale, Father Elijah crosses Europe and the Middle East, moves through the echelons of world power, meets saints and sinners, presidents, judges, mystics, embattled Catholic journalists, faithful priests and a conspiracy of traitors within the very House of God. This is an apocalypse in the old literary sense, but one that was written in the light of Christian revelation. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Saint Edith Stein Dianne Marie Traflet, 2008 In this latest portrait of Edith Stein, she continues to carry divine life to the current generation, inviting readers to know and emulate her saving grace, her spirituality. Author Dianne Traflet explores its three pillars: the Eucharist, which enabled her to receive and extend God¿s love; the Blessed Mother, who taught her to obey the call to serve; and the cross, which gave her the courage to live Christ¿s example, suffering to save others¿even to the point of death. The result is a biography that is both an inspiration and a spiritual journey. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: 20 Answers: Jehovah's Witnesses Trent Horn, 2016-05-08 When discussing Christianity with Jehovah's Witnesses we might be presented with 'facts' or asked questions which we are uncertain about answering.This carefully and clearly written booklet provides the answers to those questions. Topics coveredinclude the Divinity of Jesus, scripture, and the many other distinctive beliefs held by Jehovah's Witnesses. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Empathy, Sociality, and Personhood Elisa Magrì, Dermot Moran, 2018-03-12 This book explores the phenomenological investigations of Edith Stein by critically contextualising her role within the phenomenological movement and assessing her accounts of empathy, sociality, and personhood. Despite the growing interest that surrounds contemporary research on empathy, Edith Stein’s phenomenological investigations have been largely neglected due to a historical tradition that tends to consider her either as Husserl’s assistant or as a martyr. However, in her phenomenological research, Edith Stein pursued critically the relation between phenomenology and psychology, focusing on the relation between affectivity, subjectivity, and personhood. Alongside phenomenologists like Max Scheler, Kurt Stavenhagen, and Hedwig Conrad-Martius, Stein developed Husserl’s method, incorporating several original modifications that are relevant for philosophy, phenomenology, and ethics. Drawing on recent debates on empathy, emotions, and collective intentionality as well as on original inquiries and interpretations, the collection articulates and develops new perspectives regarding Edith Stein’s phenomenology. The volume includes an appraisal of Stein’s philosophical relation to Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler, and develops further the concepts of empathy, sociality, and personhood. These essays demonstrate the significance of Stein’s phenomenology for contemporary research on intentionality, emotions, and ethics. Gathering together contributions from young researchers and leading scholars in the fields of phenomenology, social ontology, and history of philosophy, this collection provides original views and critical discussions that will be of interest also for social philosophers and moral psychologists. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Dare We Hope - 2nd Edition Hans Urs von Balthasar, 2014-11-20 This book is perhaps one of the most misunderstood works of Catholic theology of our time. Critics contend that von Balthasar espouses universalism, the idea that all men will certainly be saved. Yet, as von Balthasar insists, damnation is a real possibility for anyone. Indeed, he explores the nature of damnation with sobering clarity. At the same time, he contends that a deep understanding of God’s merciful love and human freedom, and a careful reading of the Catholic tradition, point to the possibility—not the certainty—that, in the end, all men will accept the salvation Christ won for all. For this all-embracing salvation, von Balthasar says, we may dare hope, we must pray and with God’s help we must work. The Catholic Church’s teaching on hell has been generally neglected by theologians, with the notable exception of von Balthasar. He grounds his reflections clearly in Sacred Scripture and Catholic teaching. While the Church asserts that certain individuals are in heaven (the saints), she never declares a specific individual to be in hell. In fact, the Church hopes that in their final moments of life, even the greatest sinners would have repented of their terrible sins, and be saved. Sacred Scripture states, “God ... desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all” (1 Tim 2:4–5). |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update Pascual Ángel Gargiulo, Humberto Luis Mesones Arroyo, 2021-01-23 This broad and thought-provoking volume provides an overview of recent intellectual and scientific advances that intersect psychiatry and neuroscience, offering a wide range of penetrating insights in both disciplines. The fourth volume on the topic in the last several years from a varying panel of international experts identifies the borders, trends and implications in both fields today and goes beyond that into related disciplines to seek out connections and influences. Similar to its three Update book predecessors, Psychiatry and Neuroscience – Volume IV presents a range of interesting topics in the main disciplines – psychiatry and neuroscience – and attempts to provide deeper comprehension or explication of the normal and diseased human mind, its biological correlates and its biographical and existential implications. This engaging volume continues the previous style of exploring different disciplines and trying to integrate disciplinary evidence from varying points of view in an organic manner. The first section is about epistemological considerations regarding the study of normal and abnormal human behaviors, including, for example, the topic of phenomenological psychopathology and phenomenological psychiatry in relation to schizophrenia and substance misuse, among other topics. Section 2 addresses issues around the translation of basic neuroscience to expression in the human brain and behavioral implications. Section 3 discusses the issues of learning, teaching and the role of social environment in the field of neuroscience. Finally section 4 reviews various perspectives on explaining human pathological behaviors -- from brain disorders to psychopathology. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: Immortal Combat Fr. Dwight Longenecker, 2020-04-28 Today, far too many leading Christians water down the robust teachings of our Faith. Ignoring Christ's clear example and constant demand that we boldly confront evils, they preach an amicable, nonconfrontational, feel-good gospel. Instead of teaching the faithful to edify and enjoin the wayward, they urge them to pacify and submit . . . with catastrophic results personally, for the Church, and for society at large. Now comes Fr. Dwight Longenecker with this potent book that shows how, by engaging in the lost art of spiritual warfare, good Christians can cure this trend and repair the extensive damage it has caused. Here, without fear or favor, Longenecker maps out the myriad places where evil lurks in our world, shines a light on its many faces, and details the countless clever tricks it uses to hide. He delineates ten sturdy principles that must motivate all Christian warriors who hope to expunge evil and stop it from returning. And finally, he explains in fascinating detail the art of immortal combat, showing how self-sacrifice and contemplation of the Cross can bring victory over any evil, no matter how hidden or how grave. Be forewarned: this book calls you to sanctity and is not for wimps. For sanctity is impossible apart from heroic virtue, and heroic virtue is impossible apart from spiritual warfare. As Fr. Longenecker puts it, “Find a saint, and you'll find a warrior.” These pages are a mighty guidebook for souls hungry to follow the way of the Christian warrior by taking up their crosses and following into immortal combat the King of the Universe, Jesus Christ, our Lord. |
| the science of the cross edith stein: René Girard, Unlikely Apologist Grant Kaplan, 2016-08-20 Since the late 1970s, theologians have been attempting to integrate mimetic theory into different fields of theology, yet a distrust of mimetic theory persists in some theological camps. In René Girard, Unlikely Apologist: Mimetic Theory and Fundamental Theology, Grant Kaplan brings mimetic theory into conversation with theology both to elucidate the relevance of mimetic theory for the discipline of fundamental theology and to understand the work of René Girard within a theological framework. Rather than focus on Christology or atonement theory as the locus of interaction between Girard and theology, Kaplan centers his discussion on the apologetic quality of mimetic theory and the impact of mimetic theory on fundamental theology, the subdiscipline that grew to replace apologetics. His book explores the relation between Girard and fundamental theology in several keys. In one, it understands mimetic theory as a heuristic device that allows theological narratives and positions to become more intelligible and, by so doing, makes theology more persuasive. In another key, Kaplan shows how mimetic theory, when placed in dialogue with particular theologians, can advance theological discussion in areas where mimetic theory has seldom been invoked. On this level the book performs a dialogue with theology that both revisits earlier theological efforts and also demonstrates how mimetic theory brings valuable dimensions to questions of fundamental theology. |
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Edith Stein remains a phenomenologist throughout her entire work, i.e., faithful to Husserl’s approach, in refusing the classical opposition between idealism and realism. Next, in “Il complessivo ed …
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The Science of the Cross Edith Stein,2002 Overview: To help celebrate the fourth centenary of the birth of St. John of the Cross in 1542, Edith Stein received the task of preparing a study of his …
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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 7, No. 2; February 2017 173 The Dramatic Nature of the Finite Spirit in the World A Systematic Vision from Edith Stein, Anselm, John of the …
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(Edith Stein) Family in the Life and Works of Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) Abstract In modern times as never before, marriage and family are in danger. The contemporary
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Edith Stein (IASPES) mette.lebech@may.ie ABSTRACT: Stein called Finite and Eternal Being her ‘spiritual legacy’. The access to this legacy has been restricted by the dif- ... (1935-36) and Science of the Cross …
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