A Sentence For Economics

A Sentence for Economics: Unpacking the Complexity of a Concise Field

Economics, at its core, is the study of how societies allocate scarce resources. But capturing the essence of this vast and multifaceted field in a single sentence? That's a challenge. This post delves into the complexities of defining economics concisely, exploring various attempts and highlighting the nuances inherent in each. We'll examine what makes a good "sentence for economics," considering both its accuracy and its accessibility to a broad audience. By the end, you'll not only have a better understanding of economics itself but also the challenges of distilling complex ideas into succinct statements.

The Difficulties of a Single Sentence

Defining economics in a single sentence is inherently difficult because of its scope. It encompasses microeconomics (individual choices and market mechanisms) and macroeconomics (national and global economic trends). It touches upon various subfields like behavioral economics, econometrics, and development economics, each with its own unique perspectives and methodologies. Attempting a single-sentence definition risks oversimplification, potentially omitting crucial aspects or introducing inaccuracies.

Attempting a Definition: Strengths and Weaknesses

Let's examine a few attempts at a single-sentence definition of economics, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses:

"Economics is the study of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity." This is a popular choice, emphasizing the fundamental problem of scarcity and the rational decision-making process. Its strength lies in its simplicity and broad applicability. However, it neglects the social and institutional context within which these choices are made.

"Economics is the science of allocating limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants." This sentence highlights the core tension between limited means and unlimited desires. It's accessible and emphasizes the quantitative nature of many economic analyses. The weakness lies in the potential for a purely materialistic interpretation, overlooking the role of social values and non-market allocations.

"Economics studies how societies organize themselves to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services." This definition is more comprehensive, encompassing production, distribution, and consumption. However, it's arguably less concise and might be less accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Beyond the Single Sentence: A More Nuanced Approach

While a single sentence can offer a glimpse into the field, it inevitably falls short of fully capturing its richness. A more robust understanding requires engaging with the various theories, models, and empirical evidence that constitute the field. The "sentence for economics" should be considered a starting point, a springboard for further exploration, rather than a definitive statement.

The Importance of Context

The best "sentence for economics" depends heavily on the context. A definition suitable for a high school economics class might be different from one used in a graduate-level econometrics course. The intended audience dictates the level of technicality and the emphasis on specific aspects of the field.

The Evolving Nature of Economics

Economics is not a static field. New theories, models, and methodologies are constantly emerging. A single sentence definition risks becoming outdated or incomplete as the field evolves.

Conclusion

Finding the perfect "sentence for economics" is an exercise in balancing conciseness with comprehensiveness. While several attempts offer valuable insights, they inevitably fall short of completely capturing the depth and breadth of this complex subject. Rather than striving for a definitive single sentence, it is more beneficial to understand economics through engagement with its various facets and ongoing development. The "sentence" serves as a useful introduction, but the true understanding comes from deeper exploration.

FAQs

1. Is there a universally accepted "sentence for economics"? No, there isn't. The best definition depends on the context and intended audience.

2. Why is defining economics so difficult? Its vast scope, encompassing micro and macro perspectives, numerous subfields, and constant evolution makes a concise definition extremely challenging.

3. Can a simple sentence adequately capture the complexities of economics? No, a simple sentence can only provide a rudimentary introduction. A thorough understanding requires deeper study.

4. What are some alternative ways to understand economics besides a single sentence? Explore introductory textbooks, online courses, and engaging documentaries.

5. How does the context influence the choice of a "sentence for economics"? The audience (e.g., high school students vs. economists) and the specific focus (e.g., micro vs. macro) dictate the appropriate level of detail and technicality in the definition.


  a sentence for economics: Reflexivity in Economics Serena Sandri, 2008-11-30 Since the individuals are not just stimulus-response machines but more complex beings that think and are simultaneously conscious of their thought, re?exivity is potentially involved in all human acts of cognition and in all conceptualizations. On this basis, each human discourse can be characterized as a way of thought f- mulation and therefore, reveals a self-referring nature. On this level of re?exivity, the individual thought shapes beliefs and mental representations which give life to mental models and strive to predict future events and developments to support the individuals in their decision-making. Such mental models are re?ected by the - dividuals themselves and on the situation they are confronted with. According to the result of this recursive application, the individuals will then decide which model they want to refer to, or in other words, which model they want to absorb. Similarly, the individuals can make use of social theories and predictions which can therefore yield recursive effects and interfere with the phenomena they aim to depict. Revealed theories, if accepted, may in?uence the behaviour or the agents they focus on, either in the sense of validation of the theoretical content or in that of its rejection.
  a sentence for economics: Crises of the Sentence Jan Mieszkowski, 2019-04-02 There are few forms in which so much authority has been invested with so little reflection as the sentence. Though a fundamental unit of discourse, it has rarely been an explicit object of inquiry, often taking a back seat to concepts such as the word, trope, line, or stanza. To understand what is at stake in thinking—or not thinking—about the sentence, Jan Mieszkowski looks at the difficulties confronting nineteenth- and twentieth-century authors when they try to explain what a sentence is and what it can do. From Romantic debates about the power of the stand-alone sentence, to the realist obsession with precision and revision, to modernist experiments with ungovernable forms, Mieszkowski explores the hidden allegiances behind our ever-changing stylistic ideals. By showing how an investment in superior writing has always been an ethical and a political as well as an aesthetic commitment, Crises of the Sentence offers a new perspective on our love-hate relationship with this fundamental compositional category.
  a sentence for economics: Economics Douglas McTaggart, Christopher Findlay, Michael Parkin, 2015-05-20 High quality, engaging content for students...ultimate flexibility for educators The seventh edition of this benchmark Australian text continues to offer students a comprehensive and relevant introduction to economics whilst offering educators the ability to customise and deliver content – your way. Economics 7th edition provides a streamlined approach to study and recognises the difficulties some students may face in comprehending key concepts. By leaving the more technical content and application until later, students can enjoy the more exciting policy material from the beginning and engage with the content early. Through compelling examples, clear explanations and the latest instructive on-line resources, the text draws students into the content and reinforces learning through practice and solving problems which are relevant to them. The authors train students to think about issues in the way real economists do, and learn how to explore difficult policy problems and make more informed decisions by offering a clear introduction to theory and applying the concepts to today’s events, news, and research.
  a sentence for economics: Economics Richard G. Lipsey, Richard George Lipsey, K. Alec Chrystal, 2007 The eleventh edition of this successful textbook for Economics majors has been thoroughly updated and revised to give more depth to core principles. Pitched at a level that will stretch readers but still comprehensible for beginners, Economics is explained in a straightforward manner, whilst maintaining the rigour needed to enable students to progress with their studies. The book features a depth and breadth of topics combined with a balance of technical and applied material. In-depth explanations of theoretical concepts are balanced with a range of real world examples help students to understand and apply the concepts they have learnt. A supporting and newly expanded Online Resource Centre features supplements for lecturers including an instructor's manual; PowerPoint slides; answers to questions in the text; class exercises; and artwork from the text. Supplements for students include self-assessment multiple choice questions with feedback; crosswords compiled from key glossary terms; a list of useful websites; maths appendices; past exam papers and additional case studies
  a sentence for economics: Fundamental Principles of Law and Economics Alan Devlin, 2014-10-17 This textbook places the relationship between law and economics in its international context, explaining the fundamentals of this increasingly important area of teaching and research in an accessible and straightforward manner. In presenting the subject, Alan Devlin draws on the neoclassical tradition of economic analysis of law while also showcasing cutting- edge developments, such as the rise of behavioural economic theories of law. Key features of this innovative book include: case law, directives, regulations, and statistics from EU, UK, and US jurisdictions are presented clearly and contextualised for law students, showing how law and economics theory can be understood in practice; succinct end- of-chapter summaries highlight the essential points in each chapter to focus student learning; further reading is provided at the end of each chapter to guide independent research. Making use of tables and diagrams throughout to facilitate understanding, this text provides a comprehensive overview of law-and-economics that is ideal for those new to the subject and for use as a course text for law-and-economics modules.
  a sentence for economics: The Economics of Crime Harold Winter, 2019-08-01 The Economics of Crime presents a review of economic scholarly research in the ever-growing field of crime and punishment. Without using graphs or mathematical equations, Winter combines theory and empirical evidence relating to public policy concerns over a wide range of controversial topics such as the death penalty, racial bias in the criminal justice system, gun control, the war on drugs, fines versus imprisonment, policing tactics, and shaming punishments. In addition to offering an updated and expanded coverage of these, and other topics, this second edition is more international in scope, with the inclusion of studies that use data from Italy, Australia, the U.K., Singapore, Brazil, and others. Also included is a brand-new chapter on the application of behavioral economics to crime and punishment, providing readers with a succinct introduction to this modern and increasingly important approach to economic issues. By requiring no previous knowledge of economics, this book continues to be the perfect choice for students new to the study of economics and public policy, whether it is in the discipline of economics, political science, criminology, law, or any other field that is concerned with issues in crime and punishment. Furthermore, due to its accessibility, The Economics of Crime can be enjoyed by anyone who follows current public policy debate over some of society’s most contentious issues.
  a sentence for economics: Economics Richard Lipsey, Alec Chrystal, 2011-03-24 The twelfth edition of this bestselling textbook has been revised and updated to offer Economics students a comprehensive introduction to Economics and its core principles. New case studies and boxed examples, in-depth explanations and an expanded Online Resource Centre will help students to progress with their studies.
  a sentence for economics: The Theory of the Individual in Economics John B Davis, 2003-03-20 The concept of the individual and his/her motivations is a bedrock of philosophy. Economics, though, is guilty of taking this hugely important concept without questioning how we theorise it. This superb book remedies this oversight.
  a sentence for economics: The Progress of Economics Warren Benjamin Catlin, 1962
  a sentence for economics: Economics as Literature William Henderson, 2006-06-07 A rich vein of economics writings which runs through the nineteenth century and beyond is now largely ignored because its authors were women or because they favoured literary over scientific forms. Economics as Literature re-examines some of the most interesting texts from within this tradition. The works considered include: *stories (eg by Maria Edgeworth and Harriet Martineau) *dialogues (eg by Jane Marcet and Thomas de Quincey) *'imaginative' writing (eg from Ruskin and Francis Edgeworth) *Keynes' General Theory which is locked within a nineteenth century 'tradition' of uniting science and art.
  a sentence for economics: Narrative Economics Robert J. Shiller, 2020-09-01 From Nobel Prize–winning economist and New York Times bestselling author Robert Shiller, a groundbreaking account of how stories help drive economic events—and why financial panics can spread like epidemic viruses Stories people tell—about financial confidence or panic, housing booms, or Bitcoin—can go viral and powerfully affect economies, but such narratives have traditionally been ignored in economics and finance because they seem anecdotal and unscientific. In this groundbreaking book, Robert Shiller explains why we ignore these stories at our peril—and how we can begin to take them seriously. Using a rich array of examples and data, Shiller argues that studying popular stories that influence individual and collective economic behavior—what he calls narrative economics—may vastly improve our ability to predict, prepare for, and lessen the damage of financial crises and other major economic events. The result is nothing less than a new way to think about the economy, economic change, and economics. In a new preface, Shiller reflects on some of the challenges facing narrative economics, discusses the connection between disease epidemics and economic epidemics, and suggests why epidemiology may hold lessons for fighting economic contagions.
  a sentence for economics: The Economics of Human Rights Elizabeth M. Wheaton, 2018-09-21 Economics plays a key role in human rights issues as decision-makers weigh the incentives associated with choosing how to use scarce resources in the context of committing or escaping human rights violence. This textbook provides an introduction to the microeconomic analysis of human rights utilizing economics as a lens through which to examine social topics including capital punishment, violence against women, asylum seeking, terrorism, child abuse, genocide, and hate. Whether analyzing the decisions made in capital punishment cases, the causes and consequences of genocide, or the impact of terrorist acts on domestic and international decision-making, the science of economics provides tools and a systematic method of analysis and policy recommendation. This key text presents a method for integrating the social sciences of economics and human rights to create new opportunities for the investigation of social issues. Within each chapter, readers gain a fundamental understanding of a specific human rights issue, the decision-makers and the decision-making process involved, and the benefits and costs leading to the decisions. Experts on each issue, drawn from a variety of fields, contribute to each chapter and present first-hand accounts and different perspectives on each issue. The detailed analyses and accounts provided also explore the potential incentives involved in the prevention and termination of human rights violations. Aiming to further economic inquiry and enhance interdisciplinary research, this textbook serves as a multi-purpose guide for a range of readers. Students, researchers, and educators, as well as those working in organizations supporting victims of human rights violations and policy-makers facing human rights challenges, will find this book informative and engaging.
  a sentence for economics: Crime and Economics Kevin Albertson, Chris Fox, 2011-10-05 Crime and Economics provides the first comprehensive and accessible text to address the economics of crime within the study of crime and criminology. The economics of crime is an area of growing activity and concern, increasingly influential both to the study of crime and criminal justice and to the formulation of crime reduction and criminal justice policy. As well as providing an overview of the relationship between economics and crime, this book poses key questions such as: What is the impact of the labour market and poverty on crime? Can society decrease criminal activity from a basis of economic disincentives? What forms of crime reduction and methods of reducing re-offending are most cost beneficial? Can illicit organised crime and illicit drug markets be understood better through the application of economic analysis? For those interested in economic methods, but without previous economic training, this book also provides an accessible overview of key areas such as cost-benefit analysis, econometrics and the debate around how to estimate the costs of crime. This book will be key reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of criminology and economics and those working in the criminal justice system including practitioners, managers and policy makers.
  a sentence for economics: A Structuralist Theory of Economics Adolfo García de la Sienra, 2019-01-15 Economists have long grappled with the problem of how economic theories relate to empirical evidence: how can abstract mathematized theories be used to produce empirical claims? How are such theories applied to economic phenomena? What does it mean to “test” economic theories? This book introduces, explains, and develops a structural philosophy of economics which addresses these questions and provides a unifying philosophical/logical basis for a general methodology of economics. The book begins by introducing a rigorous view of the logical foundations and structure of scientific theories based upon the work of Alfred Tarski, Patrick Suppes, Karl Marx, and others. Using and combining their methods, the book then goes on to reconstruct important economic theories – including utility theory, game theory, Marxian economics, Sraffian economic theory, and econometrics – proving all the main theorems and discussing the key claims and the empirical applicability of each theory. Through these discussions, this book presents, in a systematic fashion, a general philosophy of economics grounded in the structural view. Offering rigorous formulations of important economic theories, A Structuralist Theory of Economics will be invaluable to all readers interested in the logic, philosophy, and methodology of economics. It will also appeal particularly to those interested in economic theory.
  a sentence for economics: Differentiating with Graphic Organizers Patti Drapeau, 2016-04-26 Graphic organizers have proven to be successful tools for helping students develop their critical and creative thinking skills. This research-based resource shows how graphic organizers can improve teaching practices, help differentiate instruction in the classroom, and raise learning outcomes for all students, including English language learners and students with learning disabilities. The author presents graphic organizers for nine types of thinking processes based on Bloom's taxonomy and offers examples of how to apply the graphic organizers in different subject areas and grade levels. This hands-on guide demonstrates how teachers can: Promote the critical thinking processes of assuming, inferring, analyzing, prioritizing, and judging Encourage the creative thinking processes of brainstorming, connecting, creating, and elaborating Modify graphic organizers or create their own to meet individual learning needs With assessment rubrics for providing quality feedback included, Differentiating With Graphic Organizers addresses ways to promote and build students’ creative reasoning, communication, and problem-solving skills and make the learning process a success.
  a sentence for economics: Advanced Lectures in Quantitative Economics Frederick van Der Ploeg, 2014-05-01 Advanced Lectures in Quantitative Economics summarizes some of the efforts of a second-phase program for first-rate candidates with a Master's degree in economics who wish to continue with a doctoral degree in quantitative economics. This book is organized into three main topics—macroeconomics, microeconomics, and econometrics. This text specifically discusses the Neo-Keynesian macroeconomics in an open economy, international coordination of monetary policies under alternative exchange-rate regimes, and prospects for global trade imbalances. The post-war developments in labor economics, introduction to overlapping generation models, and measurement of expectations and direct tests of the REH are also elaborated. This monograph likewise covers the dynamic econometric modeling of decisions under uncertainty and fundamental bordered matrix of linear estimation. This publication is a good reference for students and specialists interested in quantitative economics.
  a sentence for economics: Idealization VI: Idealization in Economics , 2023-12-28
  a sentence for economics: Liberty & Prosperity: Liberal economics for achieving universal prosperity Gopi Krishna Suvanam, 2021-06-01 ‘Liberty & Prosperity: Liberal Economics for Achieving Universal Prosperity’ aims to illuminate alternative policy framework using liberal economic policies. The evolution of this book is grounded in the author’s personal and professional experience investigating economies around the world and therefore takes a global view. The ideas discussed are intended for countries currently under different stages of development and are not restricted to only developed countries or emerging economies. This book examines what we as a society can do to achieve universal prosperity with the recurring topic of the intertwining nature of liberty and prosperity; without prosperity, man cannot have true liberty, and the best way to achieve universal prosperity is by providing liberty to all. It identifies the appropriate measures from existing liberal theories that could help achieve this long-term goal, while also introducing contrarian ideas, including the elimination of income tax, denationalization of money, and the reduction in the role of central banks. The central theme is that liberty in all aspects of economic activity, coupled with universal basic income, could create universal prosperity. This book will particularly appeal to those with a general interest in the economy and business, as well as students who seek an overview of classical macroeconomic principles; however, the book’s innovative ideas may also be of interest to professional economists.
  a sentence for economics: How to be Human-- Though an Economist Deirdre N. McCloskey, 2000 A witty and thoughtful romp through the profession and practice of economics
  a sentence for economics: Reorganization Plan No. 9 of 1953 (Council of Economic Advisers) , 1953
  a sentence for economics: University Of Hyderabad Integrated M.A. (Economics) Entrance-CUET (UG) Ebook Dr Chandresh Agrawal, nandini books, 2024-07-21 SGN.The Ebook University Of Hyderabad Integrated M.A. (Economics) Entrance-CUET (UG) Covers Economics, General Test, And English.
  a sentence for economics: Sublime Economy Jack Amariglio, Joseph W. Childers, Stephen E. Cullenberg, 2008-11-25 Bringing together economists, literary and art critics, philosophers, sociologists, and others, this book fosters the emergence of a rich set of concerns about the intersections of art, aesthetics, and economics.
  a sentence for economics: Economics of Visual Art Amy Whitaker, 2021-08-12 Markets -- Cost -- Price -- Structure -- Failure -- Power -- Labor -- Property -- Investment -- Systems.
  a sentence for economics: Ebook: Economics Colander, 2016-09-16 Ebook: Economics
  a sentence for economics: Economic Growth Through Energy Efficiency United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Power, 1981
  a sentence for economics: Economics and Language Roger E. Backhouse, 2020-09-16 First published in 1993. The importance of language in economics has been neglected and dominated by techniques from other disciplines. This looks at the wider methological implications of language within economics in a practical and theoretical way.
  a sentence for economics: WRITE 1: Sentences and Paragraphs Dave Kemper, 2015-05-11 Created with the ‘student-tested, faculty-approved’ review process, Write 1: Sentences and Paragraphs is the first book in a two-book series devoted to helping students improve their writing skills. The authors believe that writing is a process and a cornerstone of the text is teaching students about the traits of good writing and why they are important to the writing process at all stages. The text comes automatically with access to MindTap - an innovative personal teaching experience with relevant assignments that guide students to analyze, apply, and improve thinking, and allows instructors to measure skills and outcomes with ease. This innovative combination of content delivery, both in print and online, provides students with a wealth of resources they can use to aid in their learning.
  a sentence for economics: 10 Practice Tests for the SAT 2021 The Princeton Review, 2020-05-05 Practice makes perfect With this compendium of practice test and answers, students can hone their SAT test-taking skills and work their way toward an excellent score. 10 Practice Tests for the SAT, 2021 Edition, includes 10 full-length SAT practice tests, plus an overview of SAT basics, scoring, and content.
  a sentence for economics: The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language V. Ginsburgh, S. Weber, 2016-04-08 Do the languages people speak influence their economic decisions and social behavior in multilingual societies? This Handbook brings together scholars from various disciplines to examine the links and tensions between economics and language to find the delicate balance between monetary benefits and psychological costs of linguistic dynamics.
  a sentence for economics: Economics Evolving Agnar Sandmo, 2011-01-17 This book describes the history of economic thought, focusing on the development of economic theory from Adam Smith's 'Wealth of Nations' to the late twentieth century. The text concentrates on the most important figures in the history of the economics. The book examines how important economists have reflected on the sometimes conflicting goals of efficient resource use and socially acceptable income distribution.--[book cover].
  a sentence for economics: Best 4000 Smart Question Bank SSC English Language Testbook, 2023-02-06 Get the SSC CGL English language book PDF and ace the English section in the SSC CGL exam. Get questions on Grammar, Comprehension and other elements of language and communication for efficient revision of the English topics for the SSC CGL exam.
  a sentence for economics: Agricultural Economics Research , 1982
  a sentence for economics: A Revolution in Economic Theory Ajit Sinha, 2016-08-18 This book draws on the work of one of the sharpest minds of the 20th century, Piero Sraffa. Ludwig Wittgenstein credited him for 'the most consequential ideas' of the Philosophical Investigations (1953) and put him high on his short list of geniuses. Sraffa's revolutionary contribution to economics was, however, lost to the world because economists did not pay attention to the philosophical underpinnings of his economics. Based on exhaustive archival research, Sinha presents an exciting new thesis that shows how Sraffa challenged the usual mode of theorizing in terms of essential and mechanical causation and, instead, argued for a descriptive or geometrical theory based on simultaneous relations. A consequence of this approach was a complete removal of 'agent's subjectivity' and 'marginal method' or counterfactual reasoning from economic analysis – the two fundamental pillars of orthodox economic theory.
  a sentence for economics: The Historiography of Economics A.W. Bob Coats, 2013-10-08 This is the third and final volume of collected papers of A.W. Bob Coats. Coats began to collect material for this volume in the years following the publication of the second volume in 1993, but sadly died in 2007, before the work was completed. The volume has now been completed under the editorship of Roger Backhouse and Bruce Caldwell. Along with his articles, the compilation of the volume also reflects Coats’ interest in and commitment to book reviews, a selection of which have been chosen for inclusion. The book also includes a comprehensive bibliography. In addition to a preface by Backhouse and Caldwell, the volume also reproduces the obituary that was published in History of Political Economy, a memoir published in 1996, and an interview with Grant Fleming, published the previous year. Together, the introductory materials, articles and reviews serve as a fitting tribute to the body of work of Bob Coats.
  a sentence for economics: The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics Daniel M. Hausman, 1992-01-31 This book offers a comprehensive overview of the structure, strategy and methods of assessment of orthodox theoretical economics.
  a sentence for economics: Doing Economics: A Guide to Understanding and Carrying Out Economic Research Steven A. Greenlaw, 2005 This handy reference text provides undergraduate students with a practical introduction to economic research methodology. 'Doing Economics : A Guide to Understanding and Carrying Out Economic Research' makes students aware of what experienced researchers know implicitly: research is fundamentally a process of constructing persuasive arguments supported by theory and empirical evidence. The text teaches students how to implement critical reading, writing, and online research skills to conduct valid and reliable research. Features include: numerous examples, including selections from scholarly and student writing, help to highlight the elements of effective research ; boxed features offer tips and guidelines for novice researchers on a variety of topics, including how to read research critically ; end-of-chapter exercises provide unique activities for students to apply what they have learned.--
  a sentence for economics: Essaying the Past Jim Cullen, 2016-12-19 Part research manual, part study guide, and part introduction to the study of history, Essaying the Past guides the reader through the nuts and bolts of producing good historical prose, offering key strategies and useful tips. Includes expert advice on writing about history, conducting good research, and learning how to think analytically Covers important topics such as framing questions, developing a strong introduction and topic sentences, choosing good evidence, and the crucial role of revision An annotated case study takes the reader through one student’s process of writing an essay and illustrates how strategies discussed in the book can be successfully implemented Six appendices cover the major issues facing students today, such as the dangers of plagiarism and the role of the internet
  a sentence for economics: Common Errors in English Shalini Verma, 1500 Chapter-end questions divided equally among 10 chapters with varying levels of difficulty, i.e. Low-Medium-High. 5 Self-Assessment Tests - 500 practice questions with explanatory answers
  a sentence for economics: America and the Postwar World: Remaking International Society, 1945-1956 David Mayers, 2018-03-13 The main tide of international relations scholarship on the first years after World War II sweeps toward Cold War accounts. These have emphasized the United States and USSR in a context of geopolitical rivalry, with concomitant attention upon the bristling security state. Historians have also extensively analyzed the creation of an economic order (Bretton Woods), mainly designed by Americans and tailored to their interests, but resisted by peoples residing outside of North America, Western Europe, and Japan. This scholarship, centered on the Cold War as vortex and a reconfigured world economy, is rife with contending schools of interpretation and, bolstered by troves of declassified archival documents, will support investigations and writing into the future. By contrast, this book examines a past that ran concurrent with the Cold War and interacted with it, but which usefully can also be read as separable: Washington in the first years after World War II, and in response to that conflagration, sought to redesign international society. That society was then, and remains, an admittedly amorphous thing. Yet it has always had a tangible aspect, drawing self-regarding states into occasional cooperation, mediated by treaties, laws, norms, diplomatic customs, and transnational institutions. The U.S.-led attempt during the first postwar years to salvage international society focused on the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, the Acheson–Lilienthal plan to contain the atomic arms race, the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals to force Axis leaders to account, the 1948 Genocide Convention, the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the founding of the United Nations. None of these initiatives was transformative, not individually or collectively. Yet they had an ameliorative effect, traces of which have touched the twenty-first century—in struggles to curb the proliferation of nuclear weapons, bring war criminals to justice, create laws supportive of human rights, and maintain an aspirational United Nations, still striving to retain meaningfulness amid world hazards. Together these partially realized innovations and frameworks constitute, if nothing else, a point of moral reference, much needed as the border between war and peace has become blurred and the consequences of a return to unrestraint must be harrowing.
  a sentence for economics: The Origins of David Hume's Economics Willie Henderson, 2010-10-04 The author argues that analysis of the arguments of the Hume's Treatise throws light on Hume’s later economic, political and historical work.
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1. THREE DEFINITIONS OF MARKETS. When you think of the word “market,” you probably think of a store where you buy groceries. But in economics markets are defined more broadly and …

More Time, Less Crime? Estimating the Incapacitative Effect …
Sentence enhancements may reduce crime both by deterring potential criminals and by incapacitating previous offenders, removing these possible recidivists from society for longer …