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The Basics of Social Research: A Beginner's Guide
Understanding the world around us is a fundamental human drive. Social research provides the tools and methods to do just that – to systematically investigate human behavior, social interactions, and societal structures. This comprehensive guide will delve into the basics of social research, equipping you with a foundational understanding of its core principles, methods, and applications. Whether you're a student embarking on your first research project or a curious individual seeking to understand societal dynamics better, this post will provide you with the essential knowledge to navigate the fascinating world of social research.
What is Social Research?
Social research is a systematic investigation of social phenomena, employing empirical methods to gather and analyze data. It goes beyond casual observation; it utilizes rigorous methodologies to ensure objectivity, validity, and reliability in its findings. This allows researchers to move beyond subjective opinions and draw conclusions based on evidence. The aim is to understand, explain, and sometimes predict social behaviors, attitudes, and structures.
Key Steps in the Social Research Process
The social research process isn't a linear path, but rather an iterative cycle often involving refinement and adjustment. However, several core steps consistently appear:
#### 1. Defining the Research Problem:
This crucial first step involves identifying a specific research question. It requires clearly articulating the area of interest and formulating a focused question that the research aims to answer. For example, instead of broadly asking "What is the impact of social media?", a more focused question might be: "How does exposure to violent content on social media affect adolescents' aggression levels?"
#### 2. Literature Review:
Before embarking on original research, it's essential to review existing literature. This involves thoroughly researching previous studies, theories, and findings related to your research question. This step helps to refine your research question, identify gaps in the existing knowledge, and inform your research design.
#### 3. Choosing a Research Design:
Selecting an appropriate research design is critical. Common designs include:
Quantitative Research: This approach uses numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and establish relationships between variables. Examples include surveys and experiments.
Qualitative Research: This approach focuses on in-depth understanding of experiences, perspectives, and meanings. Methods include interviews, focus groups, and ethnography.
Mixed Methods Research: This approach combines both quantitative and qualitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.
#### 4. Data Collection:
This step involves gathering the necessary data using the chosen research methods. This might involve administering surveys, conducting interviews, observing behaviors, or analyzing existing datasets.
#### 5. Data Analysis:
Once data is collected, it needs to be analyzed. Quantitative data is often analyzed using statistical software, while qualitative data requires techniques like thematic analysis or narrative analysis to identify patterns and themes.
#### 6. Interpretation and Reporting:
The final step involves interpreting the findings in relation to the research question and existing literature. The results are then disseminated through reports, publications, or presentations. This stage involves critically reflecting on the limitations of the study and suggesting avenues for future research.
Types of Social Research
Social research encompasses a vast range of methodologies and focuses. Some common types include:
Descriptive Research: Aims to describe social phenomena.
Exploratory Research: Investigates a relatively unknown area.
Explanatory Research: Seeks to explain relationships between variables.
Evaluative Research: Assesses the impact of social programs or interventions.
Ethical Considerations in Social Research
Ethical considerations are paramount in social research. Researchers must prioritize the well-being and rights of participants, ensuring informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity. Researchers must also avoid causing harm, bias, or misrepresentation of findings. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) play a crucial role in overseeing ethical aspects of research.
Conclusion
Understanding the basics of social research empowers us to critically evaluate information, contribute to knowledge, and address societal challenges effectively. By mastering the core principles, methodologies, and ethical considerations, you can engage meaningfully in the study of human behavior and social structures. This journey requires dedication, rigor, and a commitment to contributing to a deeper understanding of our complex social world.
FAQs
1. What's the difference between a hypothesis and a research question? A research question is a broad inquiry, while a hypothesis is a testable statement predicting a relationship between variables.
2. Can I conduct social research without a degree? While formal training enhances research skills, anyone can conduct basic social research, albeit with limitations in methodological rigor.
3. What software is typically used for social research data analysis? Popular choices include SPSS, SAS, R, and STATA for quantitative data, and NVivo or Atlas.ti for qualitative data.
4. How long does a social research project typically take? The duration varies drastically depending on the scope, methodology, and resources available. It can range from a few weeks to several years.
5. Where can I find resources to learn more about social research methods? University libraries, online courses (Coursera, edX), and textbooks on research methodology are excellent starting points.
| the basics of social research: The Basics of Social Research , 2011 This thorough revision of Babbie's standard-setting book offers students a succinct, straightforward introduction to the field of research methods as practiced by social scientists. Contemporary examples such as terrorism, Alzheimer's disease, anti-gay prejudice and education, and the legalization of marijuana make this Fifth Edition thoroughly fascinating as it introduces students to the how-tos and whys of social research methods. The book's qualitative coverage combined with its already strong quantitative material makes this new edition Babbie's best yet. Babbie, long respected in the field and renowned for his engaging and friendly writing style, gives students the tools they need for understanding social research methods and for applying these concepts both inside and outside the classroom as researchers and as consumers of research. With increased emphasis on qualitative research and practical applications, this Fifth Edition is authoritative yet student-friendly ... and engaging enough to help students connect the dots between the world of social research and the real world.--Publisher's website. |
| the basics of social research: The Foundations of Social Research Michael Crotty, 1998-08-26 Choosing a research method can be bewildering. How can you be sure which methodology is appropriate, or whether your chosen combination of methods is consistent with the theoretical perspective you want to take? This book links methodology and theory with great clarity and precision, showing students and researchers how to navigate the maze of conflicting terminology. The major epistemological stances and theoretical perspectives that colour and shape current social research are detailed and the author reveals the philosophical origins of these schools of inquiry and shows how various disciplines contribute to the practice of social research as it is known today. |
| the basics of social research: The Basics of Social Research Earl Babbie, 2008 This thorough revision of Babbie's standard-setting book presents a succinct, straightforward introduction to the field of research methods as practiced by social scientists. Contemporary examples+such as terrorism, Alzheimer's disease, anti-gay prejudice and education, and the legalization of marijuana make this Fourth Edition thoroughly fascinating as it introduces you to the how-tos and whys of social research methods. The book's new qualitative coverage combined with its already strong quantitative material makes this new edition Babbie's best yet. Babbie, long respected in the field and renowned for his engaging and friendly writing style, gives you the tools you need for understanding social research methods and for applying these concepts both inside and outside the classroom+as a researcher and as a consumer of research. With a strong emphasis on ethics and additional qualitative material, this Fourth Edition is authoritative yet student-friendly . . . and engaging enough to help you connect the dots between the world of social research and the real world. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. |
| the basics of social research: Basics of Social Research Theodore C. Wagenaar, Earl R. Babbie, 2004-03-01 This student supplement includes learning objectives, chapter summaries, key terms, matching exercises, multiple-choice review questions, discussion questions, and practice exercises and problems which involve analysis of data from the General Social Surveys using SPSS, MicroCase or other statistical software programs. It also includes a General Social Survey appendix and an appendix of answers to the multiple-choice and matching exercises. |
| the basics of social research: Social Research Methods H. Russell Bernard, 2013 Bernard does an excellent job of not only showing how to practice research, but also provides a detailed discussion of broader historical and philosophical contexts that are important for understanding research. |
| the basics of social research: Fundamentals of Social Research Earl R. Babbie, Lucia Benaquisto, 2002 Earl Babbie, best-selling author in the field, is joined by Lucia Benaquisto, experienced researcher and teacher for The Basics of Social Research, First Canadian Edition. This outstanding author team makes abstract theory understandable with humour and down-to-earth examples. Canadian examples and Canadian social science research make the text even more relevant to students. This textbook is for a one semester course in research methods. The adaptation is unique because it took the American edition but added unique chapters and methods based on the reviewers? desire for comprehensive coverage. There is more material on ethics and qualitative research in the Canadian edition. There is also coverage of a more advanced topic, the elaboration model. This adaptation is also uniquein the Canadian market because of its rich ancillary package. |
| the basics of social research: Survey Research Keith Punch, 2003-04-24 This book focuses on small-scale quantitative surveys studying the relationships between variables. After showing the central place of the quantitative survey in social science research methodology, it then takes a simple model of the survey, describes its elements and gives a set of steps and guidelines for implementing each element. |
| the basics of social research: Principles and Methods of Social Research William D. Crano, Marilynn B. Brewer, Andrew Lac, 2014-09-09 Used to train generations of social scientists, this thoroughly updated classic text covers the latest research techniques and designs. Applauded for its comprehensive coverage, the breadth and depth of content is unparalleled. Through a multi-methodology approach, the text guides readers toward the design and conduct of social research from the ground up. Explained with applied examples useful to the social, behavioral, educational, and organizational sciences, the methods described are intended to be relevant to contemporary researchers. The underlying logic and mechanics of experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental research strategies are discussed in detail. Introductory chapters covering topics such as validity and reliability furnish readers with a firm understanding of foundational concepts. Chapters dedicated to sampling, interviewing, questionnaire design, stimulus scaling, observational methods, content analysis, implicit measures, dyadic and group methods, and meta-analysis provide coverage of these essential methodologies. The book is noted for its: -Emphasis on understanding the principles that govern the use of a method to facilitate the researcher’s choice of the best technique for a given situation. - Use of the laboratory experiment as a touchstone to describe and evaluate field experiments, correlational designs, quasi experiments, evaluation studies, and survey designs. -Coverage of the ethics of social research including the power a researcher wields and tips on how to use it responsibly. The new edition features:-A new co-author, Andrew Lac, instrumental in fine tuning the book’s accessible approach and highlighting the most recent developments at the intersection of design and statistics. -More learning tools including more explanation of the basic concepts, more research examples, tables, and figures, and the addition of bold faced terms, chapter conclusions, discussion questions, and a glossary. -Extensive revision of chapter (3) on measurement reliability theory that examines test theory, latent factors, factor analysis, and item response theory. -Expanded coverage of cutting-edge methodologies including mediation and moderation, reliability and validity, missing data, and more physiological approaches such as neuroimaging and fMRIs. -A new web based resource package that features Power Points and discussion and exam questions for each chapter and for students chapter outlines and summaries, key terms, and suggested readings. Intended as a text for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses in research methods (design) in psychology, communication, sociology, education, public health, and marketing, an introductory undergraduate course on research methods is recommended. |
| the basics of social research: Social Research Methods Sigmund Grønmo, 2023-11-22 Framing research as the process of asking and answering questions, this book demonstrates how to identify good research questions and how to structure and explore them successfully. Whether you are just beginning your research journey or are a seasoned traveller, it helps you: • Decide what you want to achieve with your research • Know what options you have to explore your goals • Navigate the nuances of different research approaches • Understand the decisions of other researchers • Choose what path best suits your project. Through real-life examples demonstrating different types of research, the book introduces qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches so you can compare different methods at every stage of the research process, from initial idea and design to data collection and analysis. This new edition includes new chapters on collecting and analysing mixed methods data, and additional content on qualitative data analysis. New examples reflect the cultural and global diversity of social research, and extra visual aids and summaries support understanding of key research concepts and stages. The book is accompanied by an online teaching guide, including videos, additional case studies, annotated articles, and critical thinking exercises. |
| the basics of social research: Research Methods: The Basics Nicholas Walliman, 2017-09-13 Research Methods: The Basics is an accessible, user-friendly introduction to the different aspects of research theory, methods and practice. This second edition provides an expanded resource suitable for students and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines including the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. Structured in two parts – the first covering the nature of knowledge and the reasons for research, the second the specific methods used to carry out effective research and how to propose, plan, carry out and write up a research project – this book covers: • Reasons for doing a research project • Structuring and planning a research project • The ethical issues involved in research • Different types of data and how they are measured • Collecting and analysing qualitative and quantitative data in order to draw sound conclusions • Mixed methods and interdisciplinary research • Devising a research proposal and writing up the research • Motivation and quality of work. Complete with a glossary of key terms and guides to further reading, this book is an essential text for anyone coming to research for the first time. |
| the basics of social research: Basics of Social Research William Lawrence Neuman, Karen Robson, 2011-01-15 With its enhanced design and increased Canadian content, Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches sets a new standard in social research methods. The improved layout makes a difficult subject easier to understand, with a new four-colour, visually enhanced presentation.¿Updated Canadian content focuses on real research examples from Canadian studies to make social research accessible to students and demonstrate how social research has applications in the real world. Themed boxes and new¿end-of-chapter questions increases student learning and provides a foundation for further learning about social research methods. |
| the basics of social research: EBOOK: The Good Research Guide: For Small-Scale Social Research Projects Martyn Denscombe, 2017-06-16 This bestselling introductory book offers practical and straightforward guidance on the basics of social research, ideal for anyone who needs to conduct small-scale research projects as part of their undergraduate, postgraduate or professional studies. The book provides: • A clear, straightforward introduction to data collection methods and data analysis • Jargon-free coverage of the key issues • Checklists to guide good practice The sixth edition has been extensively updated and includes features such as: • A new chapter on the Life Course Perspective • A new chapter on Literature Reviews • New material on the Delphi Technique • An updated and expanded chapter on the analysis of Quantitative Data • New examples and illustrations throughout The Good Research Guide, 6th edition is a valuable resource for anyone conducting social research including those in applied areas such as business studies, health studies, nursing, education, social work, policy studies, marketing, media studies and criminology. Denscombe's The Good Research Guide, now in its 6th edition, continues to be one of the leading books in the field. It covers the topics a student or practitioner doing a research project needs to know from project design, theoretical underpinnings of research, data collection and analysis to writing up your research. Its accessible and practical approach means that it is an excellent resource for those new to undertaking independent research. Liam Foster, Senior Lecturer in Social Policy and Social Work, Sheffield University, UK Martyn Denscombe's text continues to remain core reading for those undertaking small pieces of research and those who need to gain a firm grounding in the principles of research theory and practice. From deciding on a research approach to the process of writing up, this finely balanced edition offers a comprehensive and detailed guide to the research cycle. Pragmatic, and with the needs of the researcher always in mind, it makes social science research accessible, undaunting, and, what's more, a completely possible, stimulating, and enjoyable endeavour. Yunis Alam, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Bradford, UK The Good Research Guide provides a comprehensive view of the complex strategies and approaches of conducting social research, explained in simple terms. Relevant examples and check lists provided in each section not only helps to gain better understanding but also reflect on one’s own research. This book has tremendously helped me to gain knowledge and understanding of complex research strategies. It will provide clear guidance and direction for students and researchers in their research journey to achieve success. Deborah Ebenezer, Research Student I think the book has a very good précis of areas relevant to the title. It outlines very well in a logical order the elements pertinent to 'social research'. Each chapter is relatively comprehensive and deals with subject material that is important, in a language that is accessible throughout. It does what it says on the tin and provides practical information and guidance as a 'how to' text' for those needing help with this type of research project. In particular I think the checklists are an excellent chapter ending to help plan and bring into sharp focus what is needed for any particular approach. The within chapter examples are excellent and help to further inform the reader what the author is trying to convey. Chapter links help further embed concepts and show how the various research elements may be associated. Overall an excellent introductory text that embodies a no-nonsense approach to a subject that can be at times complex. By breaking down topic areas and giving simple examples the subject is eminently accessible to the reader. Well done! Stephen Pearson, Senior Lecturer in Human and Applied Physiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, UK This new edition provides comprehensive guidance to those undertaking small-scale social research projects including dissertations in business and management and the social sciences and I would recommend its use for all those new to research and also to refresh the thinking of those with prior research experience. Part 1 addresses a range of strategies for social research including surveys, sampling, case studies, experiments, ethnography, the life course perspective, grounded theory, action research, phenomenology, systematic review and mixed methods. There are few texts which address research strategies in such a comprehensive manner. The text develops in Part 2 by providing clear guidance on the selection and use of appropriate methods of data collection such as questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary analysis, taking into account the aims and objective of the research project. Part 4 considers both quantitative and qualitative data analysis with Part 4 providing essential information on research ethics, the reporting of research and on the conduct and presentation of the literature review essential to all research projects. I have no hesitation in commending this text for use by undergraduate and post-graduate students as well as those undertaking research projects independent of an academic programme. Dr. Bobby Mackie, Senior Lecturer, School of Business and Enterprise, University of the West of Scotland, UK |
| the basics of social research: The Basics of Caring Research Satu Uusiautti, Kaarina Määttä, 2016-07-08 What is caring research and how to conduct it? This book defines the new concept of caring research as a combination of two perspectives. Caring research means research that aims to promote well-being. It is focused on a good quality of life, human strengths and active life, as well as characteristics and positive development in human beings that act as buffers against malaise and help coping with adversities in life. In addition, caring research cares for the researcher well-being. Caring research is conducted by people who share the passion and enthusiasm to influence positively and collaborate. Caring research includes the joy of working and researching together. Thus, caring research is manifested in the relationships between researchers, supervisors, students, and other experts, and their mutual open and respectful interaction. The Basics of Caring Research analyzes these two elements of caring research through several viewpoints that are to illustrate the manifold nature of caring research as positively-focused and positively-conducted research. The book also includes critical analysis of the current requirements and future challenges of caring research. The book serves as a text book in, for example, research studies in psychology and educational and behavioral sciences. Researchers and supervisors find it a useful tool to support their supervision of various academic theses. |
| the basics of social research: Social Science Research Anol Bhattacherjee, 2012-04-01 This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages. |
| the basics of social research: Social Research Methods:Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches: Pearson New International Edition W. Lawrence Neuman, 2014 |
| the basics of social research: Methodological Thinking Donileen R. Loseke, 2016-01-29 Focused on the underlying logic behind social research, Methodological Thinking: Basic Principles of Social Research Design by Donileen R. Loseke encourages readers to understand research methods as a way of thinking. The book provides a concise overview of the basic principles of social research, including the characteristics of research questions, the importance of literature reviews, variations in data generation techniques, and sampling. The Second Edition includes a revised chapter on research foundations, with focus on the philosophy of science and ethics; an emphasis on critical thinking; additional attention to evaluating research; and a new selection of briefer, multidisciplinary journal articles designed to be accessible to a wide variety of readers. |
| the basics of social research: The Logic of Social Research Arthur L. Stinchcombe, 2005-07 Arthur L. Stinchcombe has earned a reputation as a leading practitioner of methodology in sociology and related disciplines. Throughout his distinguished career he has championed the idea that to be an effective sociologist, one must use many methods. This incisive work introduces students to the logic of those methods. The Logic of Social Research orients students to a set of logical problems that all methods must address to study social causation. Almost all sociological theory asserts that some social conditions produce other social conditions, but the theoretical links between causes and effects are not easily supported by observation. Observations cannot directly show causation, but they can reject or support causal theories with different degrees of credibility. As a result, sociologists have created four main types of methods that Stinchcombe terms quantitative, historical, ethnographic, and experimental to support their theories. Each method has value, and each has its uses for different research purposes. Accessible and astute, The Logic of Social Research offers an image of what sociology is, what it's all about, and what the craft of the sociologist consists of. |
| the basics of social research: Transcribing for Social Research Alexa Hepburn, Galina B. Bolden, 2017-05-01 How can we capture the words, gestures and conduct of study participants? How do we transcribe what happens in social interactions in analytically useful ways? How could systematic and detailed transcription practices benefit research? This book demonstrates how best to represent talk and interaction in a manageable and academically credible way that enables analysis. It describes and assesses key methodological and epistemological debates about the status of transcription research while also setting out best practice for handling different types of data and forms of social interaction. Featuring transcribing basics as well as important recent developments, this book guides you through: Time and sequencing Speech delivery and patterns Non-vocal conduct Emotive displays like laughter, tears, or pain Talk in non-English languages Helpful technological resources As the first book-length exposition of the Jeffersonian transcription conventions, this well-crafted balance of theory and practice is a must-have resource for any social scientist looking to produce high quality transcripts. |
| the basics of social research: Research Methods Bernard C. Beins, 2018-11-22 Research Methods is an introduction to the importance of scientific research in everyday life and uses familiar examples to keep students engaged. The text analyzes controversies in psychology to stimulate student interest while explaining crucial methodological concepts. It presents ethical issues related to research, as well as social and cultural factors that might affect it, and provides a comprehensive introduction to a wide variety of methodologies. Through this book, students will learn how to generate research questions and select appropriate methodology, as well as to write a successful research report. |
| the basics of social research: Approaches to Social Research Royce Singleton, Bruce C. Straits, Margaret Miller Straits, 1993 Thoroughly revised and updated, this remarkably successful text offers a sophisticated introduction to social research methods in a variety of fields. It provides balanced, comprehensive treatment of four major approaches--experimentation, survey research, field research, and the use of available data--with extensive substantive examples and a clarity of exposition that recommend it to students with no background. |
| the basics of social research: Practice of Social Research D. K. Lal Das, 2017-11 Since the publication of first edition of this book, social research in general and social work research in particular, have grown very rapidly. Today, social science research methodology has evolved to become highly scientific and diverse in nature. Practice of Social Research very precisely describes the basics of social research but the primary focus of the book is on the applicability of research methods in social work theory and practice. Social work research has a unique role to play in enabling social work students, educators, and practitioners to meet the growing demands of higher professional standards and accountability. The book aims to enhance social work practice-a scientific practice-by using various research methods, tools, and techniques. Key features of this revised edition include: a section on 'Determination of Sample Size'; a detailed inquiry into computer applications in data processing and analysis through SPSS software; and a discussion about 'Hypotheses, ' along with examples. This book will prove a valuable guide for both academics and practitioners in the social work profession. The clear, accessible style will make this the ideal introductory text for those studying research for the first time. [Subject: Social Work, Sociology, Research Studies |
| the basics of social research: Research Basics James V. Spickard, 2016-09-15 Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in Six Steps offers a fresh and creative approach to the research process based on author James V. Spickard’s decades of teaching experience. Using an intuitive six-step model, readers learn how to craft a research question and then identify a logical process for answering it. Conversational writing and multi-disciplinary examples illuminate the model’s simplicity and power, effectively connecting the “hows” and “whys” behind social science research. Students using this book will learn how to turn their research questions into results. |
| the basics of social research: Do It Yourself Social Research Yoland Wadsworth, 2016-06-16 With the rapid growth of collaborative, indigenous, and community-based research, one of the key challenges researchers face is finding an effective way of involving non-researchers in the research process. Do It Yourself Social Research has been a best-selling methodology guide for action research projects and community groups in Australia for almost three decades. Always emphasizing the importance of a spirit of inquiry, it demystifies the research process, covering where to start, how to manage a research project, what methods, techniques and resources to use, and interpretation, analysis and reporting. This third edition has been thoroughly revised, adding the use of narrative and dialogue in research, rich research design, and what digital technology can (and can’t) contribute to the research process. With its hands-on, no-nonsense approach, Do It Yourself Social Research is an essential resource for community groups, college students, and other novice researchers in health, social welfare, education and related areas. |
| the basics of social research: Introduction to Social Research Tonell Calhoun, 2018-05-28 The present book of basics for the social researcher provides a sound and well-structured framework for the pursuit of serious and result-oriented research. It reiterates, in ordered and logical sequence, the steps that are required to be taken by the researcher so that he successfully plans, conducts, implements and concludes a plan of action for the study he decides on. From a discussion of the key concepts, the book guides the reader into the intricacies of the sociological methods, and subsequently the hypothesis, the research design, and the sociological data. It explains in clear terms the methods of data collection, namely, the questionnaire, the interview, the sample poll, etc. The author has not merely collected them from various sources and arranged them systematically but has also enlivened them with his interesting style of writing. The book is intended for the research scholar and academician in social sciences and will prove to be of great assistance in the methodology of research. |
| the basics of social research: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods Mike Allen, 2017-04-11 Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version. |
| the basics of social research: Designing and Managing Your Research Project David Thomas, Ian D Hodges, 2010-09-21 Written for advanced undergraduate students, postgraduate students planning theses and dissertations and other early career researchers, Designing and Managing Your Research Project helps you successfully plan and complete your research project by showing the key skills that you will need. The book covers: choosing research methods developing research objectives writing proposals literature reviews getting ethics approval seeking funding managing a project software skills working with colleagues and supervisors communicating research findings writing reports, theses and journal articles careers in research. Designing and Managing Your Research Project includes lots of examples, case studies and practical exercises to help you learn the research skills you will need and also to help you complete crucial project tasks. A key feature is its user-friendly guidance on planning projects and accessing information from the Internet. |
| the basics of social research: Designing Social Research Ian Greener, 2011-04-13 Designing Social Research aims to guide students and new researchers using everyday non-jargonised language through the jungle of setting up their own research study. Ian Greener provides readers an accessible combination of guidance on how to practically plan one′s research and understand the underpinning methodological principles that should inform the decisions we make about the methods we plan to use. This is the perfect starter book for anyone looking to design their own research project and make sense of and justify the many decisions that go into the research design process. The goal throughout is to enable students and researchers to assess the appropriateness of a range of methods and to get understanding of the strengths and limitations of different approaches to research. Greener highlights key debates in the field - both philosophical and practical - and presents them in such a way that they remain constantly relevant to research practice of his readers. Coverage includes: - Framing an effective research question/problem; - Examining the jargon of social research; - The links between theory, methodology and method; - The role of literature reviewing in research design; - Managing and planning the research process; - Sampling; - Qualitative designs; - Quantitative designs; - Mixed methods designs; - Data analysis. Designing Social Research will be ideal first reading for M-level students and undergraduates planning significant research projects for their dissertations. It will also be invaluable to first year PhD students considering how they will go about their research projects. |
| the basics of social research: What Is a Case? Charles C. Ragin, Howard Saul Becker, 1992-07-31 The concept of the case is a basic feature of social science research and yet many questions about how a case should be defined, selected, and judged are far from settled. The contributors to this volume probe the nature of the case and the ways in which different understandings of the concept affect the conduct and the results of research. The contributions demonstrate that the work of any given researcher is often characterised by some hybrid of these basic approaches, and it is important to understand that most research involves multiple definitions and uses of cases, as both specific empirical phenomena and as general theoretical categories. |
| the basics of social research: Adventures in Social Research Earl R. Babbie, 2011 Click on the Supplements tab above for further details on the different versions of SPSS programs. |
| the basics of social research: The Basics of Communication Research Leslie A. Baxter, Earl R. Babbie, 2003-07 Combining the time tested classical work of Earl Babbie with the insights of one of the most recognized and respected names in speech communication research, THE BASICS OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH is THE book for the Communication research methods course. With the authors' collective experience teaching research methods and as active researchers themselves you will find this text to be the authoritative text for your course. The authors frame research as a way of knowing, and provide balanced treatment to both quantitative and qualitative research traditions in communication research and present it in a student friendly and engaging format. It provides in-depth treatment of the role of reasoning in the research enterprise and how this reasoning process plays itself out in planning and writing a research proposal and report. |
| the basics of social research: Basics of Qualitative Research Anselm Strauss, Juliet M. Corbin, 1998-09-29 The Second Edition of this best-selling textbook continues to offer immensely practical advice and technical expertise that will aid researchers in analyzing and interpreting their collected data, and ultimately build theory from it. The authors provide a step-by-step guide to the research act. Full of definitions and illustrative examples, the book presents criteria for evaluating a study as well as responses to common questions posed by students of qualitative research. |
| the basics of social research: Doing Research in the Real World David E Gray, 2013-11-12 Available with free access to the interactive eBook* for 12 months when you buy the paperback version (ISBN 9781446295311 only), this is the companion for any student undertaking a research project. Click on the icons in the margins of the eBook to access a wealth of resources including: Video Content Chapter introductions and top tips from the author along with tried and tested open access videos on YouTube introduce you to key chapter contents Datasets Play around with real data in SPSS and put your statistics knowledge into practice Weblinks Direct you to real world examples to broaden your knowledge Checklists Guide you through a specific research process such as running a focus group or conducting an interview Further Reading Link you to a range of resources to deepen your understanding of a topic However you access the content the Third Edition guides you smoothly through the research process from start to finish setting out the skills needed to design and conduct effective research and introduces the reader to the reality of conducting research in the real world. It gives practical advice on how best to select appropriate projects, design strategies, sources and methods and provides the tools needed to collect, analyze and present data. Applicable to any discipline and firmly rooted in the practicalities of research there are new and exciting chapters on: - Using SPSS for quantitative data analysis - Sampling strategies in quantitative and qualitative research - Approaches to secondary analysis - Using focus groups - Ethnography and participant observation (*interactivity only available through Vitalsource eBook) Available with Perusall—an eBook that makes it easier to prepare for class Perusall is an award-winning eBook platform featuring social annotation tools that allow students and instructors to collaboratively mark up and discuss their SAGE textbook. Backed by research and supported by technological innovations developed at Harvard University, this process of learning through collaborative annotation keeps your students engaged and makes teaching easier and more effective. Learn more. |
| the basics of social research: Social Research Counts Earl Babbie, 2013 Become a competent, confident, and critical consumer of social research with Earl Babbie's SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNTS. Written with wit, and with a desire to see you succeed in the course, the book presents the main tenets of research methods concisely and in a visually appealing, full-color format that engages you in the topics and helps you make the connection between a concept and its real-world applications. Each chapter includes features designed to guide you through the material, including Learning Objectives that offer you an easy-to-follow guide to the content, as well as Tips and Tools and Research in Real Life boxes that provide opportunities for you to better equip yourself with relevant skills. As a result of using this book, you will gain a firm footing in the foundational skills and principles of research methods. |
| the basics of social research: Cultural Studies Jeff Lewis, 2008-04-14 Second edition of this extremely popular and heavily adopted undergraduate Cultural Studies text. |
| the basics of social research: Qualitative Research Practice Jane Ritchie, Jane Lewis, 2003-02-19 'An excellent introduction to the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of qualitative research... they deal with issues at all stages in a very direct, clear, systematic and practical manner and thus make the processes involved in qualitative research more transparent' - Nyhedsbrev 'This is a how to book on qualitative methods written by people who do qualitative research for a living.... It is likely to become the standard manual on all graduate and undergraduate courses on qualitative methods' - Professor Robert Walker, School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham What exactly is qualitative research? What are the processes involved and what can it deliver as a mode of inquiry? Qualitative research is an exciting blend of scientific investigation and creative discovery. When properly executed, it can bring a unique understanding of people's lives which in turn can be used to deepen our understanding of society. It as a skilled craft used by practitioners and researchers in the 'real world'; this textbook illuminates the possibilities of qualitative research and presents a sequential overview of the process written by those active in the field. Qualitative Research Practice: - Leads the student or researcher through the entire process of qualitative research from beginning to end - moving through design, sampling, data collection, analysis and reporting. - Is written by practising researchers with extensive experience of conducting qualitative research in the arena of social and public policy - contains numerous case studies. - Contains plenty of pedagogical material including chapter summaries, explanation of key concepts, reflective points for seminar discussion and further reading in each chapter - Is structured and applicable for all courses in qualitative research, irrespective of field. Drawn heavily on courses run by the Qualitative Unit at the National Centre for Social Research, this textbook should be recommended reading for students new to qualitative research across the social sciences. |
| the basics of social research: Why Research Methods Matter Susan T. Gooden and Rajade Berry-James, 2018-05-01 This concise resource provides practical applications of why research methods are important for public administrators, who do not routinely perform data analysis, but often find themselves having to evaluate and make important decisions based on data analysis and evaluative reports they receive. It is also intended as a supplemental text for research methods courses at the graduate level and upper division undergraduate level. Why Research Methods Matter is essential reading for current and future managers in the public sector who seek to become savvy consumers of research. |
| the basics of social research: Social Psychology Daniel Frings, 2018-10-09 Social psychology explores some of the most important questions we face as people: how do we create and understand the social self? How does our 'social mind' influence the volition and content of thoughts and behaviour? How do we relate to other individuals and groups and the myriad forms and processes of social influence? In a jargon-free and accessible manner, Social Psychology: The Basics critically examines these fundamental principles of social psychology, and provides a thorough overview of this fascinating area. Discussing the theory and science behind our understanding of how people relate to others, this book explores how we understand ourselves and others, how we relate at an individual and group level, the key processes underpinning social influence and the ways the discipline has evolved (and continues to evolve). It also looks at how the application of social psychology makes important differences in the real world. Highlighting key issues, controversies and applications, including case studies, questions, and biographies of important figures in the discipline, this is the essential introduction for students at undergraduate, A-level and high school levels who are approaching social psychology for the first time. |
| the basics of social research: Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods Mark Balnaves, Peter Caputi, 2001-04-10 Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods is a student-friendly introduction to quantitative research methods and basic statistics. It uses a detective theme throughout the text to show how quantitative methods have been used to solve real-life problems. The book focuses on principles and techniques that are appropriate to introductory level courses in media, psychology and sociology. Examples and illustrations are drawn from historical and contemporary research in the social sciences. The original CD-ROM accompanying the book and its content are no longer available. |
| the basics of social research: Quantitative Geography Richard Harris, 2016-09-13 Numerical data are everywhere. Charts and statistics appear not just in geography journals but also in the media, in public policy, and in business and commerce too. To engage with quantitative geography, we must engage with the quantitative methods used to collect, analyse, present and interpret these data. Quantitative Geography: The Basics is the perfect introduction for undergraduates beginning any quantitative methods course. Written in short, user-friendly chapters with full-colour diagrams, the book guides the reader through a wide range of topics from the basic to the more advanced, including: Statistics Maths Graphics Models Mapping and GIS R Closely aligned with the Q-Step quantitative social science programme, Quantitative Geography: The Basics is the ideal starting point for understanding and exploring this fundamental area of Geography. |
| the basics of social research: Survey Research Methods Earl R. Babbie, 1998 |
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH - Cambridge University Press ...
Preface common practice in many social science departments, especially sociology departments, to separate undergraduate instruction in methodology and statistics into a two-course, … See more
Earl Babbie The Basics Of Social Research [PDF]
The Basics of Social Research Earl R. Babbie,2005 This is a concise affordable applied paperback research methods text by Earl Babbie who defined how to teach the research …
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL RESEARCH - University of …
The aim of social science research is to find new facts or confirm and evaluate old ones. It aims to comprehend human behaviour as well as its interactions with the world and social institutions.
Basics Of Social Research [PDF] - cie-advances.asme.org
Understanding the basics of social research equips you with the tools to critically analyze the social world and contribute meaningfully to solving its challenges. From formulating research …
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FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH - University of Utah
In social research texts, the bulk of discussion and much of the terminology relate in one way or another to these four elements. What one often finds, however, is that forms of these different …
BASICS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH - Pearson
1 Doing Social Research 1 Introduction 1 Why Do Social Research? 2 Alternatives to Social Research 2 Authority 3 Tradition 4 Common Sense 4 Media Myths 4 Box 1.1 In the News: Is …
Social Science Research: Principles, Methods and Practices …
conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational …
14 - dl1.cuni.cz
Often, social data are converted to numerical form for statistical analyses. In this chapter, we’ll begin with the process of quantifying data, then turn to analysis.
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Social research examines a society’s attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends, stratifications and rules. The scope of social research can be small or large, ranging from the self or a single …
Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative …
Basics of Social Research: Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches W. Lawrence Neuman Third Edition. You usually can test only a small part of a complex causal chain in a single research …
Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative …
Using clear, accessible language and examples from real research, this text discusses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to social research, emphasizing the benefits of …
Basics Of Social Research Babbie (2024)
Effective social research starts with a well-defined research question. Our journalist, investigating community inequality, begins by identifying a specific problem: the disproportionate lack of …
Basics of Social Research, Third Canadian Edition - Pearson
Updated Canadian content focuses on real research examples from Canadian studies to make social research accessible to students, and to demonstrate how social research has real-world …
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
methodology in social sciences will find this book very helpful in understanding the basic concepts before they read any book on research methodology.
Methods of Social Research - College of Liberal Arts and …
“An elementary research methods course that covers the process of doing social research, including research design, data collection techniques, processing and analysis of data, as well …
Paradigms, Theory, and Social Research - Northern Arizona …
Holographic Overview. Social scientific inquiry is an interplay of theory and research, logic and observation, induction and deduction—and of the fundamental frames of reference known as …
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Grounded theory. An inductive approach to the study of social life that attempts to generate a theory from the constant comparing of unfolding observations. What are some important …
CRITICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH LEE HARVEY - Quality …
1 BASICS 1.1 Introduction This book is an illustrative guide to doing critical social research. It is not concerned with simply describing techniques of data collection that may be pertinent to a …
BASIC RESEARCH, ITS APPLICATION AND BENEFITS
Basic research is an essential complement to mission-oriented research and development, which target specific problems or commercial objectives. Applied activities supply advanced tools …
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This textbook provides an introduction to the scientific study of sociology and other social sciences. It offers the basic tools necessary for readers to become both critical consumers and …
Earl Babbie The Basics Of Social Research [PDF]
The Basics of Social Research Earl R. Babbie,2005 This is a concise affordable applied paperback research methods text by Earl Babbie who defined how to teach the research …
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL RESEARCH - University of Calicut
The aim of social science research is to find new facts or confirm and evaluate old ones. It aims to comprehend human behaviour as well as its interactions with the world and social institutions.
Basics Of Social Research [PDF] - cie-advances.asme.org
Understanding the basics of social research equips you with the tools to critically analyze the social world and contribute meaningfully to solving its challenges. From formulating research …
Universitas Gadjah Mada
%PDF-1.5 %忏嫌 1 0 obj > endobj 2 0 obj > endobj 3 0 obj > endobj 4 0 obj > endobj 5 0 obj > endobj 7 0 obj > endobj 8 0 obj >/Next 10 0 R/Parent 11 0 R/Prev 12 0 R/Title(References)>> …
FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH - University of Utah
In social research texts, the bulk of discussion and much of the terminology relate in one way or another to these four elements. What one often finds, however, is that forms of these different …
BASICS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH - Pearson
1 Doing Social Research 1 Introduction 1 Why Do Social Research? 2 Alternatives to Social Research 2 Authority 3 Tradition 4 Common Sense 4 Media Myths 4 Box 1.1 In the News: Is …
Social Science Research: Principles, Methods and Practices …
conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational …
14 - dl1.cuni.cz
Often, social data are converted to numerical form for statistical analyses. In this chapter, we’ll begin with the process of quantifying data, then turn to analysis.
Foundations of Social Research - The Commonwealth …
Social research examines a society’s attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends, stratifications and rules. The scope of social research can be small or large, ranging from the self or a single …
Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative …
Basics of Social Research: Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches W. Lawrence Neuman Third Edition. You usually can test only a small part of a complex causal chain in a single research …
Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative …
Using clear, accessible language and examples from real research, this text discusses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to social research, emphasizing the benefits of …
Basics Of Social Research Babbie (2024)
Effective social research starts with a well-defined research question. Our journalist, investigating community inequality, begins by identifying a specific problem: the disproportionate lack of …
Basics of Social Research, Third Canadian Edition - Pearson
Updated Canadian content focuses on real research examples from Canadian studies to make social research accessible to students, and to demonstrate how social research has real-world …
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
methodology in social sciences will find this book very helpful in understanding the basic concepts before they read any book on research methodology.
Methods of Social Research - College of Liberal Arts and …
“An elementary research methods course that covers the process of doing social research, including research design, data collection techniques, processing and analysis of data, as well …
Paradigms, Theory, and Social Research - Northern Arizona …
Holographic Overview. Social scientific inquiry is an interplay of theory and research, logic and observation, induction and deduction—and of the fundamental frames of reference known as …
Chapter 10: Qualitative Field Examples of Field Research …
Grounded theory. An inductive approach to the study of social life that attempts to generate a theory from the constant comparing of unfolding observations. What are some important …
CRITICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH LEE HARVEY - Quality Research …
1 BASICS 1.1 Introduction This book is an illustrative guide to doing critical social research. It is not concerned with simply describing techniques of data collection that may be pertinent to a …
BASIC RESEARCH, ITS APPLICATION AND BENEFITS
Basic research is an essential complement to mission-oriented research and development, which target specific problems or commercial objectives. Applied activities supply advanced tools …
