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Section 5.3 Human Population Growth: Understanding Our Expanding World
Human population growth – a seemingly simple concept – is a complex issue with far-reaching implications for our planet. This post dives deep into the intricacies of human population growth, specifically examining the factors driving this expansion, its environmental consequences, and potential future scenarios. We'll explore the key elements often covered under the heading "Section 5.3 Human Population Growth" found in many educational materials, providing a comprehensive understanding for students, researchers, and anyone interested in the future of humanity. This isn't just a dry recitation of facts; we'll delve into the compelling narratives and global challenges that this topic presents.
Factors Driving Human Population Growth (Section 5.3)
Several interconnected factors have fueled the unprecedented growth of the human population throughout history. Understanding these drivers is crucial to grasping the complexities of the issue.
#### Decreased Mortality Rates:
One of the most significant factors is the dramatic decline in mortality rates, especially infant and child mortality. Improved sanitation, advancements in medicine (vaccines, antibiotics), and better access to healthcare have all contributed to longer lifespans. This increased survival rate, while undeniably positive in terms of individual well-being, has directly contributed to population expansion.
#### Increased Fertility Rates:
Historically, higher fertility rates were necessary to compensate for high mortality rates. While fertility rates have been declining in many developed nations, they remain significantly higher in many developing countries. Cultural norms, religious beliefs, and lack of access to family planning resources all play a crucial role in maintaining higher birth rates in certain regions.
#### Improved Food Production:
The Green Revolution, with its advancements in agricultural technology, has significantly increased food production globally. This increased food availability has supported a larger population, allowing more people to survive and reproduce. However, this increased production often comes with environmental costs, which we'll explore later.
#### Technological Advancements:
Technological advancements extend beyond agriculture. Improvements in infrastructure, sanitation, and overall living conditions have also contributed to increased life expectancy and population growth. These advancements often lead to better hygiene, reduced disease transmission, and increased access to resources that support larger populations.
Environmental Consequences of Population Growth (Section 5.3)
The expanding human population exerts immense pressure on the Earth's resources and ecosystems. The consequences are multifaceted and deeply interconnected.
#### Resource Depletion:
A larger population necessitates increased consumption of natural resources, including water, minerals, and fossil fuels. This increased demand leads to resource depletion and can result in conflicts over access to dwindling resources.
#### Habitat Loss and Biodiversity Reduction:
Expansion of human settlements, agriculture, and infrastructure leads to habitat loss and fragmentation, pushing many species towards extinction. This loss of biodiversity undermines the stability of ecosystems and compromises vital ecosystem services.
#### Pollution and Climate Change:
Increased industrial activity, transportation, and consumption patterns associated with a growing population contribute significantly to air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. These factors exacerbate climate change, leading to a range of detrimental effects on the environment and human populations alike.
Future Projections and Mitigation Strategies (Section 5.3)
Predicting future population growth is challenging, with various models offering different scenarios. However, understanding potential future trends and implementing effective mitigation strategies is crucial.
#### Demographic Transition Model:
The demographic transition model suggests that as societies develop economically, fertility rates tend to decline. This transition, however, occurs at different rates in different parts of the world, making accurate long-term predictions difficult.
#### Sustainable Development Goals:
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) acknowledge the challenges posed by population growth and promote sustainable development practices aimed at improving quality of life while minimizing environmental impact. These goals emphasize the importance of access to education, healthcare, and family planning services.
#### Technological Solutions:
Technological innovations in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and waste management can play a significant role in mitigating the environmental consequences of population growth. Developing and implementing these solutions is crucial for ensuring a sustainable future.
Conclusion
Section 5.3 Human Population Growth is a pivotal topic that demands careful consideration. Understanding the driving factors, environmental consequences, and potential future scenarios is essential for formulating effective strategies to manage this growth sustainably. Addressing this challenge requires a multi-faceted approach that integrates economic development, social equity, and environmental protection. Ignoring this crucial issue risks exacerbating existing problems and jeopardizing the well-being of future generations.
FAQs
1. What is the carrying capacity of the Earth? The Earth's carrying capacity – the maximum human population it can sustainably support – is a highly debated topic, with estimates varying widely depending on factors such as resource consumption patterns and technological advancements.
2. How does population growth affect economic development? Population growth can both stimulate and hinder economic development. A larger workforce can drive economic growth, but rapid population growth can also strain resources and infrastructure, slowing down development.
3. What role does education play in managing population growth? Education, particularly for women, is a crucial factor in reducing fertility rates. Educated women are more likely to have access to and utilize family planning services and make informed choices about family size.
4. What are the ethical considerations surrounding population control? Implementing population control measures raises complex ethical questions regarding individual rights, reproductive freedom, and government intervention in personal choices. Finding a balance between responsible population management and respecting individual liberties is crucial.
5. How can individuals contribute to sustainable population management? Individuals can contribute by making conscious choices regarding consumption patterns, supporting sustainable businesses, advocating for responsible environmental policies, and promoting access to education and healthcare.
| section 5 3 human population growth: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty-first Century Wolfgang Lutz, William P. Butz, Samir KC, 2017 Condensed into a detailed analysis and a selection of continent-wide datasets, this revised edition of World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century addresses the role of educational attainment in global population trends and models. Presenting the full chapter text of the original edition alongside a concise selection of data, it summarizes past trends in fertility, mortality, migration, and education, and examines relevant theories to identify key determining factors. Deriving from a global survey of hundreds of experts and five expert meetings on as many continents, World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview emphasizes alternative trends in human capital, new ways of studying ageing and the quantification of alternative population, and education pathways in the context of global sustainable development. It is an ideal companion to the county specific online Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Biology for AP ® Courses Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht, 2017-10-16 Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century, 2003-02-01 The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: The Population Bomb Paul R. Ehrlich, 1971 |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Aging and the Macroeconomy National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications, Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population, 2013-01-10 The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: The Limits to Growth Donella H. Meadows, 1972 Examines the factors which limit human economic and population growth and outlines the steps necessary for achieving a balance between population and production. Bibliogs |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population Growth and Economic Development National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Working Group on Population Growth and Economic Development, 1986-02-01 This book addresses nine relevant questions: Will population growth reduce the growth rate of per capita income because it reduces the per capita availability of exhaustible resources? How about for renewable resources? Will population growth aggravate degradation of the natural environment? Does more rapid growth reduce worker output and consumption? Do rapid growth and greater density lead to productivity gains through scale economies and thereby raise per capita income? Will rapid population growth reduce per capita levels of education and health? Will it increase inequality of income distribution? Is it an important source of labor problems and city population absorption? And, finally, do the economic effects of population growth justify government programs to reduce fertility that go beyond the provision of family planning services? |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee to Review the Bureau of Land Management Wild Horse and Burro Management Program, 2013-10-04 Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: A Concise History of World Population Massimo Livi-Bacci, 2017-01-10 The latest edition of this classic text has been updated to reflect current trends and implications for future demographic developments. The areas of Africa, international migration and population and environment have been strengthened and statistical information has been updated throughout. A new edition of this classic history of demography text, which has been updated to strengthen the major subject areas of Africa, international migration and population and the environment Includes the latest statistical information, including the 2015 UN population projections revision and developments in China's population policy Information is presented in a clear and simple form, with academic material presented accessibly for the undergraduate audience whilst still maintaining the interest of higher level students and scholars The text covers issues that are crucial to the future of every species by encouraging humanity's search for ways to prevent future demographic catastrophes brought about by environmental or human agency Analyses the changing patterns of world population growth, including the effects of migration, war, disease, technology and culture |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population and Development Tim Dyson, 2013-07-04 The demographic transition and its related effects of population growth, fertility decline and ageing populations are fraught with controversy. When discussed in relation to the global south and the modern project of development, the questions and answers become more problematic. Population and Development offers an expert guide on the demographic transition, from its origins in Enlightenment Europe through to the rest of the world. Tim Dyson examines how, while the phenomenon continues to cause unsustainable population growth with serious economic and environmental implications, its processes have underlain previous periods of sustained economic growth, helped to liberate women from the domestic domain, and contributed greatly to the rise of modern democracy. This accessible yet scholarly analysis will enable any student or expert in development studies to understand complex and vital demographic theory. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population Matters Nancy Birdsall, Allen C. Kelley, Steven W. Sinding, 2001 The effect of demography on economic performance has been the subject of intense debate in economics for nearly two centuries. In recent years opinion has swung between the Malthusian views of Coale and Hoover, and the cornucopian views of Julian Simon. Unfortunately, until recently, data weretoo weak and analytical models too limited to provide clear insights into the relationship. As a result, economists as a group have not been clear or conclusive.This volume, which is based on a collection of papers that heavily rely on data from the 1980s and 1990s and on new analytical approaches, sheds important new light on demographic--economic relationships, and it provides clearer policy conclusions than any recent work on the subject. In particular,evidence from developing countries throughout the world shows a pattern in recent decades that was not evident earlier: countries with higher rates of population growth have tended to see less economic growth. An analysis of the role of demography in the Asian economic miracle strongly suggeststhat changes in age structures resulting from declining fertility create a one-time demographic gift or window of opportunity, when the working age population has relatively few dependants, of either young or old age, to support. Countries which recognize and seize on this opportunity can, as theAsian tigers did, realize healthy bursts in economic output. But such results are by no means assured: only for countries with otherwise sound economic policies will the window of opportunity yield such dramatic results. Finally, several of the studies demonstrate the likelihood of a causalrelationship between high fertility and poverty. While the direction of causality is not always clear and very likely is reciprocal (poverty contributes to high fertility and high fertility reinforces poverty), the studies support the view that lower fertility at the country level helps create apath out of poverty for many families.Population Matters represents an important further step in our understanding of the contribution of population change to economic performance. As such, it will be a useful volume for policymakers both in developing countries and in international development agencies. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Beyond Six Billion National Research Council, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Panel on Population Projections, 2000-10-11 Is rapid world population growth actually coming to an end? As population growth and its consequences have become front-page issues, projections of slowing growth from such institutions as the United Nations and the World Bank have been called into question. Beyond Six Billion asks what such projections really say, why they say it, whether they can be trusted, and whether they can be improved. The book includes analysis of how well past U.N. and World Bank projections have panned out, what errors have occurred, and why they have happened. Focusing on fertility as one key to accurate projections, the committee examines the transition from high, constant fertility to low fertility levels and discusses whether developing countries will eventually attain the very low levels of births now observed in the industrialized world. Other keys to accurate projections, predictions of lengthening life span and of the impact of international migration on specific countries, are also explored in detail. How good are our methods of population forecasting? How can we cope with the inevitable uncertainty? What population trends can we anticipate? Beyond Six Billion illuminates not only the forces that shape population growth but also the accuracy of the methods we use to quantify these forces and the uncertainty surrounding projections. The Committee on Population was established by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1983 to bring the knowledge and methods of the population sciences to bear on major issues of science and public policy. The committee's work includes both basic studies of fertility, health and mortality, and migration; and applied studies aimed at improving programs for the public health and welfare in the United States and in developing countries. The committee also fosters communication among researchers in different disciplines and countries and policy makers in government, international agencies, and private organizations. The work of the committee is made possible by funding from several government agencies and private foundations. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: World Urbanization Prospects United Nations Publications, 2019-10-18 The report presents findings from the 2018 revision of World Urbanization Prospects, which contains the latest estimates of the urban and rural populations or areas from 1950 to 2018 and projections to 2050, as well as estimates of population size from 1950 to 2018 and projections to 2030 for all urban agglomerations with 300,000 inhabitants or more in 2018. The world urban population is at an all-time high, and the share of urban dwellers, is projected to represent two thirds of the global population in 2050. Continued urbanization will bring new opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights United Nations Publications, 2019 The United Nations population estimates and projections form a comprehensive set of demographic data to assess population trends at the global, regional and national levels. They are used in the calculation of many of the key development indicators commonly used by the United Nations system, including for more than one third of the indicators used to monitor progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects is the twenty-sixth edition of the official United Nations population estimates and projections, which have been prepared since 1951 by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The 2019 revision presents population estimates from 1950 until the present for 235 countries or areas, which have been developed through country-specific analyses of historical demographic trends. It builds on previous revisions by incorporating additional results from the 2010 and 2020 rounds of national population censuses as well as information from vital registration and recent nationally representative household sample surveys. The 2019 revision also presents population projections to the year 2100 that reflect a range of plausible outcomes at the global, regional and country levels. These Highlights summarise key population trends described by the estimates and projections presented in World Population Prospects 2019. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population and Society Dudley L. Poston, Jr, Leon F. Bouvier, 2016-12-28 This comprehensive yet accessible textbook is an ideal resource for undergraduate and graduate students taking their first course in demography. Clearly explaining technical demographic issues without using extensive mathematics, Population and Society is sociologically oriented, but incorporates a variety of social sciences in its approach, including economics, political science, geography, and history. It highlights the significant impact of decision-making at the individual level - especially regarding fertility, but also mortality and migration - on population change. The text engages students by providing numerous examples of demography's practical applications in their lives, and demonstrates the extent of its relevance by examining a wide selection of data from the United States, Africa, Asia, and Europe. This thoroughly revised edition includes four new chapters, covering topics such as race and sexuality, and encourages students to consider the broad implications of population growth and change for global challenges such as environmental degradation. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: An Essay on the Principle of Population T. R. Malthus, 2012-03-13 The first major study of population size and its tremendous importance to the character and quality of society, this classic examines the tendency of human numbers to outstrip their resources. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Beyond Malthus Lester R. Brown, Gary Gardner, Brian Halweil, 2014-04-08 On the bicentennial of Malthus' legendary essay on the tendency of population to grow more rapidly than the food supply, this book examines the impacts of population growth on 19 global resources and services, including food, fresh water, fisheries, jobs, education, income and health. Despite current hype of a 'birth dearth' in parts of Europe and Japan, the fact remains that human numbers are projected to increase by over 3 billion by 2050. Populations in rapidly growing nations are in danger of outstripping the carrying capacity of their natural support systems and governments in such situations will find it increasingly hard to respond to crises such as AIDS, food and water shortages and mass unemployment. Beyond Malthus examines methods such as the expansion of international family planning, investment in educating young people in the developing world and promotion of a shift towards smaller families which will represent the most humane response to the possible ravages of the population explosion. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-04-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population and Climate Change Brian C. O'Neill, F. Landis MacKellar, Wolfgang Lutz, 2005-09-29 Population and Climate Change provides the first systematic in-depth treatment of links between two major themes of the 21st century: population growth (and associated demographic trends such as aging) and climate change. It is written by a multidisciplinary team of authors from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis who integrate both natural science and social science perspectives in a way that is comprehensible to members of both communities. The book will be of primary interest to researchers in the fields of climate change, demography, and economics. It will also be useful to policy-makers and NGOs dealing with issues of population dynamics and climate change, and to teachers and students in courses such as environmental studies, demography, climatology, economics, earth systems science, and international relations. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes National Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, 2001-06-12 As the world's population exceeds an incredible 6 billion people, governmentsâ€and scientistsâ€everywhere are concerned about the prospects for sustainable development. The science academies of the three most populous countries have joined forces in an unprecedented effort to understand the linkage between population growth and land-use change, and its implications for the future. By examining six sites ranging from agricultural to intensely urban to areas in transition, the multinational study panel asks how population growth and consumption directly cause land-use change, and explore the general nature of the forces driving the transformations. Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes explains how disparate government policies with unintended consequences and globalization effects that link local land-use changes to consumption patterns and labor policies in distant countries can be far more influential than simple numerical population increases. Recognizing the importance of these linkages can be a significant step toward more effective environmental management. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population Dynamics of Senegal National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Working Group on Senegal, 1995-01-01 This volume, the last in the series Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, examines key demographic changes in Senegal over the past several decades. It analyzes the changes in fertility and their causes, with comparisons to other sub-Saharan countries. It also analyzes the causes and patterns of declines in mortality, focusing particularly on rural and urban differences. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population, Land Use, and Environment National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Economics, Governance, and International Studies, Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Panel on New Research on Population and the Environment, 2005-10-15 Population, Land Use, and Environment: Research Directions offers recommendations for future research to improve understanding of how changes in human populations affect the natural environment by means of changes in land use, such as deforestation, urban development, and development of coastal zones. It also features a set of state-of-the-art papers by leading researchers that analyze population-land useenvironment relationships in urban and rural settings in developed and underdeveloped countries and that show how remote sensing and other observational methods are being applied to these issues. This book will serve as a resource for researchers, research funders, and students. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Human Population Genetics and Genomics Alan R. Templeton, 2018-11-08 Human Population Genetics and Genomics provides researchers/students with knowledge on population genetics and relevant statistical approaches to help them become more effective users of modern genetic, genomic and statistical tools. In-depth chapters offer thorough discussions of systems of mating, genetic drift, gene flow and subdivided populations, human population history, genotype and phenotype, detecting selection, units and targets of natural selection, adaptation to temporally and spatially variable environments, selection in age-structured populations, and genomics and society. As human genetics and genomics research often employs tools and approaches derived from population genetics, this book helps users understand the basic principles of these tools. In addition, studies often employ statistical approaches and analysis, so an understanding of basic statistical theory is also needed. - Comprehensively explains the use of population genetics and genomics in medical applications and research - Discusses the relevance of population genetics and genomics to major social issues, including race and the dangers of modern eugenics proposals - Provides an overview of how population genetics and genomics helps us understand where we came from as a species and how we evolved into who we are now |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Patterns of Human Growth Barry Bogin, 1999-05-06 A revised edition of an established text on human growth and development from an anthropological and evolutionary perspective. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: An Introduction to Conservation Biology Anna Sher, Richard B. Primack, 2020 |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population Dynamics and Climate Change José Miguel Guzmán, 2009 This book broadens and deepens understanding of a wide range of population-climate change linkages. Incorporating population dynamics into research, policymaking and advocacy around climate change is critical for understanding trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions, for developing and implementing adaptation plans and thus for global and national efforts to curtail this threat. The papers in this volume provide a substantive and methodological guide to the current state of knowledge on issues such as population growth and size and emissions; population vulnerability and adaptation linked to health, gender disparities and children; migration and urbanization; and the data and analytical needs for the next stages of policy-relevant research. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Human Population Genetics John H. Relethford, 2012-03-27 Introductory guide to human population genetics and microevolutionary theory Providing an introduction to mathematical population genetics, Human Population Genetics gives basic background on the mechanisms of human microevolution. This text combines mathematics, biology, and anthropology and is best suited for advanced undergraduate and graduate study. Thorough and accessible, Human Population Genetics presents concepts and methods of population genetics specific to human population study, utilizing uncomplicated mathematics like high school algebra and basic concepts of probability to explain theories central to the field. By describing changes in the frequency of genetic variants from one generation to the next, this book hones in on the mathematical basis of evolutionary theory. Human Population Genetics includes: Helpful formulae for learning ease Graphs and analogies that make basic points and relate the evolutionary process to mathematical ideas Glossary terms marked in boldface within the book the first time they appear In-text citations that act as reference points for further research Exemplary case studies Topics such as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, inbreeding, mutation, genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow Human Population Genetics solidifies knowledge learned in introductory biological anthropology or biology courses and makes it applicable to genetic study. NOTE: errata for the first edition can be found at the author's website: http://employees.oneonta.edu/relethjh/HPG/errata.pdf |
| section 5 3 human population growth: How Many People Can the Earth Support? Joel E. Cohen, 1996 Discusses how many people the earth can support in terms of economic, physical, and environmental aspects. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: The Global Findex Database 2017 Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, 2018-04-19 In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 The founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum on how the impending technological revolution will change our lives We are on the brink of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. And this one will be unlike any other in human history. Characterized by new technologies fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the Fourth Industrial Revolution will impact all disciplines, economies and industries - and it will do so at an unprecedented rate. World Economic Forum data predicts that by 2025 we will see: commercial use of nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than human hair; the first transplant of a 3D-printed liver; 10% of all cars on US roads being driverless; and much more besides. In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Schwab outlines the key technologies driving this revolution, discusses the major impacts on governments, businesses, civil society and individuals, and offers bold ideas for what can be done to shape a better future for all. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Himalayan Glaciers National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Atmospheric Studies and Climate, Committee on Himalayan Glaciers, Hydrology, Climate Change, and Implications for Water Security, 2012-11-29 Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Demographic Transition Theory John C. Caldwell, 2007-09-21 This book has a strong theoretical focus and is unique in addressing both mortality and fertility over the full span of human history. It examines the demographic transition in the change in the human condition from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility. It asks if fluctuating populations is a new phenomenon, or if there has long been an inherent tendency in Man to maximize survival and to control family size. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: World Population Prospects United Nations Publications, 2016-05-09 This report presents the 2010 Revision of the population estimates and projections prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. The 2010 Revision constitutes the twenty second round of the global population estimates and projections produced by the Population Division since 1951 and it breaks new ground in the production of population projections. For the first time, projections are carried out up to 2100, instead of 2050 as previously. In order to extend the projection period to 2100, a new method for the projection of fertility was developed. The method used in the 2010 Revision is based on the advances made in projecting fertility since the 2000 Revision, advances that have been combined with a probabilistic approach to yield the future paths of fertility used in producing the medium variant of the 2010 Revision. The full results of the 2010 Revision are presented in two volumes. The first |
| section 5 3 human population growth: The Biology of Population Growth Raymond Pearl, 1967 |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Techniques for the Study of Primate Population Ecology , 1981-01-01 |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam, 2017 Edition Princeton Review, 2016-10-11 EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO HELP SCORE A PERFECT 5. Equip yourself to ace the AP Human Geography Exam with The Princeton Review's comprehensive study guide—including thorough content reviews, targeted strategies for every question type, access to our AP Connect portal online, and 2 full-length practice tests with complete answer explanations. This eBook edition has been optimized for on-screen viewing with cross-linked questions, answers, and explanations. AP Human Geography can be a tough nut to crack, but stellar AP scores are an important part of having a competitive college application at the most selective schools. Written by the experts at The Princeton Review, Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam arms you to take on the test and achieve your highest possible score. Techniques That Actually Work. • Tried-and-true strategies to help you avoid traps and beat the test • Tips for pacing yourself and guessing logically • Essential tactics to help you work smarter, not harder Everything You Need to Know to Help Achieve a High Score. • Comprehensive content reviews for all test topics • Engaging activities to help you critically assess your progress • Access to AP Connect, our online portal for helpful pre-college information and exam updates Practice Your Way to Excellence. • 2 full-length practice tests with detailed answer explanations • Detailed maps and charts illustrating trends, theories, and models • Useful lists of key terms and practice drills for every content review chapter |
| section 5 3 human population growth: World Cities Report 2020 United Nations, 2020-11-30 In a rapidly urbanizing and globalized world, cities have been the epicentres of COVID-19 (coronavirus). The virus has spread to virtually all parts of the world; first, among globally connected cities, then through community transmission and from the city to the countryside. This report shows that the intrinsic value of sustainable urbanization can and should be harnessed for the wellbeing of all. It provides evidence and policy analysis of the value of urbanization from an economic, social and environmental perspective. It also explores the role of innovation and technology, local governments, targeted investments and the effective implementation of the New Urban Agenda in fostering the value of sustainable urbanization. |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Population Regulation Robert H. Tamarin, 1978 |
| section 5 3 human population growth: Sustainability Tom Theis, Jonathan Tomkin, 2018-01-23 With Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation, first and second-year college students are introduced to this expanding new field, comprehensively exploring the essential concepts from every branch of knowldege - including engineering and the applied arts, natural and social sciences, and the humanities. As sustainability is a multi-disciplinary area of study, the text is the product of multiple authors drawn from the diverse faculty of the University of Illinois: each chapter is written by a recognized expert in the field. |
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